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Chavda V, Zajac KK, Gunn JL, Balar P, Khadela A, Vaghela D, Soni S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1821. [PMID: 37344125 PMCID: PMC10440848 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6-phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E-cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non-genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS The severity of the disease and its occurrence vary based on geographical location. Furthermore, men and minorities have been shown to be disproportionately affected by HCC, compared with women and non-minorities. Ethnicity has been reported to significantly affect tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC. Generally, differences in gene expression and/or the presence of comorbid medical diseases affect or influence the progression of HCC. Non-Caucasian HCC patients are significantly more likely to have poorer survival outcomes, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to the success rate of treatments for HCC. CONCLUSION Assessment and treatment of HCC must be consistent using evidence-based guidelines and standardized outcomes, as well as international clinical practice guidelines for global consensus. Standardizing the assessment approach and method will enable comparison and improvement of liver cancer research through collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups. In this review, we will focus on discussing epidemiological factors that result in deviations and changes in treatment approaches for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Kelsee K. Zajac
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Jenna Lynn Gunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of PharmacologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Dixa Vaghela
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySt. John's UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
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Smoking and Drinking Behaviors among Older Adults: A Comparative Analysis of Three Southeast Asian Countries. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2021; 36:369-386. [PMID: 34542780 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-021-09438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the two major health-risk behaviors of smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol among older populations, particularly in Southeast Asia, are limited. This paper provides comparative analyses of the prevalences and correlates of smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol among older people in Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand, using data from the latest available national aging surveys in the three countries. The analyses were conducted within a multivariate framework. Gender-specific results show that smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol are more common among older men than women in all three countries. However, the prevalence of smoking and drinking among men declines at older ages. The multivariate analyses reveal that a higher level of education has a significant negative association with smoking and drinking in all three settings, but the magnitude and the direction of associations vary considerably between countries and genders. Area of residence is correlated with smoking among men in all three countries, whereas co-residential arrangements with spouse, children, or both significantly reduce alcohol consumption among men in Myanmar and among men and women in Thailand. In all three settings a significant complementary relationship between smoking and drinking is observed. From a policy perspective this implies that a successful reduction in smoking could be achieved through anti-drinking campaigns and vice versa.
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Jadnanansing R, Blankers M, Dwarkasing R, Etwaroo K, Lumsden V, Dekker J, Bipat R. Prevalence of substance use disorders in an urban and a rural area in Suriname. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:12. [PMID: 33526098 PMCID: PMC7852200 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorders (AUD) have the worst impact in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where the disease burden per liter of alcohol consumed is higher than in wealthy populations. Furthermore, the median treatment gap for AUDs in LMICs is 78.1%. The highest prevalence of AUDs worldwide in 2004 was found in the western Pacific region, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. The main aim of this study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of risky alcohol use and the extent of the treatment gap in a rural (Nickerie) and in an urban (Paramaribo) area in Suriname, a LMICs country with a wide variety of ethnic groups. Methods The respondents were randomly recruited using a specific sampling method of the National Census Bureau. The final samples were 1837 households for Paramaribo and 1026 for Nickerie, reflecting the populations in both regions. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess the likelihood of the presence of alcohol use disorder. A score of > 7 for the AUDIT implies risky alcohol use. Results The results indicated that 2% of the women and 15% of the men in the rural area scored 8 or higher on the AUDIT. In the urban area, these numbers were 3% and 17%, respectively. In both samples, the men had the highest addiction risk at about 16% compared with 2% for females. Married persons are significantly less likely to become alcoholic than singles and other groups in Paramaribo. In both areas, higher education was associated with a lower probability of alcohol abuse and dependence, while handymen showed a higher odd. A treatment gap of 50% was found for alcohol use disorders in the rural area. The corresponding gap in the urban area was 64%. Conclusions Surinamese men show a high prevalence of the likelihood of AUD. In addition, the treatment gap for these possible patients is large. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop therapeutic strategies with the aim of tackling this physically and mentally disabling disorder. Tailored E-health programs may be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Jadnanansing
- Center for Psychiatry in Suriname and Department of Psychology Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Research Department, Arkin Mental Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Dwarkasing
- Center for Psychiatry in Suriname and Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Kajal Etwaroo
- Center for Psychiatry in Suriname and Department of Psychology Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Vincent Lumsden
- Center for Psychiatry in Suriname and Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jack Dekker
- Research Department, Arkin Mental Health Institute Amsterdam and Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Bipat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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Mat Hassan N, Nurain Mazubir N, Norazlina Juhari S, Faeiz Pauzi M, Daud N. Sociodemographic, Psychological and Adolescent–related Factors Associated with Alcohol Consumption among School-going Adolescents. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2020/25487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Thuy Duyen N, Van Minh H, Van Huy N, Bao Giang K, Thu Ngan T, Xuan Long N, Kim Khanh Ly D, Thu Trang V, Dung V. Patterns of behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Vietnam: A narrative scoping review. Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102920967248. [PMID: 33173590 PMCID: PMC7588771 DOI: 10.1177/2055102920967248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes both magnitude and patterns of major behavioral risk factors for NCDs. Positive changes in tobacco use were identified, though this is far to meet the established expectation. Harmful alcohol consumption was reported, especially for males. Only small proportion of the population consumed an adequate amount of fruits and vegetables daily. Average salt intake was approximately doubled, in comparison to WHO's recommendations. Physical activity has shifted gradually negatively, but future trends are unpredictable. An organized surveillance system should be developed initially with adequate tools and public resources to maintain and ensure sustainability over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nguyen Xuan Long
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Kim Khanh Ly
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thu Trang
- Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Dung
- Vietnam Association of Psychology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hong SA, Peltzer K. Early Adolescent Patterns of Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Eight Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:288-296. [PMID: 30463459 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1517797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though alcohol and tobacco are the most commonly used substances among adolescents, little is known about the patterning of early adolescent substance use in Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. OBJECTIVES This study examined past month patterns of substances use and its gender difference among adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional samples among adolescents aged 13-16 years who completed the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) from eight ASEAN countries were included in the analysis (n = 40,212). RESULTS Prevalence of past month any tobacco use was relatively high in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines (11-15%), but prevalence of dual cigarette and other forms of tobacco use was about 2-5% in the five countries. Past month alcohol consumption prevalence was also high in Thailand, Viet Nam, and the Philippines (16-24%), compared to the rest countries (1.4-8.2%). Moreover, prevalence of the concurrent alcohol and tobacco use was higher in Thailand and the Philippines (7 and 10%, respectively), particularly in boys (13 and 15%, respectively). Conclusions/importance: Almost 30-40% of the boys and 10-20% of girls in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam are engaged in at least one of the two risk behaviors, and the concurrent alcohol and tobacco use was also relatively high among boys in those countries (5-15%). This study may provide some valuable insights on alcohol and tobacco policy in the region and requires to begin prevention and treatment programs in ASEAN member states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ah Hong
- a ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University , Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,b Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Karl Peltzer
- c Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo , Turfloop , South Africa.,d HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
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Wangdi K, Jamtsho T. Prevalence and Correlates of Current Alcohol Use among Bhutanese Adults: A Nationally Representative Survey Data Analysis. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:38-45. [PMID: 30783307 PMCID: PMC6337926 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_412_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related ailments are among the 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Bhutan. The objectives of this article were to determine the prevalence and explore the correlates of current alcohol use among Bhutanese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of secondary data from the National Health Survey 2012 of Bhutan. The outcome variable of interest was current alcohol use. The questionnaire was developed following the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) of noncommunicable diseases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the correlates of current alcohol use. The prevalence of current alcohol use was 30.9%. The correlates of current alcohol use were male sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.36], widowhood (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.22-6.99), and chewing betel quid >20 times per week (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI, 1.08-4.03). Primary (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.50-0.91), high (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.38-0.71), and university (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI, 0.29-0.73) educated participants were less likely to be current alcohol users when compared with those who had no education. Compared with unskilled workers, services and sales workers were less likely to use alcohol regularly (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.49-0.82). Homemade alcohol Ara was the most common drink. CONCLUSION The national prevalence of current alcohol use in Bhutan is higher than the national average in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Prevention should target the correlates and limit the availability of locally home-brewed Ara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinley Wangdi
- Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Environment and Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Phuensholing General Hospital, Phuentsholing, Bhutan
| | - Tshering Jamtsho
- School of Demography, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Schröders J, Wall S, Hakimi M, Dewi FST, Weinehall L, Nichter M, Nilsson M, Kusnanto H, Rahajeng E, Ng N. How is Indonesia coping with its epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases? A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179186. [PMID: 28632767 PMCID: PMC5478110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a huge global health problem in low- and middle-income countries. The magnitude of the rise of NCDs is particularly visible in Southeast Asia where limited resources have been used to address this rising epidemic, as in the case of Indonesia. Robust evidence to measure growing NCD-related burdens at national and local levels and to aid national discussion on social determinants of health and intra-country inequalities is needed. The aim of this review is (i) to illustrate the burden of risk factors, morbidity, disability, and mortality related to NCDs; (ii) to identify existing policy and community interventions, including disease prevention and management strategies; and (iii) to investigate how and why an inequitable distribution of this burden can be explained in terms of the social determinants of health. METHODS Our review followed the PRISMA guidelines for identifying, screening, and checking the eligibility and quality of relevant literature. We systematically searched electronic databases and gray literature for English- and Indonesian-language studies published between Jan 1, 2000 and October 1, 2015. We synthesized included studies in the form of a narrative synthesis and where possible meta-analyzed their data. RESULTS On the basis of deductive qualitative content analysis, 130 included citations were grouped into seven topic areas: risk factors; morbidity; disability; mortality; disease management; interventions and prevention; and social determinants of health. A quantitative synthesis meta-analyzed a subset of studies related to the risk factors smoking, obesity, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings echo the urgent need to expand routine risk factor surveillance and outcome monitoring and to integrate these into one national health information system. There is a stringent necessity to reorient and enhance health system responses to offer effective, realistic, and affordable ways to prevent and control NCDs through cost-effective interventions and a more structured approach to the delivery of high-quality primary care and equitable prevention and treatment strategies. Research on social determinants of health and policy-relevant research need to be expanded and strengthened to the extent that a reduction of the total NCD burden and inequalities therein should be treated as related and mutually reinforcing priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröders
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stig Wall
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hakimi
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Department of Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lars Weinehall
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Nichter
- School of Anthropology, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hari Kusnanto
- Department of Family Medicine, Community Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Rahajeng
- Center for Public Health Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Nawi Ng
- Unit of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Howe CG, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Caudill MA, Malysheva O, Lomax-Luu AM, Parvez F, Siddique AB, Shahriar H, Uddin MN, Islam T, Graziano JH, Costa M, Gamble MV. Sex-Specific Associations between One-Carbon Metabolism Indices and Posttranslational Histone Modifications in Arsenic-Exposed Bangladeshi Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:261-269. [PMID: 27765800 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational histone modifications (PTHMs) are altered by arsenic, an environmental carcinogen. PTHMs are also influenced by nutritional methyl donors involved in one-carbon metabolism (OCM), which may protect against epigenetic dysregulation. METHODS We measured global levels of three PTHMs, which are dysregulated in cancers (H3K36me2, H3K36me3, H3K79me2), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 324 participants enrolled in the Folic Acid and Creatine Trial, a randomized trial in arsenic-exposed Bangladeshi adults. Sex-specific associations between several blood OCM indices (folate, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, homocysteine) and PTHMs were examined at baseline using regression models, adjusted for multiple tests by controlling for the false discovery rate (PFDR). We also evaluated the effects of folic acid supplementation (400 μg/d for 12 weeks), compared with placebo, on PTHMs. RESULTS Associations between choline and H3K36me2 and between vitamin B12 and H3K79me2 differed significantly by sex (Pdiff < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Among men, plasma choline was positively associated with H3K36me2 (PFDR < 0.05), and among women, plasma vitamin B12 was positively associated with H3K79me2 (PFDR < 0.01). Folic acid supplementation did not alter any of the PTHMs examined (PFDR = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS OCM indices may influence PTHMs in a sex-dependent manner, and folic acid supplementation, at this dose and duration, does not alter PTHMs in PBMCs. IMPACT This is the first study to examine the influences of OCM indices on PTHMs in a population that may have increased susceptibility to cancer development due to widespread exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water and a high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(2); 261-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Megan N Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Olga Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Angela M Lomax-Luu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Abu B Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Shahriar
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad N Uddin
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York
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Bui TV, Blizzard CL, Luong KN, Truong NLV, Tran BQ, Otahal P, Gall S, Nelson MR, Au TB, Ha ST, Phung HN, Tran MH, Callisaya M, Srikanth V. National survey of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Vietnam: prevalence estimates and an assessment of their validity. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:498. [PMID: 27286818 PMCID: PMC4902939 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors at a provincial level in Vietnam, and to assess whether the summary estimates allow reliable inferences to be drawn regarding regional differences in risk factors and associations between them. METHODS Participants (n = 14706, 53.5 % females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Data were analysed using complex survey methods. RESULTS Differences by sex in mean years of schooling (males 8.26 ± 0.20, females 7.00 ± 0.18), proportions of current smokers (males 57.70 %, females 1.73 %), and binge-drinkers (males 25.11 %, females 0.63 %), and regional differences in diet, reflected the geographical and socio-cultural characteristics of the country. Provinces with a higher proportion of urban population had greater mean levels of BMI (r = 0.82), and lesser proportions of active people (r = -0.89). The associations between the summary estimates were generally plausible (e.g. physical activity and BMI, r = -0.80) but overstated, and with some anomalous findings due to characterisation of smoking and hypertension by STEPS protocols. CONCLUSIONS This report provides an extensive description of the sex-specific and regional distribution of NCD risk factors in Vietnam and an account of some health-related consequences of industrialisation in its early stages. The STEPS protocols can be utilized to provide aggregate data for valid between-population comparisons, but with important caveats identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Van Bui
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Christopher Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Khue Ngoc Luong
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Le Van Truong
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Bao Quoc Tran
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Seana Gall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Thuy Bich Au
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Son Thai Ha
- Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Ngoc Phung
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Mai Hoang Tran
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Nguyen Truong T, Laureillard D, Lacombe K, Duong Thi H, Pham Thi Hanh P, Truong Thi Xuan L, Chu Thi N, Luong Que A, Vu Hai V, Nagot N, Tuaillon E, Dominguez S, Lemoine M. High Proportion of HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients with Advanced Liver Fibrosis Requiring Hepatitis C Treatment in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam (ANRS 12262). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153744. [PMID: 27148964 PMCID: PMC4858210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Aims Screening and treatment for chronic hepatitis C are very limited in Vietnam and clinical data on HCV-related liver disease in HIV-coinfected people are almost inexistent. This study aimed to assess the severity of liver fibrosis and its risk factors in HIV-HCV coinfected patients in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a HIV outpatient clinic. Consecutive HIV treated adults with positive HCV serology completed a standardised epidemiological questionnaire and had a comprehensive liver assessment including hepatic elastography (Fibroscan®, Echosens). Results From February to March 2014, 104 HIV-HCV coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were prospectively enrolled (99 males, median age: 35.8 (32.7–39.6) years, median CD4 count: 504 (361–624) /mm3. Of them, 93 (89.4%) had detectable HCV RNA (median 6.19 (4.95–6.83 Log10 IU/mL). Patients were mainly infected with genotypes 1a/1b (69%) and genotypes 6a/6e (26%). Forty-three patients (41.3%) had fibrosis ≥F2 including 24 patients (23.1%) with extensive fibrosis (F3) and/or cirrhosis (F4). In univariate analysis, excessive alcohol consumption, estimated time duration from HCV infection, nevirapine and lopinavir-based ARV regimen and CD4 nadir were associated factors of extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse was the only independent factor of extensive fibrosis in multivariate analysis. Using Fibroscan® as a gold standard, the high thresholds of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) had very good performances for the diagnosis of extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis (Se: 90 and 100%, Sp:84 and 81%, AUROCs = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.86–0.99 and 0.96 (0.92–0.99), respectively). Conclusion In this study, nearly 25% of HIV-HCV coinfected patients successfully treated with ART have extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis, and therefore require urgently HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Nguyen Truong
- University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- INSERM U1058 "Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections", Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Laureillard
- INSERM U1058 "Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections", Montpellier, France
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Huong Duong Thi
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Pham Thi Hanh
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | - Nga Chu Thi
- Department of virology, Viet Tiep hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Anh Luong Que
- Department of virology, Viet Tiep hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Vu Hai
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- INSERM U1058 "Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections", Montpellier, France
- Department of epidemiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- INSERM U1058 "Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections", Montpellier, France
- Department of bacteriology and virology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Dominguez
- Department of clinical immunology, Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Maimela E, Alberts M, Modjadji SEP, Choma SSR, Dikotope SA, Ntuli TS, Van Geertruyden JP. The Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors amongst Adults in the Dikgale Health Demographic and Surveillance System (HDSS) Site, Limpopo Province of South Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147926. [PMID: 26882033 PMCID: PMC4755539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in a rural community in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. METHODS This survey was conducted using the WHO "STEPwise approach to the surveillance of non-communicable diseases" (STEPS) methodology. Participants were residents of the Dikgale HDSS site and standardised international protocols were used to measure behavioural risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake and, physical activity) and physical characteristics (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure-BP). Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-C were determined in 732 participants. Data were analysed using STATA 12 for Windows. RESULTS The prevalence of current smokers amongst the participants was 13.7%, of which 81.3% were daily smokers. Alcohol was consumed by 16.3% of the participants. The majority of participants (88.6%) had low daily intake of fruit and vegetables and low physical activity (66.5%). The prevalence of hypertension amongst the participants was 38.2%. Overweight, obesity and high waist circumference were prevalent in females. The cardio-metabolic risk profile was not significantly different between men and women. People who were older than 40 years, overweight or obese and those who consumed alcohol were more likely to be hypertensive. Smoking was associated significantly with older age, males, never married and divorced people. Alcohol consumption was associated with older age, males, low educational status and low income. CONCLUSION High levels of risk factors for NCDs among adults in the Dikgale HDSS suggest an urgent need for health interventions to control these risk factors at the population level in order to reduce the prevalence of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimela
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
- International Health Unit, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne Alberts
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Sewela E. P. Modjadji
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Solomon S. R. Choma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Sekgothe A. Dikotope
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Thembelihle S. Ntuli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Polokwane, South Africa
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Pujilestari CU, Ng N, Hakimi M, Eriksson M. "It is not possible for me to have diabetes"-community perceptions on diabetes and its risk factors in Rural Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:204-18. [PMID: 25168994 PMCID: PMC4825520 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n5p204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that negative perceptions towards diabetes can limit the management and prevention of the disease. The negative perceptions towards diabetes are prevalent in many different settings, especially among rural communities. Few qualitative studies have been performed to understand how the community views diabetes and its associated risk factors. This study aimed to explore general community perceptions of diabetes and its risk factors in rural Indonesia. A total of 68 participants were recruited to 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) comprised of different age groups and sexes. The FGDs were conducted in six villages in rural Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia, from 2011 to 2012. All FGDs were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was performed to describe and analyse how the rural community perceived diabetes and its risk factors. Diabetes was perceived as a visible and scary sugar disease, and the affected individuals themselves were blamed for getting the disease. Recognised as ‘sugar’ or ‘sweet-pee’ disease with terrifying effects, diabetes was believed to be a disease with no cure. The participants seemed to have an unrealistic optimism with regards to the diabetes risk factors. They believed that diabetes would not affect them, only others, and that having family members with diabetes was necessary for one to develop diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that rural communities have negative perceptions about diabetes and at the same time individuals have unrealistic optimism about their own risk factors. Understanding how such communities perceive diabetes and its risk factors is important for planning prevention strategies. Health messages need to be tailored to health-related behaviours and the local culture’s concepts of diseases and risk factors.
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Katyal R, Bansal R, Agrawal V, Goel K, Chaudhary V. Cross-sectional Study to Acknowledge the Independent Association of the Socio-demographic Determinants of Alcohol Use in an Urban Slum of North India. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:749-57. [PMID: 25013695 PMCID: PMC4085928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To seek pleasure is man's innate nature. In his search for gratification, man has discovered a world of substances that intoxicated him. Those who fell within its trap, their life changed, their families aggrieved and they shrank from company. The addiction remained alone in the end. To many death was a relief. METHODS A community based cross- sectional study was conducted in the Catchment area of UHTC (Urban Health and training Centre) where all males aged ≥15 years residing in the study area were included. Data was collected by home visit using WHO questionnaire ( AUDIT Alcohol use disorder identification test) Modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to assess the socio-economic status of the families. Data was analyzed by appropriate test using SPSS 20.0 version. Logistic regression was applied to the positively associated results. RESULTS According to the AUDIT score, Hazardous, Dependent and harmful drinkers were 7.7%, 9.2% and 2.4% respectively. Age, marital status, education of the head of the family, occupation of the respondent, caste, family history of alcohol use had statistically significant association (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval). Logistic regression was applied and marital status, family history of alcohol use and caste retained their statistical significance (P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that being young, being low educated, being married and having a family history of alcohol use are more at risk to it. This indicates the dire necessity to consider the above factors in order to combat with this evil of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Katyal
- Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Bansal
- Department of Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijender Agrawal
- Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Chaudhary
- Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Petti S, Masood M, Scully C. The magnitude of tobacco smoking-betel quid chewing-alcohol drinking interaction effect on oral cancer in South-East Asia. A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78999. [PMID: 24260143 PMCID: PMC3832519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol drinking are oral cancer risk factors. Observational studies unanimously report that oral cancer risk in smoking-drinking-chewing exposed subjects is exceptionally high. However, none of them assessed the fractions of this risk attributable to the three individual risk factors and to the smoking-drinking-chewing interaction. The present study sought to assess the magnitude of the smoking-drinking-chewing interaction effect on oral cancer. A meta-analysis of observational South-East Asian studies which reported oral cancer odds ratios (ORs) stratified for smoking-drinking-chewing exposures was performed. The pooled ORs were estimated and controlled for quality, heterogeneity, publication bias and inclusion criteria. The smoking-drinking-chewing interaction effect was estimated through the pooled Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI, excess risk in smoking-drinking-chewing exposed individuals with respect to the risk expected from the addition of the three individual risks of smoking, drinking and chewing). Fourteen studies were included with low between-study heterogeneity. The pooled ORs for smoking, drinking, chewing, smoking-drinking-chewing, respectively were 3.6 (95% confidence interval −95% CI, 1.9–7.0), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6–3.0), 7.9 (95% CI, 6.7–9.3), 40.1 (95% CI, 35.1–45.8). The pooled RERI was 28.4 (95% CI, 22.9–33.7). Among smoking-drinking-chewing subjects, the individual effects accounted for 6.7% (smoking), 3.1% (drinking), 17.7% (chewing) of the risk, while the interaction effect accounted for the remaining 72.6%. These data suggest that 44,200 oral cancer cases in South-East Asia annually occur among smoking-drinking-chewing exposed subjects and 40,400 of these are exclusively associated with the interaction effect. Effective oral cancer control policies must consider concurrent tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, betel quid chewing usages as a unique unhealthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohd Masood
- Centre of Studies for Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Go VF, Minh NL, Frangakis C, Ha TV, Latkin CA, Sripaipan T, Davis W, Zelaya C, Ngoc NP, Quan VM. Decreased injecting is associated with increased alcohol consumption among injecting drug users in northern Vietnam. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2013; 24:304-11. [PMID: 23332981 PMCID: PMC4774043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing injecting frequency may reduce the risk of HIV infection and improve health outcomes among injection drug users (IDUs). However, the reduction of one risk behavior may be associated with an increase in other risk behaviors, including the use of other risk-associated substances. Our objective was to determine if an association exists between a reduction in injecting and level of alcohol use among IDU. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis of data collected for a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of a peer education intervention in reducing HIV risk among IDU and their network members in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Our analysis included active male injectors (n = 629) who were study participants and attended both baseline and 3-month visits. Frequency of alcohol consumption was assessed as the number of alcoholic drinks in the past 30 days. Change in risk and outcome behaviors was calculated as the difference in frequencies of behaviors between baseline and 3-month follow-up visits. The outcome of interest was concurrent decreased drug injection and increased alcohol consumption. RESULTS The mean difference between baseline and 3-month follow-up of alcohol consumption and injection frequency in the past 30 days was 19.03 drinks (93.68 SD) and 20.22 injections (35.66 SD), respectively. Participants who reported reduced injection frequency were almost three times as likely to report increased alcohol consumption (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 2.0, 4.0). The proportion that both decreased injecting and increased alcohol by any amount in the past 30 days was 35.6%. In multivariate analysis higher education was significantly associated with an increase in alcohol and decrease in injecting of any amount. CONCLUSION Male IDU may be at risk for increasing alcohol consumption when they reduce injection frequency. Interventions with male IDU that encourage reduction of injection may need to review specific strategies to limit alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian F Go
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Le LC, Blum RW. Road traffic injury among young people in Vietnam: evidence from two rounds of national adolescent health surveys, 2004-2009. Glob Health Action 2013; 6:1-9. [PMID: 23336620 PMCID: PMC3549064 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.18757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on previous data, road traffic injury (RTI) was a leading cause of non-fatal injury in all-age groups in Vietnam, and among the top causes of injury in children and adolescents. Specific analysis on RTIs in young people, however, has yet to be fully investigated. Using the results of two surveys in 2004 and 2009, the present study aims to describe the current situation of non-fatal, unintentional RTIs among Vietnamese youths. In addition, it explores RTI-related risk and protective factors. Methods This study utilized the nationally representative Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth 2009 (SAVY2) of 10,044 youths aged 14 to 25 from all 63 provinces in Vietnam. The indicators were compared with data from SAVY1 in 2004 of 7,584 youths. Bivariate and multivariable statistical techniques were applied. Results Overall, 75% of youths used a motorcycle in SAVY2 compared with 54.2% in SAVY1. Of the SAVY2 sample, the proportion that had experienced an RTI was 10.6% vs. 14.1% in SAVY1. While the proportion of RTIs for both sexes decreased, the decline was greater for males (11.9% vs. 17.8% in SAVY1) than in females (9.2% vs. 10.4%). The proportion of rural youths aged 22–25 who experienced an RTI increased slightly in the 5 years between the two study intervals. The percentage of youths reporting frequent helmet use increased significantly from 26.2% in SAVY1 to 73.6% in SAVY2. Factors related to the likelihood of ever having experienced an RTI included: older age, male, ever being drunk, and ever riding motorcycles after drinking. Conclusion While improvements in RTIs appear to have occurred between 2004 and 2009, more attention should be paid, particularly, in maintenance and supervision of law enforcement to helmet use and drunk driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Cu Le
- Department of Demography, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Hoy D, Rao C, Nhung NTT, Marks G, Hoa NP. Risk factors for chronic disease in Viet Nam: a review of the literature. Prev Chronic Dis 2013; 10:120067. [PMID: 23306076 PMCID: PMC3545704 DOI: 10.5888/pcd10.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic diseases account for most of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Asia. We reviewed literature on chronic disease risk factors in Viet Nam to identify patterns and data gaps. METHODS All population-based studies published from 2000 to 2012 that reported chronic disease risk factors were considered. We used standard chronic disease terminology to search PubMed and assessed titles, abstracts, and articles for eligibility for inclusion. We summarized relevant study information in tables listing available studies, risk factors measured, and the prevalence of these risk factors. RESULTS We identified 23 studies conducted before 2010. The most common age range studied was 25 to 64 years. Sample sizes varied, and sample frames were national in 5 studies. A combination of behavioral, physical, and biological risk factors was studied. Being overweight or obese was the most common risk factor studied (n = 14), followed by high blood pressure (n = 11) and tobacco use (n = 10). Tobacco and alcohol use were high among men, and tobacco use may be increasing among Vietnamese women. High blood pressure is common; however, people's knowledge that they have high blood pressure may be low. A high proportion of diets do not meet international criteria for fruit and vegetable consumption. Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. None of the studies evaluated measured dietary patterns or total caloric intake, and only 1 study measured dietary salt intake. CONCLUSION Risk factors for chronic diseases are common in Viet Nam; however, more recent and context-specific information is required for planning and monitoring interventions to reduce risk factors and chronic disease in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Hoy
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Subady BN, Assanangkornchai S, Chongsuvivatwong V. Prevalence, patterns and predictors of alcohol consumption in a mountainous district of Bhutan. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012; 32:435-42. [PMID: 23231462 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS South Asian countries, with their diverse cultures, have varying prevalences of alcohol consumption. Little is known about Bhutan, a Himalayan country. The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption among the residents of a rural community in Bhutan and determine their patterns of and factors associated with drinking. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional household survey using a multistage systematic sampling technique was conducted in eight sub-districts of Tashiyangtse. A total of 442 subjects of 270 households were surveyed in 17 villages using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), with the tri-level method and face-to-face interviews. RESULTS The drinking prevalence (at least one standard drink in the past year) was 38.5% (52% in men and 30% in women). The prevalence of low-, moderate- and high-risk drinking based on the AUDIT was 22.4%, 13.6% and 2.5%, respectively. Annual per capita alcohol consumption was 5442 and 2566 g in men and women, respectively, while the corresponding values of home-made alcohol consumption were 3768 and 2127 g, respectively. Among drinkers, 30.3% of men and 25.9% of women reported encountering financial consequences. The home was almost the exclusive drinking venue (92.4%). Belief in the medicinal use of alcohol was 34.8% in men and 58% in women as the reason to start drinking. This belief was a strong independent predictor for current drinking after adjustment for age and sex. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Home-made alcohol and home drinking with a belief of medicinal effects were the major cause of drinking and its consequences in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim N Subady
- Tashiyangtse District Hospital, Dzongkhag Administration, Trashiyangtse, Bhutan
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sankoh
- INDEPTH Network, PO Box KD213, Kanda, Accra, Ghana, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden and MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Corresponding author.
| | - Peter Byass
- INDEPTH Network, PO Box KD213, Kanda, Accra, Ghana, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden and MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Banta JE, Addison A, Job JS, Yel D, Kheam T, Singh PN. Patterns of alcohol and tobacco use in Cambodia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 25:33S-44S. [PMID: 23165486 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512464649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have considered whether the habitual use of tobacco in Southeast Asia is part of an established pattern of addiction that includes regular alcohol use. As part of a national survey of adult tobacco use in Cambodia (n = 13 988), we found that men who smoked were 2 times more likely to have drank alcohol in the past week (odds ratio = 2.53, 95% confidence interval = 2.10-3.03). By age 18 to 25 years, 47% of male smokers drank alcohol, and this pattern of alcohol and tobacco use increased to >55% through the fifth decade. Women using smokeless tobacco with betel quid were more likely to be alcohol drinkers (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.98). Past week's drinking declined by late middle age and was associated with lower education and being currently married; the behavior was lower in some ethnic groups (ie, Cham). Our findings indicate an important association between alcohol and tobacco use, and raise the possibility that reducing alcohol consumption can be an important component of tobacco control.
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Bello S, Fatiregun A, Ndifon WO, Oyo-Ita A, Ikpeme B. Social determinants of alcohol use among drivers in Calabar. Niger Med J 2011; 52:244-9. [PMID: 22529507 PMCID: PMC3329094 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.93797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hazardous use of alcohol is a public health problem which accounts for 4.0% of global disease burden. Although the prevalence of alcohol use among drivers of commercial vehicles in Nigeria has been documented, not much is known about its social determinants. This study was, therefore, aimed at assessing the social determinants of alcohol use among drivers of commercial vehicles in Calabar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 360 male commercial drivers. A semistructured questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, was administered at interview. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify social determinants of any and hazardous alcohol use. RESULTS Determinants of any alcohol use (binary logistic) were history of use by parents (adjusted odds ratios (AOR)=2.7; 95% CI=1.1-6.3), friends (AOR=3.2; 95% CI=1.3-7.8) and ready availability (AOR=4.1; 95% CI=1.9-8.8) while determinants of hazardous use (multinomial logistic) were history of use by parents (AOR=5.8; 95% CI=2.0-16.9), siblings (AOR=7.0; 95% CI=2.6-16.9), friends (AOR=6.6; 95% CI=1.8-24.4), hostile upbringing environment (AOR=3.8; 95% CI=1.3-11.1), use of other drugs (AOR=55.6, 95% CI=14.5-200), and respondents who had fathers with a maximum of primary or no formal education (AOR=4.6; 95% CI=1.8-11.8). CONCLUSION Alcohol use was associated with family use, friends' use, and use of other drugs. Multiple health education interventions are needed to tackle these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bello
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - A. Fatiregun
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics and Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - W. O. Ndifon
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - A. Oyo-Ita
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - B. Ikpeme
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
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Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disabling condition worldwide that presents as pain, maldigestion, and diabetes. It is usually perceived as alcohol related, or classified as idiopathic otherwise. However, this is true only for Western countries. Asian CP comprises not only alcohol-related CP but also tropical pancreatitis (TP). Tropical pancreatitis is a unique entity commonly found in South Asia. It shares similar presentations with other CPs for pain and maldigestion. However, its diabetes is more ketosis resistant. Non-surgical approach like endoscopic therapy plus extracoporeal shock wave lithotripsy provides better outcome for TP than other CPs, because of its less strictured pancreatic duct that is more amenable to endoscopic stone clearance. Diagnosis of CP in Asia mainly relies on image studies such as ultrasonography ± computed tomography (CT) scan, and non-invasive tests on fecal chymotrypsin, serum trypsin, and serum pancreatic isoamylase. Endoscopic ultrasonography and intestinal tubing tests are used mainly in some research centers. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is another CP originated from Asia in large series and subsequently being recognized in the West. AIP patients seldom present with maldigestion until the disease progresses to a very late stage and this occurs in less than one third of patients. In contrast, AIP is usually presented as pseudotumor of the pancreatic head, causing obstructive jaundice. Immunoglobulin G4 level is typically elevated in AIP and can be used as a marker for responsiveness. Without a need of surgery, steroids are the standard treatment. Those who relapse and are resistant to steroids should be placed on long-term immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Bleich SN, Koehlmoos TLP, Rashid M, Peters DH, Anderson G. Noncommunicable chronic disease in Bangladesh: overview of existing programs and priorities going forward. Health Policy 2010; 100:282-9. [PMID: 20889225 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reviews existing NCD programs in Bangladesh and identifies key priorities for the country to help address the NCD burden. METHODS To identify existing chronic disease programs in Bangladesh, country experts were interviewed and literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Ovid Medline (January 1970 to June 2009) for potentially relevant studies focused on tobacco-related illnesses, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Programs not being implemented at the time of the study were excluded. Programs underway at the time of the study were included. RESULTS Bangladesh has a total of 11 NCD programs at varying levels of development. Roughly half of the programs involved diabetes; three addressed the reduction of primary risk factors and about half provided infrastructure (e.g., hospitals or clinics) for NCD services or health professional training. The programs were roughly divided between the government and nongovernment organizations (NGOs). CONCLUSIONS The Bangladeshi government and non-government organizations have taken several steps to implement appropriate NCD programs, but there are many areas where efforts could be enhanced or strengthened. Key among them is improved monitoring and evaluation of NCD programs and the development of nationally representative NCD surveillance data which includes prevalence and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Bonita R. Guest Editorial: Strengthening NCD prevention through risk factor surveillance. Glob Health Action 2009; 2. [PMID: 20027247 PMCID: PMC2785104 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Krishnan A, Nongkynrih B, Kapoor SK, Pandav C. A role for INDEPTH Asian sites in translating research to action for non-communicable disease prevention and control: a case study from Ballabgarh, India. Glob Health Action 2009; 2:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1990. [PMID: 20027258 PMCID: PMC2785101 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Network of field sites with continuous Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH) has 34 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in 17 different low and middle-income countries. Of these, 23 sites are in Africa, 10 sites are in Asia, and one in Oceania. The INDEPTH HDSS sites in Asia identified chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a neglected area of attention. As a first step, they conducted NCD risk factor surveys within nine sites in five countries. These sites are now looking to broaden the agenda of research on NCDs using the baseline data to inform policy and practice. METHODS A conceptual framework for translating research into action for NCDs at INDEPTH sites was developed. This had five steps - assess the problem, understand the nature of the problem, evaluate different interventions in research mode, implement evidence-based interventions in programme mode, and finally, share knowledge and provide leadership to communities and countries. Ballabgarh HDSS site in India has successfully adopted these steps and is used as a case study to demonstrate how this progress was achieved and what factors were responsible for a successful outcome. RESULTS Most of the HDSS sites are in the second step of the process of translating research to action (understand the problem). The conduct of NCD risk factor surveys has enabled an assessment of the burden of NCD risk together with determinants in order to understand the burden at the population level. The experience from Ballabgarh HDSS exemplifies that the following steps - pilot testing the interventions, implementing activities in programme mode, and finally, share knowledge and provide leadership - are also possible in rural settings in low-income countries. The critical success factors identified were involvement of a premier medical institution, pre-existing links to policy makers and programme managers, strong commitment of the HDSS team and adequate human resource capacity. CONCLUSION All INDEPTH HDSS sites now need to strengthen their links to health systems at different levels and enhance their capacity to engage different stakeholders in their respective country settings so as to translate the current knowledge into actions that can benefit the health of the population they serve and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baridalyne Nongkynrih
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kapoor
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrakant Pandav
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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27
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Ng N, Van Minh H, Juvekar S, Razzaque A, Huu Bich T, Kanungsukkasem U, Ashraf A, Masud Ahmed S, Soonthornthada K. Using the INDEPTH HDSS to build capacity for chronic non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance in low and middle-income countries. Glob Health Action 2009; 2. [PMID: 20027262 PMCID: PMC2785135 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v2i0.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. More than 80% of chronic disease deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Epidemiological data on the burden of chronic NCD and the risk factors which predict them are lacking in most low-income countries. The INDEPTH Network (http://www.indepth-network.org) which includes the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) with many surveillance sites in low-middle income countries provided an opportunity to establish surveillance of the major chronic NCD risk factors in 2005 using a standardised approach. Objective This paper presents the conceptual framework and research design of the chronic NCD risk factor surveillance within nine rural INDEPTH HDSS settings in Asia. Methods This multi-site study was designed as a baseline cross-sectional survey with sufficient sample size to measure trends over time. In each of nine HDSS sites in five Asian countries, a sample of 2,000 men and women aged 25–64 years, using the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (http://who.int/chp/steps), was selected using stratified random sampling (in each 10-year interval) from the HDSS sampling frame. Results A total of 18,494 men and women from the nine sites were interviewed with an overall response rate of 98%. The major NCDs risk factors included self-reported information on tobacco and alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity patterns, and measured body weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure. A series of training sessions were conducted for research scientists, supervisors, and surveyors in each site. Data quality was ensured through spot check, re-check, and data validation procedures, including accuracy and completeness of data obtained. Standardised data entry programme, created using the EPIDATA software, was used to ensure uniform database structure across sites. The data merging and analysis were done using STATA Version 10. Conclusion This multi-site study confirmed the feasibility of conducting chronic NCD risk factor surveillance in the low and middle-income settings by integrating the chronic NCDs risk factor surveillance into an existing HDSS data collection and management setting. This collaborative work has provided reliable epidemiological data as a basis for developing chronic NCD prevention and control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawi Ng
- Purworejo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Indonesia
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