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Thia ZZ, Ho YT, Shih KC, Tong L. New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1093-1114. [PMID: 37301520 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is a corneal epithelial defect that failed to heal after 2weeks. It is a condition that carries much morbidity, and our understanding of PED remains poor, with current treatment methods often having unsatisfactory outcomes. With PEDs becoming more prevalent, more efforts are required to establish reliable treatment modalities. Our reviews describe the causes of PEDs and the different approaches developed to manage them, as well as their associated limitations. Emphasis is placed on understanding various advances in the development of new treatment modalities. We have also described a case of a woman with a background of graft-versus-host disease on long-term topical corticosteroids who developed complicated PED involving both eyes. The current approach to managing PEDs generally involves exclusion of an active infection, followed by treatment modalities that aim to encourage corneal epithelial healing. Success rates, however, remain far from desirable, as treatment remains challenging due to multiple underlying etiologies. In summary, advances in the development of new therapies may be able to facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhe Thia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik To Ho
- Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Baouche M, Krawczenko A, Paprocka M, Klimczak A, Mermillod P, Locatelli Y, Ochota M, Niżański W. Feline umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation and in vitro characterization from distinct parts of the umbilical cord. Theriogenology 2023; 201:116-125. [PMID: 36889011 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a particular population of cells that play an essential role in the regeneration potential of the body. As a source of MSCs, the umbilical cord (UC) has significant advantages, such as a no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and the easiness of MSCs isolation. In the presented study, the cells derived from the feline whole umbilical cord (WUC) and two separate parts of the UC tissue, including Wharton's jelly (WJ) and umbilical cord vessels (UCV), were investigated to check whether they exhibit MSCs characteristics. The cells were isolated and characterized based on their morphology, pluripotency, differentiation potential, and phenotype. In our study MSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from all UC parts; after one week of culture, the cells had a typical spindle shape consistent with MSCs morphology. Cells showed the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes cells. Two markers typical of MSCs (CD44, CD90) and three pluripotency markers (Oct4, SOX2 and Nanog) were expressed in all cells cultures; but no expression of (CD34, MCH II) was evidenced by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. In addition, WJ-MSCs showed the highest ability of proliferation, more significant pluripotency gene expressions, and greater differentiation potential than the cells isolated from WUC and UCV. Finally, we conclude in this study that cat MSCs derived from all the parts are valuable cells that can be efficiently used in various fields of feline regenerative medicine, but cells from WJ can offer the best clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Baouche
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krawczenko
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Paprocka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors (PR China), UMR085, INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviors (PR China), UMR085, INRAE, CNRS, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Małgorzata Ochota
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
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3
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Chua AWC, Guo D, Tan JC, Lim FTW, Ong CT, Masilamani J, Lim TKH, Hwang WYK, Lim IJ, Chen J, Phan TT, Fan X. Intraperitoneally Delivered Umbilical Cord Lining Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Survival and Kidney Function in Murine Lupus via Myeloid Pathway Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010365. [PMID: 36613807 PMCID: PMC9820333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord lining mesenchymal stromal cells (CL-MSCs) (US Patent number 9,737,568) in lupus-prone MRL/lpr (Faslpr) mice and elucidate its working mechanisms. A total of 4 doses of (20-25) × 106 cells/kg of CL-MSCs was given to 16-week-old female Faslpr mice by intraperitoneal injection. Three subsequent doses were given on 17 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks, respectively. Six-week-old Faslpr mice were used as disease pre-onset controls. Mice were monitored for 10 weeks. Mouse kidney function was evaluated by examining complement component 3 (C3) deposition, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and lupus nephritis (LN) activity and chronicity. Working mechanisms were elucidated by flow cytometry, Luminex/ELISA (detection of anti-dsDNA and isotype antibodies), and RNA sequencing. CL-MSCs improved mice survival and kidney function by reducing LN activity and chronicity and lymphocyte infiltration over 10 weeks. CL-MSCs also reduced urinary ACR, renal complement C3 deposition, anti-dsDNA, and isotype antibodies that include IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM. Immune and cytokine profiling demonstrated that CL-MSCs dampened inflammation by suppressing splenic neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, reducing plasma IL-6, IL-12, and CXCL1 and stabilizing plasma interferon-γ and TNF-α. RNA sequencing further showed that CL-MSCs mediated immunomodulation via concerted action of pro-proinflammatory cytokine-induced chemokines and production of nitric oxide in macrophages. CL-MSCs may provide a novel myeloid (neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages)-targeting therapy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wen Choong Chua
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Dianyang Guo
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jia Chi Tan
- Single-Cell Computational Immunology, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Frances Ting Wei Lim
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Chee Tian Ong
- CellResearch Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 048943, Singapore
| | | | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - William Ying Khee Hwang
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Ivor Jiun Lim
- CellResearch Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 048943, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Single-Cell Computational Immunology, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Toan Thang Phan
- CellResearch Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 048943, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: (T.T.P.); (X.F.); Tel.: +65-6444-9968 (T.T.P.); +65-9101-6288 (X.F.); Fax: +65-6220-3321 (T.T.P.); +65-6221-5142 (X.F.)
| | - Xiubo Fan
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (T.T.P.); (X.F.); Tel.: +65-6444-9968 (T.T.P.); +65-9101-6288 (X.F.); Fax: +65-6220-3321 (T.T.P.); +65-6221-5142 (X.F.)
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4
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Coccini T, Spinillo A, Roccio M, Lenta E, Valsecchi C, De Simone U. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based in vitro Model for Neurotoxicity Testing. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e423. [PMID: 35471597 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity (NT) testing for regulatory purposes is based on in vivo animal testing. There is general consensus, however, about the need for the development of alternative methodologies to allow researchers to more rapidly and cost effectively screen large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause NT, or to investigate their mode of action. In vitro assays are considered an important source of information for making regulatory decisions, and human cell-based systems are recommended as one of the most relevant models in toxicity testing, to reduce uncertainty in the extrapolation of results from animal-based models. Human neuronal models range from various neuroblastoma cell lines to stem cell-derived systems, including those derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSC). hMSCs exhibit numerous advantages, including the fact that they can be obtained in high yield from healthy human adult tissues, can be cultured with a minimal laboratory setup and without genetic manipulations, are able of continuous and repeated self-renewal, are nontumorigenic, and can form large populations of stably differentiated cells representative of different tissues, including neuronal cells. hMSCs derived from human umbilical cord (hUC) in particular possess several prominent advantages, including a painless, non-invasive, and ethically acceptable collection procedure, simple and convenient preparation, and high proliferation capacity. In addition, hMSCs can be efficiently differentiated into neuron-like cells (hNLCs), which can then be used for the assessment of neuronal toxicity of potential neurotoxic compounds in humans. Here, we describe a step-by-step procedure to use hMSCs from the umbilical cord for in vitro neurotoxicity testing. First, we describe how to isolate, amplify, and store hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord. We then outline the steps to transdifferentiate these cells into hNLCs, and then use the hNLCs for neurotoxicity testing by employing multiple common cytotoxicity assays after treatment with test compounds. The approach follows the most updated guidance on using human cell-based systems. These protocols will allow investigators to implement an alternative system for obtaining primary NLCs of human origin, and support advancement in neurotoxicity research. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and maintenance of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) obtained from the umbilical cord lining membrane Basic Protocol 2: Transdifferentiation of hMSCs into neuron-like cells (hNLCs) and basic neurotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marianna Roccio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Cell Factory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Cell Factory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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5
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Kulus M, Sibiak R, Stefańska K, Zdun M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Jaśkowski JM, Bukowska D, Ratajczak K, Zabel M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues-Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123278. [PMID: 34943786 PMCID: PMC8699543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There are many sources of MSCs, of which cells of perinatal origin appear to be an invaluable pool. Compared to embryonic stem cells, they are devoid of ethical conflicts because they are derived from tissues surrounding the fetus and can be safely recovered from medical waste after delivery. Additionally, perinatal MSCs exhibit better self-renewal and differentiation properties than those derived from adult tissues. It is important to consider the anatomy of perinatal tissues and the general description of MSCs, including their isolation, differentiation, and characterization of different types of perinatal MSCs from both animals and humans (placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid). Ultimately, signaling pathways are essential to consider regarding the clinical applications of MSCs. It is important to consider the origin of these cells, referring to the anatomical structure of the organs of origin, when describing the general and specific characteristics of the different types of MSCs as well as the pathways involved in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Rafał Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Maciej Zdun
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (H.P.-K.)
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.M.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Kornel Ratajczak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (K.R.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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6
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Semenova E, Grudniak MP, Machaj EK, Bocian K, Chroscinska-Krawczyk M, Trochonowicz M, Stepaniec IM, Murzyn M, Zagorska KE, Boruczkowski D, Kolanowski TJ, Oldak T, Rozwadowska N. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Parts of Umbilical Cord: Approach to Comparison & Characteristics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1780-1795. [PMID: 33860454 PMCID: PMC8553697 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a unique population of cells that play an important role in the regeneration potential of the body. MSCs exhibit a characteristic phenotype and are capable of modulating the immune response. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues such as: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord and others. The umbilical cord as a source of MSCs, has strong advantages, such as no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and easiness of the MSCs isolation. As the umbilical cord (UC) is a complex organ and we decided to evaluate, whether the cells derived from different regions of umbilical cord show similar or distinct properties. In this study we characterized and compared MSCs from three regions of the umbilical cord: Wharton's Jelly (WJ), the perivascular space (PRV) and the umbilical membrane (UCM). The analysis was carried out in terms of morphology, phenotype, immunomodulation potential and secretome. Based on the obtained results, we were able to conclude, that MSCs derived from distinct UC regions differ in their properties. According to our result WJ-MSCs have high and stabile proliferation potential and phenotype, when compare with other MSCs and can be treated as a preferable source of cells for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Semenova
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Grudniak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz K Machaj
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bocian
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Trochonowicz
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor M Stepaniec
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Murzyn
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina E Zagorska
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oldak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.
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Lim RHG, Liew JXK, Wee A, Masilamani J, Chang SKY, Phan TT. Safety Evaluation of Human Cord-Lining Epithelial Stem Cells Transplantation for Liver Regeneration in a Porcine Model. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689719896559. [PMID: 32166974 PMCID: PMC7444229 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719896559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the safety of using umbilical cord-lining stem cells for liver regeneration and tested a novel method for stem cell delivery. Stem cells are known by their ability to repair damaged tissues and have the potential to be used as regenerative therapies. The umbilical cord's outer lining membrane is known to be a promising source of multipotent stem cells and can be cultivated in an epithelial cell growth medium to produce cell populations which possess the properties of both epithelial cells and embryonic stem cells-termed cord-lining epithelial cells (CLEC). Hepatocytes are epithelial cells of the liver and their proliferation upon injury is the main mechanism in restoring the liver. Earlier studies conducted showed CLEC can be differentiated into functioning hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) and can survive in immunologically competent specimens. In this study, we chose a porcine model to investigate CLEC as a treatment modality for liver failure. We selected 16 immune competent Yorkshire-Dutch Landrace pigs, with a mean weight of 40.5 kg, for this study. We performed a 50% hepatectomy to simulate the liver insufficient disease model. After the surgery, four pigs were transplanted with a saline scaffold while seven pigs were transplanted with a HLC scaffold. Five pigs died on the surgical table and were omitted from the study analysis. This study addressed the safety of transplanting human CLEC in a large animal model. The transplant interfaces were evaluated and no signs of cellular rejection were observed in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Singapore National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Stephen Kin Yong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Singapore National University Hospital, Singapore.,Glad Clinic Pte. Ltd, Singapore
| | - Toan Thang Phan
- Department of Surgery, Singapore National University Hospital, Singapore.,CellResearch Corporation Pte. Ltd, Singapore
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8
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Silini AR, Di Pietro R, Lang-Olip I, Alviano F, Banerjee A, Basile M, Borutinskaite V, Eissner G, Gellhaus A, Giebel B, Huang YC, Janev A, Kreft ME, Kupper N, Abadía-Molina AC, Olivares EG, Pandolfi A, Papait A, Pozzobon M, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Soritau O, Susman S, Szukiewicz D, Weidinger A, Wolbank S, Huppertz B, Parolini O. Perinatal Derivatives: Where Do We Stand? A Roadmap of the Human Placenta and Consensus for Tissue and Cell Nomenclature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:610544. [PMID: 33392174 PMCID: PMC7773933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.610544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the understanding of the biology of perinatal tissues has contributed to the breakthrough revelation of the therapeutic effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD), namely birth-associated tissues, cells, and secreted factors. The significant knowledge acquired in the past two decades, along with the increasing interest in perinatal derivatives, fuels an urgent need for the precise identification of PnD and the establishment of updated consensus criteria policies for their characterization. The aim of this review is not to go into detail on preclinical or clinical trials, but rather we address specific issues that are relevant for the definition/characterization of perinatal cells, starting from an understanding of the development of the human placenta, its structure, and the different cell populations that can be isolated from the different perinatal tissues. We describe where the cells are located within the placenta and their cell morphology and phenotype. We also propose nomenclature for the cell populations and derivatives discussed herein. This review is a joint effort from the COST SPRINT Action (CA17116), which broadly aims at approaching consensus for different aspects of PnD research, such as providing inputs for future standards for the processing and in vitro characterization and clinical application of PnD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, G. d’Annunzio Foundation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Asmita Banerjee
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, G. d’Annunzio Foundation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronika Borutinskaite
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aleksandar Janev
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Clara Abadía-Molina
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G. Olivares
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- StemTeCh Group, G. d’Annunzio Foundation, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Vascular and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, ex CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza-Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Soritau
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Susman
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathology, IMOGEN Research Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Coccini T, Pignatti P, Spinillo A, De Simone U. Developmental Neurotoxicity Screening for Nanoparticles Using Neuron-Like Cells of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Example with Magnetite Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081607. [PMID: 32824247 PMCID: PMC7466682 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs), as iron oxide NPs, accumulate in organs, cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and have the potential to elicit developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Human stem cell-derived in vitro models may provide more realistic platforms to study NPs effects on neural cells, and to obtain relevant information on the potential for early or late DNT effects in humans. Primary neuronal-like cells (hNLCs) were generated from mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord lining and the effects caused by magnetite (Fe3O4NPs, 1-50 μg/mL) evaluated. Neuronal differentiation process was divided into stages: undifferentiated, early, mid- and fully-differentiated (from day-2 to 8 of induction) based on different neuronal markers and morphological changes over time. Reduction in neuronal differentiation induction after NP exposure was observed associated with NP uptake: β-tubulin III (β-Tub III), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), enolase (NSE) and nestin were downregulated (10-40%), starting from 25 μg/mL at the early stage. Effects were exacerbated at higher concentrations and persisted up to 8 days without cell morphology alterations. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and caspase-3/7 activity data indicated Fe3O4NPs-induced cell mortality in a concentration-dependent manner and increases of apoptosis: effects appeared early (from day-3), started at low concentrations (≥5 μg/mL) and persisted. This new human cell-based model allows different stages of hNLCs to be cultured, exposed to NPs/chemicals, and analyzed for different endpoints at early or later developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-592416
| | - Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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10
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Human Wharton's Jelly-Cellular Specificity, Stemness Potency, Animal Models, and Current Application in Human Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041102. [PMID: 32290584 PMCID: PMC7230974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies offer a great promise for regenerative and reconstructive medicine, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Although embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, their utilization involves embryo destruction and is ethically controversial. Therefore, adult tissues that have emerged as an alternative source of stem cells and perinatal tissues, such as the umbilical cord, appear to be particularly attractive. Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous connective tissue contained in the umbilical cord, is abundant in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that express CD105, CD73, CD90, Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog among others, and have the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and other lineages. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) do not express MHC-II and exhibit immunomodulatory properties, which makes them a good alternative for allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantations in cellular therapies. Therefore, umbilical cord, especially Wharton's jelly, is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells.
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11
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De Simone U, Spinillo A, Caloni F, Gribaldo L, Coccini T. Neuron-Like Cells Generated from Human Umbilical Cord Lining-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a New In Vitro Model for Neuronal Toxicity Screening: Using Magnetite Nanoparticles as an Example. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E271. [PMID: 31906090 PMCID: PMC6982086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide employment of iron nanoparticles in environmental and occupational settings underlines their potential to enter the brain. Human cell-based systems are recommended as relevant models to reduce uncertainty and to improve prediction of human toxicity. This study aimed at demonstrating the in vitro differentiation of the human umbilical cord lining-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hCL-MSCs) into neuron-like cells (hNLCs) and the benefit of using them as an ideal primary cell source of human origin for the neuronal toxicity of Fe3O4NPs (magnetite-nanoparticles). Neuron-like phenotype was confirmed by: live morphology; Nissl body staining; protein expression of different neuronal-specific markers (immunofluorescent staining), at different maturation stages (i.e., day-3-early and day-8-full differentiated), namely β-tubulin III, MAP-2, enolase (NSE), glial protein, and almost no nestin and SOX-2 expression. Synaptic makers (SYN, GAP43, and PSD95) were also expressed. Fe3O4NPs determined a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of hNLCs viability (by ATP and the Trypan Blue test). Cell density decreased (20-50%) and apoptotic effects were detected at ≥10 μg/mL in both types of differentiated hNLCs. Three-day-differentiated hNLCs were more susceptible (toxicity appeared early and lasted for up to 48 h) than 8-day-differentiated cells (delayed effects). The study demonstrated that (i) hCL-MSCs easily differentiated into neuronal-like cells; (ii) the hNCLs susceptibility to Fe3O4NPs; and (iii) human primary cultures of neurons are new in vitro model for NP evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, Directorate F—Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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12
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Guan YT, Xie Y, Li DS, Zhu YY, Zhang XL, Feng YL, Chen YP, Xu LJ, Liao PF, Wang G. Comparison of biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord and decidua parietalis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:633-639. [PMID: 31180542 PMCID: PMC6579987 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from the mesoderm and have the self‑renewal capacity and multi‑directional differentiation potential of adult stem cells. Stem cells from different sources have different molecular and growth characteristics; therefore, the mechanisms and effects of stem cell‑mediated repair and tissue regeneration may be different. The aim of the present study was to compare the biological characteristics of MSCs derived from the umbilical cord (UC‑MSCs) and MSCs derived from the decidua parietalis (DP‑MSCs), and to provide new evidence for the selection of seed cells in regenerative medicine. Growth curves, cell doubling times, colony formation rates, immunophenotypes, differentiation capacities and secretion‑factor levels of MSCs derived from the two sources were analysed. UC‑MSCs and DP‑MSCs exhibited similar properties with regards to morphology, spiral growth, immunophenotype, and potential to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. For each cell type, the positive rates of the cell surface markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 were >95%, whereas CD34 and CD45 positive rates were <1%. Analyses of in vitro growth kinetics revealed shorter cell‑doubling times, and higher proliferative rates and colony formation rates of UC‑MSCs compared with DP‑MSCs (P<0.05). The concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor in the supernatant from UC‑MSCs was higher compared with that from DP‑MSCs (P<0.05). However, UC‑MSC supernatants exhibited lower levels of of keratinocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and stem cell factor compared with DP‑MSCs (P<0.05). In conclusion, in vitro characterization of MSCs from these tissue sources revealed a number of common biological properties. However, the results also demonstrated clear biological distinctions and suggested that UC‑MSCs may have more effective application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Guangdong Vitalife Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Lin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jiang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Fu Liao
- Guangdong Vitalife Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
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13
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Schreurs M, Suttorp CM, Mutsaers HAM, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW, Ongkosuwito EM, Carvajal Monroy PL, Wagener FADTG. Tissue engineering strategies combining molecular targets against inflammation and fibrosis, and umbilical cord blood stem cells to improve hampered muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:9-26. [PMID: 31104334 PMCID: PMC6972684 DOI: 10.1002/med.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a congenital deformity that occurs in about 1 of 700 newborns, affecting the dentition, bone, skin, muscles and mucosa in the orofacial region. A cleft can give rise to problems with maxillofacial growth, dental development, speech, and eating, and can also cause hearing impairment. Surgical repair of the lip may lead to impaired regeneration of muscle and skin, fibrosis, and scar formation. This may result in hampered facial growth and dental development affecting oral function and lip and nose esthetics. Therefore, secondary surgery to correct the scar is often indicated. We will discuss the molecular and cellular pathways involved in facial and lip myogenesis, muscle anatomy in the normal and cleft lip, and complications following surgery. The aim of this review is to outline a novel molecular and cellular strategy to improve musculature and skin regeneration and to reduce scar formation following cleft repair. Orofacial clefting can be diagnosed in the fetus through prenatal ultrasound screening and allows planning for the harvesting of umbilical cord blood stem cells upon birth. Tissue engineering techniques using these cord blood stem cells and molecular targeting of inflammation and fibrosis during surgery may promote tissue regeneration. We expect that this novel strategy improves both muscle and skin regeneration, resulting in better function and esthetics after cleft repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Schreurs
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maarten Suttorp
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Shaw KA, Parada SA, Gloystein DM, Devine JG. The Science and Clinical Applications of Placental Tissues in Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2018; 8:629-637. [PMID: 30202718 PMCID: PMC6125928 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217747573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative literature review. OBJECTIVES Placental tissue, amniotic/chorionic membrane, and umbilical cord have seen a recent expansion in their clinical application in various fields of surgery. It is important for practicing surgeons to know the underlying science, especially as it relates to spine surgery, to understand the rationale and clinical indication, if any, for their usage. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify studies reporting the application of placental tissues as it relates to the practicing spine surgeon. Four areas of interest were identified and a comprehensive review was performed of available literature. RESULTS Clinical application of placental tissue holds promise with regard to treatment of intervertebral disc pathology, preventing epidural fibrosis, spinal dysraphism closure, and spinal cord injury; however, there is an overall paucity of high-quality evidence. As such, evidence-based guidelines for its clinical application are currently unavailable. CONCLUSIONS There is no high-level clinical evidence to support the application of placental tissue for spinal surgery, although it does hold promise for several areas of interest for the practicing spine surgeon. High-quality research is needed to define the clinical effectiveness and indications of placental tissue as it relates to spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Aaron Shaw
- Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA,K. Aaron Shaw, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 East Hospital Road, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA.
| | | | | | - John G. Devine
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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15
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Skiles ML, Brown KS, Tatz W, Swingle K, Brown HL. Quantitative analysis of composite umbilical cord tissue health using a standardized explant approach and an assay of metabolic activity. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:564-575. [PMID: 29429941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord (UC) tissue can be collected in a noninvasive procedure and is enriched in progenitor cells with potential therapeutic value. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be reliably harvested from fresh or cryopreserved UC tissue by explant outgrowth with no apparent impact on functionality. A number of stem cell banks offer cryopreservation of UC tissue, alongside cord blood, for future cell-based applications. In this setting, measuring and monitoring UC quality is critical. MATERIALS AND METHODS UC explants were evaluated using a plating and scoring system accounting for cell attachment and proliferation. Explant scores for fresh and cryopreserved-then-thawed tissue from the same UC were compared. Metabolic activity of composite UC tissue was also assayed after exposure of the tissue to conditions anticipated to affect UC quality and compared with explant scores within the same UC. RESULTS All fresh and cryopreserved tissues yielded MSC-like cells, and cryopreservation of the tissue did not prevent the ability to isolate MSCs by the explant method. Thawed UC tissue scores were 91% (±0.6%; P = 0.0009) that of the fresh, biologically identical tissue. Within the same UC, explant scores correlated well to both cell yield (R2 = 0.85) and tissue metabolic activity (R2 = 0.69). DISCUSSION A uniform explant scoring assay can provide information about the quality of composite UC tissue. Such quantitative measurement is useful for analysis of tissue variability and process monitoring. Additionally, a metabolic assay of UC tissue health provides results that correlate well to explant scoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Skiles
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Katherine S Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Tatz
- Laboratory Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristen Swingle
- Consumer Sales and Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heather L Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Couto PS, Bersenev A, Verter F. The first decade of advanced cell therapy clinical trials using perinatal cells (2005-2015). Regen Med 2017; 12:953-968. [PMID: 29139329 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The first review of advanced cell therapy trials with perinatal cells. MATERIALS & METHODS We compiled 281 clinical trials of advanced cell therapy with perinatal cells that were registered in 2005-2015. RESULTS The most common cell source in these trials is cord blood, but the cell type that provides the mechanism of action in the majority of trials is mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. We analyze trends among the 15 parameters we compiled for these trials. CONCLUSION Advanced cell therapy with perinatal cells is a new field that covers a wide range of diagnoses but where most of the trials are early Phase. Researchers in different countries tend to work with a preferred cell source and cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Couto
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, Brookeville, MD 20833, USA
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- Cell Therapy Laboratory at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University, CT 06520, USA
| | - Frances Verter
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Foundation, Brookeville, MD 20833, USA
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17
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Umbilical cord stem cells in the treatment of corneal disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:803-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Saleh R, Reza HM. Short review on human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells and their potential clinical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:222. [PMID: 29017529 PMCID: PMC5634865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human umbilical cord has been studied extensively in the past two decades. It is free of ethical dilemmas, non-tumorigenic, and less immunogenic and thus provides a significant advantage over other stem cell sources. The cord lining yields both mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The mesenchymal cells have been appraised at length by many researchers, which led to the current review focusing on the cord lining epithelial cells (CLECs). These cells have high proliferative capacity and their superior harvest and multiplication, using the revolutionary CellOptimaTM technology, makes them better candidates in comparison to contemporary adult stem cells. Following 30 replication cycles these cells have been observed to retain their stemness, with their phenotype and karyotype intact. However, their remarkable immunosuppressant properties, protecting self as well as co-transplanted allografts from rejection, are what truly define their transplantation potential. They have been successfully applied to many chronic conditions, using animal models, including type 1 diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, burn injuries, and wound healing, etc. with encouraging results. CONCLUSIONS This review first discusses some of the advantages afforded by CLECs over other stem cell lines and then delineates their potential use in various clinical applications. Clinical trials using CLECs are currently underway in the US in collaboration with CellResearch Corp. and their potential positive findings will help garner an FDA approval, likely leading to the eventual commercialization of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razwa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Plot 15, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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19
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Lin X, Lim IY, Wu Y, Teh AL, Chen L, Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, MacIsaac JL, Morin AM, Yap F, Tan KH, Saw SM, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Holbrook JD, Lee YS, Gluckman PD, Karnani N. Developmental pathways to adiposity begin before birth and are influenced by genotype, prenatal environment and epigenome. BMC Med 2017; 15:50. [PMID: 28264723 PMCID: PMC5340003 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an escalating health problem worldwide, and hence the causes underlying its development are of primary importance to public health. There is growing evidence that suboptimal intrauterine environment can perturb the metabolic programing of the growing fetus, thereby increasing the risk of developing obesity in later life. However, the link between early exposures in the womb, genetic susceptibility, and perturbed epigenome on metabolic health is not well understood. In this study, we shed more light on this aspect by performing a comprehensive analysis on the effects of variation in prenatal environment, neonatal methylome, and genotype on birth weight and adiposity in early childhood. METHODS In a prospective mother-offspring cohort (N = 987), we interrogated the effects of 30 variables that influence the prenatal environment, umbilical cord DNA methylation, and genotype on offspring weight and adiposity, over the period from birth to 48 months. This is an interim analysis on an ongoing cohort study. RESULTS Eleven of 30 prenatal environments, including maternal adiposity, smoking, blood glucose and plasma unsaturated fatty acid levels, were associated with birth weight. Polygenic risk scores derived from genetic association studies on adult adiposity were also associated with birth weight and child adiposity, indicating an overlap between the genetic pathways influencing metabolic health in early and later life. Neonatal methylation markers from seven gene loci (ANK3, CDKN2B, CACNA1G, IGDCC4, P4HA3, ZNF423 and MIRLET7BHG) were significantly associated with birth weight, with a subset of these in genes previously implicated in metabolic pathways in humans and in animal models. Methylation levels at three of seven birth weight-linked loci showed significant association with prenatal environment, but none were affected by polygenic risk score. Six of these birth weight-linked loci continued to show a longitudinal association with offspring size and/or adiposity in early childhood. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that developmental pathways to adiposity begin before birth and are influenced by environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. These pathways can have a lasting effect on offspring size, adiposity and future metabolic outcomes, and offer new opportunities for risk stratification and prevention of obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This birth cohort is a prospective observational study, designed to study the developmental origins of health and disease, and was retrospectively registered on 1 July 2010 under the identifier NCT01174875 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Ives Yubin Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Teh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Li Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Shu E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexander M Morin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas University Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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20
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Van Pham P, Bich NV, Phan NK. Umbilical cord-derived stem cells (ModulatistTM) show strong immunomodulation capacity compared to adipose tissue-derived or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Effect of Microenvironment on Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8916534. [PMID: 27088093 PMCID: PMC4764721 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8916534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are considered to be an ideal cell source for cell therapy of many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the microenvironment to the hepatic differentiation potential of hUCMSCs in vitro and in vivo and to explore their therapeutic use in acute liver injury in rats. We established a new model to simulate the liver tissue microenvironment in vivo using liver homogenate supernatant (LHS) in vitro. This induced environment could drive hUCMSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells within 7 days. The differentiated cells expressed hepatocyte-specific markers and demonstrated hepatocellular functions. We also injected hUCMSCs into rats with CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury. The hUCMSCs were detected in the livers of recipient rats and expressed the human hepatocyte-specific markers, suggesting that hUCMSCs could differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vivo in the liver tissue microenvironment. Levels of biochemistry markers improved significantly after transplantation of hUCMSCs compared with the nontransplantation group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the liver tissue microenvironment may contribute to the differentiation of hUCMSCs into hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo.
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22
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Zhang H, Fu W, Xu Z. Re-epithelialization: a key element in tracheal tissue engineering. Regen Med 2015; 10:1005-23. [PMID: 26388452 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachea-tissue engineering is a thriving new field in regenerative medicine that is reaching maturity and yielding numerous promising results. In view of the crucial role that the epithelium plays in the trachea, re-epithelialization of tracheal substitutes has gradually emerged as the focus of studies in tissue-engineered trachea. Recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology, growth factor interactions and transplantation immunobiology offer the prospect of optimization of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. In addition, advances in cell culture technology and successful applications of clinical transplantation are opening up new avenues for the construction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium. Therefore, this review summarizes current advances, unresolved obstacles and future directions in the reconstruction of a tissue-engineered tracheal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Damien P, Allan DS. Regenerative Therapy and Immune Modulation Using Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1545-54. [PMID: 26079441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the first cord blood transplantation in 1988, umbilical cord blood has become an important option as a source of cells for hematopoietic transplantation. Beyond its role in regenerating the blood and immune systems to treat blood diseases and inherited metabolic disorders, the role of nonhematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood has led to new and emerging uses of umbilical cord blood in regenerative therapy and immune modulation. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical and preclinical studies using cord blood-derived cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial-like progenitor cells, and others. We also provide insight on the use of cord blood cells as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents through gene therapy and microvesicle-associated strategies. Moreover, cord blood can provide essential reagents for regenerative applications. Clinical activity using cord blood cells is increasing rapidly and this review aims to provide an important update on the tremendous potential within this fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Damien
- Centre for Transfusion Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Centre for Transfusion Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Unit, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine (Hematology), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Li YQ, Tang Y, Fu R, Meng QH, Zhou X, Ling ZM, Cheng X, Tian SW, Wang GJ, Liu XG, Zhou LH. Efficient labeling in vitro with non-ionic gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent and fluorescent transfection agent in bone marrow stromal cells of neonatal rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:913-20. [PMID: 25816076 PMCID: PMC4438951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies have been undertaken on gadolinium labeling-based molecular imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of non-ionic gadolinium in the tracking of stem cells remains uncommon. To investigate the efficiency in tracking of stem cells with non-ionic gadolinium as an MRI contrast agent, a rhodamine-conjugated fluorescent reagent was used to label bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of neonatal rats in vitro, and MRI scanning was undertaken. The fluorescent-conjugated cell uptake reagents were able to deliver gadodiamide into BMSCs, and cell uptake was verified using flow cytometry. In addition, the labeled stem cells with paramagnetic contrast medium remained detectable by an MRI monitor for a minimum of 28 days. The present study suggested that this method can be applied efficiently and safely for the labeling and tracking of bone marrow stromal cells in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qin Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Hua Meng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Min Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Encephalopathy Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Su-Wei Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Guo Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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25
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Ding DC, Chang YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:339-47. [PMID: 25622293 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human umbilical cord is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). Unlike bone marrow stem cells, HUCMSCs have a painless collection procedure and faster self-renewal properties. Different derivation protocols may provide different amounts and populations of stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been reported in other compartments of the umbilical cord, such as the cord lining, perivascular tissue, and Wharton's jelly. HUCMSCs are noncontroversial sources compared to embryonic stem cells. They can differentiate into the three germ layers that promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses and anticancer properties. Thus, they are attractive autologous or allogenic agents for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant solid and soft cancers. HUCMCs also can be the feeder layer for embryonic stem cells or other pluripotent stem cells. Regarding their therapeutic value, storage banking system and protocols should be established immediately. This review critically evaluates their therapeutic value, challenges, and future directions for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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