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Lofgren L, Nguyen NH, Kennedy P, Pérez-Pazos E, Fletcher J, Liao HL, Wang H, Zhang K, Ruytinx J, Smith AH, Ke YH, Cotter HVT, Engwall E, Hameed KM, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1448-1475. [PMID: 38581203 PMCID: PMC11045321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Lofgren
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Māno, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, USA
| | - Alexander H. Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Van T. Cotter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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2
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Tedersoo L, Drenkhan R, Abarenkov K, Anslan S, Bahram M, Bitenieks K, Buegger F, Gohar D, Hagh‐Doust N, Klavina D, Makovskis K, Zusevica A, Pritsch K, Padari A, Põlme S, Rahimlou S, Rungis D, Mikryukov V. The influence of tree genus, phylogeny, and richness on the specificity, rarity, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13253. [PMID: 38575147 PMCID: PMC10994715 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Partner specificity is a well-documented phenomenon in biotic interactions, yet the factors that determine specificity in plant-fungal associations remain largely unknown. By utilizing composite soil samples, we identified the predictors that drive partner specificity in both plants and fungi, with a particular focus on ectomycorrhizal associations. Fungal guilds exhibited significant differences in overall partner preference and avoidance, richness, and specificity to specific tree genera. The highest level of specificity was observed in root endophytic and ectomycorrhizal associations, while the lowest was found in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The majority of ectomycorrhizal fungal species showed a preference for one of their partner trees, primarily at the plant genus level. Specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi were dominant in belowground communities in terms of species richness and relative abundance. Moreover, all tree genera (and occasionally species) demonstrated a preference for certain fungal groups. Partner specificity was not related to the rarity of fungi or plants or environmental conditions, except for soil pH. Depending on the partner tree genus, specific fungi became more prevalent and relatively more abundant with increasing stand age, tree dominance, and soil pH conditions optimal for the partner tree genus. The richness of partner tree species and increased evenness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in multi-host communities enhanced the species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, it was primarily the partner-generalist fungi that contributed to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in mixed forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Sten Anslan
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Kriss Bitenieks
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Franz Buegger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit Environmental SimulationNeuherbergGermany
| | - Daniyal Gohar
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Niloufar Hagh‐Doust
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Darta Klavina
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Kristaps Makovskis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Austra Zusevica
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit Environmental SimulationNeuherbergGermany
| | - Allar Padari
- Institute of Forestry and EngineeringEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Sergei Põlme
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Dainis Rungis
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava)SalaspilsLatvia
| | - Vladimir Mikryukov
- Mycology and Microbiology CenterUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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3
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Karst J, Jones MD, Hoeksema JD. Positive citation bias and overinterpreted results lead to misinformation on common mycorrhizal networks in forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:501-511. [PMID: 36782032 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-01986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A common mycorrhizal network (CMN) is formed when mycorrhizal fungal hyphae connect the roots of multiple plants of the same or different species belowground. Recently, CMNs have captured the interest of broad audiences, especially with respect to forest function and management. We are concerned, however, that recent claims in the popular media about CMNs in forests are disconnected from evidence, and that bias towards citing positive effects of CMNs has developed in the scientific literature. We first evaluated the evidence supporting three common claims. The claims that CMNs are widespread in forests and that resources are transferred through CMNs to increase seedling performance are insufficiently supported because results from field studies vary too widely, have alternative explanations or are too limited to support generalizations. The claim that mature trees preferentially send resources and defence signals to offspring through CMNs has no peer-reviewed, published evidence. We next examined how the results from CMN research are cited and found that unsupported claims have doubled in the past 25 years; a bias towards citing positive effects may obscure our understanding of the structure and function of CMNs in forests. We conclude that knowledge on CMNs is presently too sparse and unsettled to inform forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Karst
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Melanie D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason D Hoeksema
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Cortese AM, Horton TR. Islands in the shade: scattered ectomycorrhizal trees influence soil inoculum and heterospecific seedling response in a northeastern secondary forest. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:33-44. [PMID: 36752845 PMCID: PMC9907180 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The eastern deciduous forest is a mix of arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees, but land use legacies have increased the abundance of AM trees like Acer spp. (maple). Although these legacies have not changed the abundance of some EM trees like Betula spp. (birch), EM conifers like Tsuga canadensis (hemlock), and Pinus strobus (pine) have declined. We used a soil bioassay to investigate if the microbial community near EM birch (birch soil) contains a greater abundance and diversity of EM fungal propagules compatible with T. canadensis and P. strobus compared to the community associated with the surrounding AM-dominated secondary forest matrix (maple soil). We also tested the effectiveness of inoculation with soil from a nearby EM-dominated old-growth forest as a restoration tool to reintroduce EM fungi into secondary forest soils. Finally, we examined how seedling growth responded to EM fungi associated with each treatment. Seedlings grown with birch soil were colonized by EM fungi mostly absent from the surrounding maple forest. Hemlock seedlings grown with birch soil grew larger than hemlock seedlings grown with maple soil, but pine seedling growth did not differ with soil treatment. The addition of old-growth soil inoculum increased hemlock and pine growth in both soils. Our results found that EM trees are associated with beneficial EM fungi that are mostly absent from the surrounding AM-dominated secondary forest, but inoculation with old-growth soil is effective in promoting the growth of seedlings by reintroducing native EM fungi to the AM-dominated forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Cortese
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas R Horton
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
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5
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McMahen K, Guichon SHA, Anglin CD, Lavkulich LM, Grayston SJ, Simard SW. Soil microbial legacies influence plant survival and growth in mine reclamation. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9473. [PMID: 36381393 PMCID: PMC9661428 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants alter soil biological communities, generating ecosystem legacies that affect the performance of successive plants, influencing plant community assembly and successional trajectories. Yet, our understanding of how microbe‐mediated soil legacies influence plant establishment is limited for primary successional systems and forest ecosystems, particularly for ectomycorrhizal plants. In a two‐phase greenhouse experiment using primary successional mine reclamation materials with or without forest soil additions, we conditioned soil with an early successional shrub with low mycorrhizal dependence (willow, Salix scouleriana) and a later‐successional ectomycorrhizal conifer (spruce, Picea engelmannii × glauca). The same plant species and later‐successional plants (spruce and/or redcedar, Thuja plicata, a mid‐ to late‐successional arbuscular mycorrhizal conifer) were grown as legacy‐phase seedlings in conditioned soils and unconditioned control soils. Legacy effects were evaluated based on seedling survival and biomass, and the abundance and diversity of root fungal symbionts and pathogens. We found negative intraspecific (same‐species) soil legacies for willow associated with pathogen accumulation, but neutral to positive intraspecific legacies in spruce associated with increased mycorrhizal fungal colonization and diversity. Our findings support research showing that soil legacy effects vary with plant nutrient acquisition strategy, with plants with low mycorrhizal dependence experiencing negative feedbacks and ectomycorrhizal plants experiencing positive feedbacks. Soil legacy effects of willow on next‐stage successional species (spruce and redcedar) were negative, potentially due to allelopathy, while ectomycorrhizal spruce had neutral to negative legacy effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal redcedar, likely due to the trees not associating with compatible mycorrhizae. Thus, positive biological legacies may be limited to scenarios where mycorrhizal‐dependent plants grow in soil containing legacies of compatible mycorrhizae. We found that soil legacies influenced plant performance in mine reclamation materials with and without forest soil additions, indicating that initial restoration actions may potentially exert long‐term effects on plant community composition, even in primary successional soils with low microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie McMahen
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Shannon H. A. Guichon
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - C. D. Anglin
- Anglin and Associates Consulting North Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Les M. Lavkulich
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Susan J. Grayston
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Suzanne W. Simard
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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6
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Authier L, Violle C, Richard F. Ectomycorrhizal Networks in the Anthropocene: From Natural Ecosystems to Urban Planning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900231. [PMID: 35845640 PMCID: PMC9280895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees acquire hydric and mineral soil resources through root mutualistic associations. In most boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forests, these functions are realized by a chimeric structure called ectomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are highly diversified and vary widely in their specificity toward plant hosts. Reciprocally, association patterns of ECM plants range from highly specialist to generalist. As a consequence, ECM symbiosis creates interaction networks, which also mediate plant-plant nutrient interactions among different individuals and drive plant community dynamics. Our knowledge of ECM networks essentially relies on a corpus acquired in temperate ecosystems, whereas the below-ground facets of both anthropogenic ECM forests and inter-tropical forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we successively (1) review the current knowledge of ECM networks, (2) examine the content of early literature produced in ECM cultivated forests, (3) analyze the recent progress that has been made in understanding the place of ECM networks in urban soils, and (4) provide directions for future research based on the identification of knowledge gaps. From the examined corpus of knowledge, we reach three main conclusions. First, the emergence of metabarcoding tools has propelled a resurgence of interest in applying network theory to ECM symbiosis. These methods revealed an unexpected interconnection between mutualistic plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) herbaceous plants, embedding ECM mycelia through root-endophytic interactions. This affinity of ECM fungi to bind VA and ECM plants, raises questions on the nature of the associated functions. Second, despite the central place of ECM trees in cultivated forests, little attention has been paid to these man-made landscapes and in-depth research on this topic is lacking. Third, we report a lag in applying the ECM network theory to urban soils, despite management initiatives striving to interconnect motile organisms through ecological corridors, and the highly challenging task of interconnecting fixed organisms in urban greenspaces is discussed. In particular, we observe a pauperized nature of resident ECM inoculum and a spatial conflict between belowground human pipelines and ECM networks. Finally, we identify the main directions of future research to make the needed link between the current picture of plant functioning and the understanding of belowground ECM networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Authier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
- Ilex Paysage + Urbanisme, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Richard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD, Montpellier, France
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7
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Kutos S, Barnes EM, Bhutada A, Lewis JD. Preferential associations of soil fungal taxa under mixed compositions of eastern American tree species. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6581587. [PMID: 35521705 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi are vital to forest ecosystem function, in part through their role mediating tree responses to environmental factors, as well as directly through effects on resource cycling. While the distribution of soil fungi can vary with abiotic factors, plant species identity is also known to affect community composition. However, the particular influence that a plant will have on its soil microbiota remains difficult to predict. Here, we paired amplicon sequencing and enzymatic assays to assess soil fungal composition and function under three tree species, Quercus rubra, Betula nigra, and Acer rubrum, planted individually and in all combinations in a greenhouse. We observed that fungal communities differed between each of the individual planted trees, suggesting at least some fungal taxa may associate preferentially with these tree species. Additionally, fungal community composition under mixed-tree plantings broadly differed from the individual planted trees, suggesting mixing of these distinct soil fungal communities. The data also suggest that there were larger enzymatic activities in the individual plantings as compared to all mixed-tree plantings which may be due to variations in fungal community composition. This study provides further evidence of the importance of tree identity on soil microbiota and functional changes to forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kutos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Elle M Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Arnav Bhutada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - J D Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
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8
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Pérez-Pazos E, Certano A, Gagne J, Lebeuf R, Siegel N, Nguyen N, Kennedy PG. The slippery nature of ectomycorrhizal host specificity: Suillus fungi associated with novel pinoid ( Picea) and abietoid ( Abies) hosts. Mycologia 2021; 113:891-901. [PMID: 34236933 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1921525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Suillus is among the best-known examples of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal genus that demonstrates a high degree of host specificity. Currently recognized host genera of Suillus include Larix, Pinus, and Pseudotsuga, which all belong to the pinoid clade of the family Pinaceae. Intriguingly, Suillus sporocarps have been sporadically collected in forests in which known hosts from these genera are locally absent. To determine the capacity of Suillus to associate with alternative hosts in both the pinoid and abietoid clades of Pinaceae, we examined the host associations of two Suillus species (S. punctatipes and S. glandulosus) through field-based root tip sampling and seedling bioassays. Root tip collections underneath Suillus sporocarps were molecularly identified (fungi: nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 [ITS barcode]; plant: trnL) to assess the association with multiple hosts. The bioassays contained both single- and two-species treatments, including a primary (Larix or Pseudotsuga) and a secondary (Picea, Pinus, or Abies) host. For the S. punctatipes bioassay, an additional treatment in which the primary host was removed after 8 mo was included to assess the effect of primary host presence on longer-term ECM colonization. The field-based results confirmed that Suillus fungi were able to associate with Abies and Tsuga hosts, representing novel host genera for this genus. In the bioassays, colonization on the primary hosts was detected in both single- and two-species treatments, but no colonization was present when Picea and Abies hosts were grown alone. Removal of a primary host had no effect on percent ECM colonization, suggesting that primary hosts are not necessary for sustaining Suillus colonization once they are successfully established on secondary hosts. Collectively, our results indicate that host specificity is more flexible in this genus than previously acknowledged and help to explain the presence of Suillus in forests where recognized hosts are not present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Amanda Certano
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Joe Gagne
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Renée Lebeuf
- Cercle des mycologues de Lanaudière et de la Mauricie, Saint-Casimir, Québec G0A 3L0, Canada
| | | | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Hawaii 96822
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
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9
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Truffles: Biodiversity, Ecological Significances, and Biotechnological Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Ori F, Leonardi M, Faccio A, Sillo F, Iotti M, Pacioni G, Balestrini R. Synthesis and ultrastructural observation of arbutoid mycorrhizae of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum). MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:715-723. [PMID: 33079241 PMCID: PMC7591440 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbutus unedo (the strawberry tree) is a Mediterranean shrub which forms arbutoid mycorrhizae with a variety of Asco- and Basidiomycetes. After the discovery of the mycorrhizal symbiosis between A. unedo and Tuber borchii, in this study, arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthetized in greenhouse with Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum. Six months after inoculation, both species colonized the roots of all inoculated A. unedo seedlings, but mature mycorrhizae were only observed after 12 months. Ultrastructure analysis of Tuber arbutoid mycorrhizae was described for the first time, showing, as observed in typical endosymbiosis, a rearrangement of host cells and the creation of an interface compartment with both truffle species. Immunolabelling experiments suggested that pectins are not present in the interface matrix surrounding the intracellular hyphae. Thus, the ability to establish symbiosis with A. unedo seems to be a common feature in the genus Tuber, opening up the possibility to use this plant for mycorrhization with valuable truffles. This could represent an important economic opportunity in Mediterranean areas by combining the production of truffles, edible fruits and valued honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ori
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Faccio
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mirco Iotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pacioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
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11
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Kennedy PG, Gagne J, Perez-Pazos E, Lofgren LA, Nguyen NH. Does fungal competitive ability explain host specificity or rarity in ectomycorrhizal symbioses? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234099. [PMID: 32810132 PMCID: PMC7433872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two common ecological assumptions are that host generalist and rare species are poorer competitors relative to host specialist and more abundant counterparts. While these assumptions have received considerable study in both plant and animals, how they apply to ectomycorrhizal fungi remains largely unknown. To investigate how interspecific competition may influence the anomalous host associations of the rare ectomycorrhizal generalist fungus, Suillus subaureus, we conducted a seedling bioassay. Pinus strobus seedlings were inoculated in single- or two-species treatments of three Suillus species: S. subaureus, S. americanus, and S. spraguei. After 4 and 8 months of growth, seedlings were harvested and scored for mycorrhizal colonization as well as dry biomass. At both time points, we found a clear competitive hierarchy among the three ectomycorrhizal fungal species: S. americanus > S. subaureus > S. spraguei, with the competitive inferior, S. spraguei, having significantly delayed colonization relative to S. americanus and S. subaureus. In the single-species treatments, we found no significant differences in the dry biomasses of P. strobus seedlings colonized by each Suillus species, suggesting none was a more effective plant symbiont. Taken together, these results indicate that the rarity and anomalous host associations exhibited by S. subaureus in natural settings are not driven by inherently poor competitive ability or host growth promotion, but that the timing of colonization is a key factor determining the outcome of ectomycorrhizal fungal competitive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joe Gagne
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Perez-Pazos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lotus A. Lofgren
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Hawai’i, Manoa, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
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12
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Discovery of Rhizopogon associated with Larix from northeastern Siberia: Insights into host shift of ectomycorrhizal fungi. MYCOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Mujic AB, Huang B, Chen MJ, Wang PH, Gernandt DS, Hosaka K, Spatafora JW. Out of western North America: Evolution of the Rhizopogon-Pseudotsuga symbiosis inferred by genome-scale sequence typing. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Esteve-Raventós F, Bandini D, Oertel B, González V, Moreno G, Olariaga I. Advances in the knowledge of the Inocybe mixtilis group ( Inocybaceae, Agaricomycetes), through molecular and morphological studies. PERSOONIA 2018; 41:213-236. [PMID: 30728606 PMCID: PMC6344818 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.41.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inocybe mixtilis constitutes a complex of species characterized by nodulose-angulose spores, absence of cortina and a more or less bulbous marginate stipe that is not darkening when desiccated. In order to elucidate species limits within the I. mixtilis complex, an ITS-RPB2 phylogeny was performed and interpreted using morphological and ecological characters. Six supported clades were obtained in our analyses that correspond to I. mixtilis, I. subtrivialis, and four new species to science: I. ceskae, I. johannis-stanglii, I. nothomixtilis and I. occulta. Species within this complex can be morphologically recognized through a unique combination of morphological characters, such as the spore shape, cystidial length and shape, presence and development of the velipellis and pileus colour and viscidity. Nevertheless, those characters overlap, especially among I. mixtilis, I. ceskae and I. occulta, and intermediate collections are therefore more reliably identified through ITS-sequencing. Two species, I. ceskae and I. occulta are present in both North America and Europe, while the rest are so far only known in Europe, or Europe and Asia (I. mixtilis). All species, except I. johannis-stanglii, seem to be able to establish ectomycorrhizal association both with conifers and angiosperms. Descriptions, colour illustrations and a key to all known species in the I. mixtilis group are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Esteve-Raventós
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Area de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - D. Bandini
- Panoramastr. 47, 69257 Wiesenbach, Germany
| | - B. Oertel
- Höhenweg 15, D-53347 Alfter, Germany
| | - V. González
- Unidad de Sanidad Vegetal-Micología, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G. Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Area de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - I. Olariaga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Area de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, King Juan Carlos University, c/ Tulipan 28933, Móstoles, Spain
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15
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Kennedy PG, Mielke LA, Nguyen NH. Ecological responses to forest age, habitat, and host vary by mycorrhizal type in boreal peatlands. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:315-328. [PMID: 29504037 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite covering vast areas of boreal North America, the ecological factors structuring mycorrhizal fungal communities in peatland forests are relatively poorly understood. To assess how these communities vary by age (younger vs. mature), habitat (fen vs. bog), and host (conifer trees vs. ericaceous shrub), we sampled the roots of two canopy trees (Larix laricina and Picea mariana) and an ericaceous shrub (Ledum groenlandicum) at four sites in northern Minnesota, USA. To characterize the specific influence of host co-occurrence on mycorrhizal fungal community structure, we also conducted a greenhouse bioassay using the same three hosts. Root samples were assessed using Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the ITS1 rRNA gene region. As expected, we found that the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi was high on both Larix and Picea, whereas ericoid mycorrhizal fungi had high relative abundance only on Ledum. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungal richness was significantly higher in mature forests, in bogs, and on Ledum hosts, while ectomycorrhizal fungal richness did not differ significantly across any of these three variables. In terms of community composition, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were more strongly influenced by host while ectomycorrhizal fungi were more influenced by habitat. In the greenhouse bioassay, the presence of Ledum had consistently stronger effects on the composition of ectomycorrhizal, ericoid, and ericoid-ectomycorrhizal fungal communities than either Larix or Picea. Collectively, these results suggest that partitioning HTS-based datasets by mycorrhizal type in boreal peatland forests is important, as their responses to rapidly changing environmental conditions are not likely to be uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Louis A Mielke
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai'i-Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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16
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Baeza-Guzmán Y, Medel-Ortiz R, Garibay-Orijel R. Caracterización morfológica y genética de los hongos ectomicorrízicos asociados a bosques de Pinus hartwegii en el Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, Veracruz. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Toju H, Tanabe AS, Ishii HS. Ericaceous plant-fungus network in a harsh alpine-subalpine environment. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3242-57. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Toju
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - A. S. Tanabe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science; Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency; 2-12-4 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-8648 Japan
| | - H. S. Ishii
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
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18
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Corrales A, Arnold AE, Ferrer A, Turner BL, Dalling JW. Variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in a Neotropical montane forest. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:1-17. [PMID: 25940407 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical montane forests are often dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species, yet the diversity of their EM fungal communities remains poorly explored. In lower montane forests in western Panama, the EM tree species Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) forms locally dense populations in forest otherwise characterized by trees that form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations. The objective of this study was to compare the composition of EM fungal communities associated with Oreomunnea adults, saplings, and seedlings across sites differing in soil fertility and the amount and seasonality of rainfall. Analysis of fungal nrITS DNA (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers) revealed 115 EM fungi taxa from 234 EM root tips collected from adults, saplings, and seedlings in four sites. EM fungal communities were equally species-rich and diverse across Oreomunnea developmental stages and sites, regardless of soil conditions or rainfall patterns. However, ordination analysis revealed high compositional turnover between low and high fertility/rainfall sites located ca. 6 km apart. The EM fungal community was dominated by Russula (ca. 36 taxa). Cortinarius, represented by 14 species and previously reported to extract nitrogen from organic sources under low nitrogen availability, was found only in low fertility/high rainfall sites. Phylogenetic diversity analyses of Russula revealed greater evolutionary distance among taxa found on sites with contrasting fertility and rainfall than was expected by chance, suggesting that environmental differences among sites may be important in structuring EM fungal communities. More research is needed to evaluate whether EM fungal taxa associated with Oreomunnea form mycorrhizal networks that might account for local dominance of this tree species in otherwise diverse forest communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Corrales
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Astrid Ferrer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - James W Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
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19
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Hwang J, Zhao Q, Yang ZL, Wang Z, Townsend JP. Solving the ecological puzzle of mycorrhizal associations using data from annotated collections and environmental samples - an example of saddle fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:658-667. [PMID: 26033481 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relation between ecological and genetic divergence of Helvella species (saddle fungi) has been perplexing. While a few species have been clearly demonstrated to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, ecological roles of many other species have been controversial, alternately considered as either saprotrophic or mycorrhizal. We applied SATé to build an inclusive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence alignment for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of annotated Helvella species and related environmental sequences. Phylogenetic informativeness of ITS and its regions were assessed using PhyDesign. Mycorrhizal lineages present a diversity of ecology, host type and geographic distribution. In two Helvella clades, no Helvella ITS sequences were recovered from root tips. Inclusion of environmental sequences in the ITS phylogeny from these sequences has the potential to link these data and reveal Helvella ecology. This study can serve as a model for revealing the diversity of relationships between unculturable fungi and their potential plant hosts. How non-mycorrhizal life styles within Helvella evolved will require expanded metagenomic investigation of soil and other environmental samples along with study of Helvella genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hwang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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20
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Taschen E, Sauve M, Taudiere A, Parlade J, Selosse MA, Richard F. Whose truffle is this? Distribution patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in T
uber melanosporum
brûlés developed in multi-host Mediterranean plant communities. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2747-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taschen
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Mathieu Sauve
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Adrien Taudiere
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Javier Parlade
- Sustainable Plant Protection; IRTA; Centre de Cabrils, Ctra. Cabrils km. 2 Cabrils, Barcelona 08348 Spain
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205 ISYEB); Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; CP 50, 45 rue Buffon Paris 75005 France
| | - Franck Richard
- UMR 5175; CEFE; CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 1919 route de Mende Montpellier 34293 France
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21
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Kühdorf K, Münzenberger B, Begerow D, Gómez-Laurito J, Hüttl RF. Leotia cf. lubrica forms arbutoid mycorrhiza with Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:109-20. [PMID: 25033922 PMCID: PMC4305366 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arbutoid mycorrhizal plants are commonly found as understory vegetation in forests worldwide where ectomycorrhiza-forming trees occur. Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) is a tropical woody plant and common in tropical Central America. This plant forms arbutoid mycorrhiza, whereas only associations with Leccinum monticola as well as Sebacina sp. are described so far. We collected arbutoid mycorrhizas of C. arbutoides from the Cerro de la Muerte (Cordillera de Talamanca), Costa Rica, where this plant species grows together with Quercus costaricensis. We provide here the first evidence of mycorrhizal status for the Ascomycete Leotia cf. lubrica (Helotiales) that was so far under discussion as saprophyte or mycorrhizal. This fungus formed arbutoid mycorrhiza with C. arbutoides. The morphotype was described morphologically and anatomically. Leotia cf. lubrica was identified using molecular methods, such as sequencing the internal-transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA regions, as well as phylogenetic analyses. Specific plant primers were used to confirm C. arbutoides as the host plant of the leotioid mycorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kühdorf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany,
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22
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Bogar LM, Dickie IA, Kennedy PG. Testing the co-invasion hypothesis: ectomycorrhizal fungal communities onAlnus glutinosaandSalix fragilisin New Zealand. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; 371 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; Box 85084 Lincoln New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Box 69040 Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology; 250 Biological Science Center; University of Minnesota; 1445 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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23
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Molina R, Horton TR. Mycorrhiza Specificity: Its Role in the Development and Function of Common Mycelial Networks. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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24
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Huggins JA, Talbot J, Gardes M, Kennedy PG. Unlocking environmental keys to host specificity: differential tolerance of acidity and nitrate by Alnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Obase K, Matsuda Y. Culturable fungal endophytes in roots of Enkianthus campanulatus (Ericaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:635-644. [PMID: 24795166 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Roots of plants in the genus Enkianthus, which belongs to the earliest diverging lineage in the Ericaceae, are commonly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We documented the community of fungal root endophytes associated with Enkianthus species using a culture-based method for better understanding the members of root-colonizing fungi, except for AM fungi. Fungal isolates were successfully obtained from 610 out of 3,599 (16.9 %) root segments. Molecular analysis of fungal cultures based on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences yielded 63 operational taxonomical units (OTUs: 97 % sequence similarity cutoff) from 315 representative isolates. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that most (296 isolates) belonged to Ascomycota and were either members of Helotiales (Dermataceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Phialocephala and Rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate), Oidiodendron, or other Pezizomycotina. Twenty-three out of 63 OTUs, which mainly consisted of Leotiomycetes, showed high similarities with reference sequences derived from roots of other ericaceous plants such as Rhododendron. The results indicated that Enkianthus houses variable root mycobionts including putative endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi in addition to AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obase
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, 2523 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0680, USA,
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26
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Lancellotti E, Iotti M, Zambonelli A, Franceschini A. Characterization of Tuber borchii and Arbutus unedo mycorrhizas. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:481-486. [PMID: 24535602 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, arbutoid mycorrhizas established between Tuber borchii and Arbutus unedo were described. Analyzed mycorrhizas were from one T. borchii natural truffle ground, dominated by Pinus pinea, as well as synthesized in greenhouse conditions. A. unedo mycorrhizas presented some typical characteristics of ectomycorrhizas of T. borchii. However, as in arbutoid mycorrhizas, ramification was cruciform and intracellular colonization in epidermal cells was present. The ability of T. borchii to form ectomycorrhizas with A. unedo opens up the possibility to also use this fruit plant for truffle cultivation. This represents an important economic opportunity in Mediterranean areas by combining both the cultivation of precious truffles and the production of edible fruits which are used fresh or in food delicacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lancellotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy,
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27
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Nguyen NH, Landeros F, Garibay-Orijel R, Hansen K, Vellinga EC. The Helvella lacunosa species complex in western North America: cryptic species, misapplied names and parasites. Mycologia 2013; 105:1275-86. [PMID: 23709487 DOI: 10.3852/12-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on morphology, fungal species have been considered widespread and as a result names of species from Europe or eastern North America were applied to species in western North America. However, DNA sequences have shown that many western taxa are different from their European counterparts; one such case is presented here. Comparisons of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences from ectomycorrhizal root tips and ascomata of specimens identified as Helvella lacunosa from North America, Europe and Asia revealed that the taxa from western North America and Mexico formed a well supported clade different from the eastern North American, European and Asian taxa. Within this western North American clade there are at least four taxa. Here we describe two of these western taxa as new species: Helvella vespertina and Helvella dryophila. Helvella vespertina is a bigger version of H. lacunosa, is variable in hymenial color and shape and forms ectomycorrhizae with conifers; it fruits typically Oct-Jan. Helvella dryophila is characterized by a dark almost black, squat pileus, a light stipe when young, medium size and forms ectomycorrhizae with Quercus species; it fruits Jan-Jun. Due to insufficient material, the two other Helvella taxa are discussed but not formally described here. We also examined the Hypomyces and other mycoparasites associated with the ascomata of Helvella species and discuss misleadingly labeled sequences in public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu H Nguyen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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28
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Bogar LM, Kennedy PG. New wrinkles in an old paradigm: neighborhood effects can modify the structure and specificity ofAlnus-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 83:767-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Lewis and Clark College; Portland; OR; USA
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Biology; Lewis and Clark College; Portland; OR; USA
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