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Zucconi L, Cavallini G, Canini F. Trends in Antarctic soil fungal research in the context of environmental changes. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01333-x. [PMID: 38652442 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antarctic soils represent one of the most pristine environments on Earth, where highly adapted and often endemic microbial species withstand multiple extremes. Specifically, fungal diversity is extremely low in Antarctic soils and species distribution and diversity are still not fully characterized in the continent. Despite the unique features of this environment and the international interest in its preservation, several factors pose severe threats to the conservation of inhabiting ecosystems. In this light, we aimed to provide an overview of the effects on fungal communities of the main changes endangering the soils of the continent. Among these, the increasing human presence, both for touristic and scientific purposes, has led to increased use of fuels for transport and energy supply, which has been linked to an increase in unintentional environmental contamination. It has been reported that several fungal species have evolved cellular processes in response to these soil contamination episodes, which may be exploited for restoring contaminated areas at low temperatures. Additionally, the effects of climate change are another significant threat to Antarctic ecosystems, with the expected merging of previously isolated ecosystems and their homogenization. A possible reduction of biodiversity due to the disappearance of well-adapted, often endemic species, as well as an increase of biodiversity, due to the spreading of non-native, more competitive species have been suggested. Despite some studies describing the specialization of fungal communities and their correlation with environmental parameters, our comprehension of how soil communities may respond to these changes remains limited. The majority of studies attempting to precisely define the effects of climate change, including in situ and laboratory simulations, have mainly focused on the bacterial components of these soils, and further studies are necessary, including the other biotic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
- National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Cavallini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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2
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Piñuela Y, Alday JG, Oliach D, Castaño C, Büntgen U, Egli S, Martínez Peña F, Dashevskaya S, Colinas C, Peter M, Bonet JA. Habitat is more important than climate for structuring soil fungal communities associated in truffle sites. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1724-1734. [PMID: 38575246 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal fungi Tuber melanosporum Vittad. and Tuber aestivum Vittad. produce highly valuable truffles, but little is known about the soil fungal communities associated with these truffle species in places where they co-occur. Here, we compared soil fungal communities present in wild and planted truffle sites, in which T. melanosporum and T. aestivum coexist, in Mediterranean and temperate regions over three sampling seasons spanning from 2018 to 2019. We showed that soil fungal community composition and ectomycorrhizal species composition are driven by habitat type rather than climate regions. Also, we observed the influence of soil pH, organic matter content and C:N ratio structuring total and ectomycorrhizal fungal assemblages. Soil fungal communities in wild sites revealed more compositional variability than those of plantations. Greater soil fungal diversity was found in temperate compared to Mediterranean sites when considering all fungal guilds. Ectomycorrhizal diversity was significantly higher in wild sites compared to plantations. Greater mould abundance at wild sites than those on plantation was observed while tree species and seasonal effects were not significant predictors in fungal community structure. Our results suggested a strong influence of both ecosystem age and management on the fungal taxa composition in truffle habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Piñuela
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Josu G Alday
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain; Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Oliach
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
| | - Carles Castaño
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Czech Globe Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Martínez Peña
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon CITA, Montañana 930, E-50059, Zaragoza, Spain; European Mycological Institute EGTC-EMI, E-42003, Soria, Spain
| | - Svetlana Dashevskaya
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Carlos Colinas
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
| | - Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - José Antonio Bonet
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198, Spain; Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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3
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Schmoll M, Esquivel-Ayala BA, González-Esquivel CE, Rocha-Ramírez V, Larsen J. Mechanisms for plant growth promotion activated by Trichoderma in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127621. [PMID: 38295679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are free-living fungi present in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. These soil fungi can stimulate plant growth and increase plant nutrient acquisition of macro- and micronutrients and water uptake. Generally, plant growth promotion by Trichoderma is a consequence of the activity of potent fungal signaling metabolites diffused in soil with hormone-like activity, including indolic compounds as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced at concentrations ranging from 14 to 234 μg l-1, and volatile organic compounds such as sesquiterpene isoprenoids (C15), 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) and ethylene (ET) produced at levels from 10 to 120 ng over a period of six days, which in turn, might impact plant endogenous signaling mechanisms orchestrated by plant hormones. Plant growth stimulation occurs without the need of physical contact between both organisms and/or during root colonization. When associated with plants Trichoderma may cause significant biochemical changes in plant content of carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids and lipids, as detected in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which may improve the plant health status during the complete life cycle. Trichoderma-induced plant beneficial effects such as mechanisms of defense and growth are likely to be inherited to the next generations. Depending on the environmental conditions perceived by the fungus during its interaction with plants, Trichoderma can reprogram and/or activate molecular mechanisms commonly modulated by IAA, ET and abscisic acid (ABA) to induce an adaptative physiological response to abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, or environmental pollution. This review, provides a state of the art overview focused on the canonical mechanisms of these beneficial fungi involved in plant growth promotion traits under different environmental scenarios and shows new insights on Trichoderma metabolites from different chemical classes that can modulate specific plant growth aspects. Also, we suggest new research directions on Trichoderma spp. and their secondary metabolites with biological activity on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Monika Schmoll
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca Alicia Esquivel-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio B4, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos E González-Esquivel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Victor Rocha-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - John Larsen
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Baz AM, Elwy E, Ahmed WA, El-Sayed H. Metabolic profiling, antimicrobial, anticancer, and in vitro and in silico immunomodulatory investigation of Aspergillus niger OR730979 isolated from the Western Desert, Egypt. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00503-z. [PMID: 38506948 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ten fungal species were isolated from soil in the Western Desert and Wadi El-Natron in Egypt. All fungal isolates were morphologically recognized down to the species level. Methanol extracts of fungal mycelia and ethyl acetate extracts of culture filtrate from the isolated fungi were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacteria and one pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans ATCC20231). Only ethyl acetate extracts of Fusarium circinatum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus culture filtrates showed significant antimicrobial activity against the majority of the investigated pathogens. The culture filtrate extract of Aspergillus niger exhibited notable cytotoxicity towards the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line, with the lowest detected IC50 recorded at 8 μg/μl. Whereas Fusarium circinatum and Aspergillus terreus had IC50s of 15.91 μg/μl and 18 μg/μl, respectively. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) investigation of A. niger's potent extract revealed 23 compounds with different biological activities. Glycidyleoleate was found to be the main extract component. Aspergillus niger extract was chosen to study its possible cytotoxic mechanism. The extract was found to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the < 2n stage. Despite a significant increase in caspases 8 and 9, the production levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have shown a significant decrease. The high interaction of glycidyleoleate against the studied cytokines' binding receptors was demonstrated via docking studies. In conclusion, the available data revealed that the culture filtrate extract of A. niger possesses promising antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Baz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esmat Elwy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Nandakumar K, Anto PV, Antony I. Diversity of soil fungi from sacred groves of Kerala, India revealed by comparative metagenomics analysis using illumina sequencing. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38371901 PMCID: PMC10873253 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity, composition, and abundance of soil fungi from three sacred groves in Kerala, namely Iringole kavu of Ernakulam District, Kollakal Thapovanam of Alappuzha District, and Poyilkavu of Kozhikode District were analysed using Metagenomics analysis and Illumina sequencing. A total of 30,584, 78,323, and 55,640 reads were obtained from these groves, respectively. Ascomycota constitutes over 96% of the total fungi, making it the most abundant phylum, followed by Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Rozellomycota. These phyla were subdivided into 20 classes, 40 orders, 83 families, 119 genera, and 135 species, while 1269 OTUs remained unidentified at the species level. Eurotiomycetes predominates the class, while the genus Talaromyces from the family Trichomaceae dominates the genera. Neocarmospora falciformis, Trichoderma lixii, and Candida ethanolic are the most abundant fungal species. Diversity analysis shows that Kollakal Thapovanam is rich in fungal species, while Poyilkavu is rich in biodiversity, with a high degree of dominance. Several species were found only in a particular grove and were absent in others and vice-versa, indicating high fungal specificity. Therefore, fungi have to be preserved in their original habitat. The Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed that each grove is distinct highlighting the importance of preserving the unique diversity of each sacred grove. In conclusion, this research provides valuable information about the soil fungal genera in their natural habitat. It emphasizes the need for more systematic research to understand the actual diversity and ecological role of fungi in sacred groves. This study is the first of its kind to analyse and compare soil fungal diversity in sacred groves using the metagenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Nandakumar
- Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala India
| | - P. V. Anto
- Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala India
| | - Ignatius Antony
- Department of Botany, St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala India
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Chen S, Sun Y, Wang Y, Luo G, Ran J, Zeng T, Zhang P. Grazing weakens the linkages between plants and soil biotic communities in the alpine grassland. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169417. [PMID: 38143005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing alters the diversity and composition of plants and soil biota in grassland ecosystems. However, whether and how grazing affects plant-soil biota interactions are limited. Here, we performed a field investigation on the Tibetan grasslands to determine the relationships between plant community properties (biomass, diversity and richness) and soil biota (abundance, diversity and composition of bacteria, fungi and nematodes) in the long-term yak grazing and ungrazed plots, and responses of plant-soil biota linkages to grazing in alpine meadows and alpine swampy meadows were compared. The results found that grazing did not cause significant changes in plant community properties but increased the soil water content. Further, grazing weakened plant-soil microbes/nematode relationships in alpine meadows. The bacterial and fungal abundances were correlated with plant belowground biomass and Simpson index in the ungrazed plots of alpine meadows, while the correlation was not significant under grazing. Bacterial composition was correlated with plant richness only in the ungrazed meadows. Plant-soil nematode linkages were more sensitive to grazing than plant-microbes linkages. Grazing decoupled the relationships between the abundances of nematode trophic groups and plant aboveground biomass, richness and Simpson index in alpine meadows, while the decoupling phenomenon is less evident in alpine swampy meadows. The SEM results indicate that grazing altered the plant above- and belowground biomass to affect the soil nematode community, while influenced soil microbes only through alterations of plant belowground biomass. The findings highlight the importance of grazing in influencing the interactions between aboveground plant communities and soil biological communities in Tibetan grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangdan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Zhejiang SeeGene Biotechnology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gai Luo
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Chen L, Wei Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Xue Y, Feng Q. Afforestation changed the fungal functional community of paddy fields and dry farmlands differently. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166758. [PMID: 37673251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation currently makes a great contribution to carbon uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, while dramatically affects soil ecosystem functions too. Little is known, however, about the changes in soil fungal functional groups and their interactions following afforestation. Here, based on high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild annotation, we investigated the functional characteristics of soil fungi as well as environmental factors in a watershed where paddy field and dry farmland were changed to eucalyptus plantation. The results showed that afforestation on paddy field resulted in greater changes in diversity, community structure and taxon interactions of fungal functional groups than afforestation on dry farmland. The most complex and distinctive community structure was found in eucalyptus plantation, as well as the greatest taxon interactions, and the lowest alpha-diversity of functional guilds of symbiotrophic fungi because of the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi. Paddy field exhibited the highest proportion of saprotrophic fungi, but the lowest taxonomic diversity of saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi. The taxonomic diversity of undefined saprotrophic fungi shaped the differences in community structure and network complexity between eucalyptus plantation and cropland. Limited cooperation within dominant fungi was the main reason for the establishment of a loose co-occurrence network in paddy field. From croplands to artificial forests, reduced soil pH boosted the taxonomic diversity of fungal functional groups. All of these findings suggested that afforestation may lead to an increase in the taxonomic diversity of soil fungal functional groups, which would further intensify the taxon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yinjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yongping Wei
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chen K, Xing S, Shi H, Tang Y, Yang M, Gu Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Ji B. Long-term fencing can't benefit plant and microbial network stability of alpine meadow and alpine steppe in Three-River-Source National Park. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166076. [PMID: 37558078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A great number of fencing facilities has been established in Three-River-Source National Park. However, with the transformation of wild animals into the main consumers of grassland ecosystem and the increasing years of fence (>15 years), whether the fence still has a positive effect on grassland ecosystem has become controversial. Therefore, taking the alpine steppe and alpine meadow in Three-River-Source National Park as the case study, this study focused on the effects of long-term enclosure on different ecological components by investigating plant communities, soil physical and chemical characteristics and soil microbial characteristics (16S, ITS). Furthermore, we evaluated the ecological benefits of long-term fencing based on the stability of plant communities and microbial networks. We found that fencing did not significantly promote the stability of plant community in different grassland types. The analysis of bacteria-fungal symbiotic network indicated that fencing significantly reduced the stability of soil microbial network in alpine meadows. The results of structural equation showed that the microbial community was indirectly affected by the changes of soil moisture content (SMC) and soil total nutrient content in the alpine steppe, and the stability of microbial network was significantly correlated with the diversity of fungal community. In alpine meadows, fencing indirectly affected soil microbial community by changing SMC and pH. High SMC was not conducive to microbial network stability, while high plant community stability was beneficial to microbial network stability. Network stability was remarkably related to bacterial community composition and diversity, as well as fungal community diversity. Therefore, in Three-River-Source National Park, the positive effects of long-term fencing on various components in different grassland types are weak, especially the negative effects on the stability of soil microbial community in alpine meadows may also weaken the stability of the ecosystem, which is not conducive to the ecological protection of grassland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sen Xing
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailan Shi
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingxin Yang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Xining Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xining, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Xining Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Xining, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zang W, Li M, Sun J, Gao C, Wang L. Two New Species of Talaromyces Sect. Trachyspermi Discovered in China. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:793-804. [PMID: 37698735 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of sect. Trachyspermi isolated from soil are proposed, namely, T. albidus (ex-type AS3.26143T) and T. rubidus (ex-type AS3.26142T), based on the integrated taxonomic methods. Morphologically, T. albidus is characterized by slow growth, white gymnothecia, singly-borne asci and ellipsoidal echinulate ascospores. Talaromyces rubidus is distinguished by restricted growth, moderate to abundant red soluble pigment on CYA and YES, biverticillate penicilli, and commonly ovoid to globose echinulate conidia. The two proposed novelties are further confirmed by the phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated BenA-CaM-Rpb2-ITS sequence matrix and the individual BenA, CaM, Rpb2 and ITS sequence matrices. Talaromyces albidus is closely related to T. assiutensis and T. trachyspermus, while T. rubidus is in the clade containing T. albobiverticillius, T. rubrifaciens, T. catalonicus, T. heiheensis, T. erythromellis, T. halophytorum, T. pernambucoensis, T. solicola and T. aerius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianqiu Sun
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Perdomo-González A, Pérez-Reverón R, Goberna M, León-Barrios M, Fernández-López M, Villadas PJ, Reyes-Betancort JA, Díaz-Peña FJ. How harmful are exotic plantations for soils and its microbiome? A case study in an arid island. Sci Total Environ 2023; 879:163030. [PMID: 36963683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plantation of exotic species has been a common practice in (semi-) arid areas worldwide aiming to restore highly degraded habitats. The effects of these plantations on plant cover or soil erosion have been widely studied, while little attention has been paid to the consequences on soil quality and belowground biological communities. This study evaluates the long-term (>60 years) effects of the exotic species Acacia cyclops and Pinus halepensis revegetation on soil properties, including microbiome, in an arid island. Soils under exotic plantation were compared to both degraded soils with a very low cover of native species and soils with well-preserved native plant communities. Seven scenarios were selected in a small area (~25 ha) with similar soil type but differing in the plant cover. Topsoils (0-15 cm) were analyzed for physical, chemical and biochemical properties, and amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal communities. Microbial diversity was similar among soils with exotic plants and native vegetation (Shannon's index = 5.26 and 5.34, respectively), while the most eroded soils exhibited significantly lower diversity levels (Shannon's index = 4.72). Bacterial and fungal communities' composition in degraded soils greatly differed from those in vegetated soils (Canberra index = 0.85 and 0.92, respectively) likely due to high soil sodicity, fine textures and compaction. Microbial communities' composition also differed in soils covered with exotic and native species, to a greater extent for fungi than for bacteria (Canberra index = 0.94 and 0.89, respectively), due to higher levels of nutrients, microbial biomass and activity in soils with native species. Results suggest that reforestation succeeded in avoiding further soil degradation but still leading to relevant changes in soil microbial community that may have negative effects on ecosystem stability. Information gained in this research could be useful for environmental agencies and decision makers about the controversial replacement of exotic plants in insular territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Perdomo-González
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Raquel Pérez-Reverón
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Marta Goberna
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros León-Barrios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Grupo de Microbiología de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo J Villadas
- Grupo de Microbiología de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Spain
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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11
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Espinosa J, Dejene T, Fernández C, Madrigal J, Aponte C, Martín-Pinto P. Does helimulching after severe wildfire affect soil fungal diversity and community composition in a Mediterranean ecosystem? Sci Total Environ 2023:164752. [PMID: 37315593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Straw helimulching was applied to an area with a high soil erosion risk one month after the Navalacruz megafire (Iberian Central System, Ávila, Spain) to mitigate soil erosion and to maintain soil quality. To determine whether the soil fungal community, which is key to soil and vegetation recovery after fire, is altered by straw mulching, we examined the effect of helimulching one year after its application. Three hillside zones were chosen with two treatments in each zone (mulched and non-mulched plots), with three replicates of each treatment. Chemical and genomic DNA analyses of soil samples from mulched and non-mulched plots were performed to assess the soil characteristics and the soil fungal community composition and abundance. The total fungal operational taxonomic unit richness and abundance did not differ between treatments. However, there was an increase in the richness of litter saprotrophs, plant pathogens and wood saprotrophs associated with the application of straw mulch. The total fungal composition of mulched and non-mulched plots differed significantly. Fungal composition at the phylum level correlated with the soil potassium content and marginally with the pH and phosphorus content. The application of mulch promoted the dominance of saprotrophic functional groups. Fungal composition according to guilds was also significantly different between treatments. As conclusion, the application of mulch could mean a faster recovery of saprotrophic functional groups that will be responsible for decomposing the available dead fine fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncal Espinosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Tatek Dejene
- Ethiopian Forestry Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Cristina Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Forestal-Lourizán, Xunta de Galicia, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Javier Madrigal
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; University Polytechnic of Madrid, ETSI Montes, Forestal y Medio Natural, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Aponte
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Pinto
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain.
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12
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Bell-Dereske LP, Benucci GMN, da Costa PB, Bonito G, Friesen ML, Tiemann LK, Evans SE. Regional biogeography versus intra-annual dynamics of the root and soil microbiome. Environ Microbiome 2023; 18:50. [PMID: 37287059 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root and soil microbial communities constitute the below-ground plant microbiome, are drivers of nutrient cycling, and affect plant productivity. However, our understanding of their spatiotemporal patterns is confounded by exogenous factors that covary spatially, such as changes in host plant species, climate, and edaphic factors. These spatiotemporal patterns likely differ across microbiome domains (bacteria and fungi) and niches (root vs. soil). RESULTS To capture spatial patterns at a regional scale, we sampled the below-ground microbiome of switchgrass monocultures of five sites spanning > 3 degrees of latitude within the Great Lakes region. To capture temporal patterns, we sampled the below-ground microbiome across the growing season within a single site. We compared the strength of spatiotemporal factors to nitrogen addition determining the major drivers in our perennial cropping system. All microbial communities were most strongly structured by sampling site, though collection date also had strong effects; in contrast, nitrogen addition had little to no effect on communities. Though all microbial communities were found to have significant spatiotemporal patterns, sampling site and collection date better explained bacterial than fungal community structure, which appeared more defined by stochastic processes. Root communities, especially bacterial, were more temporally structured than soil communities which were more spatially structured, both across and within sampling sites. Finally, we characterized a core set of taxa in the switchgrass microbiome that persists across space and time. These core taxa represented < 6% of total species richness but > 27% of relative abundance, with potential nitrogen fixing bacteria and fungal mutualists dominating the root community and saprotrophs dominating the soil community. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the dynamic variability of plant microbiome composition and assembly across space and time, even within a single variety of a plant species. Root and soil fungal community compositions appeared spatiotemporally paired, while root and soil bacterial communities showed a temporal lag in compositional similarity suggesting active recruitment of soil bacteria into the root niche throughout the growing season. A better understanding of the drivers of these differential responses to space and time may improve our ability to predict microbial community structure and function under novel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas P Bell-Dereske
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA.
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague 4, 1083, 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Pedro Beschoren da Costa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Bonito
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maren L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lisa K Tiemann
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E Evans
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
- The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Wan P, Zhang N, Li Y, Li S, Li FM, Cui Z, Zhang F. Reducing plant pathogens could increase crop yields after plastic film mulching. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160615. [PMID: 36464048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi are closely associated with crop growth in agricultural ecosystems through processes such as nutrient uptake and pathogenesis. Plastic film mulching (PM) plays a dominant role in increasing crop yields in dryland agriculture worldwide. The functional guilds of soil fungi under PM and their effects on crops remain unclear. In this study, we explored the absolute abundance, diversity, community composition, and functional guilds of soil fungi after short-term (2 years) and long-term (10 years) mulching experiments. Short-term mulching caused a 37 %-51 % decrease in absolute fungal abundance owing to abrupt changes in the microenvironment. The response of the fungal community to PM varied with sites, with the effect being more pronounced under poor hydrothermal conditions (314 mm). The abundance of potential fungal pathogens decreased under PM; for example, Gibberella (maize ear rot) abundance was 45 % and 72 % lower under short- and long-term mulching, respectively, when compared with that in control. In contrast, the abundance of plant biocontrol fungi increased under PM; for instance, Glomeromycota abundance increased twofold under long-term mulching. Although PM did not alter the complexity and stability of fungal co-occurrence network, competition among fungi increased in the absence of sufficient carbon (C) sources. Long-term mulching reduced phytopathogen guilds by 12 %-77 % and increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) guilds by 89 %-94 %. Structural equation modeling suggested that PM altered fungal functional guilds mainly by shaping the structure of the fungal community, and fungal pathogens decreased with increased AMF functional guilds, inducing higher maize yields. These results showed for the first time, from a microbial perspective, that pathogens reduction owing to PM could explain 4.4 % of maize yield variation, providing theoretical guidance to accomplish sustainability of continuous maize mulching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zengtuan Cui
- General Station of Gansu Cultivated Land Quality Construction and Protection, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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14
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Fang FZ, Chen SL, Gui HY, Li ZJ, Zhang XF. Long-Read Sequencing Analysis Revealed the Impact of Forest Conversion on Soil Fungal Diversity in Limu Mountain, Hainan. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02129-y. [PMID: 36329282 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi are essential to soil microorganisms that play an important role in the ecosystem's soil carbon cycle and mineral nutrient transformation. Understanding the structural characteristics and diversity of soil fungal communities helps understand the health of forest ecosystems. The transition from tropical rainforest to artificial forest greatly impacts the composition and diversity of fungal communities. Hainan Limushan tropical rainforest National Park has a large area of artificial forests. Ecologists have conducted in-depth studies on the succession of animals and plants to regenerate tropical rainforests. There are few reports on the diversity of soil fungi and its influencing factors in the succession of tropical rainforests in Limu Mountain. In this study, 44 soil samples from five different stands were collected in the tropical rainforest of Limushan, Hainan. High-throughput sequencing of rDNA in its region was used to analyze fungal communities and study their α and β diversity. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models was used to analyze soil variables and fungal functional groups to determine the effects of interaction between fungi and environmental factors. A total of 273,996 reads and 1290 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, belonging to 418 species, 325 genera, 159 families, eight phyla, 30 classes, and 73 orders. The results showed that the composition of soil fungal communities in the five stands was similar, with ascomycetes accounting for 70.5% and basidiomycetes accounting for 14.7%. α and β diversity analysis showed that soil fungi in Limushan tropical rainforest had high abundance and diversity. Multiple regression analysis between soil variables and functional groups showed that organic matter, TN, TP, TK, and AK were excellent predictors for soil fungi. TP was the strongest predictor in all functional groups except soil saprotroph. Organic matter and total nitrogen were the strongest predictors of soil rot. The transformation from tropical rainforest to artificial forest in Limushan did not change the soil fungal community structure, but the richness and diversity of soil fungi changed. The forest transformation did not lead to decreased soil fungal abundance and diversity. Different vegetation types and soil properties affect the diversity of soil fungal communities. We found that Caribbean pine plantations can improve soil fungal diversity, while long-term Eucalyptus spp. plantations may reduce soil fungal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Zhi Fang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Su-Ling Chen
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Hui-Ying Gui
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Li
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China.
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15
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Lori M, Armengot L, Schneider M, Schneidewind U, Bodenhausen N, Mäder P, Krause HM. Organic management enhances soil quality and drives microbial community diversity in cocoa production systems. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155223. [PMID: 35429564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining soil quality for agricultural production is a critical challenge, especially in the tropics. Due to the focus on environmental performance and the provision of soil ecosystem services, organic farming and agroforestry systems are proposed as alternative options to conventional monoculture farming. Soil processes underlying ecosystem services are strongly mediated by microbes; thus, increased understanding of the soil microbiome is crucial for the development of sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, we measured and related soil quality indicators to bacterial and fungal community structures in five cocoa production systems, managed either organically or conventionally for 12 years, with varying crop diversity, from monoculture to agroforestry. In addition, a successional agroforestry system was included, which uses exclusively on-site pruning residues as soil inputs. Organic management increased soil organic carbon, nitrogen and labile carbon contents compared to conventional. Soil basal respiration and nitrogen mineralisation rates were highest in the successional agroforestry system. Across the field sites, fungal richness exceeded bacterial richness and fungal community composition was distinct between organic and conventional management, as well as between agroforestry and monoculture. Bacterial community composition differed mainly between organic and conventional management. Indicator species associated with organic management were taxonomically more diverse compared to taxa associated with conventionally managed systems. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of organic management for maintaining soil quality in agroforestry systems for cocoa production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lori
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Laura Armengot
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Monika Schneider
- Department of International Cooperation, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Schneidewind
- Georg-August University, Department of Physical Geography, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natacha Bodenhausen
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Paul Mäder
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Martin Krause
- Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
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16
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Yao X, Liu Y, Liu X, Qiao Z, Sun S, Li X, Wang J, Zhang F, Jiang X. Effects of thifluzamide on soil fungal microbial ecology. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128626. [PMID: 35278970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thifluzamide, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has been used extensively for many diseases control and has the risk of accumulation in soil ecology. In order to study the ecotoxicity of thifluzamide to soil fungal communities, typical corn field soils in north (Tai'an) and south (Guoyang) China were treated with thifluzamide (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) and incubated for 60 days. Thifluzamide exposure promoted soil basal respiration, and significantly reduced the number of soil culturable fungi and the abundance of soil fungi (RT-qPCR) in middle and late treatment period (15, 30, 60 days). Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing revealed that thifluzamide could reduce fungal alpha diversity (Sobs, Shannon, Simpson indexes) and change fungal community structure. FUN Guild analysis showed that the relative abundance of Undefined Saprotroph increased after the thifluzamide treatment, whereas that of Plant Pathogen decreased, and we concluded that exposure to thifluzamide could change the function of soil fungi. This study evaluated the soil ecological risk caused by thifluzamide's release into soil, providing a basis for its rational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Shiang Sun
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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17
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Kutos S, Barnes EM, Bhutada A, Lewis JD. Preferential associations of soil fungal taxa under mixed compositions of eastern American tree species. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6581587. [PMID: 35521705 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi are vital to forest ecosystem function, in part through their role mediating tree responses to environmental factors, as well as directly through effects on resource cycling. While the distribution of soil fungi can vary with abiotic factors, plant species identity is also known to affect community composition. However, the particular influence that a plant will have on its soil microbiota remains difficult to predict. Here, we paired amplicon sequencing and enzymatic assays to assess soil fungal composition and function under three tree species, Quercus rubra, Betula nigra, and Acer rubrum, planted individually and in all combinations in a greenhouse. We observed that fungal communities differed between each of the individual planted trees, suggesting at least some fungal taxa may associate preferentially with these tree species. Additionally, fungal community composition under mixed-tree plantings broadly differed from the individual planted trees, suggesting mixing of these distinct soil fungal communities. The data also suggest that there were larger enzymatic activities in the individual plantings as compared to all mixed-tree plantings which may be due to variations in fungal community composition. This study provides further evidence of the importance of tree identity on soil microbiota and functional changes to forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kutos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Elle M Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - Arnav Bhutada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - J D Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.,Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
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18
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Meyer M, Schaumann GE, Muñoz K. How does multiannual plastic mulching in strawberry cultivation influence soil fungi and mycotoxin occurrence in soil? Mycotoxin Res 2022. [PMID: 35316485 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The production of mycotoxins is often interpreted as fungal response to cope with unfavorable growth conditions induced by toxic substances, environmental and biological factors. Soil covers influence soil environment, which consequently can change the abundance and composition of microbial communities. We investigated how plastic coverage (PC) influence soil fungi and mycotoxin occurrence (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone) compared to the traditional straw coverage (SC) in dependence of soil depth and time in a 3-year field experiment in strawberry cultivation. In total, 300 soil samples, resulting from two treatments, three soil layers, and ten sampling dates (n = 5), were analyzed for mycotoxins and ergosterol (proxy for soil fungal biomass) with liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection, respectively. The modified microclimate under PC had no significant influence on fungal biomass, whereas SC promoted fungal biomass in the topsoil due to C-input. Mycotoxins were detected under both cover types in concentrations between 0.3 and 21.8 µg kg−1, mainly during strawberry establishment period and after fungicide application. Deoxynivalenol had the highest detection frequency with 26.3% (nivalenol: 8.3%, zearalenone: 8.7%). This study confirmed the in situ production of mycotoxins in soil, which seems mainly triggered by field treatment (fungicide application) and plant growth stage (establishment period) rather than on mulching type. Further investigations are necessary to better understand the influence of different agricultural practices and soil types on the production and fate of mycotoxins.
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19
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Zhang X, Fu G, Xing S, Fu W, Liu X, Wu H, Zhou X, Ma Y, Zhang X, Chen B. Structure and diversity of fungal communities in long-term copper-contaminated agricultural soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151302. [PMID: 34743886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) contamination threatens the stability of soil ecosystems. As important moderators of biochemical processes and soil remediation, the fungal community in contaminated soils has attracted much research interest. In this study, soil fungal diversity and community composition under long-term Cu contamination were investigated based on high-throughput sequencing. The co-occurrence networks were also constructed to display the co-occurrence patterns of the soil fungal community. The results showed that the richness and Chao1 index both significantly increased at 50 mg kg-1 Cu and then significantly decreased at 1600 and 3200 mg kg-1 Cu. Soil fungal diversity was significantly and positively correlated with plant dry weight. Specific tolerant taxa under different Cu contamination gradients were illustrated by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Soil Cu concentration and shoot dry weight were the strongest driving factors influencing fungal composition. The relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased first and then declined along with elevating Cu concentrations via FUNGuild analysis. The interactions among fungi were enhanced under light and moderate Cu contamination but weakened under heavy Cu contamination by random matrix theory (RMT)-based molecular ecological network analysis. Penicillium, identified as a keystone taxon in Cu-contaminated soils, had the function of removing heavy metals and detoxification, which might be vital to trigger the resistance of the fungal community to Cu contamination. The results may facilitate the identification of Cu pollution indicators and the development of in situ bioremediation technology for contaminated cultivated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gengxue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Xue Y, Chen L, Zhao Y, Feng Q, Li C, Wei Y. Shift of soil fungal communities under afforestation in Nanliu River Basin, southwest China. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114130. [PMID: 34801868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although soil fungi play a pivotal role in determining soil ecosystematic feedbacks to afforestation, there remains a big knowledge gap in the effects of afforestation on soil fungal communities, especially at a watershed scale. In this study, the variations of soil fungal diversity and community structures under afforestation were investigated in Nanliu River Basin, where paddy field and dry farmland were converted to eucalyptus plantation at an unprecedented speed. Spatial distance along the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Basin were also considered to analyze the dominant sources of the variations. The results demonstrated that eucalyptus afforestation had little effect on soil fungal diversity but could significantly influence fungal community structures. As paddy field and dry farmland converted to eucalyptus plantation, dominant fungal phylum shifted from Ascomycota to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Compared with afforestation from dry farmland, much bigger variation of fungal community structures was found in afforestation from paddy field. In addition, the significant change of fungal community structures exhibited in the upper reaches was from dry farmland, while presented in the middle reaches was from paddy field. However, afforestation comprised a larger source of variation than spatial distance within the soil fungal community structures, and Fusarium, Westerdykella,Zopfiella and Scleroderma were the most sensitive genera affected by afforestation. These results showed that afforestation did not always cause soil fungal diversity change and the heterogeneity of fungal community structures under afforestation was mainly controlled by original land use practices, while spatial distance partly decided the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yinjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongping Wei
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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21
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Yang Y, Shi Y, Kerfahi D, Ogwu MC, Wang J, Dong K, Takahashi K, Moroenyane I, Adams JM. Elevation-related climate trends dominate fungal co-occurrence network structure and the abundance of keystone taxa on Mt. Norikura, Japan. Sci Total Environ 2021; 799:149368. [PMID: 34352461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi play an important role in promoting nutrient cycling and maintaining ecosystem stability. Yet, there has been little understanding of how fungal co-occurrence networks differ along elevational climate gradients, a topic of interest to both macroecology and climate change studies. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, we investigated the trend in co-occurrence network structure of soil fungal communities at 11 elevation levels along a 2300 m elevation gradient on Mt. Norikura, Japan, and identified the keystone taxa in the network, hypothesizing a progressive decline in network connectivity with elevation due to decreased plant diversity and enhanced environmental stress caused by changes in climate and soil characteristics. Our results demonstrated that network-level topological features such as network size, average degree, clustering coefficient, and modularity decreased significantly with increasing elevation, indicating that the fungal OTUs at low elevation were more closely associated and the network structure was more compact at low elevations. This conclusion was verified by the negative correlation between positive cohesion, negative cohesion and elevation. Moreover, the negative/positive cohesion ratio reached its peak value in mid-elevations with moderate environmental stress, indicating that the fungal community structure in mid-elevations was more stable than that at other elevations. We also found that the keystone taxa were more abundant at lower elevations. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that against a background of uniform geology, climate may play a dominant role in determining the properties and intensity of soil fungal networks, and significantly affect the abundance distribution of keystone taxa. These findings enhance understanding of the pattern and mechanism of the fungal community co-occurrence network along elevation, as well as the responses of microorganisms to climate change on a vertical scale in montane ecosystems. IMPORTANCE: Exploration of the elevational distribution of microbial networks and their driving factors and mechanisms may provide opportunities for predicting potential impacts of environmental changes, on ecosystem functions and biogeographic patterns at a broad scale. Although many studies have explored patterns of fungal community diversity and composition along various environmental gradients, it is unclear how the topological structure of co-occurrence networks shifts along elevational temperature gradients. In this study, we found that the connectivity of the fungal community decreased with increasing elevation and that climate was the dominant factor regulating co-occurrence patterns, apparently acting indirectly through soil characteristics. Our results also suggest that higher elevations on mountains have fewer keystone taxa than low elevations. These patterns may be related to the decrease of plant diversity and the increase of environmental stress along elevation gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Dorsaf Kerfahi
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew C Ogwu
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Marche - Floristic Research Center of the Apennines, Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park, San Colombo, Barisciano, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Life Science Major, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Shinsu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Itumeleng Moroenyane
- Institut National Recherche Scientifique Centre, Institut Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Beule L, Karlovsky P. Early response of soil fungal communities to the conversion of monoculture cropland to a temperate agroforestry system. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12236. [PMID: 34707934 PMCID: PMC8500075 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alley-cropping systems in the temperate zone are a type of agroforestry in which rows of fast-growing trees are alternated with rows of annual crops. With numerous environmental benefits, temperate agroforestry is considered a promising alternative to conventional agriculture and soil fungi may play a key in maintaining productivity of these systems. Agroforestry systems that are established for more than 10 years have shown to increase the fungal biomass and impact the composition of soil fungal communities. Investigations of soil fungi in younger temperate agroforestry systems are scarce and the temporal dynamic of these changes is not understood. Methods Our study was conducted in a young poplar-based alley cropping and adjacent monoculture cropland system in an Arenosol soil in north-west Germany. We investigated the temporal dynamics of fungal populations after the establishment of agroforestry by collecting soil samples half, one, and one and a half years after conversion of cropland to agroforestry. Samples were collected within the agroforestry tree row, at 1, 7, and 24 m distance from the tree row within the crop row, and in an adjacent conventional monoculture cropland. The biomass of soil fungi, Asco-, and Basidiomycota was determined by real-time PCR. Soil fungal community composition and diversity were obtained from amplicon sequencing. Results Differences in the community composition of soil fungi in the tree row and arable land were detected as early as half a year following the conversion of monoculture cropland to agroforestry. In the tree row, soil fungal communities in the plots strongly diverged with the age of the system. The presence of young trees did not affect the biomass of soil fungi. Conclusions The composition of soil fungal communities responded rapidly to the integration of trees into arable land through agroforestry, whereas the fungal biomass was not affected during the first one and a half years after planting the trees. Fungal communities under the trees gradually diversified. Adaptation to spatially heterogeneous belowground biomass of the trees and understory vegetation or stochastic phenomena due to limited exchange among fungal populations may account for this effect; long-term monitoring might help unravelling the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Beule
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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23
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Li Q, Zhang D, Cheng H, Song Z, Ren L, Hao B, Zhu J, Fang W, Yan D, Li Y, Wang Q, Cao A. Chloropicrin alternated with dazomet improved the soil's physicochemical properties, changed microbial communities and increased strawberry yield. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112362. [PMID: 34087650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloropicrin (Pic) and dazomet (DZ) are effective soil fumigants that are often used to reduce soil-borne pathogens that would otherwise reduce crop yield. As Pic is scheduled to be banned, we investigated whether its consumption could be halved by alternating it with DZ. We observed that Pic alternated with DZ increased the soil NH4+-N content by 28.74-47.07 times, increased available potassium content by 40.80%-46.81% and increased electrical conductivity by 39.23%-85.81%. It generally improved the soil's physicochemical properties. High-throughput DNA sequencing showed that Pic alternated with DZ changed the taxonomic diversity of bacteria and fungi by increasing the relative abundance of Bacillus and Firmicutes, and by decreasing Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Sphingomonas. Moreover, Pic alternated with DZ can inhibit key soil pathogens by more than 90% and significantly increased strawberry yield by 78.22%-116.12%. In terms of strawberry production, we recommend using DZ in the first year and Pic in the second year. Our results showed significant ecological benefit and yield benefit when Pic consumption was halved by alternating it with DZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lirui Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoqiang Hao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China.
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24
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Huang M, Chai L, Jiang D, Zhang M, Jia W, Huang Y. Spatial Patterns of Soil Fungal Communities Are Driven by Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) Quality in Semi-Arid Regions. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:202-214. [PMID: 32322922 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi are ecologically important as decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts in nature. Understanding their biogeographic patterns and driving forces is pivotal to predict alterations arising from environmental changes in ecosystem. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an essential resource for soil fungi; however, the role of its quality in structuring fungal community patterns remains elusive. Here using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we characterized total fungi and their functional groups in 45 soil samples collected from a 1500-km sampling transect through semi-arid regions in northern China, which are currently suffering great pressure from climate change. Total fungi and their functional groups were all observed to exhibit significant biogeographic patterns which were primarily driven by environmental variables. DOM quality was the best and consistent predictor of diversity of both total fungi and functional groups. Specifically, plant-derived DOM was associated with greater diversity relative to microbe-dominated origins. In addition, fungal diversity linearly increased with increases in degree of humification in DOM. Similarly, among all measured environmental variables, DOM quality had the strongest effects on the community composition of total fungi and functional groups. Together, our work contributes to the factors underlying fungal biogeographic patterns and adds detail to the importance of DOM quality in structuring fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muke Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Chai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalin Jiang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqian Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Wang K, Bi Y, Cao Y, Peng S, Christie P, Ma S, Zhang J, Xie L. Shifts in composition and function of soil fungal communities and edaphic properties during the reclamation chronosequence of an open-cast coal mining dump. Sci Total Environ 2021; 767:144465. [PMID: 33434846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The diversity, composition and ecological guilds of soil fungal communities in relation to revegetation were assessed during an open-cast mining dump reclamation chronosequence of the soil <1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after the start of reclamation. Soil pH and electrical conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) contents, and soil phosphatase (Pha), urease (U) and invertase (INV) activities were measured. Using high-throughput sequence analysis on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, 1059 soil fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified belonging to 64 orders and these were further categorized by ecological guild. Soil fungal diversity indices were significantly different between the early (<1 year) and later reclamation communities. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicates that the composition and ecological guilds of soil fungal communities were significantly different early in the process and at the end of reclamation (P < 0.05). Co-occurrence network and structural equation model analyses show that soil fungal community structure and ecological guilds were correlated with edaphic properties and had an indirect effect on soil available nutrients through direct action on soil enzymes. Overall, the data suggest that soil fungal community composition and function within an open-cast coal mining dump reclamation chronosequence changed during the period following artificial re-vegetation, with interactions between edaphic properties and soil fungal communities associated with these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinli Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Shehua Group Zhungeer Energy CO., LTD, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Suping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shaopeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Ameen F, Alsamhary K, Alabdullatif JA, ALNadhari S. A review on metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity to beneficial soil bacteria and fungi. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 213:112027. [PMID: 33578100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The unregulated deposition of metal-based nanoparticles in terrestrial ecosystems particularly in agricultural systems has alarmingly threatened the sustainability of the environment and diversity of beneficial microbial populations such as soil bacteria and fungi. This occurs due to the poor treatment of biosolids during wastewater treatment and their application in agricultural fields to enhance the fertility of soils. Continuous deposition, low biodegradability, and longer persistence of metal nanoparticles in soils adversely impact the population of soil beneficial bacteria and fungi. The current literature suggests the toxic outcome of nanoparticle-fungi and nanoparticle-bacteria interactions based on various toxicity endpoints. Therefore, due to the extreme importance of beneficial soil bacteria and fungi for soil fertility and plant growth, this review summarizes the production, application, release of metal nanoparticles in the soil system and their impact on various soil microbes specifically plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, cellular toxicity and impact of nanoparticles on bioactive molecule production by microbes, destructive nanoparticle impact on unicellular, mycorrhizal, and cellulose/lignin degrading fungi. This review also highlights the molecular alterations in fungi and bacteria-induced by nanoparticles and suggests a plausible toxicity mechanism. This review advances the understanding of the nano-toxicity aspect as a common outcome of nanoparticles and fungi/bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khawla Alsamhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamila A Alabdullatif
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh ALNadhari
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Małek S, Ważny R, Błońska E, Jasik M, Lasota J. Soil fungal diversity and biological activity as indicators of fertilization strategies in a forest ecosystem after spruce disintegration in the Karpaty Mountains. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:142335. [PMID: 33181979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils are being exposed to nutrient deficiency and acidification at increasing rates as a result of intensive management. Mineral fertilization, however, provides a way to improve soil nutrient balance. The aim of this study is to present the effects of mineral fertilization on the properties of forest soil 11 years after fertilization. Our research investigated the effects of dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite fertilization on the physicochemical properties of the soil, soil biological activity, and fungal diversity. We also determined the condition of a new generation of fir trees after mineral fertilization. In autumn, 2008, fertilizers (dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite, specifically) in the amount of 4000 kg.ha-1 were added to plots in the Wisła Forest District in Poland; one area was left unfertilized to act as the control area for this research. Our results reveal that all fertilization improved the selected soil's physicochemical properties (pH, Ca and Mg content) and accordingly, its biochemical activity; in particular, we found that dolomite (4000 kg.ha-1) contributed heavily to soil improvement. The findings also showed that soil pH and calcium content were strongly dependent on enzymatic activity, while dolomite fertilization resulted in a significant increase in biomass size in the fir trees included in this study. In addition to being associated with the highest plant biomass and amounts of enzymatic activity, dolomite-fertilized soil also had the highest number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 403, compared to 322 OTUs in the control soil. Finally, the fungal communities in the control soil varied significantly from the fungal communities in soils fertilized with dolomite and serpentinite. The results of this research support mineral fertilization, and in particular, fertilization using dolomite in amounts of 4000 kg.ha-1, to improve soil nutrient supply and to shape the biological activity expressed by the enzymatic activity of forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Małek
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Jasik
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Jiao S. Fungi show broader environmental thresholds in wet than dry agricultural soils with distinct biogeographic patterns. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:141761. [PMID: 32877788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to establish response thresholds for fungal communities to global environmental change and assess the relationship between fungal diversity and nutrient cycling in soils. However, these have not yet been evaluated in agro-ecosystems. Here we report the findings of a survey across eastern China on the soil fungi and physicochemical properties in adjacent maize and rice fields. The results revealed a wider range of environmental thresholds for soil fungi in rice than maize fields. We found that the dominant fungal taxa only accounted for 0.6% of all taxa, but constituted >50% of total fungi. Based on their habitat preferences, distinct distribution maps between maize and rice fields were constructed, which indicated niche differentiation of soil fungi between dry and waterlogged soils. Rice fields showed higher fungal richness in low latitude regions, consistent with latitudinal richness patterns found in natural terrestrial ecosystems; however, no such trend was observed in maize fields. Fungal richness was positively correlated with nutrient cycling in rice soils and fungal beta diversity with nutrient cycling in maize soils. These findings provide response thresholds for fungal community change across environmental gradients, advancing our understanding of soil fungal diversity patterns in agricultural ecosystems. Differences between wetland and dryland should be taken into consideration when formulating sustainable management plans and baselines for assessments of future global change and resilience of agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Western Forest Bio-Disaster, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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El-Korany SM, Helmy OM, El-Halawany AM, Ragab YEM, Zedan HH. Kojic acid repurposing as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and the optimization of its production from a local Aspergillus oryzae soil isolate. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:52. [PMID: 33008398 PMCID: PMC7532584 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and its related diseases are increasing worldwide. One of the best therapeutic strategies for obesity management is through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) enzyme. So far orlistat is the only FDA approved PL inhibitor, but with unpleasant side effects. New efficacious anti-obesity drugs are needed to achieve a successful reduction in the incidence and prevalence of obesity. Many microbial metabolites have PL inhibitory activity. Screening soil inhabitants for PL inhibitors could help in increasing the available anti-obesity drugs. We aimed to isolate and identify alternative PL inhibitors from soil flora. Results We screened the crude mycelial methanolic extracts of 39 soil samples for PL inhibitory activity by the quantitative lipase colorimetric assay, using the substrate p-nitrophenyl palmitate and orlistat as positive control. AspsarO, a PL inhibitor producer, was isolated from an agricultural field soil in Giza, Egypt. It was identified as Aspergillus oryzae using colony morphology, microscopical characteristics, 18S rDNA sequencing, and molecular phylogeny. Increasing the PL inhibitor activity, in AspsarO cultures, from 25.9 ± 2% to 61.4 ± 1.8% was achieved by optimizing the fermentation process using a Placket–Burman design. The dried 100% methanolic fraction of the AspsarO culture had an IC50 of 7.48 μg/ml compared to 3.72 μg/ml for orlistat. It decreased the percent weight gain, significantly reduced the food intake and serum triglycerides levels in high-fat diet-fed Sprague–Dawley rats. Kojic acid, the active metabolite, was identified using several biological guided chromatographic and 1H and 13C NMR techniques and had an IC50 of 6.62 μg/ml. Docking pattern attributed this effect to the interaction of kojic acid with the key amino acids (Lys80, Trp252, and Asn84) in PL enzyme binding site. Conclusion Combining the results of the induced obesity animal model, in silico molecular docking and the lipase inhibitory assay, suggests that kojic acid can be a new therapeutic option for obesity management. Besides, it can lower serum triglycerides in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mohamed El-Korany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya Mohamed Helmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Hamdallah Hafez Zedan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lin Y, Xiao W, Ye Y, Wu C, Hu Y, Shi H. Adaptation of soil fungi to heavy metal contamination in paddy fields-a case study in eastern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:27819-27830. [PMID: 32399881 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi have been widely studied, but the effects of heavy metal contamination at various levels as well as the abundance and diversity of heavy metal tolerant fungi in the contaminated paddy soils are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the adaptability of fungi at different levels of heavy metal contamination to identify species that have strong adaptability to heavy metals. In this research, the technology of high-throughput sequencing was applied to study fungal communities in severe level (SL), moderate level (ML), light level (LL), and clean level (CL) for soil samples polluted by heavy metal, as well as to analyze the relations between environmental variables and fungal communities. The spearman analysis showed that 6 dominant fungal phyla and 18 dominant fungal genera were significantly correlated with these environmental variables. The α-diversity indexes of the soil fungal community from SL, ML, and CL were, mostly, drastically higher than the LL samples (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, Ascomycota, the main fungal phylum, was spotted to yield a strong tolerance towards heavy metals, especially in ML. The most dominant genera of tolerant fungi in this area, which are Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, could absorb and transport the heavy metals with the help of nutrients under certain heavy metal contamination levels. Therefore, this study indicated that some fungi, which have strong biodegradability on heavy metals, can reduce toxicity of heavy metals and create a proper soil environment to grow food crops. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoben Lin
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Wu Xiao
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Yanmei Ye
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Cifang Wu
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Haokun Shi
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
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31
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Deaver NR, Hesse C, Kuske CR, Porras-Alfaro A. Presence and distribution of insect-associated and entomopathogenic fungi in a temperate pine forest soil: An integrated approach. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:864-874. [PMID: 31733729 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For decades entomopathogenic fungi have garnered interest as possible alternatives to chemical pesticides. However, their ecology outside of agroecosystems demands further study. We assessed the diversity and abundance of entomopathogenic and insect-associated fungi at a loblolly pine forest in North Carolina, USA using culture-dependent and next-generation sequencing libraries. Fungi were isolated using Galleriamellonella larvae, as well as from soil dilutions plated on a selective medium. Isolates were identified using Sanger sequencing of the ITS and LSU rRNA gene regions, and represented 36 OTUs including Metarhizium, Lecanicillium, and Paecilomyces. Additionally, we assessed the chitinolytic potential of isolates and found widespread, variable ability to degrade chitin within and between genera. Phylogenetic analyses resolved several isolates to genus, with some forming clades with other insect-associated taxa, as well as with fungi associated with plant tissues. Saprophytes were widely distributed in soil, while entomopathogens were less abundant and present primarily in the top two cm of the soil. The similarity between culture-dependent and next-generation sequencing results demonstrates that both methods can be used concurrently in this system to study the ecology of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noland R Deaver
- Biological Sciences Department, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, 61455 IL, USA
| | - Cedar Hesse
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, 97330 OR, USA
| | - Cheryl R Kuske
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA
| | - Andrea Porras-Alfaro
- Biological Sciences Department, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, 61455 IL, USA.
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Lin Y, Ye Y, Hu Y, Shi H. The variation in microbial community structure under different heavy metal contamination levels in paddy soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:557-564. [PMID: 31128554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a global pollution problem, heavy metal contamination poses a serious hazard to soil microorganisms which play an extremely important role in soil chemical cycling and ecological persistence. However, the effects that different levels of heavy metal contamination in soils have on microorganisms and the interactions between them are still unclear. The purpose of this research is to analyze the microbial structure under different levels of heavy metal contamination, find out heavy metal tolerant species under different environmental conditions, then provide useful reference for the bioremediation of contaminated farmland. In this study, 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the microbial communities in severe level (SL), moderate level (ML), light level (LL) and clean level (CL) of heavy metal contaminated soils, and the relationships between environment variables and microorganisms were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals and soil physicochemical properties had various impacts on microbial community composition under different heavy metal contamination levels. Most dominant bacteria were in significant negative correlation with Cd in ML region, and significantly correlated with TN and OM in LL region. However, there was no significant correlation between dominant fungi and the physicochemical properties in LL region. And most of the dominant fungi were significantly correlated with the heavy metal concentrations in SL region. The bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes showed more tolerance with heavy metal contamination in SL, ML and LL regions, respectively. Meanwhile, the dominant fungi of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Zygomycota and Rozellomycota showed stronger correlations with heavy metal contamination in SL and LL regions. These results indicated that some microorganisms had strong tolerance to heavy metal contamination and had certain heavy metals digestion ability, which can create an appropriate soil environment for the growth of food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoben Lin
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Yanmei Ye
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Yiming Hu
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Haokun Shi
- Land Academy for National Development (LAND), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Land Ecological Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Binzhou, 256600, China
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Steinmetz Z, Kurtz MP, Zubrod JP, Meyer AH, Elsner M, Schaumann GE. Biodegradation and photooxidation of phenolic compounds in soil-A compound-specific stable isotope approach. Chemosphere 2019; 230:210-218. [PMID: 31103867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds occur in a variety of plants and can be used as model compounds for investigating the fate of organic wastewater, lignin, or soil organic matter in the environment. The aim of this study was to better understand and differentiate mechanisms associated with photo- and biodegradation of tyrosol, vanillin, vanillic acid, and coumaric acid in soil. In a 29 d incubation experiment, soil spiked with these phenolic compounds was either subjected to UV irradiation under sterile conditions or to the native soil microbial community in the dark. Changes in the isotopic composition (δ13C) of phenolic compounds were determined by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and complemented by concentration measurements. Phospholipid-derived fatty acid and ergosterol biomarkers together with soil water repellency measurements provided information on soil microbial and physical properties. Biodegradation followed pseudo-first-order dissipation kinetics, enriched remaining phenolic compounds in 13C, and was associated with increased fungal rather than bacterial biomarkers. Growing mycelia rendered the soil slightly water repellent. High sample variation limited the reliable estimation of apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEs) to tyrosol. The AKIE of tyrosol biodegradation was 1.007 ± 0.002. Photooxidation kinetics were of pseudo-zero- or first-order with an AKIE of 1.02 ± 0.01 for tyrosol, suggesting a hydroxyl-radical mediated degradation process. Further research needs to address δ13C variation among sample replicates potentially originating from heterogeneous reaction spaces in soil. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance or nanoscopic imaging could help to better understand the distribution of organic compounds and their transformation in the soil matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Steinmetz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Markus P Kurtz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology & Environment, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Armin H Meyer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
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Russo F, Ceci A, Maggi O, Siciliano A, Guida M, Petrangeli Papini M, Černík M, Persiani AM. Understanding fungal potential in the mitigation of contaminated areas in the Czech Republic: tolerance, biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and oxidative stress analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:24445-24461. [PMID: 31228071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of the soil microbial community represents an important step in better understanding the environmental context. Therefore, biological characterisation and physicochemical integration are keys when defining contaminated sites. Fungi play a fundamental role in the soil, by providing and supporting ecological services for ecosystems and human wellbeing. In this research, 52 soil fungal taxa were isolated from in situ pilot reactors installed to a contaminated site in Czech Republic with a high concentration of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Among the identified isolates, 12 strains were selected to evaluate their tolerance to different isomers of HCH by using specific indices (Rt:Rc; T.I.) and to test their potential in xenobiotic biotransformation. Most of the selected taxa was not significantly affected by exposure to HCH, underlining the elevated tolerance of all the tested fungal taxa, and different metabolic intermediates of HCH dechlorination were observed. The oxidative stress responses to HCH for two selected species, Penicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma harzianum, were investigated in order to explore their toxic responses and to evaluate their potential functioning in bioremediation of contaminated environments. This research suggests that the isolated fungal species may provide opportunities for new eco-friendly, integrated and cost-effective solutions for environmental management and remediation, considering their efficient adaptation to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Russo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ceci
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Maggi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Maria Persiani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Shangguan Z, Chang F, Jia F, Chen Y, He X, Shi W, Deng L. Effects of grassland afforestation on structure and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:396-406. [PMID: 31048170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grassland afforestation strongly influences the structure and function of soil microorganisms. Yet the mechanisms of how afforestation could simultaneously alter both the soil fungal and bacterial communities and its implications for ecosystem management are poorly understood, especially in nitrogen-limited ecosystems. Using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes, the present study investigated the changes in soil properties and soil microorganisms after afforestation of natural grasslands with Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) on the Loess Plateau in China. Results showed that soil bacterial diversity had no significant differences among the grassland (GL), forest-grassland transition zone (TZ), and forestland (FL), while soil fungal diversity in the GL was significantly higher than that in the FL and TZ (P < 0.05). The proportion of shared OTUs in the soil bacterial community was higher than that in the soil fungal community among the three land use types. The dominant bacterial phylum shifted from Proteobacteria to Actinobacteria, while the dominant fungal phylum shifted from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota after the GL conversion to the FL. The functional groups of ECM fungi increased significantly while biotrophic fungi decreased significantly after grassland afforestation. Both the soil bacterial and fungal communities in the TZ showed great similarity with those in the FL. In addition, among all examined soil properties, soil nitrogen (N) showed a more significant effect on the soil microbial communities. The reduction of soil N after grassland afforestation resulted in both the structure and function changes in soil microbial communities. Our results demonstrated simultaneously differential changes in the composition and diversity of both soil bacterial and fungal communities after afforestation from grasslands to planted forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Zhuangsheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fan Chang
- Microbial Metabolism Research Center, Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Feng'an Jia
- Microbial Metabolism Research Center, Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Xinhua He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Weiyu Shi
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Abstract
The family Plectosphaerellaceae (Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes) includes numerous plant pathogenic genera and soil-borne fungal species. Ten genera are currently accepted, including several taxa that occupy an unresolved position within the family. To address this issue, a multilocus sequence analysis was carried out using partial gene sequences from the 28S large subunit nrRNA gene (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nrDNA region, including the 5.8S nrRNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), tryptophan synthase (TS), actin (ACT) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), based on a large set of isolates mainly from the CBS collection. Results of the molecular data combined with a detailed morphological study resolved 22 genera in the family, of which 12 are newly described. Additionally, 15 new species and 10 new combinations are proposed. An epitype and neotype are also introduced for Stachylidium bicolor and Plectosphaerella cucumerina, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Zhang L, Jing Y, Xiang Y, Zhang R, Lu H. Responses of soil microbial community structure changes and activities to biochar addition: A meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2018; 643:926-935. [PMID: 29960229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate responses of soil microbial community structure changes and activities to biochar addition under different biochar characteristics, soil properties, and experiment conditions. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 265 datasets from 49 published studies. Results showed that biochar addition significantly increased the ratios of soil fungi to bacteria (F/B) and the ratios of Gram-positive bacteria to Gram-negative bacteria (G+/G-), and microbial biomass and activities. The enhancement of F/B ratios was most significant with addition of biochars produced at low temperatures to soils with lower pH and nutrients in a long-term condition, which improved ecosystem stability of agricultural soils. The F/B ratios were mainly affected by biochar nutrients, soil nutrients, and soil pH values. Biochar nutrients and structural properties (i.e., surface area and porosity) also played the important role in enhancing G+/G-, total microbial biomass, and activities of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. The G+/G- ratios increased the most with addition of biochars produced with medium temperatures and residue accompanied with fertilizers in dry land (dried farmland) soils. High biochar load greatly improved the total phospholipid fatty acids, and activities of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in fine/coarse, paddy soils, and soils with low nutrients, in turn increased the soil nutrient cycling. In addition, the structural properties of biochars were the most influencing factor to increase total microbial biomass and actinomycete activity. Overall, the enhancement of microbial activities and community structure shifts under biochar addition should promote soil nutrients cycling and carbon sequestration, and improve crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiming Jing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yangzhou Xiang
- Guizhou Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Renduo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Haibo Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Erguven GO. Comparison of Some Soil Fungi in Bioremediation of Herbicide Acetochlor Under Agitated Culture Media. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:570-575. [PMID: 29368301 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to find out the biodegradation efficiency of some soil fungi types on herbicide acetochlor with acetochlor active material, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total organic carbon (TOC) parameters. We also try to determine the population dynamics of these fungi via turbidity. The fungi cultures were isolated from agricultural field in in Thrace region of Turkey. Each fungi enriched in malt extract broth media and 1 mL of these enriched media was inoculated into 100 mL of acetochlor solutions that suggested for using application concantrations in agricultural field for farmers (11000 mg L-1) for sunflower and corn agriculture. Bioremediation results of acetochlor have shown different results according to the types of fungi. Our results indicate that Tolypocladium geodes and Cordyceps cicadae might be used in acetochlor bioremediation with a significant acetochlor, COD, TOC and BOD5 reduction and can be used for rehabilitation of agricultural fields or receiving environments for removal the opposite effects of acetochlor or other herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Onder Erguven
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey.
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Schmidt PA, Schmitt I, Otte J, Bandow C, Römbke J, Bálint M, Rolshausen G. Season-Long Experimental Drought Alters Fungal Community Composition but Not Diversity in a Grassland Soil. Microb Ecol 2018; 75:468-478. [PMID: 28785816 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using terrestrial model ecosystems (TMEs), we investigated how reduced moisture conditions impact soil fungal communities from a temperate grassland over the course of an entire season. Starting at about 65% of the soil's maximum water holding capacity (WHCmax), TME soils were adjusted to three moisture levels for 15 weeks: 70% WHCmax, approximating starting conditions, 50% WHCmax, and 30% WHCmax, representing reduced moisture conditions. Diversity and abundances of soil fungi at the start and at the end of the experiment were characterized using Illumina meta-barcoding. Community diversity at the end of the experiment did not differ between experimental moisture levels and was comparable to diversity measures from the field. However, fungal communities did change compositionally in both abundances and presence/absence of species. Analyzing class-level and individual contributions of fungi to these changes revealed that only a minor portion reacted significantly, indicating that most compositional change was likely driven by many consistent small-scale shifts in presence/absences or abundances. Together, our results show that prolonged reduction in soil moisture conditions will trigger compositional changes in soil fungal communities but not necessarily change overall diversity. We highlight the cumulative contribution of minor but consistent changes among community members, as opposed to significant responses of individual species. We also detected a strong general experimental effect on soil fungi that are moved from the field to experimental TMEs, suggesting the importance of acclimatization effects in these communities under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp-André Schmidt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bandow
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, 65439, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Römbke
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, 65439, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Park S, Ten L, Lee SY, Back CG, Lee JJ, Lee HB, Jung HY. New Recorded Species in Three Genera of the Sordariomycetes in Korea. Mycobiology 2017; 45:64-72. [PMID: 28781538 PMCID: PMC5541150 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2017.45.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In an ongoing survey of Korean indigenous fungi, three fungal strains belonging to the Sordariomycetes were isolated from soil samples. These strains were designated KNU16-001, KNU16-002, and KNU16-009, and identified as Ambrosiella grosmanniae, Acremonium sclerotigenum, and Trichocladium asperum, respectively, based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer region sequences of ribosomal DNA. This is the first report of these species in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Leonid Ten
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Back
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jung
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Ping Y, Han D, Wang N, Hu Y, Mu L, Feng F. Vertical zonation of soil fungal community structure in a Korean pine forest on Changbai Mountain, China. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:12. [PMID: 27885566 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Changbai Mountain, with intact montane vertical vegetation belts, is located at a sensitive area of global climate change and a central distribution area of Korean pine forest. Broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis as an edificator) is the most representative zonal climax vegetation in the humid region of northeastern China; their vertical zonation is the most intact and representative on Changbai Mountain. In this study, we analyzed the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities in the Korean pine forest on Changbai Mountain at elevations ranging from 699 to 1177 m using Illumina High-throughput sequencing. We obtained a total 186,663 optimized sequences, with an average length of 268.81 bp. We found soil fungal diversity index was decreased with increasing elevation from 699 to 937 m and began to rise after reaching 1044 m; the richness and evenness indices were decreased with an increase in elevation. Soil fungal compositions at the phylum, class and genus levels varied significantly at different elevations, but with the same dominant fungi. Beta-diversity analysis indicated that the similarity of fungal communities decreased with an increased vertical distance between the sample plots, showing a distance-decay relationship. Variation partition analysis showed that geographic distance (mainly elevation gradient) only explained 20.53 % of the total variation of fungal community structure, while soil physicochemical factors explained 69.78 %.
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Cavani L, Manici LM, Caputo F, Peruzzi E, Ciavatta C. Ecological restoration of a copper polluted vineyard: Long-term impact of farmland abandonment on soil bio-chemical properties and microbial communities. J Environ Manage 2016; 182:37-47. [PMID: 27454095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the degree of interference of high soil copper (Cu) contamination when an old vineyard is converted into a protected area. This study was performed within an intensive agricultural system; it was organized into a two-factorial nested design to analyze the impact of management (conventional vs re-naturalized orchard) and position within each orchard (tree-rows and strips). Chemical and biochemical properties along with bacterial and fungal communities, evaluated with PCR-DGGE starting from total soil DNA, were analyzed. Total Cu was localized in tree rows in the old vineyard at 1000 mg kg(-1) of soil, whereas it did not exceed 80 mg kg(-1) soil in the other treatments. Total organic carbon and all biochemical properties significantly improved in re-naturalized compared to conventionally cultivated site, while no significant differences were observed between tree row and strip. Moreover, a higher extractable carbon-extractable nitrogen (Cext-to-Next) ratio in the re-naturalized (19.3) site than in the conventionally managed site (10.2) indicated a shift of soil system from C-limited to N-limited, confirming a successful ecological restoration. Deep improvement of soil biochemical properties exceeded the negative impact of Cu contamination. A shift of bacterial community composition as well as increased bacterial diversity in Cu contaminated treatment indicated a bacterial response to Cu stress; to the contrary, soil fungi were less susceptible than bacteria, though an overall reduction of fungal DNA was detected. Findings suggest that ecological restoration of highly polluted agricultural soils leads to overcoming the reduction of soil functionalities linked to Cu contamination and opens interesting perspectives for mitigating Cu stress in agricultural soils with strategies based on conservative agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cavani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa M Manici
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Caputo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Peruzzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, Bologna, Italy
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Hirsch PR, Jhurreea D, Williams JK, Murray PJ, Scott T, Misselbrook TH, Goulding KWT, Clark IM. Soil resilience and recovery: rapid community responses to management changes. Plant Soil 2016; 412:283-297. [PMID: 32165771 PMCID: PMC7045894 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-016-3068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soil degradation is a major global problem; to investigate the potential for recovery of soil biota and associated key functions, soils were monitored during the early years of conversion between permanent grassland, arable cropping and bare fallow (maintained by regular tilling). Distinct differences in soil properties had become apparent 50 years after a previous conversion. METHODS Subplots on previously permanent grassland, arable and bare fallow soil were converted to the two alternatives, generating 9 treatments. Soil properties (soil organic carbon, mesofauna, microbial community structure and activity) were measured. RESULTS After 2 years, mesofauna and microbial abundance increased where plants were grown on previously bare fallow soils and declined where grassland was converted to bare fallow treatment. Overall prokaryote community composition remained more similar to the previous treatments of the converted plots than to the new treatments but there were significant changes in the relative abundance of some groups and functional genes. Four years after conversion, SOC in arable and bare fallow soils converted to grassland had increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Conversion to permanent grassland effectively replenished C in previously degraded soil; the soil microbiome showed significant conversion-related changes; plant-driven recovery was quicker than C loss in the absence of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tony Scott
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | | | | | - Ian M. Clark
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
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Palta Ş, Lermi AG, Beki R. The effect of different land uses on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the northwestern Black Sea Region. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:350. [PMID: 27178052 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The object of the present research was to establish correlations between the status of root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and different types of land use. In order to achieve this aim, rhizosphere soil samples from grassland crops were taken during June and July of 2013 in order to use for determining several soil characteristics. The 27 different taxa and 60 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere level in the study areas. The existence of AMF was confirmed in 100 % of these plants with different rations of colonization (approximately 12-89 %). Bromus racemosus L. (pasture) was the most dense taxon with the percentage of AMF colonization of 88.9 %, and Trifolium pratense L. (forest) was the least dense taxon with the percentage of AMF colonization of 12.2 % (average 52.0 %). As a result of the statistical analysis, a positive relationship was found between the botanical composition of legumes and AMF colonization (r = 0.35; p = 0.006). However, a negative relationship was determined between botanical composition of other plant families and AMF colonization (r = -0.39; p = 0.002). In addition, a positive relationship was defined between soil pH (H2O) and the root colonization of AMF (r = 0.35; p = 0.005). The pasture had the highest mean value of AMF root colonization. However, the pasture and gap in the forest were in the same group, according to the results of the S-N-K test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahin Palta
- Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Watershed Management, Subdivision of Range Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Genç Lermi
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Bartın Vocational School, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Beki
- Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Watershed Management, Subdivision of Range Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bartın University, 74100, Bartın, Turkey
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45
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Schilling EM, Waring BG, Schilling JS, Powers JS. Forest composition modifies litter dynamics and decomposition in regenerating tropical dry forest. Oecologia 2016; 182:287-97. [PMID: 27236291 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how forest composition, litter quality, and rainfall interact to affect leaf litter decomposition across three successional tropical dry forests in Costa Rica. We monitored litter stocks and bulk litter turnover in 18 plots that exhibit substantial variation in soil characteristics, tree community structure, fungal communities (including forests dominated by ecto- or arbuscular mycorrhizal host trees), and forest age. Simultaneously, we decomposed three standard litter substrates over a 6-month period spanning an unusually intense drought. Decay rates of standard substrates depended on the interaction between litter identity and forest type. Decomposition rates were correlated with tree and soil fungal community composition as well as soil fertility, but these relationships differed among litter types. In low fertility soils dominated by ectomycorrhizal oak trees, bulk litter turnover rates were low, regardless of soil moisture. By contrast, in higher fertility soils that supported mostly arbuscular mycorrhizal trees, bulk litter decay rates were strongly dependent on seasonal water availability. Both measures of decomposition increased with forest age, as did the frequency of termite-mediated wood decay. Taken together, our results demonstrate that soils and forest age exert strong control over decomposition dynamics in these tropical dry forests, either directly through effects on microclimate and nutrients, or indirectly by affecting tree and microbial community composition and traits, such as litter quality.
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46
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Tranchida MC, Centeno ND, Stenglein SA, Cabello MN. First record of Talaromyces udagawae in soil related to decomposing human remains in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:86-90. [PMID: 26766627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphologic features of Talaromyces udagawae Stolk and Samson are here described and illustrated. This teleomorphic Ascomycota fungus was isolated from soil obtained in Buenos Aires province (Argentina) from beneath a human cadaver in an advanced state of decomposition. After washing and serial dilution of the soil along with moist-chamber techniques for fungal cultivation, T. udagawae formed very restricted colonies of bright yellow color on different growth media with 8-ascospored asci. The ascospores were ellipsoidal and ornamented. The anamorphic state was not observed. Molecular-genetic techniques identified the species. The present record is the first of the species in Argentina, pointing it as a tool to identify soils where cadaver decomposition occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Tranchida
- Instituto de Botánica C. Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-CCT La Plata), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Néstor D Centeno
- Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada y Forense Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CICBA-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Agronomía-UNCPBA, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta N Cabello
- Instituto de Botánica C. Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lee HW, Nguyen TTT, Mun HY, Lee H, Kim C, Lee HB. Confirmation of Two Undescribed Fungal Species from Dokdo of Korea Based on Current Classification System Using Multi Loci. Mycobiology 2015; 43:392-401. [PMID: 26839498 PMCID: PMC4731643 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2015.43.4.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using dilution plating method, 47 fungal isolates were obtained from a soil sample collected from Dokdo in the East Sea of Korea in 2013. In this study, two fungal isolates, EML-MFS30-1 and EML-DDSF4, were confirmed as undescribed species, Metarhizium guizhouense and Mortierella oligospora in Korea based on current classification system using multi loci including rDNA internal transcribed spacer, large subunit, small subunit, and β-tubulin (BTUB) genes. Herein, detailed morphological descriptions on characters of the undescribed fungal species as well as their molecular phylogenetic status are provided with comparisons to related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Mun
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.; Microbial Safety Division, NAS, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Haengsub Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Changmu Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology & Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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48
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Balakumaran MD, Ramachandran R, Balashanmugam P, Mukeshkumar DJ, Kalaichelvan PT. Mycosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles: Optimization, characterization and antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Microbiol Res 2015; 182:8-20. [PMID: 26686609 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to isolate soil fungi from Kolli and Yercaud Hills, South India with the ultimate objective of producing antimicrobial nanoparticles. Among 65 fungi tested, the isolate, Bios PTK 6 extracellularly synthesized both silver and gold nanoparticles with good monodispersity. Under optimized reaction conditions, the strain Bios PTK 6 identified as Aspergillus terreus has produced extremely stable nanoparticles within 12h. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis. spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SAED, ICP-AES and Zetasizer analyses. A. terreus synthesized 8-20 nm sized, spherical shaped silver nanoparticles whereas gold nanoparticles showed many interesting morphologies with a size of 10-50 nm. The presence and binding of proteins with nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR study. Interestingly, the myco derived silver nanoparticles exhibited superior antimicrobial activity than the standard antibiotic, streptomycin except against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The leakage of intracellular components such as protein and nucleic acid demonstrated that silver nanoparticles damage the bacterial cells by formation of pores, which affects membrane permeability and finally leads to cell death. Further, presence of nanoparticles in the bacterial membrane and the breakage of cell wall were also observed using SEM. Thus, the obtained results clearly reveal that these antimicrobial nanoparticles could be explored as promising candidates for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Balakumaran
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Ramachandran
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Balashanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D J Mukeshkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Memorial College of Arts & Science, Jaladampet, Chennai 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P T Kalaichelvan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ceci A, Pierro L, Riccardi C, Pinzari F, Maggi O, Persiani AM, Gadd GM, Petrangeli Papini M. Biotransformation of β-hexachlorocyclohexane by the saprotrophic soil fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. Chemosphere 2015; 137:101-107. [PMID: 26071688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) of global concern with potentially toxic effects on humans and ecosystems. Fungal tolerance and biotransformation of toxic substances hold considerable promise in environmental remediation technologies as many fungi can tolerate extreme environmental conditions and possess efficient extracellular degradative enzymes with relatively non-specific activities. In this research, we have investigated the potential of a saprotrophic soil fungus, Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx, isolated from soils with high concentrations of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, to biotransform β-HCH, the most recalcitrant isomer to microbial activity. The growth kinetics of the fungus were characterized after growth in stirred liquid Czapek-Dox medium. It was found that P. griseofulvum was able to grow in the presence of 1 mg L(-1) β-HCH and in stressful nutritional conditions at different concentrations of sucrose in the medium (0 and 5 g L(-1)). The effects of β-HCH and the toluene, used as a solvent for β-HCH addition, on P. griseofulvum were investigated by means of a Phenotype MicroArray™ technique, which suggested the activation of certain metabolic pathways as a response to oxidative stress due to the presence of the xenobiotics. Gas chromatographic analysis of β-HCH concentration confirmed biodegradation of the isomer with a minimum value of β-HCH residual concentration of 18.6%. The formation of benzoic acid derivatives as dead-end products of β-HCH biotransformation was observed and this could arise from a possible biodegradation pathway for β-HCH with important connections to fungal secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ceci
- Laboratorio Biodiversità dei Funghi, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Lucia Pierro
- Laboratorio di impianti e processi industriali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carmela Riccardi
- Settore Ricerca, Certificazione e Verifica, INAIL, Monteporzio Catone, Rome 00040, Italy
| | - Flavia Pinzari
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle Relazioni tra Pianta e Suolo, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Oriana Maggi
- Laboratorio Biodiversità dei Funghi, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Persiani
- Laboratorio Biodiversità dei Funghi, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Laboratorio di impianti e processi industriali, Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Daniel DW, Smith LM, Belden JB, McMurry ST, Swain S. Effects of land-use change and fungicide application on soil respiration in playa wetlands and adjacent uplands of the U.S. High Plains. Sci Total Environ 2015; 514:290-297. [PMID: 25668281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increased use of fungicides in cultivated regions such as the southern High Plains (SHP), U.S., unintentional runoff and drift as well as direct overspray during aerial application lead to environmental exposures that may influence soil microbial communities and related biogeochemical functioning. Our goal was to examine the effects of two popular fungicides Headline (pyraclostrobin) and Quilt (azoxystrobin/propiconazole) on respiration from soil microbial communities in playa wetlands embedded in cropland and native grassland and their adjacent watersheds. We monitored fungicide effects (at levels of 0, .1×, 1× and 10× the label rate) by measuring respiration from plant matter amended soils collected from 6 cropland and 6 grassland playas and uplands. In addition, differences in microbial community structure among land use types were determined by measuring ergosterol levels in cropland and native grassland playas and uplands. Native grassland playas and their associated watersheds had up to 43% higher soil respiration rates than cropland playas and watersheds, indicating higher soil microbial activity. Application of either fungicide had no effect on soil respiration at any concentration in either land use type or habitat type (playa/watershed). Native grassland playas and watersheds had 3 and 1.6 times higher ergosterol content than cropland playas and watersheds. The lack of soil respiration response to fungicide application does not necessarily suggest that fungicides used in this study do not affect non-target soil microbial communities due to potential compensation by other biota. Future studies should further elucidate existing microorganism communities in playas and their watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Daniel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Loren M Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Scott T McMurry
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Shella Swain
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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