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Zhao X, Tian P, Zhang W, Wang Q, Guo P, Wang Q. Nitrogen deposition caused higher increases in plant-derived organic carbon than microbial-derived organic carbon in forest soils. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171752. [PMID: 38494032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant- and microbial-derived organic carbon, two components of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in terrestrial ecosystems, are regulated by increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the spatial patterns and driving factors of the responses of plant- and microbial-derived SOC to N deposition in forests are not clear, which hinders our understanding of SOC sequestration. In this study, we explored the spatial patterns of plant- and microbial-derived SOC, and their responses to N addition and elucidated their underlying mechanisms in forest soils receiving N addition at four sites with various soil and climate conditions. Plant- and microbial-derived SOC were quantified using lignin phenols and amino sugars, respectively. N addition increased the total microbial residues by 20.5% on average ranging from 9.4% to 34.0% in temperate forests but not in tropical forests, and the increase was mainly derived from fungal residues. Lignin phenols increased more in temperate forests (average of 63.8%) than in tropical forests (average of 15.7%) following N addition. The ratio of total amino sugars to lignin phenols was higher in temperate forests than in tropical forests and decreased with N addition in temperate forests. N addition mainly regulated soil microbial residues by affecting pH, SOC, exchangeable Ca2+, gram-negative bacteria biomass, and the C:N ratio, while it mainly had indirect effects on lignin phenols by altering SOC, soil C:N ratio, and gram-negative bacteria biomass. Overall, our findings suggested that N deposition caused a greater increase in plant-derived SOC than in microbial-derived SOC and that plant-derived SOC would have a more important role in sequestering SOC under increasing N deposition in forest ecosystems, particularly in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qinggui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Djotan AKG, Matsushita N, Fukuda K. Year-round dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in the roots and surrounding soils of Cryptomeria japonica. Mycorrhiza 2024; 34:119-130. [PMID: 38509266 PMCID: PMC10998819 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) live simultaneously inside and outside of host plant roots for a functional mycorrhizal symbiosis. Still, the year-round dynamics and relationships between soil properties and AMF communities of trees in forest ecosystems remain unclear. We collected paired root and soil samples of the same Cryptomeria japonica trees at two forest sites (five trees at each site) every 2 months over a year. Total DNA was extracted from roots and soil separately and soil physicochemical properties were measured. With Illumina's next-generation amplicon sequencing targeting the small subunit of fungal ribosomal DNA, we clarified seasonal dynamics of soil properties and AMF communities. Soil pH and total phosphorus showed significant seasonality while total carbon, nitrogen, and C/N did not. Only pH was a good predictor of the composition and dynamics of the AMF community. The total AMF community (roots + soil) showed significant seasonality because of variation from May to September. Root and soil AMF communities were steady year-round, however, with similar species richness but contained significantly different AMF assemblages in any sampling month. Despite the weak seasonality in the communities, the top two dominant OTUs showed significant but different shifts between roots and soils across seasons with strong antagonistic relationships. In conclusion, few dominant AMF taxa are dynamically shifting between the roots and soils of C. japonica to respond to seasonal and phenological variations in their microhabitats. AMF inhabiting forest ecosystems may have high environmental plasticity to sustain a functional symbiosis regardless of seasonal variations that occur in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akotchiffor Kevin Geoffroy Djotan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Li X, Liu Y, Wu G, Lie Z, Sheng H, Aguila LCR, Khan MS, Liu X, Zhou S, Wu T, Xu W, Liu J. Mixed plantations do not necessarily provide higher ecosystem multifunctionality than monoculture plantations. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:170156. [PMID: 38219692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Forest stand transformation is a crucial strategy for enhancing the productivity and stability of planted forest ecosystems and maximizing their ecosystem functions. However, understanding forest ecosystem multifunctionality responses to various stand transformation methods remains limited. In this study, we assessed ecosystem multifunctionality, encompassing nutrient cycling, carbon stocks, water regulation, decomposition, wood production, and symbiosis, under different stand transformation methods (Chinese fir monoculture, mixed conifer and broad-leaf, broad-leaf mixed, and secondary forests). We also identified key factors contributing to variations in ecosystem multifunctionality. The results showed that Chinese fir plantations were more conducive to carbon stock creation, while broad-leaved mixed plantations excelled in water regulation. Secondary forests exhibited higher ecosystem multifunctionality than other plantation types, with Chinese fir plantations displaying the highest multifunctionality, significantly surpassing mixed coniferous and broad-leaved plantations. Our findings further revealed that soil nutrients and plant diversity have significant impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality. In summary, stand transformation profoundly influences ecosystem multifunctionality, and mixed plantations do not necessarily provide higher ecosystem multifunctionality than monoculture plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guopeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyang Lie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Han Sheng
- College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Muhammmad Sadiq Khan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Chen J, Wang J, Li H, Xu J, Huang J, Deng Y. Optimizing functional zoning for Dalingshan Forest Park in China through microcosmic human disturbance evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:1195-1211. [PMID: 38038919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Human disturbance stands as a prominent factor influencing the ecological environment within natural protected areas. Presently, the issue of balancing human activities and ecological preservation has emerged as a critical concern in the construction of China's natural protected area system. Functional zoning serves as the cornerstone of natural protected area management and represents a pivotal tool in achieving this equilibrium. This study endeavors to introduce a set of functional zoning methods for natural protected areas based on human disturbance assessments. Utilizing Dalingshan Forest Park in Dongguan city which is known for its significant human disturbances as a case study, field surveys were conducted to identify various types of small-scale and understory-hidden human disturbances, such as residential areas, roads, tourist areas, forestry areas, and energy facilities. Subsequently, a microcosmic human disturbance model tailored to forested areas was developed using the analytic hierarchy process. By integrating the findings of macrocosmic human disturbance assessments conducted concurrently by the research group, a functional zoning plan for Dalingshan Forest Park was proposed. The results show that ecological conservation zones within the park should be established in three specific areas, primarily in regions with low-level microcosmic human disturbance (levels 1 and 2) and terrain fluctuations ≥110 m. In contrast, the rational use zone is notably influenced by tourist infrastructure and road networks, predominantly located in regions with high human activity, such as popular tourist destinations and areas with road classifications and vehicular traffic. The microcosmic human disturbance assessment method proposed in this study enhances the rationality and accuracy of natural protected area functional zoning. It provides a more scientifically grounded research approach for similar studies concerning natural protected area functional zoning and contributes valuable insights for the further advancement of China's efforts in the integration and optimization of natural protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jinling Huang
- School of Resources and Planning, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Golikov VY. Air kerma rate from radionuclides distributed in forest ecosystem. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107283. [PMID: 37634423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the air kerma rate in radioactively contaminated forests. The air kerma rates created by plane sources of monoenergetic photons in the energy range 0.02-3 MeV located at different depths in soil up to 50 g cm-2 and at different heights in the forest medium from 0.05 to 50 m were calculated using numeric solution of the transport (Boltzmann) equation. To simplify the practical use of the results obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation, the study additionally includes approximation formulae for calculating air kerma rate separately from contaminated soil, crowns and trunks of trees in a forest ecosystem for 20 radionuclides - fission products that significantly contribute to the external dose. Biomaterial of trunks and crowns was modeled as uniformly distributed in corresponding layers and homogeneously mixed with air. Different distributions of radionuclides in soil were considered including plane source located at different depths, exponential and uniform distribution. Based on the results, the effect of forest biomass presence as an absorbing and scattering medium on the air kerma rate at 1 m above soil was evaluated. The estimated relative difference in air kerma rate at 1 m above soil in the forest medium and in free air for monoenergetic photon sources with energies 0.1 MeV, 0.66 MeV and 3 MeV did not correlate significantly with the energy of photons. Its maximum value in forest medium with biomass density of 5 kg m-3 was 15-20% for the source at soil depth ∼0.3 g cm-2, decreasing to less than 5% when it is at soil depth greater than 7 g cm-2. An example calculation of the air kerma rate dynamics is presented for the initial period after radioactive fallout considering weathering processes (rainfall and wind action) that contribute to the transfer of activity from the canopies to the forest floor. The differences in air kerma rate values, as an integral characteristic of the gamma radiation field from a radioactive cloud in the forest and in the open area, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Golikov
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., 197101, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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6
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Wang Z, Li R, Guo Q, Wang Z, Huang M, Cai C, Chen B. Learning ensembles of process-based models for high accurately evaluating the one-hundred-year carbon sink potential of China's forest ecosystem. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17243. [PMID: 37441384 PMCID: PMC10333463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
China's forests play a vital role in the global carbon cycle through the absorption of atmospheric CO2 to mitigate climate change caused by the increase of anthropogenic CO2. It is essential to evaluate the carbon sink potential (CSP) of China's forest ecosystem. Combining NDVI, field-investigated, and vegetation and soil carbon density data modeled by process-based models, we developed the state-of-the-art learning ensembles model of process-based models (the multi-model random forest ensemble (MMRFE) model) to evaluate the carbon stocks of China's forest ecosystem in historical (1982-2021) and future (2022-2081, without NDVI-driven data) periods. Meanwhile, we proposed a new carbon sink index (CSindex) to scientifically and accurately evaluate carbon sink status and identify carbon sink intensity zones, reducing the probability of random misjudgments as a carbon sink. The new MMRFE models showed good simulation results in simulating forest vegetation and soil carbon density in China (significant positive correlation with the observed values, r = 0.94, P < 0.001). The modeled results show that a cumulative increase of 1.33 Pg C in historical carbon stocks of forest ecosystem is equivalent to 48.62 Bt CO2, which is approximately 52.03% of the cumulative increased CO2 emissions in China from 1959 to 2018. In the next 60 years, China's forest ecosystem will absorb annually 1.69 (RCP45 scenario) to 1.85 (RCP85 scenario) Bt CO2. Compared with the carbon stock in the historical period, the cumulative absorption of CO2 by China's forest ecosystem in 2032-2036, 2062-2066, and 2077-2081 are approximately 11.25-39.68, 110.66-121.49 and 101.31-111.11 Bt CO2, respectively. In historical and future periods, the medium and strong carbon sink intensity regions identified by the historical CSindex covered 65% of the total forest area, cumulative absorbing approximately 31.60 and 65.83-72.22 Bt CO2, respectively. In the future, China's forest ecosystem has a large CSP with a non-continuous increasing trend. However, the CSP should not be underestimated. Notably, the medium carbon sink intensity region should be the priority for natural carbon sequestration action. This study not only provides an important methodological basis for accurately estimating the future CSP of forest ecosystem but also provides important decision support for future forest ecosystem carbon sequestration action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, National Data Center for Ecological Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Renqaing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, National Data Center for Ecological Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Qingchun Guo
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, National Data Center for Ecological Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
| | - Changjun Cai
- Gansu Wuwei Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, 733000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, National Data Center for Ecological Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, China
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Wang J, Shi X, Lucas-Borja ME, Guo Q, Wang L, Huang Z. Contribution of tree species to the co-occurrence network of the leaf phyllosphere and soil bacterial community in the subtropical forests. J Environ Manage 2023; 343:118274. [PMID: 37247543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of the interactions between bacterial communities and tree species are still unknown, primarily attributed to a focus on the soil system while ignoring the leaf phyllosphere, which is a complex and diverse ecosystem that supports microbial diversity in the forest ecosystem. To gain insights into the mechanisms, the effects of seven common subtropical tree species, involving Pinus massoniana Lamb., Mytilaria laosensis Lecomte., Ilex chinensis Sims., Michelia macclurei Dandy., Liquidambar formosana Hance., Quercus acutissima Carruth., and Betula luminifera H.Winkler on the bacterial communities were investigated in the leaf phyllosphere and soil systems. We found that the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria in the leaf phyllosphere (63.2-84.7%), and was dominated by Proteobacteria (34.3-45.0%) and Acidobacteria (32.5-40.6%) in soil. Mycorrhizal types and leaf phenology had no apparent effects on the bacterial abundance in the bacterial diversity in the leaf phyllosphere and soil. The bacterial community composition was greatly influenced by tree species in the leaf phyllosphere rather than in soil, with soil parameters (soil pH and C/N) and litter N identified as the most important factors. Ectomycorrhizal trees exerted positive effects on the complexity of the bacterial community at the expense of decreasing the robustness of the soil bacterial community, potentially threatening ecosystem stability. Evergreen trees decreased the network robustness of bacterial community by 21.9% higher than this of deciduous trees in the leaf phyllosphere. Similarly, evergreen trees decreased soil bacterial abundance by 50.8% and network robustness by 8.0% compared to deciduous trees, indicating the adverse impacts of leaf phenology on the bacterial stability in both leaf and soil. Overall, our results highlight the need for studies of leaf-associated bacteria to comprehensively understand the potential effects of tree species on microbial diversity and stability in subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xiuzhen Shi
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
| | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, Castilla-La Mancha University, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Qiling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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Cai Y, Sawada K, Hirota M. Spatial variation in forest soil respiration: A systematic review of field observations at the global scale. Sci Total Environ 2023; 874:162348. [PMID: 36822416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As it is responsible for the second largest CO2 flux in the terrestrial ecosystem, the accurate estimation and prediction of soil respiration (SR) are necessary, especially for forest ecosystems, which are a major contributor to the total terrestrial SR. Spatial variation is one of the challenges affecting the accurate estimation and prediction of forest SR in ecosystems. Although a number of studies have examined spatial variation in SR within individual forests, the magnitude and patterns of spatial variation in SR within forest ecosystems (CV of SR [%]) remain unexplored at the global scale. In this study, we collected 94 field observation studies to demonstrate the range and pattern of the CV of SR, and to clarify the controlling factors. Through our analysis, the CV of SR was found to range from 1.8 % to 89.3 % on the global scale; it was highest in the equatorial zone (39.0 % ± 13.8 %) and followed by the warm temperate zone (32.6 ± 14.5 %) and the snow zone (30.0 % ± 16.3 %). There was a significant negative correlation between the CV of SR and soil water content, bulk density, fine root biomass, and elevation at both the global scale and in each climatic zone (P < 0.01). Other factors such as total nitrogen content, mean of diameter at breast height, slope, etc., were also significantly correlated with the CV of SR, but the correlation was different among climatic zones. This study provides an overall perspective of the CV of SR by clarifying the range, patterns, and controlling factors at both the global scale and in each climatic zone. However, further research is needed, especially regarding the mechanisms between the CV of SR and its controlling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Cai
- Graduate school of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Sawada
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hirota
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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9
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Chang CT, Yang CJ, Huang JC. Wet depositions of cations in forests across NADP, EMEP, and EANET monitoring networks over the last two decades. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:26791-26806. [PMID: 36371567 PMCID: PMC9995420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies focused on emissions and acid deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) and the consequent precipitation acidity have a long history. However, atmospheric depositions of cations play a critical role in buffering precipitation acidity, and providing cationic nutrients for vegetation growth lacks sufficient studies equally. The spatiotemporal patterns of cation depositions and their neutralization potential across broad scales remain unclear. Through synthesizing the long-term data in forest sites (n = 128) derived from three monitoring networks (NADP in Northern America, EMEP in Europe, and EANET in East Asia) on wet deposition of cations (Na+, NH4-N, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), this study assesses the temporal changes and spatial patterns of cation depositions and their neutralization potential over the last two decades. The results showed that the depositions of cationic nutrients were considerably higher in EANET compared to NADP and EMEP. The depositions of sea salt-associated sodium exhibited a significant transition from marine (> 15 kg ha-1 year-1) to inland (< 3.0 kg ha-1 year-1) forest sites attributable to the precipitation quantity and influences of sea spray. The higher emissions of NH3 and particulate matter in East Asia explained the higher cation depositions in EANET than NADP and EMEP. The annual trends of cations revealed that only 20-30% of the forest sites showed significant changing trends and the sites widely spread across the three networks. Possibly, base cation (BC) deposition has reached a low and stable condition in NADP and EMEP, while it has high spatial heterogeneity in the temporal change in EANET. The difference in BC deposition among the three networks reflects their distinct development of economy. Our synthesis indicates that the annual trends of neutralization factor (NF) in NADP can be explained by the declining of acid potential (AP), not by neutralization potential (NP) as BC deposition has been stably low over the past two decades. Whereas, the concurrent decreases of AP and NP in EMEP or plateau period of both AP and NP in EANET have come to a standstill of acid neutralizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Te Chang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) - Ph.D. Program on Biodiversity, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407224, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407224, Taiwan.
| | - Ci-Jian Yang
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Tian P, Zhao X, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhang W, Guo P, Razavi BS, Liang C, Wang Q. Differential responses of fungal and bacterial necromass accumulation in soil to nitrogen deposition in relation to deposition rate. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157645. [PMID: 35907548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Influenced by nitrogen (N) deposition, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems could provide strong feedback to climate change. Mounting evidence showed that microbial necromass contributes substantially to SOC sequestration; however, how N deposition influences microbial necromass accumulation in soils remains elusive. We investigated the impacts of N deposition on soil microbial necromass, assessed by amino sugars, at seven forest sites along a north-south transect in eastern China. We found that the responses of fungal and bacterial necromass accumulation to N deposition depended on the deposition rate, with high N deposition (>50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) stimulating fungal necromass accumulation from 29.1 % to 35.2 %, while low N deposition damaging the accumulation of bacterial necromass in soil by 12.1 %. On the whole, N deposition benefitted the dominance of fungal over bacterial necromass, with their ratio being significantly greater at high-N level. The accumulation of microbial necromass was primarily governed by soil properties, including nutrients stoichiometry, clay content and pH, while the composition of microbial necromass was conjointly affected by soil properties and microbial community structure. The latitudinal distribution of microbial necromass contributions to SOC pool was not altered by N deposition, and was firmly controlled by the climatic and edaphic factors. Collectively, our results reveal the impacts of N deposition on microbial necromass accumulation in soil and the geographical pattern across forest ecosystems in eastern China, providing implications for our accurate predictions of global change impacts on SOC sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tian
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuechao Zhao
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengen Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qinggui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Bahar S Razavi
- Dept. Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China.
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11
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Folliot A, Haupert S, Ducrettet M, Sèbe F, Sueur J. Using acoustics and artificial intelligence to monitor pollination by insects and tree use by woodpeckers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155883. [PMID: 35569672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The collection and interpretation of field data is a prerequisite for informed conservation in protected environments. Although several techniques, including camera trapping and passive acoustic monitoring, have been developed to estimate the presence of animal species, very few attempts have been made to monitor ecological functions. Pollination by insects and wood use, including tree related foraging and intraspecific communication, by woodpeckers are key functions that need to be assessed in order to better understand and preserve forest ecosystems within the context of climate change. Here, we developed and applied for the first time an acoustic survey to monitor pollination by insects and wood use by woodpeckers in a protected Alpine forest in France. We deployed four autonomous recorders over a year, resulting in 2285 h of recordings. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) on spectrographic images to automatically detect the sounds of flying insects' buzzing and woodpeckers' drumming as they forage and call. We used the output of the CNN to estimate the seasonality, diel pattern, climatic breadth and distribution of both functions and their relationships with weather parameters. Our method showed that insects were flying (therefore potentially pollinating flowers) in bright, warm and dry conditions, after dawn and before dusk during spring and summer. Woodpeckers were mainly drumming around March at the time of pair formation in cool and wet conditions. Having considered the role of weather parameters, climate change might have contrasting effects on insect buzzing and woodpecker drumming, with an increase in temperature being favorable to pollination by insects but not to wood use by woodpeckers, and a concomitant increase in relative humidity being favorable to wood use but not to pollination. This study reveals that a systemic facet of biodiversity can be tracked using sound, and that acoustics provide valuable information for the environment description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Folliot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Haupert
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Ducrettet
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Sèbe
- Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle ENES/Neuro-PSI, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM UMR_S 1028, Université Lyon/Saint-Etienne, 23 rue Docteur Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Jérôme Sueur
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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12
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Chen Y, Xi J, Xiao M, Wang S, Chen W, Liu F, Shao Y, Yuan Z. Soil fungal communities show more specificity than bacteria for plant species composition in a temperate forest in China. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:208. [PMID: 36042394 PMCID: PMC9426227 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil microbiome is an important part of the forest ecosystem and participates in forest ecological restoration and reconstruction. Niche differentiation with respect to resources is a prominent hypothesis to account for the maintenance of species diversity in forest ecosystems. Resource-based niche differentiation has driven ecological specialization. Plants influence soil microbial diversity and distribution by affecting the soil environment. However, with the change in plant population type, whether the distribution of soil microbes is random or follows an ecologically specialized manner remains to be further studied. We characterized the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi) in different plant populations to assess the effects of phytophysiognomy on the distribution patterns of soil microbial communities in a temperate forest in China. Results Our results showed that the distribution of most soil microbes in different types of plant populations is not random but specialized in these temperate forests. The distribution patterns of bacteria and fungi were related to the composition of plant communities. Fungal species (32%) showed higher specialization than bacterial species (15%) for different types of plant populations. Light was the main driving factor of the fungal community, and soil physicochemical factors were the main driving factor of the bacterial community. Conclusion These findings suggest that ecological specialization is important in maintaining local diversity in soil microbial communities in this forest. Fungi are more specialized than bacteria in the face of changes in plant population types. Changes in plant community composition could have important effects on soil microbial communities by potentially influencing the stability and stress resistance of forest ecosystems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02591-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem in the North-South Transition Zone of Funiu Mountain, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Man Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Senlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenju Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fengqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yizhen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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13
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Thiry Y, Tanaka T, Bueno M, Pisarek P, Roulier M, Gallard H, Legout A, Nicolas M. Recycling and persistence of iodine 127 and 129 in forested environments: A modelling approach. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154901. [PMID: 35364144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the source and behaviour of 129I compared to 127I isotopes have been described for a variety of surface environments, but little is known about the cycling rates of each isotope in terrestrial ecosystems. We developed a compartment model of the iodine cycle in a forest ecosystem, with a labile and non-labile pool to simplify the complex fate of iodine in the forest floor and soil. Simulations were performed using atmospheric 127I and 129I inputs for sites differing in climate, vegetation, and soil. In general, considering dry deposition in addition to wet deposition improved model simulations. Model results support the view that soil is the sink for atmospheric iodine deposited in forest ecosystems, while tree vegetation has little influence on long-term iodine budgets. Modelling also showed that iodine cycling reaches equilibrium after a period of about 5000 years, mainly due to a gradual incorporation of iodine into the bulk stabilised soil organic matter. At steady state, this pool of non-labile iodine in soil can retain about 20% of total deposition with a mean residence time of 900 years, while the labile iodine pool is renewed after 90 years. The proportions of modern anthropogenic 129I in each modelled pool reflect those of stable 127I at least several decades after input to the forest; this result explains why isotopic disequilibrium is common in field data analysis. Volatilisation plays a central role in regulating iodine storage in soil and, therefore, its residence time, while drainage is a minor export pathway, except at some calcareous sites. Dynamic modelling has been particularly helpful for gaining insight into the long-term response of iodine partitioning to continuous, single or even varying deposition. Our modelling study suggested that better estimates of dry deposition of atmospheric iodine, weathering of parent rock, and volatilisation of the deposited iodine from soil and vegetation will be required for reliable predictions of iodine cycling in specific forests, because these processes remain insufficiently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
| | - Taku Tanaka
- EDF R&D, LNHE, 6 Quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Maïté Bueno
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Paulina Pisarek
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marine Roulier
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France; Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Gallard
- IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Arnaud Legout
- INRAE Grand Est, UR 1138, Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers, F-54280 Nancy, France
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14
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Xiao D, He X, Zhang W, Hu P, Sun M, Wang K. Comparison of bacterial and fungal diversity and network connectivity in karst and non-karst forests in southwest China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153179. [PMID: 35051465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities contribute to sustaining the function of terrestrial ecosystems and are influenced by soil type and climate gradients. The effects of karst and non-karst soils on bacterial and fungal profiles for seven climate gradients were assessed to better understand bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition in response to soil type with changes in soil physicochemical properties under different temperatures and precipitations. Bacterial and fungal abundance, diversity, and community composition differed between karst and non-karst forests. Bacterial and fungal richness, Shannon index, and bacterial abundance in karst forests were higher than non-karst forests, but the fungal abundance was lower. Mean annual temperature was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity in the karst forest and fungal abundance in karst and non-karst forests. The community composition of bacteria and fungi differed among these two soil types. The karst forest had greater connectivity among bacterial and fungal communities than non-karst forests. The bacterial members of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and fungal groups of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were mainly connected with other taxa in the network, implying that taxa were associated with highly functional potential. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Ascomycota was higher in karst than in non-karst forests. Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota showed the opposite results. A random forest and multiple regression tree analyses revealed that soil properties, specifically pH, calcium, and total nitrogen, were the main factors influencing the variation in bacterial and fungal profiles between karst and non-karst forests. This study provides novel evidence that the abundant microbial taxa were kinless hubs in co-occurrence patterns. Controlling complex networks of species interactions may contribute to improving soil nutrient processes rather than microbial diversity, enhancing our understanding of developing sustainable recovery strategies in fragile ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Xunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China.
| | - Peilei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang 547100, China.
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15
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Zeeshan M, Wenjun Z, Chuansheng W, Yan L, Azeez PA, Qinghai S, Yuntong L, Yiping Z, Zhiyun L, Liqing S. Soil heterotrophic respiration in response to rising temperature and moisture along an altitudinal gradient in a subtropical forest ecosystem, Southwest China. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151643. [PMID: 34780839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, one-third of the terrestrial carbon (C) is stored in tropical soils. The warming predicted for this century is expected to increase microbial decomposition in soil and escalate climate change potential by releasing more carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Understanding the response of soils to warming is a key challenge in predicting future climate change trajectories. Here we examined the combined effect of soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (VWC) on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rsh) and its temperature sensitivity across different altitudes (2400, 1900, and 1450 m ASL) in the Ailaoshan subtropical forest ecosystem, Southwest China. Along the elevation gradient, soil C stocks in the top 10 cm soil layer increased significantly from 10.7 g/ kg at 1480 m ASL to 283.1 g/ kg at 2480 m ASL. Soil cores from various elevations were translocated to the same, and lower elevations and Rsh from those cores were measured every month from February 2010 to January 2014. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rsh for the period was highest at the highest (H) elevation (Q10 = 5.3), decreased significantly towards the middle (M, Q10 = 3.1) and low (L, Q10 = 1.2) elevation. Q10 at M and L elevation did not differ between the place of origin and translocated cores. For the cores within each elevation, Q10 did not vary across the years. Our models suggest that Rsh increased significantly in response to an increase in Ts at each elevation under an intermediate VWC. Hence, the rate of emission was higher in lower elevations due to a higher Ts range. Our findings highlight that the predicted warming over the 21st century will have the greatest impact of Ts on Rsh, especially on the soils at the highest elevations, and will lead towards positive feedback to the climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zeeshan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhou Wenjun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Wu Chuansheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China, 100 Qinghe Rd, 236037 Fuyang, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - P A Azeez
- Visiting Faculty, Department of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Song Qinghai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Liu Yuntong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhang Yiping
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Lu Zhiyun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong, Yunnan 676209, China
| | - Sha Liqing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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16
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Geng A, Tu Q, Chen J, Wang W, Yang H. Improving litterfall production prediction in China under variable environmental conditions using machine learning algorithms. J Environ Manage 2022; 306:114515. [PMID: 35063829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Litterfall production is a major process within forest ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Accordingly, studies have explored the abiotic and biotic features that influence litterfall production. In addition to traditional statistical models, the rapid development of nonparametric and nonlinear machine learning models, such as random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost), have provided new methods of predicting the production of forest litterfall. Here, we evaluated the ability of the abovementioned models and mixed effect random forest (MERF) models to predict total annual litterfall production-based on several abiotic and biotic features-using 968 records from 314 forest sites covering the full geographical range of Chinese forests. In general, machine learning models were found to outperform linear mixed models. In particular, the MERF models ranked the highest in terms of performance (R2 = 0.7), which may be attributed to their ability to characterize nonlinear relationships between features and litterfall production. The key drivers were climate-related features and forest age, with the mean annual temperature and age positively correlated with litterfall production. Furthermore, the correlation between forest type and litterfall production was more significant for needleleaf forests than for other forest types. For needleleaf and broadleaf forests in several regions in China, the future litterfall production was predicted to be the highest under IPCC representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, followed by RCP 4.5, RCP 2.6, and the original scenarios (sample data). Improved models to better understand and estimate litterfall production in forests at present and in the future are required for forest management planning to minimize the negative impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Geng
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Research Center for Economics and Trade in Forest Products of the State Forestry Administration, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qingshi Tu
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 1235 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Weifeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Research Center for Economics and Trade in Forest Products of the State Forestry Administration, Nanjing, 210037, China; Yangtze River Delta Economics and Social Development Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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17
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Paletto A, Becagli C, De Meo I. Aesthetic preferences for deadwood in forest landscape: A case study in Italy. J Environ Manage 2022; 311:114829. [PMID: 35287079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the structural and functional role of standing dead trees and lying deadwood in forests has been widely recognized by scientific community and forest managers. However, a large amount of deadwood in forests can have negative impacts on recreational forests by reducing the aesthetic value and site attractiveness. The aims of the present study are to investigate whether deadwood in forests is truly perceived negatively by people and whether socio-demographic characteristics influence the respondents' perception. To achieve these aims, the study was implemented by submitting an online questionnaire to a sample of 1292 Italian citizens. The results show that 73.4% of respondents have previous knowledge of the concept of deadwood in forests, while 26.6% have never heard this concept. For most of the respondents, standing dead trees and lying deadwood have a negative aesthetic effect on the landscape (52.2% and 42.9%), while for only 7.5% and 23.0% of respondents standing dead trees and lying deadwood have a positive effect on forest landscape. The results show that for all six forest stands proposed (Old European beech coppice, Mediterranean maquis, Norway spruce high forest, simple sweet Chestnut coppice, European beech high forest, black pine high forest) the respondents prefer the situation without deadwood. Finally, the results show that deadwood - both standing dead trees and lying deadwood - in forests is on average more appreciated by male (rather than female), young people (rather than old people), and people with a low level of education (rather than people with a high level of education).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paletto
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, P.za Nicolini 1, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - Claudia Becagli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Isabella De Meo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy.
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18
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Farooq TH, Xincheng X, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Bashir MF, Nawaz MF, Kumar U, Shahzad SM, Yan W. Spatial distribution of carbon dynamics and nutrient enrichment capacity in different layers and tree tissues of Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:10250-10262. [PMID: 34519003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem carbon (C) storage primarily includes vegetation layers C storage, litter C storage, and soil C storage. The precise assessment of forest ecosystem C storage is a major concern that has drawn widespread attention in global climate change worldwide. This study explored the C storage of different layers of the forest ecosystem and the nutrient enrichment capacity of the vegetation layer to the soil in the Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem (CEF) present in the northeastern Hunan province, central China. The direct field measurements were used for the estimations. Results illustrate that trunk biomass distribution was 48.42% and 62.32% in younger and over-mature trees, respectively. The combined biomass of the understory shrub, herb, and litter layers was 10.46 t·hm-2, accounting for only 2.72% of the total forest biomass. On average, C content increased with the tree age increment. The C content of tree, shrub, and herb layers was 45.68%, 43.08%, and 35.76%, respectively. Litter C content was higher in the undecomposed litter (44.07 %). Soil C content continually decreased as the soil depth increased, and almost half of soil C was stored in the upper soil layer. Total C stored in CEF was 329.70 t·hm-2 and it follows the order: tree layer > soil layer > litter layer > shrub layer > herb layer, with C storage distribution of 51.07%, 47.80%, 0.78%, 0.25%, and 0.10%, respectively. Macronutrient enrichment capacity from vegetation layers to soil was highest in the herb layer and lowest in the tree layer, whereas no consistent patterns were observed for trace elements. This study will help understand the production mechanism and ecological process of the C. eyeri natural forest ecosystem and provide the basics for future research on climate mitigation, nutrient cycling, and energy exchange in developing and utilizing sub-tropical vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Xen Xincheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Muhammad Haroon U Rashid
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Institute of Applied Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Wende Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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19
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Roux P, Lemarchand D, Redon PO, Turpault MP. B and δ 11B biogeochemical cycle in a beech forest developed on a calcareous soil: Pools, fluxes, and forcing parameters. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150396. [PMID: 34627114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rock weathering and biological cycling hold the development and sustainability of continental ecosystems, yet the interdependence of macro- and micro-nutrients biogeochemical cycles and their implications for ecosystem functioning remains unclear, despite being of particular importance in the context of global changes. This study focuses on the stocks, fluxes and processes constituting the biogeochemical cycle of boron. Vegetation, soils and solutions were monitored for a full year in a temperate beech forest developed on calcareous soil. Despite an overwhelmingly large B pool in soils, this study points to limited influence of weathering emphasizing the importance of vegetation cycling on this site. The biological imprint on the B cycle is marked by (1) a strong 11B enrichment of solutions compared to the mineral source and (2) systematic correlations observed between B and other strongly recycled elements in all water samples. B isotopes are fractionated within the beech stand with higher values in leaves (23.5‰) and lower in fine roots (-11.7‰), suggesting that the light 10B isotope is preferentially assimilated during plant growth. B isotopic data are consistent with a Rayleigh-like behaviour during xylem transfer leading to an 11B enrichment in the higher parts of the trees, putting internal B transfer as the main driver of the large range of isotopic compositions between plant tissues. B apparent isotopic fractionations are observed in the annually produced biomass and total beech stand, albeit with different values: αxylem-biomass = 0.980 ± 0.009 and 0.990 ± 0.002, respectively, suggesting 11B transfer from old to new tissue. The developed model also points to an isotopic fractionation factor during B uptake much higher than previously evaluated (0.979 < αuptake < 0.994). Overall, this study demonstrates that B isotopes appear as a promising tracer of soil-plant interactions with particular emphasis on tree adaptation to B bioavailability in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Roux
- BEF-INRAE, Centre Grans Est, Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ITES UMR 7063, Strasbourg F-67084, France.
| | - D Lemarchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ITES UMR 7063, Strasbourg F-67084, France
| | - P-O Redon
- Andra, Centre de Meuse/Haute-Marne, 55290 Bure, France
| | - M-P Turpault
- BEF-INRAE, Centre Grans Est, Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
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20
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Hashimoto S, Tanaka T, Komatsu M, Gonze MA, Sakashita W, Kurikami H, Nishina K, Ota M, Ohashi S, Calmon P, Coppin F, Imamura N, Hayashi S, Hirai K, Hurtevent P, Koarashi J, Manaka T, Miura S, Shinomiya Y, Shaw G, Thiry Y. Dynamics of radiocaesium within forests in Fukushima-results and analysis of a model inter-comparison. J Environ Radioact 2021; 238-239:106721. [PMID: 34509097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forests cover approximately 70% of the area contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011. Following this severe contamination event, radiocaesium (137Cs) is anticipated to circulate within these forest ecosystems for several decades. Since the accident, a number of models have been constructed to evaluate the past and future dynamics of 137Cs in these forests. To explore the performance and uncertainties of these models we conducted a model inter-comparison exercise using Fukushima data. The main scenario addressed an evergreen needleleaf forest (cedar/cypress), which is the most common and commercially important forest type in Japan. We also tested the models with two forest management scenarios (decontamination by removal of soil surface litter and forest regeneration) and, furthermore, a deciduous broadleaf forest (konara oak) scenario as a preliminary modelling study of this type of forest. After appropriate calibration, the models reproduced the observed data reliably and the ranges of calculated trajectories were narrow in the early phase after the fallout. Successful model performances in the early phase were probably attributable to the availability of comprehensive data characterizing radiocaesium partitioning in the early phase. However, the envelope of the calculated model end points enlarged in long-term simulations over 50 years after the fallout. It is essential to continue repetitive verification/validation processes using decadal data for various forest types to improve the models and to update the forecasting capacity of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Hashimoto
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Taku Tanaka
- EDF R&D, LNHE, 6 Quai Watier, 78400, Chatou, France.
| | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Department of Mushroom Science and Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan; Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Marc-André Gonze
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, PSE-ENV, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Wataru Sakashita
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan; Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurikami
- Fukushima Environmental Research Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishina
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ota
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shinta Ohashi
- Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan; Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Philippe Calmon
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, PSE-ENV, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Frederic Coppin
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, PSE-ENV, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Naohiro Imamura
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies,10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Keizo Hirai
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Pierre Hurtevent
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, PSE-ENV, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takuya Manaka
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shinomiya
- Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - George Shaw
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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21
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Xu X, Duan C, Wu H, Luo X, Han L. Effects of changes in throughfall on soil GHG fluxes under a mature temperate forest, northeastern China. J Environ Manage 2021; 294:112950. [PMID: 34116307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict a change in the rainfall regimes for this current century, which has different impacts on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. However, how changes in annual rainfall affect annual GHG fluxes of forest soils remain unknown. A six-year field experiment with -25% and -50% throughfall (TF) and +25% TF manipulation was performed to explore the mechanisms involving GHG fluxes under a mature temperate forest, northeastern China and to work out whether the TF effect sizes on annual soil GHG fluxes vary with dry and wet years. The results showed that both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments depressed annual soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions but increased annual soil methane (CH4) uptake. A contrary pattern of annual soil GHG fluxes was observed in the +25% TF treatment. When annual TF input was decreased by 100 mm, annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions were decreased by 18.1 ± 3.1 mg N m-2 and by 39.4 ± 6.1 g C m-2 during the growing season, respectively, and annual soil CH4 uptake was increased by 11.5 ± 3.4 mg C m-2. Both -25% TF and -50% TF treatments reduced annual soil dissolved organic C (DOC) leaching by 29.3% and 45.6% and dissolved total N (DN) leaching by 30.8% and 39.6%, respectively. Contrary to annual soil N2O and CO2 emissions, annual soil CH4 uptake during the growing season significantly decreased with an increase in the annual leaching fluxes of soil DOC, inorganic N, and DN. Besides soil moisture and temperature and pH, soil GHG fluxes under manipulating TF condition were regulated by soil labile C and N status. Our findings indicated that the TF effect sizes on both annual GHG fluxes and net annual GHG balance (GWP) of forest soils varied with dry and wet years in northeastern China. The results highlight the importance of altered annual rainfall in regulating annual soil GHG fluxes and the GWP in temperate forests under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Cuntao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Małek S, Ważny R, Błońska E, Jasik M, Lasota J. Soil fungal diversity and biological activity as indicators of fertilization strategies in a forest ecosystem after spruce disintegration in the Karpaty Mountains. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:142335. [PMID: 33181979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils are being exposed to nutrient deficiency and acidification at increasing rates as a result of intensive management. Mineral fertilization, however, provides a way to improve soil nutrient balance. The aim of this study is to present the effects of mineral fertilization on the properties of forest soil 11 years after fertilization. Our research investigated the effects of dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite fertilization on the physicochemical properties of the soil, soil biological activity, and fungal diversity. We also determined the condition of a new generation of fir trees after mineral fertilization. In autumn, 2008, fertilizers (dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite, specifically) in the amount of 4000 kg.ha-1 were added to plots in the Wisła Forest District in Poland; one area was left unfertilized to act as the control area for this research. Our results reveal that all fertilization improved the selected soil's physicochemical properties (pH, Ca and Mg content) and accordingly, its biochemical activity; in particular, we found that dolomite (4000 kg.ha-1) contributed heavily to soil improvement. The findings also showed that soil pH and calcium content were strongly dependent on enzymatic activity, while dolomite fertilization resulted in a significant increase in biomass size in the fir trees included in this study. In addition to being associated with the highest plant biomass and amounts of enzymatic activity, dolomite-fertilized soil also had the highest number of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 403, compared to 322 OTUs in the control soil. Finally, the fungal communities in the control soil varied significantly from the fungal communities in soils fertilized with dolomite and serpentinite. The results of this research support mineral fertilization, and in particular, fertilization using dolomite in amounts of 4000 kg.ha-1, to improve soil nutrient supply and to shape the biological activity expressed by the enzymatic activity of forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Małek
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Jasik
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, Poland
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23
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Akhtar AM, Qazi WA, Ahmad SR, Gilani H, Mahmood SA, Rasool A. Integration of high-resolution optical and SAR satellite remote sensing datasets for aboveground biomass estimation in subtropical pine forest, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:584. [PMID: 32808098 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate stand-alone and combined Pleiades high-resolution passive optical and ALOS PALSAR active Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery for aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation in subtropical mountainous Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest in Murree Forest Division, Punjab, Pakistan. Spectral vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, etc.) and sigma nought HV-polarization backscatter dB values are derived from processing optical and SAR datasets, respectively, and modeled against field-measured AGB values through various regression models (linear, nonlinear, multi-linear). For combination of multiple spectral indices, NDVI, TNDVI, and MSAVI2 performed the best with model R2/RMSE values of 0.86/47.3 tons/ha. AGB modeling with SAR sigma nought dB values gives low model R2 value of 0.39. The multi-linear combination of SAR sigma nought dB values with spectral indices exhibits more variability as compared with the combined spectral indices model. The Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation (LOOCV) results follow closely the behavior of the model statistics. SAR data reaches AGB saturation at around 120-140 tons/ha, with the region of high sensitivity around 50-130 tons/ha; the SAR-derived AGB results show clear underestimation at higher AGB values. The models involving only spectral indices underestimate AGB at low values (< 60 tons/ha). This study presents biomass estimation maps of the Chir Pine forest in the study area and also the suitability of optical and SAR satellite imagery for estimating various biomass ranges. The results of this work can be utilized towards environmental monitoring and policy-level applications, including forest ecosystem management, environmental impact assessment, and performance-based REDD+ payment distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela M Akhtar
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
- Development Working Plan Circle, Punjab Forest Department, 108 Ravi Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waqas A Qazi
- Geospatial Research & Education Lab (GREL), Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Gilani
- Geospatial Research & Education Lab (GREL), Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Amer Mahmood
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ansir Rasool
- Green Pakistan Program, Punjab Forest Department, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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24
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Zhu B, Li C, Wang J, Li J, Li X. Elevation rather than season determines the assembly and co-occurrence patterns of soil bacterial communities in forest ecosystems of Mount Gongga. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7589-7602. [PMID: 32686007 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial communities may influence ecosystem functions and services. However, few observations have been conducted on the dynamics of a bacterial community assembly across seasons in different elevations in mountain forest ecosystems. In this study, the diversity, compositions, community assembly processes, and co-occurrence interactions of soil bacterial communities were investigated using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes across different seasons during two consecutive years (2016 and 2017) at two elevational sites in Mount Gongga, China. These two sites included an evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF, 2100 m a.s.l.) and a dark coniferous forest (DCF, 3000 m a.s.l.). The results showed that bacterial diversity and structure varied considerably between the two elevational sites with only limited seasonal variations. Interannuality had a significant effect on the diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities. The bacterial alpha diversity was significantly higher at site EBF(e.g., OTUs richness, 2207 ± 276) than at site DCF(e.g., OTUs richness, 1826 ± 315). Soil pH, temperature, elevation, and water content were identified as important factors shaping soil bacterial communities in the mountain forests. Bacterial community assembly was primarily governed by deterministic processes regardless of elevation and season. Deterministic processes were stronger at site DCF than at EBF. The soil bacterial community at site EBF harbored a more complex and connected network with less resistance to environmental changes. Overall, this study showed that seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities were much weaker than those along elevations, implying that a single-season survey on a bacterial community along an elevational gradient can represent overall changes in the bacterial community. KEY POINTS: • Seasonal dynamics of soil bacterial communities were studied in Mount Gongga. • The bacterial community was mainly affected by elevation rather than season. • Deterministic processes dominated bacterial community assembly. • The bacterial network was more complex but less stable at EBF than at DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Section of Climate Science, Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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25
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Ma TY, Liu XY, Xu SQ, Guo HR, Huang H, Hu CC, Wu D, Sun ZC, Chen CJ, Song W. Levels and variations of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen among forests in a hotspot region of high nitrogen deposition. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136620. [PMID: 32019017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have distinctly enhanced the deposition levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollutants into terrestrial ecosystems, but whether and to what extents soil carbon (C) and N status have been influenced by elevated N inputs remain poorly understood in the 'real' world given related knowledge has largely based on N-addition experiments. Here we reported soil organic C (OC) and total N (TN) for twenty-seven forests along a gradient of N deposition (22.4-112.9 kg N/ha/yr) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of northern China, a global hotspot of high N pollution. Levels of soil TN in forests of the BTH region have been elevated compared with investigations in past decades, suggesting that long-term N deposition might cause soil TN increases. Combining with major geographical and environmental factors among the study forests, we found unexpectedly that soil moisture and pH values rather than N deposition levels were major regulators of the observed spatial variations of soil OC and TN contents. As soil moisture and pH values increased with mean annual precipitation and temperature, respectively, soil C and N status in forests of the BTH region might be more responsive to climate change than to N pollution. These evidence suggests that both N deposition and climate differences should be considered into managing ecosystem functions of forest resources in regions with high N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shi-Qi Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Ran Guo
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao-Chen Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhong-Cong Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chong-Juan Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Tanaka T, Thiry Y. Assessing the recycling of chlorine and its long-lived 36Cl isotope in terrestrial ecosystems through dynamic modeling. Sci Total Environ 2020; 700:134482. [PMID: 31689653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear to what extent chlorine (Cl) and its long-lived isotope 36Cl are recycled in different terrestrial environments in response to time-variable inputs. A new version of a dynamic compartment model was developed to examine the transformation and transfer processes influencing the partitioning and persistence of both Cl and 36Cl in forest ecosystems. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing simulations and field observations of scenarios of stable Cl atmospheric deposition and of global 36Cl fallout. The model reproduced Cl storage in soil reasonably well, despite wide heterogeneity in environmental conditions and atmospheric deposits. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the natural production of organochlorine in soil plays a major role in Cl build-up and affects long-term Cl dynamics. The timeframe required for the soil organochlorine pool to reach equilibrium in a steady-state system was several thousands of years. Interestingly, root uptake flux, a predominant pathway of the inorganic cycle, was found to affect both inorganic and organic pools in soil, highlighting the importance of plant-soil interactions in Cl dynamics. Model outputs agreed well with local 36Cl measurements, and demonstrated that 90% of the 36Cl found in soil may have come from bomb-test fallout. The pattern of estimated 36Cl/Cl ratios showed that soil 36Cl was not in equilibrium with 36Cl levels in rain input in the post-bomb period. Complete recovery of a natural isotopic ratio in drainage water will need a time close to the residence time of organic 36Cl in soil: i.e., 800 years. A simple dynamic model concept was found to be suitable to illustrate the plant-soil interactions combining both the inorganic and organic Cl cycles acting over different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tanaka
- EDF R&D, LNHE, 6 Quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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27
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Ma M, Du H, Wang D. A New Perspective is Required to Understand the Role of Forest Ecosystems in Global Mercury Cycle: A Review. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:650-656. [PMID: 30877319 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants, which can be easily transmitted and enriched through the food chain, posing severe threat to human beings. Forest ecosystems are one of the most active environments for biogeochemical cycles of Hg. It is essential to research on Hg cycling in the forest ecosystem, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of global biogeochemical cycle of Hg. However, there is still a lack of consensus on whether the forest ecosystem is a "source" or "sink" of Hg in the global Hg cycle so far. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the current state of knowledge on Hg deposition, transformation and fate in the forest ecosystem, especially the existing puzzles or issues encountered by scientists worldwide. This review highlights the complexity and uncertainties of Hg cycling in forest ecosystems. It is proposed that a new perspective is required to further understand the role of forest ecosystems in global Hg cycle based on a sufficient understanding of Hg exchange fluxes at the interface of air-soil and air-plant, Hg deposition flux through litterfall, and accurate construction of Hg mass balance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource for Bioenergy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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28
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Kolka RK, Riggs CE, Nater EA, Wickman TR, Witt EL, Butcher JT. Temporal fluctuations in young-of-the-year yellow perch mercury bioaccumulation in lakes of northeastern Minnesota. Sci Total Environ 2019; 656:475-481. [PMID: 30522030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying what determines fish mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation remains a key scientific challenge. While there has been substantial research on spatial variation in fish Hg bioaccumulation, the factors that influence temporal fluctuations in fish Hg have received less attention to date. In this study, we built upon a growing body of research investigating young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch Hg bioaccumulation and investigated annual fluctuations in YOY yellow perch Hg in six lakes in northeastern Minnesota over eight years. After accounting for spatial variation between the study lakes, we used model averaging to identify the lake physiochemical and climate factors that best explain temporal variation in fish biomass and fish Hg. Fish biomass of YOY yellow perch had a positive relationship with chlorophyll-α and total Kjeldahl nitrogen and a negative relationship with dissolved iron and dissolved oxygen. There was a positive relationship between annual variation in yellow perch Hg concentration and annual variation in lake total suspended solids, dissolved Fe and pH. Additionally, there was a negative relationship between fish Hg concentration and lake total Kjeldahl nitrogen and growing degree days. Together, our results suggest that annual variation in allochthonous inputs from the watershed, in-lake processes, and climate variables can explain temporal patterns in Hg bioaccumulation and growth biodilution is an important process controlling yellow perch Hg concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall K Kolka
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1831 Highway 169 East, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA.
| | - Charlotte E Riggs
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Edward A Nater
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Trent R Wickman
- USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region, 8901 Grand Ave Place, Duluth, MN 55808, USA.
| | - Emma L Witt
- Stockton University, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA.
| | - Jason T Butcher
- USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest, 8901 Grand Ave Place, Duluth, MN 55808, USA.
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29
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Lin W, Wu K, Lao Z, Hu W, Lin B, Li Y, Fan H, Hu J. Assessment of trace metal contamination and ecological risk in the forest ecosystem of dexing mining area in northeast Jiangxi Province, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 167:76-82. [PMID: 30308403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Samples of soil, earthworms, and tree roots from the forest ecosystem in the Dexing Pb/Zn mining area of Jiangxi Province were collected and the status of trace metal pollution analyzed to assess potential ecological risks. Chemometric and geographic information system methods were used to identify and describe the spatial distributions and the main contamination sources of trace metals. The order of potential ecological risks of trace metals in this area are as follows: cadmium (Cd) > arsenic (As) > copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > lead (Pb) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn). Elemental spatial distribution maps showed the existence of zones heavily polluted by trace metals around the mining area. Earthworms and roots of three tree species were also heavily contaminated, with concentrations of trace metals in earthworms much higher than in previous studies. The potential ecological risk index and other soil quality indices indicated that soil had moderate to severe contamination and there were high ecological risks, with Cd making the greatest contribution. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that Cd, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil came from a mining activity source, whereas Ni and Cr primarily originated from a natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kangming Wu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Zhilang Lao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Boji Lin
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Hongbo Fan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
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30
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Cheng Y, Wang J, Chang SX, Cai Z, Müller C, Zhang J. Nitrogen deposition affects both net and gross soil nitrogen transformations in forest ecosystems: A review. Environ Pollut 2019; 244:608-616. [PMID: 30384066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has rapidly increased and is influencing forest ecosystem processes and functions on a global scale. Understanding process-specific N transformations, i.e., gross N transformations, in forest soils in response to N deposition is of great significance to gain mechanistic insights on the linkages between global N deposition and N availability or loss in forest soils. In this paper, we review factors controlling N mineralization, nitrification and N immobilization, particularly in relation to N deposition, discuss the limitations of net N transformation studies, and synthesize the literature on the effect of N deposition on gross N transformations in forest ecosystems. We found that more than 97% of published papers evaluating the effect of N deposition (including N addition experiments that simulate N deposition) on soil N cycle determined net rates of mineralization and nitrification, showing that N deposition significantly increased those rates by 24.9 and 153.9%, respectively. However, studies on net N transformation do not provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of N deposition on N cycling. To date, a small number of studies (<20 published papers) have directly quantified the effect of N deposition on gross N transformation rates, limiting our understanding of the response of soil N cycling to N deposition. The responses to N deposition of specific N transformation processes such as autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, N mineralization, and N immobilization are poorly studied. Future research needs to use more holistic approaches to study the impact of N deposition on gross N transformation rates, N loss and retention, and their microbial-driven mechanisms to provide a better understanding of the processes involved in N transformations, and to understand the differential responses between forest and other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, China.
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31
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Nishina K, Hashimoto S, Imamura N, Ohashi S, Komatsu M, Kaneko S, Hayashi S. Calibration of forest 137Cs cycling model "FoRothCs" via approximate Bayesian computation based on 6-year observations from plantation forests in Fukushima. J Environ Radioact 2018; 193-194:82-90. [PMID: 30218793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the environmental fate of 137Cs in forest ecosystems along with the concentrations of 137Cs in tree parts are important for the managements of radioactively contaminated forests. In this study, we calibrate the Forest RothC and Cs model (FoRothCs), a forest ecosystem 137Cs dynamics model, using observational data obtained over six years from four forest sites with different levels of 137Cs contamination from Fukushima Prefecture. To this end, we applied an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) technique based on the observed 137Cs concentrations (Bq kg-1) of five compartments (leaf, branch, stem, litter, and soil) in a Japanese cedar plantation. The environmental decay (increment) constants of the five compartments were used as the summary statistics (i.e., the metric for model performance) to infer the five parameters related to 137Cs transfer processes in FoRothCs. The ABC technique successfully reconciled the model outputs with the observed trends in 137Cs concentrations at all sites during the study period. Furthermore, the estimated parameters are in agreement with the literature values (e.g., the root uptake rates of 137Cs). Our study demonstrates that model calibration with ABC based on the trends in 137Cs concentrations of multi compartments is useful for reducing the prediction uncertainty of 137Cs dynamics in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nishina
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 305-8506, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 305-8687, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Imamura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 305-8687, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinta Ohashi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 305-8687, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 305-8687, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaneko
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 612-0855, 68, Nagaikyutaro, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 963-7700, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Fukushima, Japan
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32
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Das R, Romi W, Das R, Sharma HK, Thakur D. Antimicrobial potentiality of actinobacteria isolated from two microbiologically unexplored forest ecosystems of Northeast India. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:71. [PMID: 29996765 PMCID: PMC6042205 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacteria are often known to be great producers of antibiotics. The rapid increase in the global burden of antibiotic-resistance with the concurrent decline in the discovery of new antimicrobial molecules necessitates the search for novel and effective antimicrobial metabolites from unexplored ecological niches. The present study investigated the antimicrobial producing actinobacterial strains isolated from the soils of two microbiologically unexplored forest ecosystems, viz. Nameri National Park (NNP) and Panidehing Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS), located in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity hotspot region. RESULTS A total of 172 putative isolates of actinobacteria were isolated, of which 24 isolates showed strong antimicrobial bioactivity. Evaluation of the ethyl acetate extracts of culture supernatants against test microbial strains revealed that isolates PWS22, PWS41, PWS12, PWS52, PWS11, NNPR15, NNPR38, and NNPR69 were the potent producers of antimicrobial metabolites. The antimicrobial isolates dominantly belonged to Streptomyces, followed by Nocardia and Streptosporangium. Some of these isolates could be putative novel taxa. Analysis of the antimicrobial biosynthetic genes (type II polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes) showed that the antimicrobial metabolites were associated with pigment production and belonged to known families of bioactive secondary metabolites. Characterization of the antimicrobial metabolites of Streptomyces sp. PWS52, which showed lowest taxonomic identity among the studied potent antimicrobial metabolite producers, and their interaction with the test strains using GC-MS, UHPLC-MS, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the potential bioactivity of PWS52 was due to the production of active antifungal and antibacterial metabolites like 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, benzeneacetic acid and nalidixic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the unexplored soil habitats of NNP and PWS forest ecosystems of Northeast India harbor previously undescribed actinobacteria with the capability to produce diverse antimicrobial metabolites that may be explored to overcome the rapidly rising global concern about antibiotic-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Das
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035 India
| | - Wahengbam Romi
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Rictika Das
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035 India
| | | | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035 India
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33
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Wan JZ, Wang CJ, Qu H, Liu R, Zhang ZX. Vulnerability of forest vegetation to anthropogenic climate change in China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:1633-1641. [PMID: 29122346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
China has large areas of forest vegetation that are critical to biodiversity and carbon storage. It is important to assess vulnerability of forest vegetation to anthropogenic climate change in China because it may change the distributions and species compositions of forest vegetation. Based on the equilibrium assumption of forest communities across different spatial and temporal scales, we used species distribution modelling coupled with endemics-area relationship to assess the vulnerability of 204 forest communities across 16 vegetation types under different climate change scenarios in China. By mapping the vulnerability of forest vegetation to climate change, we determined that 78.9% and 61.8% of forest vegetation should be relatively stable in the low and high concentration scenarios, respectively. There were large vulnerable areas of forest vegetation under anthropogenic climate change in northeastern and southwestern China. The vegetation of subtropical mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest, cold-temperate and temperate mountains needleleaf forest, and temperate mixed needleleaf and broadleaf deciduous forest types were the most vulnerable under climate change. Furthermore, the vulnerability of forest vegetation may increase due to high greenhouse gas concentrations. Given our estimates of forest vegetation vulnerability to anthropogenic climate change, it is critical that we ensure long-term monitoring of forest vegetation responses to future climate change to assess our projections against observations. We need to better integrate projected changes of temperature and precipitation into climate-adaptive conservation strategies for forest vegetation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Wan
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Jing Wang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Qu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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34
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Jing X, Chen X, Tang M, Ding Z, Jiang L, Li P, Ma S, Tian D, Xu L, Zhu J, Ji C, Shen H, Zheng C, Fang J, Zhu B. Nitrogen deposition has minor effect on soil extracellular enzyme activities in six Chinese forests. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:806-815. [PMID: 28711842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzymes play a key role in mediating a range of forest ecosystem functions (i.e., carbon and nutrients cycling and biological productivity), particularly in the face of atmospheric N deposition that has been increasing at an unprecedented rate globally. However, most studies have focused only on surface soils in a single ecosystem. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the effect of simulated N deposition on the activities and ratios of soil enzymes changes with soil depth across six forest ecosystems in eastern China. We collected soil samples from three blocks×four soil depths (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm)×three N treatment levels (control, 50 and 100kgNha-1year-1) at each of the six forest ecosystems. We measured the activities of seven soil enzymes involved in C-, N- and P-cycling. We found that 4-5years of N addition had no significant effect on the activities and ratios of these enzymes in most cases. The interactions among N addition, site and soil depth on soil enzyme activities were not significant, except that acid phosphatase activity showed site-specific responses to N addition. Our findings suggest that the activities of soil enzymes involved in C- and N-cycling generally do not track simulated N deposition in the six forest ecosystems. Further work on plant, soil and microbial characteristics is needed to better understand the mechanisms of soil enzyme activities in response to N deposition in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mao Tang
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongju Ding
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jianxiao Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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35
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Tian D, Jiang L, Ma S, Fang W, Schmid B, Xu L, Zhu J, Li P, Losapio G, Jing X, Zheng C, Shen H, Xu X, Zhu B, Fang J. Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbial communities in temperate and subtropical forests in China. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:1367-1375. [PMID: 28738512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition has aroused large concerns because of its potential negative effects on forest ecosystems. Although microorganisms play a vital role in ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, the effect of N deposition on soil microbiota still remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the responses of microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and microbial community composition to 4-5years of experimentally simulated N deposition in temperate needle-leaf forests and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests in eastern China, using chloroform fumigation extraction and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) methods. We found idiosyncratic effects of N addition on microbial biomass in these two types of forest ecosystems. In the subtropical forests, N addition showed a significant negative effect on microbial biomass and community composition, while the effect of N addition was not significant in the temperate forests. The N addition decreased MBC, MBN, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the F/B ratio (ratio of fungi to bacteria biomass) in the subtropical forests, likely due to a decreased soil pH and changes in the plant community composition. These results showed that microbial biomass and community composition in subtropical forests, compared with the temperate forests, were sensitive to N deposition. Our findings suggest that N deposition may have negative influence on soil microorganisms and potentially alter carbon and nutrient cycling in subtropical forests, rather than in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tian
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jianxiao Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gianalberto Losapio
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyang Zheng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoniu Xu
- Department of Forestry, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Lamsal P, Kumar L, Atreya K, Pant KP. Vulnerability and impacts of climate change on forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems in Nepal: A review. Ambio 2017; 46:915-930. [PMID: 28573600 PMCID: PMC5639795 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) threatens ecosystems in both developed and developing countries. As the impacts of CC are pervasive, global, and mostly irreversible, it is gaining worldwide attention. Here we review vulnerability and impacts of CC on forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems. We particularly look at investigations undertaken at different geographic regions in order to identify existing knowledge gaps and possible implications from such vulnerability in the context of Nepal along with available adaptation programs and national-level policy supports. Different categories of impacts which are attributed to disrupting structure, function, and habitat of both forest and wetland ecosystems are identified and discussed. We show that though still unaccounted, many facets of forest and freshwater wetland ecosystems of Nepal are vulnerable and likely to be impacted by CC in the near future. Provisioning ecosystem services and landscape-level ecosystem conservation are anticipated to be highly threatened with future CC. Finally, the need for prioritizing CC research in Nepal is highlighted to close the existing knowledge gap along with the implementation of adaptation measures based on existing location specific traditional socio-ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Lamsal
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Lalit Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Kishor Atreya
- Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources (ANSAB), P.O. Box 11035, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Lara-Romero J, Campos-García J, Dasgupta-Schubert N, Borjas-García S, Tiwari DK, Paraguay-Delgado F, Jiménez-Sandoval S, Alonso-Nuñez G, Gómez-Romero M, Lindig-Cisneros R, Reyes De la Cruz H, Villegas JA. Biological effects of carbon nanotubes generated in forest wildfire ecosystems rich in resinous trees on native plants. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3658. [PMID: 28828256 PMCID: PMC5562139 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a broad range of applications and are generally considered human-engineered nanomaterials. However, carbon nanostructures have been found in ice cores and oil wells, suggesting that nature may provide appropriate conditions for CNT synthesis. During forest wildfires, materials such as turpentine and conifer tissues containing iron under high temperatures may create chemical conditions favorable for CNT generation, similar to those in synthetic methods. Here, we show evidence of naturally occurring multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced from Pinus oocarpa and Pinus pseudostrobus, following a forest wildfire. The MWCNTs showed an average of 10 walls, with internal diameters of ∼2.5 nm and outer diameters of ∼14.5 nm. To verify whether MWCNT generation during forest wildfires has a biological effect on some characteristic plant species of these ecosystems, germination and development of seedlings were conducted. Results show that the utilization of comparable synthetic MWCNTs increased seed germination rates and the development of Lupinus elegans and Eysenhardtia polystachya, two plants species found in the burned forest ecosystem. The finding provides evidence that supports the generation and possible ecological functions of MWCNTs in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Lara-Romero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | | | - D K Tiwari
- CONACYT-El Colegio de Michoacán/Ladipa, La Piedad, México
| | | | - Sergio Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriel Alonso-Nuñez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mariela Gómez-Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lindig-Cisneros
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes De la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Javier A Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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38
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Wang J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Kang R. A relative method for measuring nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from forest soils. Sci Total Environ 2017; 574:544-552. [PMID: 27648532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many forest ecosystems in the world are suffering from high load of nitrogen (N) deposition and acting as potential contributors to atmospheric nitric oxide (NO), which regulates the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. However, the observation of NO flux with traditional dynamic chamber method is laborious in the forest ecosystem, particularly when the electric power generation system is unavailable. In this work, a relative method based on Fick's law of diffusion was developed to measure NO fluxes from forest soils. This method describes the relationship between NO and other trace gases, such as N2O or CO2, concerning gas fluxes and gas concentration gradients between the uppermost soil layer and the atmosphere. This relative method can be expressed as two forms: based on the directly obtained soil gas and based on the equilibrium gas at soil water surface. To testify the applicability of this method, both laboratory and field experiments were conducted with soil from an N-saturated subtropical forest in Southwestern China. The results demonstrate that the NO fluxes measured based on the later form agreed well with those observed by chamber method, with the deviation rates of around 9% and 30%, respectively. In conclusion, this relative method provides a sound methodological basis for interpreting NO flux variations in the field, especially in N-saturated forest ecosystems, and allows an improvement of statistical N-budget in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, postbox 5003, Ås 1432, Norway
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39
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Chandra LR, Gupta S, Pande V, Singh N. Impact of forest vegetation on soil characteristics: a correlation between soil biological and physico-chemical properties. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:188. [PMID: 28330260 PMCID: PMC5009054 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperate and dry deciduous forest covers major portion of terrestrial ecosystem in India. The two forest types with different dominant tree species differ in litter quality and root exudates, thereby exerting species-specific impact on soil properties and microbial activity. This study aims to examine the influence of forest type or dominant tree species on soil physico-chemical properties and its relationship with microbial characters in temperate and dry deciduous forest types. We assessed soil physico-chemical properties among five different sites located within the selected forest stand covered by different dominant species. The soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN) and phosphorous (MBP) were recorded high in oak soil, i.e., the MBC/TOC ratio was significantly higher in dry deciduous forest. Basal respiration was recorded highest at oak-mixed soil while qCO2 was comparatively high in oak soil. Temperate forest displayed the highest MBC/MBN ratio, while dry deciduous forest had the highest MBC/MBP ratio. Moreover, the MBN/TN ratio was found high in dry deciduous forest, whereas MBP/TP ratio was high in temperate forest. Additionally, the enzyme activities were significantly higher in an oak-mixed soil among all the sites. The results displayed that the soil microbial characters and soil physico-chemical uniqueness are interrelated, and were significantly influenced by specific forest type and climatic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Chandra
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - S. Gupta
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - V. Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - N. Singh
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
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Sakai M, Gomi T, Negishi JN. Fallout volume and litter type affect 137Cs concentration difference in litter between forest and stream environments. J Environ Radioact 2016; 164:169-173. [PMID: 27479036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the changes in the 137Cs concentration in litter through leaching when considering that 137Cs is transferred from basal food resources to animals in forested streams. We found that the difference of 137Cs activity concentration in litter between forest and stream was associated with both litter type and 137Cs fallout volume around Fukushima, Japan. The 137Cs activity concentrations in the litter of evergreen conifers tended to be greater than those in the litter of broad-leaved deciduous trees because of the absence of deciduous leaves during the fallout period in March 2011. Moreover, 137Cs activity concentrations in forest litter were greater with respect to the 137Cs fallout volume. The 137Cs activity concentrations in stream litter were much lower than those in forest litter when those in forest litter were higher. The 137Cs leaching patterns indicated that the differences in 137Cs activity concentration between forest and stream litter could change with changes in both fallout volume and litter type. Because litter is an important basal food resource in the food webs of both forests and streams, the 137Cs concentration gradient reflects to possible 137Cs transfer from lower to higher trophic animals. Our findings will improve our understanding of the spatial heterogeneity and variability of 137Cs concentrations in animals resident to the contaminated landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Takashi Gomi
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Junjiro N Negishi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0860, Japan.
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41
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Niizato T, Abe H, Mitachi K, Sasaki Y, Ishii Y, Watanabe T. Input and output budgets of radiocesium concerning the forest floor in the mountain forest of Fukushima released from the TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2016; 161:11-21. [PMID: 27131868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estimations of radiocesium input and output concerning the forest floor within a mountain forest region have been conducted in the north and central part of the Abukuma Mountains of Fukushima, northeast Japan, after a 2-3 year period following the TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. The radiocesium input and output associated with surface washoff, throughfall, stemflow, and litterfall processes at experimental plots installed on the forest floor of evergreen Japanese cedars and deciduous Konara oaks have been monitored. Despite the high output potential in the mountainous forest of Fukushima, the results at both monitoring locations show the radiocesium input to be 4-50 times higher than the output during the summer monsoon in Fukushima. These results indicate that the radiocesium tends to be preserved in the forest ecosystem due to extremely low output ratios (0.05%-0.19%). Thus, the associated fluxes throughout the circulation process are key issues for the projecting the environmental fate of the radiocesium levels, along with the subsequent reconstruction of life emphasized within the setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Niizato
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Abe
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Mitachi
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Yoshito Sasaki
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan
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42
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Rizzetto S, Belyazid S, Gégout JC, Nicolas M, Alard D, Corcket E, Gaudio N, Sverdrup H, Probst A. Modelling the impact of climate change and atmospheric N deposition on French forests biodiversity. Environ Pollut 2016; 213:1016-1027. [PMID: 26809502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic coupled biogeochemical-ecological model was used to simulate the effects of nitrogen deposition and climate change on plant communities at three forest sites in France. The three sites had different forest covers (sessile oak, Norway spruce and silver fir), three nitrogen loads ranging from relatively low to high, different climatic regions and different soil types. Both the availability of vegetation time series and the environmental niches of the understory species allowed to evaluate the model for predicting the composition of the three plant communities. The calibration of the environmental niches was successful, with a model performance consistently reasonably high throughout the three sites. The model simulations of two climatic and two deposition scenarios showed that climate change may entirely compromise the eventual recovery from eutrophication of the simulated plant communities in response to the reductions in nitrogen deposition. The interplay between climate and deposition was strongly governed by site characteristics and histories in the long term, while forest management remained the main driver of change in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Belyazid
- Institute of Ecology, CEC Group, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Gégout
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54000 Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1092 LERFOB, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts, Direction Forêts et Risques Naturels, Département R&D Boulevard de Constance F-77300 Fontainebleau
| | - Didier Alard
- Université de Bordeaux - INRA, UMR 1202 BioGeco, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Emmanuel Corcket
- Université de Bordeaux - INRA, UMR 1202 BioGeco, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Noémie Gaudio
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, France
| | - Harald Sverdrup
- Industrial Engineering, VR-II, Hjardarhagi 2-6, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anne Probst
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, France.
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Zhan X, Yu G, He N, Jia B, Zhou M, Wang C, Zhang J, Zhao G, Wang S, Liu Y, Yan J. Inorganic nitrogen wet deposition: Evidence from the North-South Transect of Eastern China. Environ Pollut 2015; 204:1-8. [PMID: 25898231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the spatio-temporal variation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) deposition in eight typical forest ecosystems of Eastern China for three consecutive years. DIN deposition exhibited an increasing gradient from north to south, with N-NH4(+) as the predominant contributor. DIN deposition in precipitation changed after interaction with the forest canopy, and serious ecological perturbations are expected in this region. DIN deposition presented seasonal fluctuations, which might be ascribed to agricultural activity, fossil-fuel combustion and environmental factors (i.e., wind direction, soil temperature). Notably, N fertilizer use (FN), energy consumption (E), and precipitation (P) jointly explained 84.3% of the spatial variation in DIN deposition, of which FN (27.2%) was the most important, followed by E (24.8%), and finally P (9.3%). The findings demonstrate that DIN deposition is regulated by precipitation mainly via anthropogenic N emissions, and this analysis provides decision-makers a novel view for N pollution abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - G Yu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - N He
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - B Jia
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - M Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - C Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - G Zhao
- Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Y Liu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - J Yan
- South China Botany Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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