1
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Franco ADODR, Ashworth MP, Odebrecht C. Comparison between p-distance and single-locus species delimitation models for delineating reproductively tested strains of pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) using cox1, rbcL and ITS. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2023; 70:e12986. [PMID: 37243408 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several automated molecular methods have emerged for distinguishing eukaryote species based on DNA sequence data. However, there are knowledge gaps around which of these single-locus methods is more accurate for the identification of microalgal species, such as the highly diverse and ecologically relevant diatoms. We applied genetic divergence, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation (ABGD), Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), Statistical Parsimony Network Analysis (SPNA), Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) using partial cox1, rbcL, 5.8S + ITS2, ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 markers to delineate species and compare to published polyphasic identification data (morphological features, phylogeny and sexual reproductive isolation) to test the resolution of these methods. ASAP, ABGD, SPNA and PTP models resolved species of Eunotia, Seminavis, Nitzschia, Sellaphora and Pseudo-nitzschia corresponding to previous polyphasic identification, including reproductive isolation studies. In most cases, these models identified diatom species in similar ways, regardless of sequence fragment length. GMYC model presented smallest number of results that agreed with previous published identification. Following the recommendations for proper use of each model presented in the present study, these models can be useful tools to identify cryptic or closely related species of diatoms, even when the datasets have relatively few sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt P Ashworth
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Clarisse Odebrecht
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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2
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Montuori E, Martinez KA, De Luca D, Ianora A, Lauritano C. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Diatom Asterionellopsis thurstonii and In Silico Identification of Enzymes Potentially Involved in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020126. [PMID: 36827167 PMCID: PMC9959416 DOI: 10.3390/md21020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae produce a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites with possible applications in several market sectors, including cosmetics, human nutrition, aquaculture, biodiesel production and treatment/prevention of human diseases. Diatoms, in particular, are the most diversified microalgal group, many species of which are known to have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Compounds responsible for these activities are often still unknown. The aim of this study was to de novo sequence the full transcriptome of two strains of the diatom Asterionellopsis thurstonii, sampled from two different locations and cultured in both control and phosphate starvation conditions. We used an RNA-sequencing approach to in silico identify transcripts potentially involved in the synthesis/degradation of compounds with anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. We identified transcript coding for L-asparaginase I, polyketide cyclase/dehydrase, bifunctional polyketide phosphatase/kinase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (fragment), inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5B/F, catechol O-Methyltransferase, digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DGD1), 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-beta-galactosyltransferase and glycerolphosphodiester phosphodiesterase. Differential expression analysis also allowed to identify in which culturing condition these enzymes are more expressed. Overall, these data give new insights on the annotation of diatom genes, enzymatic pathways involved in the generation of bioactive molecules and possible exploitation of Asterionellopsis thurstonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Kevin A. Martinez
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: author:
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3
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Gastineau R, Davidovich NA, Davidovich OI, Lemieux C, Turmel M, Wróbel RJ, Witkowski A. Extreme Enlargement of the Inverted Repeat Region in the Plastid Genomes of Diatoms from the Genus Climaconeis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7155. [PMID: 34281209 PMCID: PMC8268801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We sequenced the plastid genomes of three diatoms from the genus Climaconeis, including two strains formerly designated as Climaconeis scalaris. At 208,097 and 216,580 bp, the plastid genomes of the latter strains are the largest ever sequenced among diatoms and their increased size is explained by the massive expansion of the inverted repeat region. Important rearrangements of gene order were identified among the two populations of Climaconeis cf. scalaris. The other sequenced Climaconeis chloroplast genome is 1.5 times smaller compared with those of the Climaconeis cf. scalaris strains and it features an usual quadripartite structure. The extensive structural changes reported here for the genus Climaconeis are compared with those previously observed for other algae and plants displaying large plastid genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Nikolaï A. Davidovich
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Olga I. Davidovich
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Claude Lemieux
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Monique Turmel
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Rafał J. Wróbel
- Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
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4
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De Luca D, Piredda R, Sarno D, Kooistra WHCF. Resolving cryptic species complexes in marine protists: phylogenetic haplotype networks meet global DNA metabarcoding datasets. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1931-1942. [PMID: 33589768 PMCID: PMC8245484 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marine protists have traditionally been assumed to be lowly diverse and cosmopolitan. Yet, several recent studies have shown that many protist species actually consist of cryptic complexes of species whose members are often restricted to particular biogeographic regions. Nonetheless, detection of cryptic species is usually hampered by sampling coverage and application of methods (e.g. phylogenetic trees) that are not well suited to identify relatively recent divergence and ongoing gene flow. In this paper, we show how these issues can be overcome by inferring phylogenetic haplotype networks from global metabarcoding datasets. We use the Chaetoceros curvisetus (Bacillariophyta) species complex as study case. Using two complementary metabarcoding datasets (Ocean Sampling Day and Tara Oceans), we equally resolve the cryptic complex in terms of number of inferred species. We detect new hypothetical species in both datasets. Gene flow between most of species is absent, but no barcoding gap exists. Some species have restricted distribution patterns whereas others are widely distributed. Closely related taxa occupy contrasting biogeographic regions, suggesting that geographic and ecological differentiation drive speciation. In conclusion, we show the potential of the analysis of metabarcoding data with evolutionary approaches for systematic and phylogeographic studies of marine protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Botanical Garden of Naples, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Piredda
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Sarno
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Wiebe H C F Kooistra
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Gastineau R, Hansen G, Poulin M, Lemieux C, Turmel M, Bardeau JF, Leignel V, Hardivillier Y, Morançais M, Fleurence J, Gaudin P, Méléder V, Cox EJ, Davidovich NA, Davidovich OI, Witkowski A, Kaczmarska I, Ehrman JM, Soler Onís E, Quintana AM, Mucko M, Mordret S, Sarno D, Jacquette B, Falaise C, Séveno J, Lindquist NL, Kemp PS, Eker-Develi E, Konucu M, Mouget JL. Haslea silbo, A Novel Cosmopolitan Species of Blue Diatoms. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040328. [PMID: 33919887 PMCID: PMC8070900 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of a new species of blue diatoms from the genus Haslea Simonsen were discovered in geographically distant sampling sites, first in the Canary Archipelago, then North Carolina, Gulf of Naples, the Croatian South Adriatic Sea, and Turkish coast of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. An exhaustive characterization of these specimens, using a combined morphological and genomic approach led to the conclusion that they belong to a single new to science cosmopolitan species, Haslea silbo sp. nov. A preliminary characterization of its blue pigment shows similarities to marennine produced by Haslea ostrearia, as evidenced by UV-visible spectrophotometry and Raman spectrometry. Life cycle stages including auxosporulation were also observed, providing data on the cardinal points of this species. For the two most geographically distant populations (North Carolina and East Mediterranean), complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes were sequenced. The mitogenomes of both strains share a rare atp6 pseudogene, but the number, nature, and positions of the group II introns inside its cox1 gene differ between the two populations. There are also two pairs of genes fused in single ORFs. The plastid genomes are characterized by large regions of recombination with plasmid DNA, which are in both cases located between the ycf35 and psbA genes, but whose content differs between the strains. The two sequenced strains hosts three plasmids coding for putative serine recombinase protein whose sequences are compared, and four out of six of these plasmids were highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gert Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Michel Poulin
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada;
| | - Claude Lemieux
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Monique Turmel
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Jean-François Bardeau
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM UMR 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (J.-F.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Yann Hardivillier
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Michèle Morançais
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Joël Fleurence
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Pierre Gaudin
- UMR 6112 CNRS LPG, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Nantes Université, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Vona Méléder
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Eileen J. Cox
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Nikolaï A. Davidovich
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Olga I. Davidovich
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Irena Kaczmarska
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada;
| | - James M. Ehrman
- Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada;
| | - Emilio Soler Onís
- Observatorio Canario de Algas Nocivas (OCHABs), Parque Científico Tecnólogico Marino de Taliarte (FPCT-ULPGC), c/ Miramar, 121 Taliarte, 35214 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain;
| | - Antera Martel Quintana
- Banco Español de Algas (BEA), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Islas Canarias, Spain;
| | - Maja Mucko
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Solenn Mordret
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Sarno
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Boris Jacquette
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM UMR 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (J.-F.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Charlotte Falaise
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Julie Séveno
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Niels L. Lindquist
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA;
| | - Philip S. Kemp
- Kemp Fisheries LLC, 2333 Shore Drive, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA;
| | - Elif Eker-Develi
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, Mersin 33343, Turkey; (E.E.-D.); (M.K.)
| | - Merve Konucu
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, Mersin 33343, Turkey; (E.E.-D.); (M.K.)
- BW24-Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
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6
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Sadeghi M, Tomaru Y, Ahola T. RNA Viruses in Aquatic Unicellular Eukaryotes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030362. [PMID: 33668994 PMCID: PMC7996518 DOI: 10.3390/v13030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing sequence information indicates that RNA viruses constitute a major fraction of marine virus assemblages. However, only 12 RNA virus species have been described, infecting known host species of marine single-celled eukaryotes. Eight of these use diatoms as hosts, while four are resident in dinoflagellate, raphidophyte, thraustochytrid, or prasinophyte species. Most of these belong to the order Picornavirales, while two are divergent and fall into the families Alvernaviridae and Reoviridae. However, a very recent study has suggested that there is extraordinary diversity in aquatic RNA viromes, describing thousands of viruses, many of which likely use protist hosts. Thus, RNA viruses are expected to play a major ecological role for marine unicellular eukaryotic hosts. In this review, we describe in detail what has to date been discovered concerning viruses with RNA genomes that infect aquatic unicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Yuji Tomaru
- Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan;
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.A.)
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7
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Fei C, Ochsenkühn MA, Shibl AA, Isaac A, Wang C, Amin SA. Quorum sensing regulates 'swim-or-stick' lifestyle in the phycosphere. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4761-4778. [PMID: 32896070 PMCID: PMC7693213 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria play major roles in global biogeochemical cycles and oceanic nutrient fluxes. These interactions occur in the microenvironment surrounding phytoplankton cells, known as the phycosphere. Bacteria in the phycosphere use either chemotaxis or attachment to benefit from algal excretions. Both processes are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a cell–cell signalling mechanism that uses small infochemicals to coordinate bacterial gene expression. However, the role of QS in regulating bacterial attachment in the phycosphere is not clear. Here, we isolated a Sulfitobacter pseudonitzschiae F5 and a Phaeobacter sp. F10 belonging to the marine Roseobacter group and an Alteromonas macleodii F12 belonging to Alteromonadaceae, from the microbial community of the ubiquitous diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis. We show that only the Roseobacter group isolates (diatom symbionts) can attach to diatom transparent exopolymeric particles. Despite all three bacteria possessing genes involved in motility, chemotaxis, and attachment, only S. pseudonitzschiae F5 and Phaeobacter sp. F10 possessed complete QS systems and could synthesize QS signals. Using UHPLC–MS/MS, we identified three QS molecules produced by both bacteria of which only 3‐oxo‐C16:1‐HSL strongly inhibited bacterial motility and stimulated attachment in the phycosphere. These findings suggest that QS signals enable colonization of the phycosphere by algal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fei
- Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael A Ochsenkühn
- Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A Shibl
- Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashley Isaac
- Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,International Max Planck Research School of Marine Microbiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Changhai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shady A Amin
- Marine Microbial Ecology Lab, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Rastogi A, Vieira FRJ, Deton-Cabanillas AF, Veluchamy A, Cantrel C, Wang G, Vanormelingen P, Bowler C, Piganeau G, Hu H, Tirichine L. A genomics approach reveals the global genetic polymorphism, structure, and functional diversity of ten accessions of the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:347-363. [PMID: 31624346 PMCID: PMC6976637 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms emerged in the Mesozoic period and presently constitute one of the main primary producers in the world's ocean and are of a major economic importance. In the current study, using whole genome sequencing of ten accessions of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, sampled at broad geospatial and temporal scales, we draw a comprehensive landscape of the genomic diversity within the species. We describe strong genetic subdivisions of the accessions into four genetic clades (A-D) with constituent populations of each clade possessing a conserved genetic and functional makeup, likely a consequence of the limited dispersal of P. tricornutum in the open ocean. We further suggest dominance of asexual reproduction across all the populations, as implied by high linkage disequilibrium. Finally, we show limited yet compelling signatures of genetic and functional convergence inducing changes in the selection pressure on many genes and metabolic pathways. We propose these findings to have significant implications for understanding the genetic structure of diatom populations in nature and provide a framework to assess the genomic underpinnings of their ecological success and impact on aquatic ecosystems where they play a major role. Our work provides valuable resources for functional genomics and for exploiting the biotechnological potential of this model diatom species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achal Rastogi
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Corteva Agriscience™, The V Ascendas, Atria Block, 12th Floor, Madhapur, Hyderabad, 500081, India
| | - Fabio Rocha Jimenez Vieira
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Flore Deton-Cabanillas
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Pieter Vanormelingen
- Department of Biology, Research Group Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gwenael Piganeau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Leila Tirichine
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, UFIP, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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9
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Tikhonenkov DV, Jhin SH, Eglit Y, Miller K, Plotnikov A, Simpson AGB, Park JS. Ecological and evolutionary patterns in the enigmatic protist genus Percolomonas (Heterolobosea; Discoba) from diverse habitats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216188. [PMID: 31465455 PMCID: PMC6715209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterotrophic flagellate Percolomonas cosmopolitus (Heterolobosea) is often observed in saline habitats worldwide, from coastal waters to saturated brines. However, only two cultures assigned to this morphospecies have been examined using molecular methods, and their 18S rRNA gene sequences are extremely different. Further the salinity tolerances of individual strains are unknown. Thus, our knowledge on the autecology and diversity in this morphospecies is deficient. Here, we report 18S rRNA gene data on seven strains similar to P. cosmopolitus from seven geographically remote locations (New Zealand, Kenya, Korea, Poland, Russia, Spain, and the USA) with sample salinities ranging from 4‰ to 280‰, and compare morphology and salinity tolerance of the nine available strains. Percolomonas cosmopolitus-like strains show few-to-no consistent morphological differences, and form six clades separated by often extremely large 18S rRNA gene divergences (up to 42.4%). Some strains grow best at salinities from 75 to 125‰ and represent halophiles. All but one of these belong to two geographically heterogeneous clusters that form a robust monophyletic group in phylogenetic trees; this likely represents an ecologically specialized subclade of halophiles. Our results suggest that P. cosmopolitus is a cluster of several cryptic species (at least), which are unlikely to be distinguished by geography. Interestingly, the 9 Percolomonas strains formed a clade in 18S rRNA gene phylogenies, unlike most previous analyses based on two sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Tikhonenkov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Soo Hwan Jhin
- Department of Oceanography, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island and Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, School of Earth System Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yana Eglit
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kai Miller
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrey Plotnikov
- Center of Shared Scientific Equipment “Persistence of Microorganisms”, Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alastair G. B. Simpson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Integrated Microbial Diversity, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jong Soo Park
- Department of Oceanography, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island and Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, School of Earth System Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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10
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Tapolczai K, Vasselon V, Bouchez A, Stenger‐Kovács C, Padisák J, Rimet F. The impact of OTU sequence similarity threshold on diatom-based bioassessment: A case study of the rivers of Mayotte (France, Indian Ocean). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:166-179. [PMID: 30680104 PMCID: PMC6342121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies on the taxonomic resolution required for bioassessment purposes have determined that resolution above species level (genus, family) is sufficient for their use as indicators of relevant environmental pressures. The high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and meta-barcoding methods now used for bioassessment traditionally employ an arbitrary sequence similarity threshold (SST) around 95% or 97% to cluster sequences into operational taxonomic units, which is considered descriptive of species-level resolution. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the SST on the resulting diatom-based ecological quality index, which is based on OTU abundance distribution along a defined environmental gradient, ideally avoiding taxonomic assignments that could result in high rates of unclassified OTUs and biased final values. A total of 90 biofilm samples were collected in 2014 and 2015 from 51 stream sites on Mayotte Island in parallel with measures of relevant physical and chemical parameters. HTS sequencing was performed on the biofilms using the rbcL region as the genetic marker and diatom-specific primers. Hierarchical clustering was used to group sequences into OTUs using 20 experimental SST levels (80%-99%). An OTU-based quality index (IdxOTU) was developed based on a weighted average equation using the abundance profiles of the OTUs. The developed IdxOTU revealed significant correlations between the IdxOTU values and the reference pressure gradient, which reached maximal performance using an SST of 90% (well above species level delimitation). We observed an interesting and important trade-off with the power to discriminate between sampling sites and index stability that will greatly inform future applications of the index. Taken together, the results from this study detail a thoroughly optimized and validated approach to generating robust, reproducible, and complete indexes that will greatly facilitate effective and efficient environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Tapolczai
- MTA‐PE Limnoecology Research GroupVeszprémHungary
- UMR CARRTELINRAThonon‐les‐BainsFrance
| | | | | | | | - Judit Padisák
- MTA‐PE Limnoecology Research GroupVeszprémHungary
- Department of LimnologyUniversity of PannoniaVeszprémHungary
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11
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Diatom diversity through HTS-metabarcoding in coastal European seas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18059. [PMID: 30584235 PMCID: PMC6305388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms constitute a diverse lineage of unicellular organisms abundant and ecologically important in aquatic ecosystems. Compared to other protists, their biology and taxonomy are well-studied, offering the opportunity to combine traditional approaches and new technologies. We examined a dataset of diatom 18S rRNA- and rDNA- (V4 region) reads from different plankton size-fractions and sediments from six European coastal marine sites, with the aim of identifying peculiarities and commonalities with respect to the whole protistan community. Almost all metabarcodes (99.6%) were assigned to known genera (121) and species (236), the most abundant of which were those already known from classic studies and coincided with those seen in light microscopy. rDNA and rRNA showed comparable patterns for the dominant taxa, but rRNA revealed a much higher diversity particularly in the sediment communities. Peculiar to diatoms is a tight bentho-pelagic coupling, with many benthic or planktonic species colonizing both water column and sediments and the dominance of planktonic species in both habitats. Overall metabarcoding results reflected the marked specificity of diatoms compared to other protistan groups in terms of morphological and ecological characteristics, at the same time confirming their great potential in the description of protist communities.
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12
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Samanta B, Ehrman JM, Kaczmarska I. A consensus secondary structure of ITS2 for the diatom Order Cymatosirales (Mediophyceae, Bacillariophyta) and reappraisal of the order based on DNA, morphology, and reproduction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Barraquand F, Picoche C, Maurer D, Carassou L, Auby I. Coastal phytoplankton community dynamics and coexistence driven by intragroup density-dependence, light and hydrodynamics. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Barraquand
- Univ. of Bordeaux, Integrative and Theoretical Ecology, LabEx COTE; Bât. B2 - Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire FR-33615 Pessac France
- CNRS, Inst. of Mathematics of Bordeaux; Talence France
| | - C. Picoche
- Univ. of Bordeaux, Integrative and Theoretical Ecology, LabEx COTE; Bât. B2 - Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire FR-33615 Pessac France
| | - D. Maurer
- Ifremer, LER Arcachon, Quai du Commandant Silhouette; Arcachon France
| | - L. Carassou
- Univ. of Bordeaux, Integrative and Theoretical Ecology, LabEx COTE; Bât. B2 - Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire FR-33615 Pessac France
- Irstea, Aquatic ecosystems and global changes Unit (UR EABX); Cestas France
| | - I. Auby
- Ifremer, LER Arcachon, Quai du Commandant Silhouette; Arcachon France
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14
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Poulíčková A, Letáková M, Hašler P, Cox E, Duchoslav M. Species complexes within epiphytic diatoms and their relevance for the bioindication of trophic status. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:820-833. [PMID: 28499230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of aquatic bioassessments has increased in Europe and worldwide, with a considerable number of methods being based on benthic diatoms. Recent evidence from molecular data and mating experiments has shown that some traditional diatom morphospecies represent species complexes, containing several to many cryptic species. This case study is based on epiphytic diatom and environmental data from shallow fishponds, investigating whether the recognition and use of fine taxonomic resolution (cryptic species) can improve assessment of community response to environmental drivers and increase sharpness of classification, compared to coarse taxonomic resolution (genus level and species level with unresolved species complexes). Secondly, trophy bioindication based on a species matrix divided into two compartments (species complexes and remaining species) was evaluated against the expectation that species complexes would be poor trophy indicators, due to their expected wide ecological amplitude. Finally, the response of species complexes and their members (cryptic species) to a trophic gradient (phosphorus) were compared. Multivariate analyses showed similar efficiency of all three taxonomic resolutions in depicting community patterns and their environmental correlates, suggesting that even genus level resolution is sufficient for routine bioassessment of shallow fishponds with a wide trophic range. However, after controlling for coarse taxonomic matrices, fine taxonomic resolution (with resolved cryptic species) still showed sufficient variance related to the environmental variable (habitat groups), and increased the sharpness of classification, number of indicator species for habitat categories, and gave better separation of habitat categories in the ordination space. Regression analysis of trophic bioindication and phosphorus concentration showed a weak relationship for species complexes but a close relationship for the remaining taxa. GLM models also showed that no species complex responded to phosphorus concentration. It follows that the studied species complexes have wide tolerances to, and no apparent optima for, phosphorus concentrations. In contrast, various responses (linear, unimodal, or no response) of cryptic species within species complexes were found to total phosphorus concentration. In some cases, fine taxonomic resolution to species level including cryptic species has the potential to improve data interpretation and extrapolation, supporting recent views of species surrogacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloisie Poulíčková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Letáková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hašler
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eileen Cox
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Martin Duchoslav
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14019. [PMID: 29070840 PMCID: PMC5656628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prasinophytes are a paraphyletic group of nine lineages of green microalgae that are currently classified either at the class or order level or as clades without formal taxonomic description. Prasinophyte clade VII comprises picoplanktonic algae that are important components of marine phytoplankton communities, particularly in moderately oligotrophic waters. Despite first being cultured in the 1960s, this clade has yet to be formally described. Previous phylogenetic analyses using the 18S rRNA gene divided prasinophyte clade VII into three lineages, termed A, B and C, the latter formed by a single species, Picocystis salinarum, that to date has only been found in saline lakes. Strains from lineages A and B cannot be distinguished by light microscopy and have very similar photosynthetic pigment profiles corresponding to the prasino-2A pigment group. We obtained phenotypic and genetic data on a large set of prasinophyte clade VII culture strains that allowed us to clarify the taxonomy of this important marine group. We describe two novel classes, the Picocystophyceae and the Chloropicophyceae, the latter containing two novel genera, Chloropicon and Chloroparvula, and eight new species of marine picoplanktonic green algae.
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16
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Park JS, Jung SW, Ki JS, Guo R, Kim HJ, Lee KW, Lee JH. Transfer of the small diatoms Thalassiosira proschkinae and T. spinulata to the genus Minidiscus and their taxonomic re-description. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181980. [PMID: 28873451 PMCID: PMC5584963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine diatoms Thalassiosira proschkinae and T. spinulata are relatively small in size; their taxonomic identities have been debated owing to the diverse morphological variations. In the present study, we isolated both morphotypes from Korean coastal waters and examined their fine structures and conducted molecular sequence comparisons. The morphological and molecular analyses showed that T. proschkinae and T. spinulata were certainly distinct, and phenotypic plasticity of valve structure was not noted. Based on the morphological similarity and phylogenetic relationship, we transferred T. proschkinae and T. spinulata to another genus Minidiscus within Thalassiosirales that includes small-sized species and proposed new combination names, Minidiscus proschkinae (Makarova) Park & Lee comb. nov. and Minidiscus spinulatus (Takano) Park & Lee comb. nov., respectively. The genus description of Minidiscus was emended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Sang Park
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruoyu Guo
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kaczmarska I, Gray BS, Ehrman JM, Thaler M. Sexual reproduction in plagiogrammacean diatoms: First insights into the early pennates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181413. [PMID: 28813426 PMCID: PMC5558960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genera Plagiogramma and Dimeregramma are members of a small, but evolutionarily important group of diatoms, the "basal" araphids. They are sister to all other pennates, both araphid and raphid taxa. Thus, their phylogenetic position carries the potential for providing insights into the earliest pennates. We documented sexual reproduction, mating system and sex cell development in the first members of the "basal" araphid clade ever investigated. The mating system in all these species involved heterothally. It was, however, more complex in P. tsawwassen, where in addition to heterothallic clones, intraclonal and polysexual clones also exist. Auxospore development and wall structure was similar in all three species and demonstrated several characters also reported from "core" araphids. Of these, vigorous, pseudopodial motility of male secondary spermatocytes and gametes was most notable because it indicates that this character was likely present in the last common ancestor of all the pennates. Pseudopodial motility of the male sex cells might have afforded sufficient compensation and/or benefits to the emerging pennates for replacing flagellated sperm, present in centrics. The characters thus far uniquely present among our plagiogrammaceans but not reported from other pennates were: the "gametic" fusion between sex-compatible secondary spermatocytes, in some cases before completion of Meiosis II in males, transverse perizonial bands produced all together or in quick succession rather than being added to the auxospore apex one at a time, and expanding auxospores with 3-4 nuclei. An initial epivalve, similar in morphology to what in some diatoms had been interpreted as a "longitudinal" perizonium, may be more widespread among pennates than thus far appreciated. In addition, we discovered two species new to science (D. acutumontgo, P. tsawwassen), and refined delineation of P. staurophorum by including metric data from the original material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kaczmarska
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gray
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - James M. Ehrman
- Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mary Thaler
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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18
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Lefebvre KE, Hamilton PB, Pick FR. A comparison of molecular markers and morphology for Neidium taxa (Bacillariophyta) from eastern North America. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:680-702. [PMID: 28369873 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, a morphological species concept has applied shape subjectively in the delimitation of diatom species. This has led to confusion between taxa within the benthic diatom genus Neidium. Samples from Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland (Canada) and New York (USA) were examined for Neidium taxa under LM and SEM. Fourier shape analysis showed that shape as a taxonomic character was not able to discern all species. Isolated individuals from the samples were amplified and sequenced for three chloroplast molecular markers (rbcL, psbC, and psbA) and one nuclear ribosomal molecular marker (18S). Phylogenetic reconstructions were completed with the concatenated chloroplast and 18S dataset using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The concatenated chloroplast dataset exhibited a species-level resolution phylogeny of Neidium taxa. The 18S dataset had a lower level of sequence divergence and was unable to differentiate between Neidium taxa. We present emended species descriptions and sequence data for four previously described species: Neidium sacoense, N. longiceps, N. fossum, and N. affine. We describe three novel species (Neidium lowei, N. promontorium, and N. potapovae) and identify two forms with unique molecular signatures. The distinguishing features of N. lowei are its size, valve shape, and longitudinal canal structure. Distinguishing features of N. promontorium are its valve shape, longitudinal canal and apex formation, and surface depression along the axial area. Neidium potapovae is distinguished by its size, formation of valve and apices and single longitudinal canal. This paper demonstrates how future phylogenetic treatments using single cell multigene sequencing can help resolve taxonomic confusion within diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely E Lefebvre
- Biology & Environmental Science, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Paul B Hamilton
- Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1P 6P4
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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19
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Balzano S, Percopo I, Siano R, Gourvil P, Chanoine M, Marie D, Vaulot D, Sarno D. Morphological and genetic diversity of Beaufort Sea diatoms with high contributions from the Chaetoceros neogracilis species complex. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:161-187. [PMID: 27809344 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-five diatom strains isolated from the Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic) in the summer of 2009 were characterized by light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), as well as 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains group into 20 genotypes and 17 morphotypes and are affiliated with the genera Arcocellulus, Attheya, Chaetoceros, Cylindrotheca, Eucampia, Nitzschia, Porosira, Pseudo-nitzschia, Shionodiscus, Thalassiosira, and Synedropsis. Most of the species have a distribution confined to the northern/polar area. Chaetoceros neogracilis and Chaetoceros gelidus were the most represented taxa. Strains of C. neogracilis were morphologically similar and shared identical 18S rRNA gene sequences, but belonged to four distinct genetic clades based on 28S rRNA, ITS-1 and ITS-2 phylogenies. Secondary structure prediction revealed that these four clades differ in hemi-compensatory base changes (HCBCs) in paired positions of the ITS-2, suggesting their inability to interbreed. Reproductively isolated C. neogracilis genotypes can thus co-occur in summer phytoplankton communities in the Beaufort Sea. C. neogracilis generally occurred as single cells but also formed short colonies. It is phylogenetically distinct from an Antarctic species, erroneously identified in some previous studies as C. neogracilis, but named here as Chaetoceros sp. This work provides taxonomically validated sequences for 20 Arctic diatom taxa, which will facilitate future metabarcoding studies on phytoplankton in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Balzano
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Isabella Percopo
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Priscillia Gourvil
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Mélanie Chanoine
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dominique Marie
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Daniel Vaulot
- CNRS, UMR7144, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Diana Sarno
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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20
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Chilling out: the evolution and diversification of psychrophilic algae with a focus on Chlamydomonadales. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-2045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Franco ADODR, They NH, Canani LGDC, Maggioni R, Odebrecht C. Asterionellopsis tropicalis (Bacillariophyceae): a new tropical species found in diatom accumulations. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:888-895. [PMID: 27273617 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato forms high-density patches in the surf zone of some sandy beaches worldwide and was until recently considered a cosmopolitan species. With the recent description of four cryptic species, the identity of specimens found in these accumulations remains uncertain. In this study, diatom patches were sampled from two sandy beaches of the Brazilian coast: one tropical (Futuro Beach, 3° S; 38° W) and one subtropical (Cassino Beach, 32° S; 52° W). Fine structure of frustules and the sequencing of three phylogenetic markers revealed the subtropical strains to be A. guyunusae and the tropical strains to be a new species, here described as Asterionellopsis tropicalis sp. nov. A. tropicalis was differentiated morphologically by the number of striae in 10 μm at the foot pole and head (39-44; 38-45, respectively), from A. lenisilicea (46-55; 46-64), A. maritima (46-51; 46-60), and A. thurstonii (42-58; 55-70). The number of striae at the head region of the valvocopula (10 μm) helped to distinguish A. tropicalis (56-62) from A. guyunusae (61-64), but A. tropicalis was morphologically undistinguishable from A. glacialis. The sequence divergence from other identified Asterionellopsis species was 13%-16% (Cox1), 11%-12% (5.8S + ITS2) and 2%-6% (RbcL), and A. tropicalis formed a distinct monophyletic clade with high support in all analyzed phylogenetic trees (single or multi-locus). This work will aid in the understanding of the ecological and physiological diversity of diatom patches that are key to the trophic webs of sandy beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ng Haig They
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Senador Dinarte de Medeiros Mariz, s/n, Praia de Mãe Luiza, CEP 59014-002, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo de Castro Canani
- Institute of Water Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Av. Mendonça Furtado, 2946, CEP 68040-050, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maggioni
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Av. da Abolição, 3207, CEP 60165-081, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Clarisse Odebrecht
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Estrada M, Delgado M, Blasco D, Latasa M, Cabello AM, Benítez-Barrios V, Fraile-Nuez E, Mozetič P, Vidal M. Phytoplankton across Tropical and Subtropical Regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151699. [PMID: 26982180 PMCID: PMC4794153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the large-scale distribution patterns of the nano- and microphytoplankton collected from 145 oceanic stations, at 3 m depth, the 20% light level and the depth of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum, during the Malaspina-2010 Expedition (December 2010-July 2011), which covered 15 biogeographical provinces across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, between 35°N and 40°S. In general, the water column was stratified, the surface layers were nutrient-poor and the nano- and microplankton (hereafter phytoplankton, for simplicity, although it included also heterotrophic protists) community was dominated by dinoflagellates, other flagellates and coccolithophores, while the contribution of diatoms was only important in zones with shallow nutriclines such as the equatorial upwelling regions. We applied a principal component analysis to the correlation matrix among the abundances (after logarithmic transform) of the 76 most frequent taxa to synthesize the information contained in the phytoplankton data set. The main trends of variability identified consisted of: 1) A contrast between the community composition of the upper and the lower parts of the euphotic zone, expressed respectively by positive or negative scores of the first principal component, which was positively correlated with taxa such as the dinoflagellates Oxytoxum minutum and Scrippsiella spp., and the coccolithophores Discosphaera tubifera and Syracosphaera pulchra (HOL and HET), and negatively correlated with taxa like Ophiaster hydroideus (coccolithophore) and several diatoms, 2) a general abundance gradient between phytoplankton-rich regions with high abundances of dinoflagellate, coccolithophore and ciliate taxa, and phytoplankton-poor regions (second principal component), 3) differences in dominant phytoplankton and ciliate taxa among the Atlantic, the Indian and the Pacific oceans (third principal component) and 4) the occurrence of a diatom-dominated assemblage (the fourth principal component assemblage), including several pennate taxa, Planktoniella sol, Hemiaulus hauckii and Pseudo-nitzschia spp., in the divergence regions. Our findings indicate that consistent assemblages of co-occurring phytoplankton taxa can be identified and that their distribution is best explained by a combination in different degrees of both environmental and historical influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Estrada
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Maximino Delgado
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Dolors Blasco
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mikel Latasa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón/Xixón, Gijón/Xixón, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Benítez-Barrios
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
| | - Eugenio Fraile-Nuez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
| | - Patricija Mozetič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Montserrat Vidal
- Departament d’Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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23
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A comprehensive framework for functional diversity patterns of marine chromophytic phytoplankton using rbcL phylogeny. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20783. [PMID: 26861415 PMCID: PMC4748293 DOI: 10.1038/srep20783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine chromophytes are taxonomically diverse group of algae and contribute approximately half of the total oceanic primary production. To understand the global patterns of functional diversity of chromophytic phytoplankton, robust bioinformatics and statistical analyses including deep phylogeny based on 2476 form ID rbcL gene sequences representing seven ecologically significant oceanographic ecoregions were undertaken. In addition, 12 form ID rbcL clone libraries were generated and analyzed (148 sequences) from Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve representing the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem as part of this study. Global phylogenetic analyses recovered 11 major clades of chromophytic phytoplankton in varying proportions with several novel rbcL sequences in each of the seven targeted ecoregions. Majority of OTUs was found to be exclusive to each ecoregion, whereas some were shared by two or more ecoregions based on beta-diversity analysis. Present phylogenetic and bioinformatics analyses provide a strong statistical support for the hypothesis that different oceanographic regimes harbor distinct and coherent groups of chromophytic phytoplankton. It has been also shown as part of this study that varying natural selection pressure on form ID rbcL gene under different environmental conditions could lead to functional differences and overall fitness of chromophytic phytoplankton populations.
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24
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Hamilton PB, Lefebvre KE, Bull RD. Single cell PCR amplification of diatoms using fresh and preserved samples. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1084. [PMID: 26528252 PMCID: PMC4604310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell Chelex® DNA extraction and nested PCR amplification were used to examine partial gene sequences from natural diatom populations for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies at and above the level of species. DNA was extracted from cells that were either fresh collected or stored in RNAlater. Extractions from Lugol's fixation were also attempted with limited success. Three partial gene sequences (rbcL, 18S, and psbA) were recovered using existing and new primers with a nested or double nested PCR approach with amplification and success rates between 70 and 96%. An rbcL consensus tree grouped morphologically similar specimens and was consistent across the two primary sample treatments: fresh and RNAlater. This tool will greatly enhance the number of microscopic diatom taxa (and potentially other microbes) available for barcoding and phylogenetic studies. The near-term increase in sequence data for diatoms generated via routine single cell extractions and PCR will act as a multiproxy validation of longer-term next generation genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Hamilton
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of NatureOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keely E. Lefebvre
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of NatureOttawa, ON, Canada
- Biology and Environmental Science, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger D. Bull
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of NatureOttawa, ON, Canada
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25
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Stoof-Leichsenring KR, Herzschuh U, Pestryakova LA, Klemm J, Epp LS, Tiedemann R. Genetic data from algae sedimentary DNA reflect the influence of environment over geography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12924. [PMID: 26261899 PMCID: PMC4542542 DOI: 10.1038/srep12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic investigations on eukaryotic plankton confirmed the existence of modern biogeographic patterns, but analyses of palaeoecological data exploring the temporal variability of these patterns have rarely been presented. Ancient sedimentary DNA proved suitable for investigations of past assemblage turnover in the course of environmental change, but genetic relatedness of the identified lineages has not yet been undertaken. Here, we investigate the relatedness of diatom lineages in Siberian lakes along environmental gradients (i.e. across treeline transects), over geographic distance and through time (i.e. the last 7000 years) using modern and ancient sedimentary DNA. Our results indicate that closely-related Staurosira lineages occur in similar environments and less-related lineages in dissimilar environments, in our case different vegetation and co-varying climatic and limnic variables across treeline transects. Thus our study reveals that environmental conditions rather than geographic distance is reflected by diatom-relatedness patterns in space and time. We tentatively speculate that the detected relatedness pattern in Staurosira across the treeline could be a result of adaptation to diverse environmental conditions across the arctic boreal treeline, however, a geographically-driven divergence and subsequent repopulation of ecologically different habitats might also be a potential explanation for the observed pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Stoof-Leichsenring
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- 1] Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany [2] University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luidmila A Pestryakova
- North-Eastern Federal University of Yakutsk, Department for Geography and Biology, ul. Belinskogo 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Juliane Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laura S Epp
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Rovira L, Trobajo R, Sato S, Ibáñez C, Mann DG. Genetic and Physiological Diversity in the Diatom Nitzschia inconspicua. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 62:815-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Rovira
- Aquatic Ecosystems; Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA); St. Carles de la Ràpita 43540 Catalonia Spain
| | - Rosa Trobajo
- Aquatic Ecosystems; Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA); St. Carles de la Ràpita 43540 Catalonia Spain
| | - Shinya Sato
- Laboratory of Marine Bioscience; Fukui Prefectural Univeristy; 1-1 Gauken-Cho Obama City Fukui 917-0003 Japan
| | - Carles Ibáñez
- Aquatic Ecosystems; Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA); St. Carles de la Ràpita 43540 Catalonia Spain
| | - David G. Mann
- Aquatic Ecosystems; Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA); St. Carles de la Ràpita 43540 Catalonia Spain
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH3 5LR United Kingdom
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27
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MacGillivary ML, Kaczmarska I. Paralia (Bacillariophyta) stowaways in ship ballast: implications for biogeography and diversity of the genus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:2. [PMID: 25984507 PMCID: PMC4389653 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-015-0024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The genus Paralia Heiberg is one of the most recognizable, widely distributed and commonly reported diatoms from contemporary coastal marine environments and ship ballast. Species discovery has historically been made in diatoms through the recognition of morphological discontinuities between specimens, first using light and later electron microscopy. However, recently, morphologically semi-cryptic species of Paralia were delineated using genetic analyses, among mostly tropical and subtropical sites. Results Ten morphological characters of the frustules and sequence fragments from the nuclear genome (conserved 18S regions of ribosomal RNA and the variable internal transcribed spacer [ITS]), and from the RuBisCo large subunit (rbcL) gene of the chloroplast genome were examined. Frustule morphology did not segregate species, however, comparisons of sequence fragments and ITS2 secondary structures yielded a new species from North American waters, P. guyana (with four genodemes), and another widely-distributed species, P. marina. The latter was lecto- and epitypified here because it is most similar to specimens in the type preparation BM1021 representing Smith’s concept of the species. Paralia marina and certain genodemes of P. guyana were morphologically cryptic. Only those genodemes of P. guyana that possess prickly separation valves could be morphologically distinguished from P. marina with relative confidence in SEM preparations. All clones established from chains isolated from the ballast sediment of the ships sailing along the Atlantic coast of North America belonged to P. guyana. All DNA sequences of preserved Paralia chains recovered from the three trans-Atlantic voyages (TAVs) samples arriving to eastern Canada from Europe shared 100% identity with P. marina. Conclusion First, if the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{x} $$\end{document}x¯ = 130592 P. marina cells per ballast tank at the end of the TAVs represents their abundance in ballast tanks of similar crossings and following mid-ocean ballast water exchange, then this diatom, if de-ballasted, exerts a strong and continued propagule pressure on Eastern Canadian coasts. Despite this, as of 2009, P. marina was found only in Cheticamp, Nova Scotia, Canada. Second, genetic analysis readily segregated cryptic and semi-cryptic taxa of Paralia, highlighting the usefulness of the molecular approach to species recognition, e.g., in programs monitoring alien introductions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40709-015-0024-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L MacGillivary
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 Canada
| | - Irena Kaczmarska
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 63B York Street, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7 Canada
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28
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Governini L, Guerranti C, De Leo V, Boschi L, Luddi A, Gori M, Orvieto R, Piomboni P. Chromosomal aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa from patients exposed to perfluorinated compounds. Andrologia 2014; 47:1012-9. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Governini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
| | - C. Guerranti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - V. De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
| | - L. Boschi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
| | - A. Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
| | - M. Gori
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
| | - R. Orvieto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Infertility & IVF Unit; The Chaim Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - P. Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility; S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital; Siena Italy
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