1
|
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have multiple functions in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that tumor-associated lncRNAs play key roles in promoting and maintaining tumor initiation and progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment through changing tumor cell intrinsic properties. Here, we focus on the roles of lncRNAs in cancer immunology. In the first part, we provide an overview of the roles played by lncRNAs and their deregulation in cancer at the cancer cell- and tumor microenvironment-associated immune cell levels. We go on to describe preclinical strategies for targeting lncRNAs, particularly highlighting the effects on tumor microenvironments. We then discuss the possibility of combining lncRNA targeting and tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies to treat cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Fares M, Cochet-Bernoin M, Gonzalez G, Montero-Menei CN, Blanchet O, Benchoua A, Boissart C, Lecollinet S, Richardson J, Haddad N, Coulpier M. Pathological modeling of TBEV infection reveals differential innate immune responses in human neurons and astrocytes that correlate with their susceptibility to infection. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32127025 PMCID: PMC7053149 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, which includes several important human pathogens. It is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death, and, from a medical point of view, is the major arbovirus in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. TBEV tropism is critical for neuropathogenesis, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the susceptibility of human brain cells to the virus. In this study, we sought to establish and characterize a new in vitro model of TBEV infection in the human brain and to decipher cell type-specific innate immunity and its relation to TBEV tropism and neuropathogenesis. METHOD Human neuronal/glial cells were differentiated from neural progenitor cells and infected with the TBEV-Hypr strain. Kinetics of infection, cellular tropism, and cellular responses, including innate immune responses, were characterized by measuring viral genome and viral titer, performing immunofluorescence, enumerating the different cellular types, and determining their rate of infection and by performing PCR array and qRT-PCR. The specific response of neurons and astrocytes was analyzed using the same approaches after enrichment of the neuronal/glial cultures for each cellular subtype. RESULTS We showed that infection of human neuronal/glial cells mimicked three major hallmarks of TBEV infection in the human brain, namely, preferential neuronal tropism, neuronal death, and astrogliosis. We further showed that these cells conserved their capacity to mount an antiviral response against TBEV. TBEV-infected neuronal/glial cells, therefore, represented a highly relevant pathological model. By enriching the cultures for either neurons or astrocytes, we further demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differential innate immune responses in the two cell types that correlated with their particular susceptibility to TBEV. CONCLUSION Our results thus reveal that cell type-specific innate immunity is likely to contribute to shaping TBEV tropism for human brain cells. They describe a new in vitro model for in-depth study of TBEV-induced neuropathogenesis and improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which neurotropic viruses target and damage human brain cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazigh Fares
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Marielle Cochet-Bernoin
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gaëlle Gonzalez
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claudia N Montero-Menei
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, F-49933, Angers, France
| | - Odile Blanchet
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CHU Angers, BB-0033-00038, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nadia Haddad
- UMR BIPAR 956, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR1161 Virologie, Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fusade-Boyer M, Dupré G, Bessière P, Khiar S, Quentin-Froignant C, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Rameix-Welti MA, Eléouët JF, Tangy F, Lajoie B, Bertagnoli S, Vidalain PO, Gallardo F, Volmer R. Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Sephin1 Treatment and Its Consequences on eIF2α Phosphorylation in Response to Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:134. [PMID: 30809223 PMCID: PMC6379315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanabenz derivative Sephin1 has recently been proposed to increase the levels of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation by inhibiting dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase 1-GADD34 (PPP1R15A) complex. As phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase R (PKR) is a prominent cellular antiviral pathway, we evaluated the consequences of Sephin1 treatment on virus replication. Our results provide evidence that Sephin1 downregulates replication of human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, human adenovirus 5 virus, human enterovirus D68, human cytomegalovirus, and rabbit myxoma virus. However, Sephin1 proved to be inactive against influenza virus, as well as against Japanese encephalitis virus. Sephin1 increased the levels of phosphorylated eIF2α in cells exposed to a PKR agonist. By contrast, in virus-infected cells, the levels of phosphorylated eIF2α did not always correlate with the inhibition of virus replication by Sephin1. This work identifies Sephin1 as an antiviral molecule in cell culture against RNA, as well as DNA viruses belonging to phylogenetically distant families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Dupré
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bessière
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France
| | - Samira Khiar
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, CNRS UMR-3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Quentin-Froignant
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France.,NeoVirTech SAS, Institute for Advanced Life Science Technology, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Beck
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- UMR 1161 Virology, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, EURL for Equine Diseases, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- UMR INSERM U1173 2I, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil-UVSQ, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, CNRS UMR-3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Barbora Lajoie
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique CNRS, INPT, UPS Université de Toulouse III, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Equipe Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Franck Gallardo
- NeoVirTech SAS, Institute for Advanced Life Science Technology, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Volmer
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferreira-Ramos AS, Li C, Eydoux C, Contreras JM, Morice C, Quérat G, Gigante A, Pérez Pérez MJ, Jung ML, Canard B, Guillemot JC, Decroly E, Coutard B. Approved drugs screening against the nsP1 capping enzyme of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus using an immuno-based assay. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:59-69. [PMID: 30639438 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are important human emerging pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes. They possess a unique viral mRNA capping mechanism catalyzed by the viral non-structural protein nsP1, which is essential for virus replication. The alphaviruses capping starts by the methylation of a GTP molecule by the N7-guanine methyltransferase (MTase) activity; nsP1 then forms a covalent link with m7GMP releasing pyrophosphate (GT reaction) and the m7GMP is next transferred onto the 5'-diphosphate end of the viral mRNA to form a cap-0 structure. The cap-0 structure decreases the detection of foreign viral RNAs, prevents RNA degradation by cellular exonucleases, and promotes viral RNA translation into proteins. Additionally, reverse-genetic studies have demonstrated that viruses mutated in nsP1 catalytic residues are both impaired towards replication and attenuated. The nsP1 protein is thus considered an attractive antiviral target for drug discovery. We have previously demonstrated that the guanylylation of VEEV nsP1 can be monitored by Western blot analysis using an antibody recognizing the cap structure. In this study, we developed a high throughput ELISA screening assay to monitor the GT reaction through m7GMP-nsP1 adduct quantitation. This assay was validated using known nsP1 inhibitors before screening 1220 approved compounds. 18 compounds inhibiting the nsP1 guanylylation were identified, and their IC50 determined. Compounds from two series were further characterized and shown to inhibit the nsP1 MTase activity. Conversely, these compounds barely inhibited a cellular MTase demonstrating their specificity towards nsP1. Analogues search and SAR were also initiated to identify the active pharmacophore features. Altogether the results show that this HT enzyme-based assay is a convenient way to select potent and specific hit compounds targeting the viral mRNA capping of Alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Changqing Li
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Cécilia Eydoux
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Quérat
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Alba Gigante
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bruno Canard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | | | - Etienne Decroly
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France; Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thieulent CJ, Hue ES, Fortier CI, Dallemagne P, Zientara S, Munier-Lehmann H, Hans A, Fortier GD, Pitel PH, Vidalain PO, Pronost SL. Screening and evaluation of antiviral compounds against Equid alpha-herpesviruses using an impedance-based cellular assay. Virology 2018; 526:105-116. [PMID: 30388626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equid alpha-herpesviruses (EHV) are responsible for different diseases in equine population. EHV-1 causes respiratory diseases, abortions and nervous disorders, EHV-4 causes respiratory diseases and sporadic abortion, while EHV-3 is responsible of equine coital exanthema. In view of the lack of efficacy of vaccines against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and in the absence of vaccines against EHV-3, the use of antiviral treatment is of great interest. In this study, we documented the interest of the Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) technology to monitor the cytopathic effects induced by these viruses on equine dermal cells, and established the efficacy of this method to evaluate the antiviral effect of aciclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV). In addition, the RTCA technology has also been found appropriate for the high-throughput screening of small molecules against EHV, allowing the identification of spironolactone as a novel antiviral against EHV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Côme J Thieulent
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Erika S Hue
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Christine I Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Stéphan Zientara
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS UMR 3523, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Hans
- ANSES, Laboratoire de pathologie équine de Dozulé, Unité de virologie et parasitologie équine, 14430 Dozulé, France
| | - Guillaume D Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane L Pronost
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harigua-Souiai E, Abdelkrim YZ, Bassoumi-Jamoussi I, Zakraoui O, Bouvier G, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Banroques J, Desdouits N, Munier-Lehmann H, Barhoumi M, Tanner NK, Nilges M, Blondel A, Guizani I. Identification of novel leishmanicidal molecules by virtual and biochemical screenings targeting Leishmania eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006160. [PMID: 29346371 PMCID: PMC5790279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected parasitic diseases in spite of the major burden they inflict on public health. The identification of novel drugs and targets constitutes a research priority. For that purpose we used Leishmania infantum initiation factor 4A (LieIF), an essential translation initiation factor that belongs to the DEAD-box proteins family, as a potential drug target. We modeled its structure and identified two potential binding sites. A virtual screening of a diverse chemical library was performed for both sites. The results were analyzed with an in-house version of the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm combined with multiple filters, which led to the selection of 305 molecules. Effects of these molecules on the ATPase activity of LieIF permitted the identification of a promising hit (208) having a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 150 ± 15 μM for 1 μM of protein. Ten chemical analogues of compound 208 were identified and two additional inhibitors were selected (20 and 48). These compounds inhibited the mammalian eIF4I with IC50 values within the same range. All three hits affected the viability of the extra-cellular form of L. infantum parasites with IC50 values at low micromolar concentrations. These molecules showed non-significant toxicity toward THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, their anti-leishmanial activity was validated with experimental assays on L. infantum intramacrophage amastigotes showing IC50 values lower than 4.2 μM. Selected compounds exhibited selectivity indexes between 19 to 38, which reflects their potential as promising anti-Leishmania molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Yosser Zina Abdelkrim
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Bassoumi-Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Josette Banroques
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Desdouits
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Mourad Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N. Kyle Tanner
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nonencapsidated 5' Copy-Back Defective Interfering Genomes Produced by Recombinant Measles Viruses Are Recognized by RIG-I and LGP2 but Not MDA5. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00643-17. [PMID: 28768856 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00643-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it an attractive candidate vector for preventing other infectious diseases. Yet the great capacity of this vaccine still needs to be understood at the molecular level. MV vaccine strains have different type I interferon (IFN)-inducing abilities that partially depend on the presence of 5' copy-back defective interfering genomes (DI-RNAs). DI-RNAs are pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2) that activate innate immune signaling and shape the adaptive immune response. In this study, we characterized the DI-RNAs produced by various modified recombinant MVs (rMVs), including vaccine candidates, as well as wild-type MV. All tested rMVs produced 5' copy-back DI-RNAs that were different in length and nucleotide sequence but still respected the so-called "rule of six." We correlated the presence of DI-RNAs with a larger stimulation of the IFN-β pathway and compared their immunostimulatory potentials. Importantly, we revealed that encapsidation of DI-RNA molecules within the MV nucleocapsid abolished their immunoactive properties. Furthermore, we identified specific interactions of DI-RNAs with both RIG-I and LGP2 but not MDA5. Our results suggest that DI-RNAs produced by rMV vaccine candidates may indeed strengthen their efficiency by triggering RLR signaling.IMPORTANCE Having been administered to hundreds of millions of children, the live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine is the safest and most widely used human vaccine, providing high protection with long-term memory. Additionally, recombinant MVs carrying heterologous antigens are promising vectors for new vaccines. The great capacity of this vaccine still needs to be elucidated at the molecular level. Here we document that recombinant MVs produce defective interfering genomes that have high immunostimulatory properties via their binding to RIG-I and LGP2 proteins, both of which are cytosolic nonself RNA sensors of innate immunity. Defective interfering genome production during viral replication should be considered of great importance due to the immunostimulatory properties of these genomes as intrinsic adjuvants produced by the vector that increase recognition by the innate immune system.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lucas-Hourani M, Munier-Lehmann H, El Mazouni F, Malmquist NA, Harpon J, Coutant EP, Guillou S, Helynck O, Noel A, Scherf A, Phillips MA, Tangy F, Vidalain PO, Janin YL. Original 2-(3-Alkoxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)azines Inhibitors of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH). J Med Chem 2015; 58:5579-98. [PMID: 26079043 PMCID: PMC4516315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following our discovery of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibition by 2-(3-alkoxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives as well as 2-(4-benzyl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-methylpyridine, we describe here the syntheses and evaluation of an array of azine-bearing analogues. As in our previous report, the structure-activity study of this series of human DHODH inhibitors was based on a phenotypic assay measuring measles virus replication. Among other inhibitors, this round of syntheses and biological evaluation iteration led to the highly active 5-cyclopropyl-2-(4-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)-3-isopropoxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-fluoropyridine. Inhibition of DHODH by this compound was confirmed in an array of in vitro assays, including enzymatic tests and cell-based assays for viral replication and cellular growth. This molecule was found to be more active than the known inhibitors of DHODH, brequinar and teriflunomide, thus opening perspectives for its use as a tool or for the design of an original series of immunosuppressive agent. Moreover, because other series of inhibitors of human DHODH have been found to also affect Plasmodium falciparum DHODH, all the compounds were assayed for their effect on P. falciparum growth. However, the modest in vitro inhibition solely observed for two compounds did not correlate with their inhibition of P. falciparum DHODH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lucas-Hourani
- †Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,‡Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Farah El Mazouni
- ⊥Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, United States
| | - Nicholas A Malmquist
- #Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,^Unité 1201, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,+Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 9195, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jane Harpon
- #Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,^Unité 1201, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,+Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 9195, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Eloi P Coutant
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sandrine Guillou
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anne Noel
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Artur Scherf
- #Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,^Unité 1201, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,+Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 9195, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Margaret A Phillips
- ⊥Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, United States
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- †Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,‡Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- †Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,‡Unité Mixte de Recherche 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Yves L Janin
- §Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,∥Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Munier-Lehmann H, Lucas-Hourani M, Guillou S, Helynck O, Zanghi G, Noel A, Tangy F, Vidalain PO, Janin YL. Original 2-(3-alkoxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). J Med Chem 2015; 58:860-77. [PMID: 25558988 DOI: 10.1021/jm501446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From a research program aimed at the design of new chemical entities followed by extensive screening on various models of infectious diseases, an original series of 2-(3-alkoxy-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidines endowed with notable antiviral properties were found. Using a whole cell measles virus replication assay, we describe here some aspects of the iterative process that, from 2-(4-benzyl-3-ethoxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine, led to 2-(4-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)-3-isopropoxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-ethylpyrimidine and a 4000-fold improvement of antiviral activity with a subnanomolar level of inhibition. Moreover, recent precedents in the literature describing antiviral derivatives acting at the level of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway led us to determine that the mode of action of this series is based on the inhibition of the cellular dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of this pathway. Biochemical studies with recombinant human DHODH led us to measure IC50 as low as 13 nM for the best example of this original series when using 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (coenzyme Q1) as a surrogate for coenzyme Q10, the cofactor of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur , 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|