1
|
Loffredo MR, Nencioni L, Mangoni ML, Casciaro B. Antimicrobial peptides for novel antiviral strategies in the current post-COVID-19 pandemic. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3534. [PMID: 37501572 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted how urgent and necessary the discovery of new antiviral compounds is for novel therapeutic approaches. Among the various classes of molecules with antiviral activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immunity are among the most promising ones, mainly due to their different mechanisms of action against viruses and additional biological properties. In this review, the main physicochemical characteristics of AMPs are described, with particular interest toward peptides derived from amphibian skin. Living in aquatic and terrestrial environments, amphibians are one of the richest sources of AMPs with different primary and secondary structures. Besides describing the various antiviral activities of these peptides and the underlying mechanism, this review aims at emphasizing the high potential of these small molecules for the development of new antiviral agents that likely reduce the selection of resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zannella C, Chianese A, Greco G, Santella B, Squillaci G, Monti A, Doti N, Sanna G, Manzin A, Morana A, De Filippis A, D’Angelo G, Palmieri F, Franci G, Galdiero M. Design of Three Residues Peptides against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102103. [PMID: 36298659 PMCID: PMC9612326 DOI: 10.3390/v14102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need to seek new therapeutic and prophylactic treatments. Peptide inhibitors are a valid alternative approach for the treatment of emerging viral infections, mainly due to their low toxicity and high efficiency. Recently, two small nucleotide signatures were identified in the genome of some members of the Coronaviridae family and many other human pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether the corresponding amino acid sequences of such nucleotide sequences could have effects on the viral infection of two representative human coronaviruses: HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Our results showed that the synthetic peptides analyzed inhibit the infection of both coronaviruses in a dose-dependent manner by binding the RBD of the Spike protein, as suggested by molecular docking and validated by biochemical studies. The peptides tested do not provide toxicity on cultured cells or human erythrocytes and are resistant to human serum proteases, indicating that they may be very promising antiviral peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Greco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Squillaci
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morana
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni D’Angelo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee YCJ, Shirkey JD, Park J, Bisht K, Cowan AJ. An Overview of Antiviral Peptides and Rational Biodesign Considerations. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9898241. [PMID: 37850133 PMCID: PMC10521750 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9898241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases have contributed significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality throughout history. Despite the existence of therapeutic treatments for many viral infections, antiviral resistance and the threat posed by novel viruses highlight the need for an increased number of effective therapeutics. In addition to small molecule drugs and biologics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an emerging class of potential antiviral therapeutics. While AMPs have traditionally been regarded in the context of their antibacterial activities, many AMPs are now known to be antiviral. These antiviral peptides (AVPs) have been shown to target and perturb viral membrane envelopes and inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle, from preattachment inhibition through viral release from infected host cells. Rational design of AMPs has also proven effective in identifying highly active and specific peptides and can aid in the discovery of lead peptides with high therapeutic selectivity. In this review, we highlight AVPs with strong antiviral activity largely curated from a publicly available AMP database. We then compile the sequences present in our AVP database to generate structural predictions of generic AVP motifs. Finally, we cover the rational design approaches available for AVPs taking into account approaches currently used for the rational design of AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chiang J. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jaden D. Shirkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jongbeom Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Karishma Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Alexis J. Cowan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Liu X, Sun Y, Huang C, Wang A, Xu J, Zhou H, Li L, Zhou R. Porcine β-defensin 2 confers enhanced resistance to swine flu infection in transgenic pigs and alleviates swine influenza virus-induced apoptosis possibly through interacting with host SLC25A4. Antiviral Res 2022; 201:105292. [PMID: 35341807 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) not only brings about great economic losses on the global pig industry, it also poses a significant threat to the public health for its interspecies transmission capacity. Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2) is a host defense peptide and our previous study has shown that PBD-2 inhibits proliferation of enveloped pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in transgenic (TG) mice. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible anti-SIV ability of PBD-2 in a TG pig model created in our previous study. The in-contact challenge trial demonstrated that overexpression of PBD-2 in pigs could efficiently alleviate SIV-associated clinical signs. The SIV titers quantified by EID50 in lung tissues of infected TG pigs were significantly lower than that of wild-type littermates. In vitro, the cell viability assay revealed that PBD-2 mainly interfered with viral entry and post-infection stages. It was further confirmed that PBD-2 could enter porcine tracheal epithelial cells. The proteins interacting with PBD-2 inside host cells were identified with immunoprecipitation and the pathways involved were analyzed. Results showed that PBD-2 could interact with pro-apoptotic solute carrier family 25 member 4 (SLC25A4), also known as adenine nucleotide translocase 1, and thereby inhibited SIV-induced cell apoptosis. The molecular docking analysis suggested that PBD-2 interacted with porcine SLC25A4 mainly through strong hydrogen binding, with the predicted binding affinity being -13.23 kcal/mol. Altogether, these indicate that PBD-2 protects pigs against SIV infection, which may result from its role as a SLC25A4 blocker to alleviate cell apoptosis, providing a novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategy of using PBD-2 to combat SIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Antian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jahangirian E, Jamal GA, Nouroozi M, Mohammadpour A. A Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Against Bladder Cancer Based on CTL and HTL Epitopes for Induction of Strong Immune Using Immunoinformatics Approaches. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:71. [PMID: 35228842 PMCID: PMC8867689 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is well-known cancer in two forms of muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer which is responsible for annual deaths worldwide. Common therapies methods are somewhat successful; however, these methods have the limitations such as the side effects of chemotherapy which necessitate the requirement for new preventive methods against bladder cancer. Hence, we explain a novel designed multi-epitope vaccine against bladder cancer using the immunoinformatics tool. Three well-known BLCAP, PRAM, and BAGE4 antigens were evaluated due to most repetitive CTL and HTL epitopes binding. IFNγ and IL10 inducer potential of selected epitopes were investigated, as well as liner and conformational B-cell epitopes. Human beta-defensin 3 and PADRE sequence were added to construct as adjuvants, along with EAAAK, AAY, and GGGS linkers to fuse CTL and HTL epitopes. Results showed this construct encodes a soluble, non-toxic, and non-allergic protein with 70 kDa molecular weight. Modeled 3D structure of vaccine was docked whit Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) of 7/8. Docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MMBPSA analysis confirmed stability of vaccine-TLR complexes. The immunogenicity showed this construct could elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. In silico and immunoinformatics evaluations suggest that this construct is a recombinant candidate vaccine against bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jahangirian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghadir A. Jamal
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - MohammadReza Nouroozi
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Alemeh Mohammadpour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deepthi V, Mohanakumar KP, Rajamma U. Efficacy of defensins as neutralizing agents against the deadly SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2911-2925. [PMID: 35189779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2041487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes asymptomatic to severe human respiratory diseases. Vaccinations are effective only to a certain extent, and the disease recurs with milder symptoms even after booster doses. Hence, we hypothesize that antiviral therapy in conjunction with vaccination is the need of the hour for containing the disease. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell through interaction between viral spike (S) protein and human Angiotensin II converting enzyme2 (ACE2). So, any S-protein neutralizing molecule could be a potential antiviral moiety. The interaction-interface architecture indicates that cationic peptides effectively bind to anionic interface residues of S protein-receptor binding domain (S-RBD). Subsequently, we adopted molecular docking and simulation approaches to examine the binding affinity of cationic human α and β defensins, HNP1 and HBD2 with S-RBD. We observed strong hydrogen bonds, electrostatic, salt bridge, and hydrophobic interactions between these defensins and S-RBD with binding energy (BE) of -10.7 kcal/mol. Interestingly, defensins from Zea mays (ZmD32), Solanum lycopersicum (TPP3), and Sorghum bicolor (DEF1_SORBI) exhibited approximately similar BE of -11.1 kcal/mol, -11.9 kcal/mol, and -12.6 kcal/mol respectively, comparable to ACE2 (BE= -11.9 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation of S-RBD complexes formed with HBD2, ZmD32 and TPP3, showed stable associations for 100 ns. Results of in-silico studies demonstrated higher binding affinity of more positively-charged peptides with S-RBD, suggesting the potential of plant defensins to block ACE2 binding of S-RBD. These results warrant experimental validation. However these findings indicate the usefulness of plant defensin homologues as neutralizing antiviral agents for use as ideal prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varughese Deepthi
- Centre for Development and Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kerala, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Centre for Development and Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kerala, India
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Centre, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kerala, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Centre for Development and Aging Research, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Madiehe AM, Meyer M. Nanotechnology-Based Delivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111795. [PMID: 34834210 PMCID: PMC8620809 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health. The conventional antibiotic pool has been depleted, forcing the investigation of novel and alternative antimicrobial strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential as alternative diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biomedical applications. To date, over 3000 AMPs have been identified, but only a fraction of these have been approved for clinical trials. Their clinical applications are limited to topical application due to their systemic toxicity, susceptibility to protease degradation, short half-life, and rapid renal clearance. To circumvent these challenges and improve AMP’s efficacy, different approaches such as peptide chemical modifications and the development of AMP delivery systems have been employed. Nanomaterials have been shown to improve the activity of antimicrobial drugs by providing support and synergistic effect against pathogenic microbes. This paper describes the role of nanotechnology in the targeted delivery of AMPs, and some of the nano-based delivery strategies for AMPs are discussed with a clear focus on metallic nanoparticle (MNP) formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mervin Meyer
- Correspondence: (A.O.F.); (N.R.S.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim MI, Pham TK, Kim D, Park M, Kim BO, Cho YH, Kim YW, Lee C. Identification of brevinin-1EMa-derived stapled peptides as broad-spectrum virus entry blockers. Virology 2021; 561:6-16. [PMID: 34089997 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the previously reported 13-residue antibacterial peptide analog, brevinin-1EMa (FLGWLFKVASKVL, peptide B), we attempted to design a novel class of antiviral peptides. For this goal, we synthesized three peptides with different stapling positions (B-2S, B-8S, and B-5S). The most active antiviral peptide with the specific stapling position (B-5S) was further modified in combination with either cysteine (B-5S3C, B-5S7C, and B-5S10C) or hydrophilic amino acid substitution (Bsub and Bsub-5S). Overall, B, B-5S, and Bsub-5S peptides showed superior antiviral activities against enveloped viruses such as retrovirus, lentivirus, hepatitis C virus, and herpes simplex virus with EC50 values of 1-5 μM. Murine norovirus, a non-enveloped virus, was not susceptible to the virucidal actions of these peptides, suggesting the virus membrane disruption as their main antiviral mechanisms of action. We believe that these three novel peptides could serve as promising candidates for further development of membrane-targeting antiviral drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Il Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh K Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bi-O Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tonk M, Růžek D, Vilcinskas A. Compelling Evidence for the Activity of Antiviral Peptides against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050912. [PMID: 34069206 PMCID: PMC8156787 DOI: 10.3390/v13050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple outbreaks of epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have occurred in the last 20 years, including those caused by Ebola virus, Zika virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence or re-emergence of such diseases has revealed the deficiency in our pipeline for the discovery and development of antiviral drugs. One promising solution is the extensive library of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by all eukaryotic organisms. AMPs are widely known for their activity against bacteria, but many possess additional antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anticancer, or antiviral activities. AMPs could therefore be suitable as leads for the development of new peptide-based antiviral drugs. Sixty therapeutic peptides had been approved by the end of 2018, with at least another 150 in preclinical or clinical development. Peptides undergoing clinical trials include analogs, mimetics, and natural AMPs. The advantages of AMPs include novel mechanisms of action that hinder the evolution of resistance, low molecular weight, low toxicity toward human cells but high specificity and efficacy, the latter enhanced by the optimization of AMP sequences. In this opinion article, we summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of antiviral AMPs and discuss their potential to treat emerging viral diseases including COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miray Tonk
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mou Q, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ren T. EGCG induces β-defensin 3 against influenza A virus H1N1 by the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3017-3024. [PMID: 32855668 PMCID: PMC7444400 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main component of green tea, which has been proven to inhibit a variety of viruses, including influenza A virus. However, the mechanism of EGCG against influenza virus remains to be further explored. The mechanism of EGCG against influenza virus was studied. The results showed that EGCG significantly increased the levels of HBD3 mRNA and protein, while the levels of phosphorylation of (p)-p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK after EGCG treatment were significantly up-regulated. p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK inhibitors significantly inhibited the expression of HBD3 induced by EGCG. On the other hand, EGCG significantly inhibited the expression of HA and NP proteins in influenza A virus H1N1, but attenuated the anti-influenza A virus effect of EGCG after silencing HBD3. Thus, the anti-influenza virus effect of EGCG is related to the induction of HBD3 expression. In addition, the expression of EGCG-induced HBD3 is related to the p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. The research data show that EGCG can induce HBD3 expression through p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK signaling pathway to inhibit the replication of influenza A virus H1N1, providing a new and effective candidate drug for influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Mou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Physiology Chemistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mookherjee N, Anderson MA, Haagsman HP, Davidson DJ. Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:311-332. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Huang J, Qi Y, Wang A, Huang C, Liu X, Yang X, Li L, Zhou R. Porcine β-defensin 2 inhibits proliferation of pseudorabies virus in vitro and in transgenic mice. Virol J 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 32014007 PMCID: PMC6998849 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2), produced by host cells, is an antimicrobial cysteine-rich cationic peptide with multi-functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that PBD-2 can kill various bacteria, regulate host immune responses and promote growth of piglets. However, the antiviral role of PBD-2 is rarely investigated. This study aimed to reveal the antiviral ability of PBD-2 against pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative pathogen of Aujeszky’s disease, in PK-15 cells and in a PBD-2 expressing transgenic (TG) mouse model. Methods In this study, the cytotoxicity of PBD-2 on PK-15 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. PK-15 cells were incubated with PRV pre-treated with different concentrations of PBD-2 and PRV titers in cell culture supernatants were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). TG mice and wild-type (WT) mice were intraperitoneally injected with PRV and the survival rate was recorded for 10 days. Meanwhile, tissue lesions in brain, spleen and liver of infected mice were observed and the viral loads of PRV in brain, liver and lung were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results PBD-2 at a maximum concentration of 80 μg/mL displayed no significant cytotoxicity on PK-15 cells. A threshold concentration of PBD-2 at 40 μg/mL was required to inhibit PRV proliferation in PK-15 cells. The survival rate in PBD-2 TG mice was 50% higher than that of WT mice. In addition, TG mice showed alleviated tissue lesions in brain, spleen and liver compared with their WT littermates after PRV challenge, while viral loads of PRV in brain, liver and lung of TG mice were significantly lower than that of WT mice. Conclusions PBD-2 could inhibit PRV proliferation in PK-15 cells and protect mice from PRV infection, which confirmed the antiviral ability of PBD-2 both in vitro and in vivo. The application of PBD-2 in developing anti-viral drugs or disease-resistant animals can be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Antian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shilovskiy IP, Andreev SM, Kozhikhova KV, Nikolskii AA, Khaitov MR. Prospects For the Use of Peptides against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Ahmed A, Siman-Tov G, Hall G, Bhalla N, Narayanan A. Human Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutics for Viral Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080704. [PMID: 31374901 PMCID: PMC6722670 DOI: 10.3390/v11080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in vivo infection following pathogen entry requires the evasion and subversion of multiple immunological barriers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immune pathways upregulated during infection by multiple pathogens, in multiple organs in vivo. In humans, there are many classes of AMPs exhibiting broad antimicrobial activities, with defensins and the human cathelicidin LL-37 being the best studied examples. Whereas historically the efficacy and therapeutic potential of AMPs against bacterial infection has been the primary focus of research, recent studies have begun to elucidate the antiviral properties of AMPs as well as their role in regulation of inflammation and chemoattraction. AMPs as therapeutic tools seem especially promising against emerging infectious viral pathogens for which no approved vaccines or treatments are currently available, such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this review, we summarize recent studies elucidating the efficacy and diverse mechanisms of action of various classes of AMPs against multiple viral pathogens, as well as the potential use of human AMPs in novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslaa Ahmed
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Gavriella Siman-Tov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Grant Hall
- United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Nishank Bhalla
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meade KG, O'Farrelly C. β-Defensins: Farming the Microbiome for Homeostasis and Health. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3072. [PMID: 30761155 PMCID: PMC6362941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of microbiomes, and the most intensively studied, the microbiome also consists of viral, fungal, archael, and protozoan communities, about which comparatively little is known. Host-defense peptides (HDPs), originally described as antimicrobial, now have renewed significance as curators of the pervasive microbial loads required to maintain homeostasis and manage microbiome diversity. Harnessing HDP biology to transition away from non-selective, antibiotic-mediated treatments for clearance of microbes is a new paradigm, particularly in veterinary medicine. One family of evolutionarily conserved HDPs, β-defensins which are produced in diverse combinations by epithelial and immune cell populations, are multifunctional cationic peptides which manage the cross-talk between host and microbes and maintain a healthy yet dynamic equilibrium across mucosal systems. They are therefore key gatekeepers to the oral, respiratory, reproductive and enteric tissues, preventing pathogen-associated inflammation and disease and maintaining physiological normality. Expansions in the number of genes encoding these natural antibiotics have been described in the genomes of some species, the functional significance of which has only recently being appreciated. β-defensin expression has been documented pre-birth and disruptions in their regulation may play a role in maladaptive neonatal immune programming, thereby contributing to subsequent disease susceptibility. Here we review recent evidence supporting a critical role for β-defensins as farmers of the pervasive and complex prokaryotic ecosystems that occupy all body surfaces and cavities. We also share some new perspectives on the role of β-defensins as sensors of homeostasis and the immune vanguard particularly at sites of immunological privilege where inflammation is attenuated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Meade
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bourque LA, Raverty S, Co C, Lillie BN, Daoust PY, Clark ME, Caswell JL. Benzo(a)pyrene suppresses tracheal antimicrobial peptide gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 203:40-46. [PMID: 30243371 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans, which are also threatened by environmental degradation caused by crude oil spills. Following oil spills, cetaceans at the water surface may inhale droplets of oil containing toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which could potentially alter respiratory immunity via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its subsequent interaction with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). β-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by airway epithelial cells and their expression is known to be dependent on NF-κB. We hypothesized that PAHs may suppress the expression of β-defensins, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This hypothesis was modeled by measuring the in vitro effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), phenanthrene, and naphthalene on tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) gene expression in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced 20 ± 17-fold (mean ± SD) increased TAP gene expression. Exposure of tracheal epithelial cells to 5 μM BAP for 4 or 8 h, followed by incubation with a combination of LPS and 5 μM BAP for another 16 h, significantly (P = 0.002) suppressed LPS-induced TAP gene expression by 40.6 ± 21.8% (mean ± SD) in tracheal epithelial cells from 9 calves tested. BAP-induced suppression of TAP gene expression coincided with induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression. In contrast, phenanthrene and naphthalene had no consistent effect, and exposure to PAHs did not significantly affect constitutive TAP gene expression (i.e. without LPS). These findings characterize the suppressive effects of BAP-a toxic pollutant found in crude oil-on this respiratory innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bourque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, V3G 2M3 Abbotsford, BC, Canada.
| | - Carmon Co
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Yves Daoust
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, C1A 4P3 Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park MS, Kim JI, Lee I, Park S, Bae JY, Park MS. Towards the Application of Human Defensins as Antivirals. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:242-254. [PMID: 29310427 PMCID: PMC5933891 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immunity of hosts. Humans constitutively and/or inducibly express α- and β-defensins, which are known for their antiviral and antibacterial activities. This review describes the application of human defensins. We discuss the extant experimental results, limited though they are, to consider the potential applicability of human defensins as antiviral agents. Given their antiviral effects, we propose that basic research be conducted on human defensins that focuses on RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and dengue virus (DENV), which are considered serious human pathogens but have posed huge challenges for vaccine development for different reasons. Concerning the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of defensins, we then discuss the applicability of human defensins as antivirals that has been demonstrated in reports using animal models. Finally, we discuss the potential adjuvant-like activity of human defensins and propose an exploration of the ‘defensin vaccine’ concept to prime the body with a controlled supply of human defensins. In sum, we suggest a conceptual framework to achieve the practical application of human defensins to combat viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kalenik BM, Góra-Sochacka A, Sirko A. Β-defensins - Underestimated peptides in influenza combat. Virus Res 2018; 247:10-14. [PMID: 29421304 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are a family of host defense peptides present in vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. They display broad antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory functions. Herein, the natural anti-influenzal role of β-defensins, as well as their potential usage as anti-influenza vaccine adjuvants and therapeutic agents, is reviewed. This article summarizes previously published information on β-defensin modes of action, expression changes after influenza infection and vaccination, biotechnological usage and possible boosting of their production by dietary supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Małgorzata Kalenik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pachón-Ibáñez ME, Smani Y, Pachón J, Sánchez-Céspedes J. Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:323-342. [PMID: 28521337 PMCID: PMC5435762 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistance mechanisms, especially among bacteria, threatens the efficacy of all current antimicrobial agents, some of them already ineffective. As a result, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs. Host defense antimicrobial peptides (HDPs) are natural occurring and well-conserved peptides of innate immunity, broadly active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and fungi. They also are able to exert immunomodulatory and adjuvant functions by acting as chemotactic for immune cells, and inducing cytokines and chemokines secretion. Moreover, they show low propensity to elicit microbial adaptation, probably because of their non-specific mechanism of action, and are able to neutralize exotoxins and endotoxins. HDPs have the potential to be a great source of novel antimicrobial agents. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the advances made in the development of human defensins as well as the cathelicidin LL-37 and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, viruses and fungi for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville.,Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville.,Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao R, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang J, Niu W, Fan S, Xiong W, Ma J, Li X, Phillips JB, Tan M, Qiu Y, Li G, Zhou M. BRD7 plays an anti-inflammatory role during early acute inflammation by inhibiting activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:830-841. [PMID: 27374794 PMCID: PMC5649105 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown a strong association between tumor-suppressor genes and inflammation. However, the role of BRD7 as a novel tumor suppressor in inflammation remains unknown. In this study, by observing BRD7 knockout mice for 6-12 months, we discovered that compared with BRD7+/+ mice, BRD7-/- mice were more prone to inflammation, such as external inflammation and abdominal abscess. By using mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells from the BRD7 knockout mouse, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MEF cell line was established. The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were significantly increased in BRD7-/- MEF cells compared with BRD7+/+ MEF cells after LPS stimulation for 1 or 6 h. In addition, the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB; p65) and an increased NF-κB reporter activity were observed in BRD7-/- MEF cells at the 1 h time point but not at the 6 h time point. Furthermore, an in vivo dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model was created. As expected, the disease activity index (DAI) value was significantly increased in the BRD7-/- mice after DSS treatment for 1-5 days, which was demonstrated by the presence of a significantly shorter colon, splenomegaly and tissue damage. Moreover, higher expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, p65, CXCL-1 and iNOS, and an increased level of NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation were also found in the DSS-treated BRD7-/- mice. These findings suggest that BRD7 has an anti-inflammatory role during early acute inflammation by inhibiting activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway, which provides evidence to aid in understanding the therapeutic effects of BRD7 on inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Weihong Niu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Joshua B Phillips
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Epand RM. Antiviral Host Defence Peptides. HOST DEFENSE PEPTIDES AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123656 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32949-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global mortality and morbidity associated with viral pathogens highlights the need for the continued development of effective, novel antiviral molecules. The antiviral activity of cationic host defence peptides is of significant interest as novel therapeutics for treating viral infection and predominantly due to their broad spectrum antiviral activity. These peptides also display powerful immunomodulatory activity and are key mediators of inflammation. Therefore, they offer a significant opportunity to inform the development of novel therapeutics for treating viral infections by either directly targeting the pathogen or by enhancing the innate immune response. In this chapter, we review the antiviral activity of cathelicidins and defensins, and examine the potential for these peptides to be used as novel antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Epand
- Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Biswas B, Bhushan S, Rajesh A, Suraj SK, Lu Y, Meinhardt A, Yenugu S. UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) induced antimicrobial gene expression in the male reproductive tract of rat: evaluation of the potential of Defensin 21 to limit infection. Andrology 2015; 3:368-75. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Biswas
- Department of Animal Biology; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - S. Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - A. Rajesh
- Department of Animal Biology; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - S. K. Suraj
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Y. Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - A. Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology; School of Life Sciences; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Han F, Zhang H, Xia X, Xiong H, Song D, Zong X, Wang Y. Porcine β-defensin 2 attenuates inflammation and mucosal lesions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1882-93. [PMID: 25601921 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability plays a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Defensins, including porcine β-defensin (pBD)2, are crucial antimicrobial peptides for gut protection owing to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of pBD2 on mucosal injury and the disruption of the epithelial barrier during the pathological process of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The effects and mechanism of pBD2 were evaluated both using a DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model and, in vitro, using Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. DSS-induced colitis was characterized by higher disease activity index, shortened colon length, elevated activities of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase, histologic evidence of inflammation, and increased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. pBD2 increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, claudin-1, mucin-1, and mucin-2 mRNA and proteins, and it decreased permeability to FITC-D, as well as apoptosis, in DSS-treated mice. pBD2 also decreased inflammatory infiltrates of the colon epithelium. In Caco-2 cells, pBD2 increased transepithelial electrical resistance and mucin mRNA expression, and it decreased the permeability of FITC-D while preserving the structural integrity of the tight junctions. The effects of pBD2 appeared to be through upregulation of the expression of genes associated with tight junctions and mucins, and by suppressing DSS-induced increases in inflammation, inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and apoptosis. These results show that pBD2 improves DSS-induced changes in mucosal lesions and paracellular permeability, possibly by affecting the activation of NF-κB signaling. The present study demonstrates that intrarectal administration of pBD2 may be a novel preventive option for ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| | - Xi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| | - Haitao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| | - Deguang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop new antiviral treatments; of the 60 drugs currently available, half are aimed at HIV-1 and the remainder target only a further six viruses. This demand has led to the emergence of possible peptide therapies, with 15 currently in clinical trials. Advancements in understanding the antiviral potential of naturally occurring host defence peptides highlights the potential of a whole new class of molecules to be considered as antiviral therapeutics. Cationic host defence peptides, such as defensins and cathelicidins, are important components of innate immunity with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities. In recent years they have also been shown to be natural, broad-spectrum antivirals against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus. Here we review the antiviral properties of several families of these host peptides and their potential to inform the design of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gwyer Findlay
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Scotland, UK
| | - Silke M. Currie
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Scotland, UK
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meade KG, Cormican P, Narciandi F, Lloyd A, O'Farrelly C. Bovine β-defensin gene family: opportunities to improve animal health? Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:17-28. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent analysis of the bovine genome revealed an expanded suite of β-defensin genes that encode what are referred to as antimicrobial or host defense peptides (HDPs). Whereas primate genomes also encode α- and θ-defensins, the bovine genome contains only the β-defensin subfamily of HDPs. β-Defensins perform diverse functions that are critical to protection against pathogens but also in regulation of the immune response and reproduction. As the most comprehensively studied subclass of HDPs, β-defensins possess the widest taxonomic distribution, found in invertebrates as well as plants, indicating an ancient point of origin. Cross-species comparison of the genomic arrangement of β-defensin gene repertoire revealed them to vary in number among species presumably due to differences in pathogenic selective pressures but also genetic drift. β-Defensin genes exist in a single cluster in birds, but four gene clusters exist in dog, rat, mouse, and cow. In humans and chimpanzees, one of these clusters is split in two as a result of a primate-specific pericentric inversion producing five gene clusters. A cluster of β-defensin genes on bovine chromosome 13 has been recently characterized, and full genome sequencing has identified extensive gene copy number variation on chromosome 27. As a result, cattle have the most diverse repertoire of β-defensin genes so far identified, where four clusters contain at least 57 genes. This expansion of β-defensin HDPs may hold significant potential for combating infectious diseases and provides opportunities to harness their immunological and reproductive functions in commercial cattle populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Meade
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - P. Cormican
- Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - F. Narciandi
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - A. Lloyd
- Department of Science & Health, Carlow Institute of Technology, Co. Carlow, Ireland
| | - C. O'Farrelly
- Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Becknell B, Spencer JD, Carpenter AR, Chen X, Singh A, Ploeger S, Kline J, Ellsworth P, Li B, Proksch E, Schwaderer AL, Hains DS, Justice SS, McHugh KM. Expression and antimicrobial function of beta-defensin 1 in the lower urinary tract. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77714. [PMID: 24204930 PMCID: PMC3804605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta defensins (BDs) are cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity that defend epithelial surfaces including the skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts. However, BD expression and function in the urinary tract are incompletely characterized. The purpose of this study was to describe Beta Defensin-1 (BD-1) expression in the lower urinary tract, regulation by cystitis, and antimicrobial activity toward uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in vivo. Human DEFB1 and orthologous mouse Defb1 mRNA are detectable in bladder and ureter homogenates, and human BD-1 protein localizes to the urothelium. To determine the relevance of BD-1 to lower urinary tract defense in vivo, we evaluated clearance of UPEC by Defb1 knockout (Defb1-/-) mice. At 6, 18, and 48 hours following transurethral UPEC inoculation, no significant differences were observed in bacterial burden in bladders or kidneys of Defb1-/- and wild type C57BL/6 mice. In wild type mice, bladder Defb1 mRNA levels decreased as early as two hours post-infection and reached a nadir by six hours. RT-PCR profiling of BDs identified expression of Defb3 and Defb14 mRNA in murine bladder and ureter, which encode for mBD-3 and mBD-14 protein, respectively. MBD-14 protein expression was observed in bladder urothelium following UPEC infection, and both mBD-3 and mBD-14 displayed dose-dependent bactericidal activity toward UPEC in vitro. Thus, whereas mBD-1 deficiency does not alter bladder UPEC burden in vivo, we have identified mBD-3 and mBD-14 as potential mediators of mucosal immunity in the lower urinary tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Becknell
- Section of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John David Spencer
- Section of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Carpenter
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aspinder Singh
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Ploeger
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Kline
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick Ellsworth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Birong Li
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew L. Schwaderer
- Section of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David S. Hains
- Section of Nephrology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheryl S. Justice
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSJ); (KMM)
| | - Kirk M. McHugh
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SSJ); (KMM)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Z, MacLeod DT, Di Nardo A. Commensal bacteria lipoteichoic acid increases skin mast cell antimicrobial activity against vaccinia viruses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1551-8. [PMID: 22772452 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are considered sentinels in the skin and mucosa. Their ability to release antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidin, protects against bacterial infections when the epithelial barrier is breached. We recently described that MCs defend against bacterial and viral infections through the release of cathelicidin during degranulation. In this study, we hypothesize that cathelicidin expression is induced in MCs by the activation of TLR2 from bacterial products (lipoteichoic acid) produced by commensal bacteria at the epithelial surface. Our research shows that signaling through TLR2 increases the production and expression of cathelicidin in mast cells, thereby enhancing their capacity to fight vaccinia virus. MCs deficient in cathelicidin were less efficient in killing vaccinia virus after lipoteichoic acid stimulation than wild-type cells. Moreover, the activation of TLR2 increases the MC recruitment at the skin barrier interface. Taken together, our findings reveal that the expression and control of antimicrobial peptides and TLR signaling on MCs are key in fighting viral infection. Our findings also provide new insights into the pathogenesis of skin infections and suggest potential roles for MCs and TLR2 ligands in antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|