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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Quijada L, Pfister DH. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 5: Erysiphe (the " Microsphaera lineage" part 1). Mycologia 2024; 116:106-147. [PMID: 37955985 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2252715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we offer the fifth installment of a series focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This paper is the second segment evaluating the genus Erysiphe. The first treatment of Erysiphe focused on phylogenetically basal species in the "Uncinula lineage." This research presents a phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of species that form the group previously referred to as the "Microsphaera lineage." Given the size of the group, we split the treatment of this lineage of Erysiphe species into two parts based on their phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS+28S data are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (CAM, GADPH, GS, RPB2, and TUB). Included in the analysis of the Microsphaera lineage is the "Erysiphe aquilegiae complex" (group, clade, cluster), which encompasses sequences obtained from an assemblage of Erysiphe species with insufficient resolution in rDNA analyses. Attempts have been made to resolve this group at the species level by applying a multilocus approach. A detailed discussion of the "Erysiphe aquilegiae complex" is provided. Sequences are provided for the first time for several species, particularly North American species, such as Erysiphe aggregata, E. erineophila, E. parnassiae, and E. semitosta. Ex-type sequences for Microsphaera benzoin and M. magnusii have been retrieved. Alphitomorpha penicillata, Microsphaera vanbruntiana, and M. symphoricarpi are epitypified with ex-epitype sequences. The new species Erysiphe alnicola, E. deutziana, E. cornigena, E. lentaginis, and E. sambucina are described, the new combinations E. lauracearum, E. passiflorae, and E. sambucicola are introduced, and the new name E. santali is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Farlow Herbarium, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Luis Quijada
- Farlow Herbarium, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n, Facultad de Farmacia, Apartado 456, Código postal 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Farlow Herbarium, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Pfister DH. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 4: Erysiphe (the "Uncinula lineage"). Mycologia 2023; 115:871-903. [PMID: 37676759 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2230853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This is the fourth contribution within an ongoing series dedicated to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This particular installment undertakes a comprehensive evaluation of a group previously referred to as the "Uncinula lineage" within Erysiphe. The genus Erysiphe is too large to be assessed in a single paper; thus, the treatment of Erysiphe is split into three parts, according to phylogenetic lineages. The first paper, presented here, discusses the most basal lineage of Erysiphe and its relationship to allied basal genera within tribe Erysipheae (i.e., Brasiliomyces and Salmonomyces). ITS+28S analyses are insufficient to resolve the basal assemblage of taxa within the Erysipheae. Therefore, phylogenetic multilocus examinations have been carried out to better understand the evolution of these taxa. The results of our analyses favor maintaining Brasiliomyces, Bulbomicroidium, and Salmonomyces as separate genera, at least for the interim, until further phylogenetic multilocus data are available for additional basal taxa within the Erysipheae. The current analyses also confirmed previous results that showed that the "Uncinula lineage" is not exclusively composed of Erysiphe species of sect. Uncinula but also includes some species that morphologically align with sect. Erysiphe, as well as species that had previously been assigned to Californiomyces and Typhulochaeta. Numerous sequences of Erysiphe species from the "Uncinula lineage" have been included in the present phylogenetic analyses and were confirmed by their position in well-supported species clades. Several species have been sequenced for the first time, including Erysiphe clintonii, E. couchii, E. geniculata, E. macrospora, and E. parvula. Ex-type sequences are provided for 16 taxa including E. nothofagi, E. trinae, and E. variabilis. Epitypes are designated and ex-epitype sequences are added for 18 taxa including Erysiphe carpophila, E. densa, and U. geniculata var. carpinicola. The new species Erysiphe canariensis is described, and the new names E. hosagoudarii and E. pseudoprunastri and the new combination E. ampelopsidis are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradshaw
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Uwe Braun
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Ji X, Tian Y, Liu W, Lin C, He F, Yang J, Miao W, Li Z. Mitochondrial characteristics of the powdery mildew genus Erysiphe revealed an extraordinary evolution in protein-coding genes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123153. [PMID: 36610569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Erysiphe was an obligate parasite causing powdery mildew disease on a wide range of higher plants. However, the knowledge of their mitogenome architecture for lifestyle adaptability was scarce. Here, we assembled the first complete mitogenome (190,559 bp in size) for rubber tree powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe quercicola. Comparable analysis of the Erysiphe mitogenomes exhibited conserved gene content, genome organization and codon usage bias, but extensive dynamic intron gain/loss events were presented between Erysiphe species. The phylogeny of the Ascomycota species constructed in the phylogenetic analysis showed genetic divergences of the Erysiphe species. Compared with other distant saprophytic and plant pathogenic fungi, Erysiphe had a flat distribution of evolutionary pressures on fungal standard protein-coding genes (PCGs). The Erysiphe PCGs had the highest mean selection pressure. In particular, Erysiphe's cox1, nad1, cob and rps3 genes had the most elevated selection pressures among corresponding PCGs across fungal genera. Altogether, the investigations provided a novel insight into the potential evolutionary pattern of the genus Erysiphe to adapt obligate biotrophic lifestyle and promoted the understanding of the high plasticity and population evolution of fungal mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Ji
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Bradshaw MJ, Braun U, Pfister DH. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces. Mycologia 2022; 114:964-993. [PMID: 36223598 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus Golovinomyces and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of Golovinomyces spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species, G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and G. reginae are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of Erysiphe sparsa (≡ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of G. valerianae reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bradshaw
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Solano-Báez AR, Kolaøik M, Rodríguez-Mendoza J, Bravo-Luna L, Beltran-Peña H, Márquez-Licona G. First Report of Erysiphe betae Causing Powdery Mildew on Chard ( Beta vulgaris var. cicla) in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:1228. [PMID: 36194732 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1321-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla; Chenopodiaceae) is a vegetable native to the Mediterranean, widely cultivated for its nutritional properties. In June 2020, an outbreak of powdery mildew was detected in a commercial crop of chard in San Martín Texmelucan, Puebla (19°14'37.1"N; 98°27'12.5"W), Mexico. The disease was present in 86% of the plants (n=400) and the pathogen was found to cover up to 95% of the surface of the leaves. Initially, small whitish patches were observed on both sides of the leaves. Subsequently, the patches grew rapidly to cover most of the leaf surface and premature senescence of infected leaves was observed. The signs of the pathogen were observed as abundant whitish masses of conidia. Microscopic analysis of the fungus showed amphigenous mycelia with lobed hyphal appressoria. Conidiophores (n=30) were simple and erect, 93133 × 7.58.5 μm. Foot cells (n=30) were cylindrical, predominately straight, and rarely somewhat curved at the base, 30.036.5 μm, followed by a longer cell and two shorter cells, and the conidium. Conidia (n=100) were hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid, 3745 × 1416 μm. Germ tubes (n =30) were terminal, short (0.52.0 times the conidial width) and stout. Conidial appressoria (n=30) were mostly lobed, showing from 2-6 lobes. Chasmothecia were not found. The morphological characteristics observed correspond to previous descriptions of Erysiphe betae by Braun and Cook et al. (2012). A voucher specimen (accession no. UACH450) was deposited in the Department of Agricultural Parasitology Herbarium at the Chapingo Autonomous University. To confirm identification, DNA was extracted from the fungus, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the 28S gene region of rDNA from one sample were amplified by PCR, using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and PM3 (Takamatsu and Kano 2001)/TW14 (Mori et al. 2000). The sequences obtained from our specimen were registered to the GenBank under the accession numbers ON157053 and ON157047 for ITS and LSU, respectively. Our sequences shared 100% identity for ITS (KX574674) and 99.8% for LSU (OM033348 and OM368494) with sequences of E. betae in BLAST'n search. Based on phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method including a published ITS + 28S dataset for Erysiphe species, the isolate UACH450 was grouped into a clade with E. betae. Takamatsu et al. (2015) found that E. betae, E. malvae and E. heraclei are phylogenetically indistinguishable (they form the E. heraclei species complex), nevertheless, E. malavae infects Lavatera and Malva (Malvaceae), E. heraclei predominately forms on hosts of Apiaceae and E. betae is commonly found on Beta and Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) (Braun and Cook 2012). Pathogenicity was verified by spraying a suspension of conidia (1107 conidia/ml) onto the leaves of six healthy chard plants and six plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water to serve as controls. All plants were maintained at temperatures from 28 2 °C and relative humidity of 802 %. All inoculated leaves developed powdery mildew symptoms after 14 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The pathogenicity test was performed twice, observing the same results. The recovered pathogen showed the same morphological characteristics as the inoculated pathogen, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Erysiphe betae causing powdery mildew on Beta vulgaris var. cicla in Mexico. This pathogen has been previously reported in Iraq (Amano, 1986) and Greece (Vakalounakis and Kavroulakis, 2017) on Beta vulgaris var. cicla. Also, Erysiphe betae has been reported in Mexico on Chenopodium and throughout the world on sugar beet (Farr and Rossman, 2022). This pathogen is a major issue as it can completely cover the leaves of the diseased plants, making them difficult to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rosa Solano-Báez
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, Boulevard Macario Gaxiola y Carretera Internacional s/n, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, 81223;
| | | | - Johan Rodríguez-Mendoza
- Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal , Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria, Km. 37.5 Carretera Federal México-Pachuca, Tecámac , Estado de México, Mexico, 55740;
| | - Leticia Bravo-Luna
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Beltran-Peña
- UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE OCCIDENTE, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, Blvd. Macario Gaxiola y Carretera internacional, Los Mochis, Mexico, Mexico, 81223
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente;
| | - Guillermo Márquez-Licona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, 62731;
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Liu L, Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Khodaparast SA, Liu TZ, Bulgakov TS, Darsaraei H, Hofbauer WK, Li Y, Liu SY. Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Erysiphe berberidis</i> (s. lat.) revisited. MYCOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Michael Bradshaw
- Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
| | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium
| | - Monika Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, JKI, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
| | | | - Tie-zhi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chifeng University
| | - Timur S. Bulgakov
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - Hamideh Darsaraei
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
| | | | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Shu-yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University
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Banyal DK, Dixit H, Chaudhary J, Malannavar AB, Thakur N. Deciphering diversity at er loci for diversification of powdery mildew resistance in pea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16037. [PMID: 36163338 PMCID: PMC9512827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural biotechnology aims to scrutinize the field crops which feed half of the world's population by improving their agronomic traits using various biotechnological tools. Pea- an important cash crop, rich in nutrients, but frequently infected with powdery mildew (fungal disease caused by Erysiphe pisi) that destroys the whole crop and causes economic loss for growers. We, therefore, targeted this research to find the pathogen-resistant pea lines and further decipher the diversity at er locus among resistant pea lines. Screening for resistant pea lines was done with Erysiphe pisi isolates (Genebank submission: KX455922.1) under the net house and greenhouse conditions. Molecular studies revealed that the Erysiphe resistant (er1) gene was present in 40 lines out of selected 50 pea lines and the mutational character was conferred up to 36 genotypes with 11 haplotype groups. The haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd) was found to be 0.5571 ± 0.099 SD and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.0160 ± 0.0042 SD Majority of resistant lines (67%) occurred in Hap-1, other remaining haplotypes (Hap 2-10) having 33% resistant lines, each showing characteristic nucleotide substitutions with respect to reference PsMLO1 gene; genotypes from these divergent haplotypes can be used in pea resistance breeding to avoid genetic homogeneity and genetic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder K Banyal
- Department of Plant Pathology, COA, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Himisha Dixit
- Department of Plant Pathology, COA, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | | | | | - Nisha Thakur
- Department of Plant Pathology, COA, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, 176061, India.
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Liu L, Hui LC, Yu SR, Li Y, Liu SY. <i>Erysiphe ruyongzhengiana </i>sp. nov., a new powdery mildew species on <i>Aristolochia debilis</i>, belonging to the <i>Erysiphe aquilegiae</i> clade. MYCOSCIENCE 2022; 63:169-175. [PMID: 37090474 PMCID: PMC10042307 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildew was found on Aristolochia debilis (Aristolochiaceae) in Jiangsu Province and Shandong Province, China. This fungus is characterized by having long conidiophore foot-cells which are straight or curved at the base, and chasmothecia with numerous appendages. Phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer sequences showed that five sequences on A. debilis determined in this study and two sequences retrieved from Erysiphe sp. on A. debilis formed an independent cluster within the Erysiphe aquilegiae clade with 58% bootstrap support. This powdery mildew differs from allied species of the E. aquilegiae clade in producing longer conidia and conidiophores with longer foot-cells, which are often curved at the base. Morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed a new powdery mildew species, described as Erysiphe ruyongzhengiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | | | | | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University
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Vaghefi N, Kusch S, Németh MZ, Seress D, Braun U, Takamatsu S, Panstruga R, Kiss L. Beyond Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Closest Known Saprobic Relatives of Powdery Mildew Fungi ( Erysiphaceae) Inferred From Their First Comprehensive Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903024. [PMID: 35756050 PMCID: PMC9218914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae), common obligate biotrophic pathogens of many plants, including important agricultural and horticultural crops, represent a monophyletic lineage within the Ascomycota. Within the Erysiphaceae, molecular phylogenetic relationships and DNA-based species and genera delimitations were up to now mostly based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) phylogenies. This is the first comprehensive genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of this group using 751 single-copy orthologous sequences extracted from 24 selected powdery mildew genomes and 14 additional genomes from Helotiales, the fungal order that includes the Erysiphaceae. Representative genomes of all powdery mildew species with publicly available whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data that were of sufficient quality were included in the analyses. The 24 powdery mildew genomes included in the analysis represented 17 species belonging to eight out of 19 genera recognized within the Erysiphaceae. The epiphytic genera, all but one represented by multiple genomes, belonged each to distinct, well-supported lineages. Three hemiendophytic genera, each represented by a single genome, together formed the hemiendophytic lineage. Out of the 14 other taxa from the Helotiales, Arachnopeziza araneosa, a saprobic species, was the only taxon that grouped together with the 24 genome-sequenced powdery mildew fungi in a monophyletic clade. The close phylogenetic relationship between the Erysiphaceae and Arachnopeziza was revealed earlier by a phylogenomic study of the Leotiomycetes. Further analyses of powdery mildew and Arachnopeziza genomes may discover signatures of the evolutionary processes that have led to obligate biotrophy from a saprobic way of life. A separate phylogeny was produced using the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S nrDNA sequences of the same set of powdery mildew specimens and compared to the genome-scale phylogeny. The nrDNA phylogeny was largely congruent to the phylogeny produced using 751 orthologs. This part of the study has revealed multiple contamination and other quality issues in some powdery mildew genomes. We recommend that the presence of 28S, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and 18S nrDNA sequences in powdery mildew WGS datasets that are identical to those determined by Sanger sequencing should be used to assess the quality of assemblies, in addition to the commonly used Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Kusch
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Márk Z. Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Seress
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Levente Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Research and Development, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary
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Deng D, Sun S, Wu W, Duan C, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhu Z. Identification of Causal Agent Inciting Powdery Mildew on Common Bean and Screening of Resistance Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070874. [PMID: 35406856 PMCID: PMC9003302 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the severe diseases on common bean in Southwestern China, but the identity of the pathogen inciting this disease is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of common bean powdery mildew and to screen resistant cultivars. The pathogen was identified through morphological identification, molecular phylogenetic analysis, and pathogenicity tests. Resistance of common bean cultivars was evaluated by artificial inoculation at the seedling stage. The common bean powdery mildew isolate CBPM1 was obtained after pathogen isolation and purification. Morphological identification confirmed that the isolate CBPM1 belonged to the Oidium subgenus Pseudoidium and germinated Pseudoidium-type germ tubes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate CBPM1 and Erysiphe vignae isolates from different hosts were clustered into a distinct group. The pathogenicity and host range tests revealed that the isolate CBPM1 was strongly pathogenic to common bean, multiflora bean, lablab bean, cowpea, and mung bean, but not to soybean, adzuki bean, pea, faba bean, chickpea, lentil, pumpkin, and cucumber. In addition, 54 common bean cultivars were identified for resistance to powdery mildew, and 15 were resistant or segregant. Based on the morphological, molecular and pathogenic characteristics, the causal agent of common bean powdery mildew was identified as E. vignae. This is the first time E. vignae has been confirmed on common bean. Cultivars with different resistance levels were screened, and these cultivars could be used for disease control or the breeding of new resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Deng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.D.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Suli Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.D.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-82109609 (Z.Z.); Fax: +86-10-82109608 (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.D.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.D.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
| | - Zhaoli Wang
- Coarse Cereal Unit, Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551700, China; (Z.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Coarse Cereal Unit, Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551700, China; (Z.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.D.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-82109609 (Z.Z.); Fax: +86-10-82109608 (Z.Z.)
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11
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New Records of Powdery Mildews from Taiwan: Erysiphe ipomoeae comb. nov., E. aff. betae on Buckwheat, and E. neolycopersici comb. nov. on Cardiospermum halicacabum. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Erysiphe is the largest genus of powdery mildews (PMs), a group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi. Exploration of biodiversity generally relies on regional surveys and our aim is to investigate the PMs in Taiwan. Collections of the fungi on five plant species around agricultural environments were subjected to morphological and molecular characterization, using both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin gene (TUB2) regions for the phylogenetic analyses. Erysipheipomoeae comb. nov., a species able to infect Ipomoea obscura and I. aquatica demonstrated by pathogenicity tests, has been neotypified. The two buckwheat species, Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum, are found to be hosts of E. aff. betae. These results suggest that hosts in some plant families can be infected by more than one Erysiphe pathogen, e.g., Convolvulaceae by E. ipomoeae and E. convolvuli and Polygonaceae by E. polygoni and E. aff. betae, respectively. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of PMs on Cardiospermum halicacabum and tomato belonging to the E. aquilegiae complex are allocated under E. neolycopersici comb. nov. This extends the potential host range of E. aquilegiae complex to the plant family Sapindaceae. We conclude that awareness of the host associations of PMs can potentially benefit crop disease management.
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12
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Sulima AS, Zhukov VA. War and Peas: Molecular Bases of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and Other Legumes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030339. [PMID: 35161319 PMCID: PMC8838241 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes, or pulses, have many beneficial properties that make them potentially attractive to agriculture. However, the large-scale cultivation of legumes faces a number of difficulties, in particular the vulnerability of the currently available cultivars to various diseases that significantly impair yields and seed quality. One of the most dangerous legume pathogens is powdery mildew (a common name for parasitic fungi of the order Erisyphales). This review examines the methods of controlling powdery mildew that are used in modern practice, including fungicides and biological agents. Special attention is paid to the plant genetic mechanisms of resistance, which are the most durable, universal and environmentally friendly. The most studied legume plant in this regard is the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), which possesses naturally occurring resistance conferred by mutations in the gene MLO1 (Er1), for which we list here all the known resistant alleles, including er1-12 discovered by the authors of this review. Recent achievements in the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew in other legumes and prospects for the introduction of this resistance into other agriculturally important legume species are also discussed.
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13
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Thompson S, Neill T, Mahaffee W, Miles T. Bridging the gap between powdery mildew genomics and valuable culturing methods of Erysiphe necator and Podosphaera aphanis. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Liu SY, Jin D, Götz M, Bradshaw M, Liu M, Takamatsu S, Braun U. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae ( Erysiphaceae) revisited. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:390-394. [PMID: 37090177 PMCID: PMC9721504 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of Podosphaera filipendulae (including P. filipendulensis, syn. nov.) have been examined. Asian, European and North American collections were examined and the nucleotides sequences of their partial rDNA region were determined. In particular, the relationship between P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae was analysed. The results confirmed P. filipendulae and P. spiraeae as two separate, morphologically similar species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a similar phylogeny to that of the host genera. Although ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens of P. filipendulae on various Filipendula spp. are identical to sequences from P. macularis on hop, there is consistently one base substitution at the 5'-end of 28S rRNA gene between the species. This result provides evidence that the hop powdery mildew and P. filipendulae are biologically and morphologically clearly distinguished, and should be maintained as two separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Danni Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Monika Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, JKI, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants
| | | | - Miao Liu
- Biodiversity and Bioresources, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| | | | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden
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15
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Phillips MA, Steenwyk JL, Shen XX, Rokas A. Examination of Gene Loss in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway and Its Mutational Consequences in a Fungal Phylum. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab219. [PMID: 34554246 PMCID: PMC8597960 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway corrects mismatched bases produced during DNA replication and is highly conserved across the tree of life, reflecting its fundamental importance for genome integrity. Loss of function in one or a few MMR genes can lead to increased mutation rates and microsatellite instability, as seen in some human cancers. Although loss of MMR genes has been documented in the context of human disease and in hypermutant strains of pathogens, examples of entire species and species lineages that have experienced substantial MMR gene loss are lacking. We examined the genomes of 1,107 species in the fungal phylum Ascomycota for the presence of 52 genes known to be involved in the MMR pathway of fungi. We found that the median ascomycete genome contained 49/52 MMR genes. In contrast, four closely related species of obligate plant parasites from the powdery mildew genera Erysiphe and Blumeria, have lost between five and 21 MMR genes, including MLH3, EXO1, and DPB11. The lost genes span MMR functions, include genes that are conserved in all other ascomycetes, and loss of function of any of these genes alone has been previously linked to increased mutation rate. Consistent with the hypothesis that loss of these genes impairs MMR pathway function, we found that powdery mildew genomes with higher levels of MMR gene loss exhibit increased numbers of mononucleotide runs, longer microsatellites, accelerated sequence evolution, elevated mutational bias in the A|T direction, and decreased GC content. These results identify a striking example of macroevolutionary loss of multiple MMR pathway genes in a eukaryotic lineage, even though the mutational outcomes of these losses appear to resemble those associated with detrimental MMR dysfunction in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xing-Xing Shen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, USA
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16
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Kelly LA, Vaghefi N, Bransgrove K, Fechner NA, Stuart K, Pandey AK, Sharma M, Németh MZ, Liu SY, Tang SR, Nair RM, Douglas CA, Kiss L. One Crop Disease, How Many Pathogens? Podosphaera xanthii and Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. Identified as the Two Species that Cause Powdery Mildew of Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) and Black Gram ( V. mungo) in Australia. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1193-1206. [PMID: 33487024 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-20-0554-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is a significant threat to mungbean (Vigna radiata) and black gram (V. mungo) production across Australia and overseas. Although they have been present in Australia for at least six decades and are easily recognized in the field, the precise identification of the pathogens causing this disease has remained unclear. Our goal was to identify the powdery mildew species infecting mungbean, black gram, and wild mungbean (V. radiata ssp. sublobata) in Australia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit sequences of the ribosomal DNA and/or morphology of 57 Australian specimens were examined. Mungbean and black gram were infected by two species: Podosphaera xanthii and a newly recognized taxon, Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. Wild mungbean was infected only with P. xanthii. Mungbean and black gram powdery mildew ITS sequences from China, India, and Taiwan revealed the presence of only P. xanthii on these crops despite controversial reports of an Erysiphe species on both crops in India. Sequence analyses indicated that the closest relative of E. vignae is E. diffusa, which infects soybean (Glycine max) and other plants. E. vignae did not infect soybean in cross-inoculation tests. In turn, E. diffusa from soybean infected black gram and provoked hypersensitive response in mungbean. The recognition of a second species, E. vignae, as another causal agent of mungbean and black gram powdery mildew in Australia may complicate plant breeding efforts and control of the disease with fungicide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kelly
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
- Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Kaylene Bransgrove
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4102 Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Nigel A Fechner
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Herbarium, Mt. Coot-tha Botanic Gardens, QLD 4066 Toowong, Australia
| | - Kara Stuart
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4102 Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Márk Z Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu-Rong Tang
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ramakrishnan M Nair
- World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Colin A Douglas
- Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4370 Warwick, Australia
| | - Levente Kiss
- University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia
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Zhu M, Duan X, Guo H, Huang W, Quan K, Yan X, Ji J, Li Y, Li Z. Occurrence of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe buhrii on Dianthus chinensis in Inner Mongolia, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:4154. [PMID: 34156270 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0048-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dianthus chinensis is widely cultivated for ornamental and medicinal use in China (Guo et al. 2017). The plant has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of urinary problems such as strangury and diuresis (Han et al. 2015). In June and July 2020, powdery mildew-like signs and symptoms were seen on leaves of D. chinensis cultivated on the campus of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot city, Inner Mongolia Province, China. White powder-like masses occurred in irregular shaped lesions on both leaf surfaces and covered up to 50% of leaf area. Some infected leaves were deformed on their edges and some leaf senescence occurred. More than 40 % of plants (n = 180) exhibited these signs and symptoms. Conidiophores (n = 50) of the suspect fungus were unbranched and measured 70 to 140 µm long × 6 to 10 µm wide and had foot cells that were 25 to 48 µm long. Conidia (n = 50) were produced singly, elliptical to cylindrical shaped, 30 to 45 µm long × 12 to 19 µm wide, with length/width ratio of 2.0 to 3.2, and lacked fibrosin bodies. No chasmothecia were found. Based on these morphological characteristics, the fungus was tentatively identified as an Erysiphe sp. (Braun and Cook 2012). Fungal structures were isolated from diseased leaves and genomic DNA of the pathogen extracted utilizing the method described by Zhu et al. (2019). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified by PCR employing the primers PMITS1/PMITS2 (Cunnington et al. 2003) and the amplicon sequenced by Invitrogen (Shanghai, China). The sequence for the powdery mildew fungus (deposited into GenBank under Accession No. MW144997) showed 100 % identity (558/558 bp) with E. buhrii (Accession No. LC009898) that was reported on Dianthus sp. in Japan (Takamatsu et al. 2015). Pathogenicity tests were done by collecting fungal conidia from infected D. chinensis leaves and brushing them onto leaves of four healthy plants. Four uninoculated plants served as controls. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were placed in separate growth chambers maintained at 19 ℃, 65 % humidity, with a 16 h/8 h light/dark period. Nine-days post-inoculation, powdery mildew disease signs appeared on inoculated plants, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The same results were obtained for two repeated pathogenicity experiments. The powdery mildew fungus was identified and confirmed as E. buhrii based on morphological and molecular analysis. An Oidium sp. causing powdery mildew on D. chinensis previously was reported in Xinjiang Province, China (Zheng and Yu 1987). This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. buhrii on D. chinensis in China (Farr and Rossman 2020). The sudden occurrence of this destructive powdery mildew disease on D. chinensis may adversely affect the health, ornamental value and medicinal uses of the plant in China. Identifying the cause of the disease will support efforts for its future control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China, 453007
- Henan Normal University, 66519, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China, 453007;
| | - Xiao Duan
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Haoran Guo
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Wei Huang
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Ke Quan
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Xiao Yan
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Jie Ji
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - YongFang Li
- Henan Normal University, 66519, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Normal University, 66519, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China;
| | - Zhengnan Li
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 117454, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China;
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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex ( Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Syst Evol 2021; 7:49-65. [PMID: 34124617 PMCID: PMC8165964 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, belonging to the genus Erysiphe, on Lonicera species throughout the world are examined and discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequences retrieved from Erysiphe lonicerae, a widespread powdery mildew species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere on a wide range of Lonicera spp., constitutes a complex of two separate species, viz., E. lonicerae (s. str.) and Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. Erysiphe lonicerae occurs on Lonicera spp. belonging to Lonicera subgen. Lonicera (= subgen. Caprifolium and subgen. Periclymenum), as well as L. japonica. Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. occurs on Lonicera spp. of Lonicera subgen. Chamaecerasus. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have also revealed that Microsphaera caprifoliacearum (≡ Erysiphe caprifoliacearum) should be reduced to synonymy with E. lonicerae (s. str.). Additionally, Erysiphe lonicerina sp. nov. on Lonicera japonica in Japan is described and the new name Erysiphe flexibilis, based on Microsphaera lonicerae var. flexuosa, is introduced. The phylogeny of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae as well as other Erysiphe species on honeysuckle is discussed, and a survey of all species, including a key to the species concerned, is provided. Citation: Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S (2020). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex (Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 49-65. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bradshaw
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - U. Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute for Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514–8507, Japan
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Meeboon J, Okamoto J, Takamatsu S. Two new records of powdery mildews ( Erysiphaceae) from Japan: Erysiphe actinidiicola sp. nov. and Erysiphe sp. on Limonium tetragonum. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:198-204. [PMID: 37091319 PMCID: PMC9157753 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Erysiphe actinidiicola on Actinidia polygama is described based on morphological and molecular data. Erysiphe actinidiicola is distinguished from E. actinidiae var. actinidiae by having irregularly to dichotomously branched chasmothecial appendages, larger chasmothecia sizes and numbers of asci per chasmothecium. Molecular analyses indicated that this species forms a clade separated from E. actinidiae var. actinidiae. An epitype is proposed for E. actinidiae var. actinidiae with ex-epitype sequences. A powdery mildew found on Limonium tetragonum is tentatively described as Erysiphe sp. This species is distinguished from E. limonii, a powdery mildew on Limonium spp., based on the DNA sequence differences in the 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region as well as the morphological differences in the length of the conidiophores. This is the first record of powdery mildew on L. tetragonum in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamjan Meeboon
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Jun Okamoto
- Floriculture Group, Agricultural Research Division, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center
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Rosati M, Bogoescu M, Spadaro D. First report of Erysiphe corylacearum, agent of powdery mildew, on hazelnut ( Corylus avellana) in Romania. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2728. [PMID: 33616431 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0024-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Romania has an area dedicated to hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), covering 890 hectares as of 2019. During October 2020, powdery mildew symptoms were observed on the upper side of leaves of hazelnut 'Tonda di Giffoni' in two commercial orchards in Dudeștii Vechi, Romania (Fig. 1). The disease was present on 70% of the trees in planting, with at least 5 leaves per tree having powdery mildew. Micromorphological examination revealed amphigenous, hyaline, branched, septate mycelial patches of 2.3 to 3.6 μm in diameter. Conidiophores measured 24-60 × 5-6 (average: 45 × 6) μm and consisted of erect, cylindrical to flexuous foot cells, followed by 1-2 shorter cells. Ellipsoid, ovoid to doliform conidia were produced singly and they measured 19-35 × 16-24 (average: 28 × 19) μm. Chasmothecia were spherical, 75 to 107 (average: 88) μm in diameter. Nine to thirteen straight, sometimes flexuous, appendages measured 54 to 92 (average: 66) μm in length and they had five times dichotomous branched apices with curved tips (Fig. 2). Each chasmothecium contained three to five ellipsoid, ovoid to subglobose asci measuring 41-58 × 29-55 μm (average 52 × 43) μm. The asci contained four to eight ascospores measuring 13-24 × 11-15 (average 18 × 14) μm. Morphological identification was confirmed by sequencing the ITS-region of rDNA using two isolates from leaves, stored as frozen mycelium at -20°C. PCR was performed with Erysiphales-specific primer pair PMITS1/PMITS2 (Cunnington et al. 2003). The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession n° MW423075, MW423076). Blast analysis of both sequences had 100% identity to ITS rDNA sequences of Erysiphe corylacearum from Azerbaijan (Abasova et al. 2018; Accession n° LC270863), Turkey (Sezer et al. 2017; KY082910), Switzerland (Beenken et al. 2020; MN82272), Iran (Arzanlou et al. 2018; MH047243), Italy (Mezzalama et al. 2020; MW045425) and 99% identity from Georgia (Meparishvili et al. 2019; MK157199). The sequences had a lower percent identity (83%) to Phyllactinia guttata (Accession n° AB080558) (Fig. 3). Pathogenicity was verified on one-year-old plants of C. avellana 'Tonda di Giffoni', which were artificially inoculated with a conidial suspension from infected leaves (n = 25). Inoculated plants were incubated at 20 to 28°C with 70 to 80% relative humidity. White mycelium appeared on the upper surface of the leaves at 8 to 10 days after inoculation. No symptoms were found on control plants sprayed with sterile water. The fungus present on inoculated leaves was morphologically identical to the original isolates from diseased trees from the field. E. corylacearum is native to East Asia and was previously reported in Japan on wild species of Corylus (Takamatsu et al. 2015; Accession n° LC009928). The pathogen most likely spread into Europe from east to west of Europe (Heluta et al. 2019), through the Caucasus, starting from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Iran. P. guttata was considered the only causal agent of powdery mildew on hazelnut in most countries, including Romania (Brown 1995). Compared to P. guttata, which generally develops a mycelium on the underside of leaves, E. corylacearum grows with a white mycelium on the upper side of the leaves. Recently, E. corylacearum on C. avellana was reported also in Ukraine (Heluta et al. 2019), from which it could have moved to Romania. Crop protection strategies for hazelnut should be revised according to the new pathogen occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosati
- University of Turin, 9314, DISAFA - Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Grugliasco, Piemonte, Italy;
| | - Marian Bogoescu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisesti, 105150, Bucarest, Romania;
| | - Davide Spadaro
- University of Torino, DISAFA - Dept. Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, TO, Italy, 10095
- University of Torino, AGROINNOVA, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, TO, Italy, 10095;
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21
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Yeh YW, Chou PY, Hou HY, Kirschner R. First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:1. [PMID: 33409703 PMCID: PMC7788129 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification. RESULTS Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves. CONCLUSIONS Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yeh
- School of Forestry & Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Hou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Roland Kirschner
- School of Forestry & Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Boonmee S, Wanasinghe DN, Calabon MS, Huanraluek N, Chandrasiri SKU, Jones GEB, Rossi W, Leonardi M, Singh SK, Rana S, Singh PN, Maurya DK, Lagashetti AC, Choudhary D, Dai YC, Zhao CL, Mu YH, Yuan HS, He SH, Phookamsak R, Jiang HB, Martín MP, Dueñas M, Telleria MT, Kałucka IL, Jagodziński AM, Liimatainen K, Pereira DS, Phillips AJL, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Khuna S, Lumyong S, Potter TB, Shivas RG, Sparks AH, Vaghefi N, Abdel-Wahab MA, Abdel-Aziz FA, Li GJ, Lin WF, Singh U, Bhatt RP, Lee HB, Nguyen TTT, Kirk PM, Dutta AK, Acharya K, Sarma VV, Niranjan M, Rajeshkumar KC, Ashtekar N, Lad S, Wijayawardene NN, Bhat DJ, Xu RJ, Wijesinghe SN, Shen HW, Luo ZL, Zhang JY, Sysouphanthong P, Thongklang N, Bao DF, Aluthmuhandiram JVS, Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Dovana F, Usman M, Khalid AN, Dissanayake AJ, Telagathoti A, Probst M, Peintner U, Garrido-Benavent I, Bóna L, Merényi Z, Boros L, Zoltán B, Stielow JB, Jiang N, Tian CM, Shams E, Dehghanizadeh F, Pordel A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Denchev TT, Denchev CM, Kemler M, Begerow D, Deng CY, Harrower E, Bozorov T, Kholmuradova T, Gafforov Y, Abdurazakov A, Xu JC, Mortimer PE, Ren GC, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Phukhamsakda C, Mapook A, Hyde KD. Fungal diversity notes 1387-1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021; 111:1-335. [PMID: 34899100 PMCID: PMC8648402 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is the 13th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 125 taxa from four phyla, ten classes, 31 orders, 69 families, 92 genera and three genera incertae sedis are treated, demonstrating worldwide and geographic distribution. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include three new genera, 69 new species, one new combination, one reference specimen and 51 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions. Three new genera, Cylindrotorula (Torulaceae), Scolecoleotia (Leotiales genus incertae sedis) and Xenovaginatispora (Lindomycetaceae) are introduced based on distinct phylogenetic lineages and unique morphologies. Newly described species are Aspergillus lannaensis, Cercophora dulciaquae, Cladophialophora aquatica, Coprinellus punjabensis, Cortinarius alutarius, C. mammillatus, C. quercoflocculosus, Coryneum fagi, Cruentomycena uttarakhandina, Cryptocoryneum rosae, Cyathus uniperidiolus, Cylindrotorula indica, Diaporthe chamaeropicola, Didymella azollae, Diplodia alanphillipsii, Dothiora coronicola, Efibula rodriguezarmasiae, Erysiphe salicicola, Fusarium queenslandicum, Geastrum gorgonicum, G. hansagiense, Helicosporium sexualis, Helminthosporium chiangraiensis, Hongkongmyces kokensis, Hydrophilomyces hydraenae, Hygrocybe boertmannii, Hyphoderma australosetigerum, Hyphodontia yunnanensis, Khaleijomyces umikazeana, Laboulbenia divisa, Laboulbenia triarthronis, Laccaria populina, Lactarius pallidozonarius, Lepidosphaeria strobelii, Longipedicellata megafusiformis, Lophiotrema lincangensis, Marasmius benghalensis, M. jinfoshanensis, M. subtropicus, Mariannaea camelliae, Melanographium smilaxii, Microbotryum polycnemoides, Mimeomyces digitatus, Minutisphaera thailandensis, Mortierella solitaria, Mucor harpali, Nigrograna jinghongensis, Odontia huanrenensis, O. parvispina, Paraconiothyrium ajrekarii, Parafuscosporella niloticus, Phaeocytostroma yomensis, Phaeoisaria synnematicus, Phanerochaete hainanensis, Pleopunctum thailandicum, Pleurotheciella dimorphospora, Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense, Pseudodactylaria albicolonia, Rhexoacrodictys nigrospora, Russula paravioleipes, Scolecoleotia eriocamporesi, Seriascoma honghense, Synandromyces makranczyi, Thyridaria aureobrunnea, Torula lancangjiangensis, Tubeufia longihelicospora, Wicklowia fusiformispora, Xenovaginatispora phichaiensis and Xylaria apiospora. One new combination, Pseudobactrodesmium stilboideus is proposed. A reference specimen of Comoclathris permunda is designated. New host or distribution records are provided for Acrocalymma fici, Aliquandostipite khaoyaiensis, Camarosporidiella laburni, Canalisporium caribense, Chaetoscutula juniperi, Chlorophyllum demangei, C. globosum, C. hortense, Cladophialophora abundans, Dendryphion hydei, Diaporthe foeniculina, D. pseudophoenicicola, D. pyracanthae, Dictyosporium pandanicola, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Ernakulamia tanakae, Eutypa flavovirens, E. lata, Favolus septatus, Fusarium atrovinosum, F. clavum, Helicosporium luteosporum, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hermatomyces sphaericoides, Longipedicellata aquatica, Lophiostoma caudata, L. clematidis-vitalbae, Lophiotrema hydei, L. neoarundinaria, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Megacapitula villosa, Micropsalliota globocystis, M. gracilis, Montagnula thailandica, Neohelicosporium irregulare, N. parisporum, Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum, Phaeoisaria aquatica, Poaceascoma taiwanense, Saproamanita manicata, Spegazzinia camelliae, Submersispora variabilis, Thyronectria caudata, T. mackenziei, Tubeufia chiangmaiensis, T. roseohelicospora, Vaginatispora nypae, Wicklowia submersa, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xylaria haemorrhoidalis. The data presented herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens, coupled with analysis of phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark S. Calabon
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Naruemon Huanraluek
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Sajini K. U. Chandrasiri
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Gareth E. B. Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Walter Rossi
- Section Environmental Sciences, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Section Environmental Sciences, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, AQ Italy
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Shiwali Rana
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Paras N. Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Deepak K. Maurya
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Ajay C. Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Deepika Choudhary
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhao
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Sheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Hui He
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rungtiwa Phookamsak
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - María P. Martín
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Dueñas
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Telleria
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Izabela L. Kałucka
- Department of Algology and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Kare Liimatainen
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS Surrey UK
| | - Diana S. Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, 10300 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tarynn B. Potter
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Roger G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Adam H. Sparks
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Bentley Delivery Centre, Locked Bag 4, Bentley, WA 6983 Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524 Egypt
| | - Faten A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524 Egypt
| | - Guo-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, No 2596 South Lekai Rd, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Wen-Fei Lin
- Institute of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Xihu District, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Upendra Singh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand 246174 Srinagar, Garhwal, India
| | - Rajendra P. Bhatt
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Uttarakhand 246174 Srinagar, Garhwal, India
| | - Hyang Burm Lee
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Environmental Microbiology Lab, Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Paul M. Kirk
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS Surrey UK
| | - Arun Kumar Dutta
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, North-24-Parganas, Barasat, West Bengal PIN- 700126 India
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - V. Venkateswara Sarma
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - M. Niranjan
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014 India
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Doimukh, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh 791112 India
| | - Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Nikhil Ashtekar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Sneha Lad
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411 004 India
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Darbe J. Bhat
- Azad Housing Society, No. 128/1-J, Goa Velha, Curca, Goa India
| | - Rong-Ju Xu
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Subodini N. Wijesinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Hong-Wei Shen
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Phongeun Sysouphanthong
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box: 811, Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Dan-Feng Bao
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jafar Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Javadi
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 1454, 19395 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir Khalid
- Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Asha J. Dissanayake
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anusha Telagathoti
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maraike Probst
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isaac Garrido-Benavent
- Department of Botany and Geology (Fac. CC. Biológicas) & Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva (ICBIBE), Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Lilla Bóna
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Merényi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | | | - Bratek Zoltán
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - J. Benjamin Stielow
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Diagnostics, Specialty Diagnostics Group, Landsmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 People’s Republic of China
| | - Esmaeil Shams
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghanizadeh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Adel Pordel
- Plant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Teodor T. Denchev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cvetomir M. Denchev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Kemler
- Evolution der Pflanzen und Pilze, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ND 03, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Evolution der Pflanzen und Pilze, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ND 03, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Chun-Ying Deng
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Road No. 1, Yunyan district, 550001 Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Tohir Bozorov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Yukori-Yuz, Kubray Ds, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 111226
| | - Tutigul Kholmuradova
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
| | - Aziz Abdurazakov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 100125
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Andijan State University, 12 University Street, Andijan, Uzbekistan 170100
| | - Jian-Chu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe County, Kunming, 654400 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Cong Ren
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chayanard Phukhamsakda
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510225 People’s Republic of China
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Yin C, Zhang S, Liu L, Liu X, Zhang Y. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe berberidis on Berberis fortunei in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 105:222. [PMID: 32748723 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1300-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Berberis fortune (Lindl.) is commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine (Liu et al. 2020). In April 2020, white powdery colonies covering up to 100% of both upper leaf surfaces and calyces were observed on this species growing on Anhui Agricultural University campus (31°51'51″N; 117°15'31″E) in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. Sporulating mycelia were white and effuse. Conidiophores were erect, with straight, cylindrical foot cells, 20 to 26 × 9 to 12 μm (average: 24 × 11 µm) (n = 30), followed by one to three shorter cells, and producing conidia in chains. Conidia were ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical, and measured 27 to 36 × 12 to 16.5 µm (average: 32.4 × 14.1 µm) (n = 50). For accurate identification, DNA was extracted from the mycelia, which were collected by scraping symptomatic leaves. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1/ITS4. The 623-bp ITS (GenBank accession no. MT449013) showed 99% identity with those of Erysiphe berberidis LC010057 (Takamatsu et al. 2015), KY661153 and KY660920. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the powdery mildew fungus on B. fortunei was identified as E. berberidis (Glawe, D. A. 2003). Ten leaves on an asymptomatic B. fortunei were inoculated by gently pressing diseased leaves against the surface of healthy leaves. Ten non-inoculated plants served as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 22 to 25°C and >80% relative humidity. Inoculated plants developed powdery mildew colonies after 14 days, whereas uninoculated plants remained healthy. Morphological and molecular characters of the powdery mildew fungus on artificially inoculated plants were identical to those on naturally infected B. fortune. Previously in Siberia, Russia, powdery mildew on woody plants has been reported to be caused by E. berberidis (Tomoshevich M. A. 2019). However, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by E. berberidis on B. fortunei in China. Its identification will establish a foundation for controlling the disease in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei, China, 230036;
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He Q, Li Q, Bai L, Man L, Zhao W, Luo X, Bao S. Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe sedi on Crassula capitella in China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:3250. [PMID: 32706322 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1334-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crassula capitella Thunb. is a succulent used ornamentally in gardens and landscapes. In August 2019, severe powdery mildew infection was observed on C. capitella in a plant nursery, 1000m2 in area, in Xining (36°42'44.39" N, 101°44'50.50″E, alt. 2330 m), China. Approximately 35% of the leaves on a plant were symptomatic, and 80% of the plants were affected. The disease seriously reduced the ornamental value. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of Plant Pathology at Qinghai University under accession no. QHU2019150. The pathogen formed superficial mycelia on leaves and stems producing conspicuous white colonies followed by necrosis of the leaf tissues and defoliation. Mycelia were amphigenous, white, effuse or in patches, persistent with lobed appressoria. The pathogen produced conidia singly on 2- to 3-celled conidiophores occurring on the ectophytic hyphae. Conidia were subcylindrical, measured 22 to 41 × 10 to 16 (n = 50) µm, and were produced singly on the tip of conidiophores. Conidiophores were erect and up to 110 µm long, foot-cells straight, cylindrical and 22 to 53 × 8 to 10 (n = 50) µm, followed by one to three shorter cells. Chasmothecia were not found. The fungus was identified as Erysiphe sedi based on morphology (Braun and Cook 2012). To confirm the identification, the ITS region was amplified. The ITS5/P3 and PM5/ITS4 primers were used to amplify the ITS region by nested PCR, and the cloned fragments were sequenced (Takamatsu and Kano 2001). The aligned ITS region sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession no. MT178769). A BLAST search analysis of the two sequences revealed 99.84% identity with E. sedi infecting Sedum aizoon in Russia (LC010045). A phylogenetic tree was constructed in MEGA6 with 15 ITS sequences using the neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model. The sequence retrieved from powdery mildew on Crassula capitella in China clustered together with the sequences obtained from E. sedi on Sedum spp. with nearly 100 % concordance, placing it in the Erysiphe aquilegiae complex as defined by Takamatsu et al. (2015) and recently critically discussed by Shin et al. (2019). This complex comprises numerous Erysiphe spp. insufficiently resolved, especially when based only on ITS data. However, for the time being we follow Götz et al. (2019) and recognize E. sedi as a species of its own and identify the Chinese collection on Crassula capitella as E. sedi because of the morphological agreement and concordant ITS data. Pathogenicity tests were completed by gently pressing infected leaves onto five healthy leaves of C. capitella, Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were maintained separately in different rooms of a greenhouse at 22 to 25°C. Inoculated plants developed signs and symptoms after 12 days, whereas control plants remained symptomless. The morphology of the fungus on inoculated leaves was identical to that originally observed on diseased plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe sedi on C. capitella in China and worldwide, although E. sedi is reported to infect many Crassulaceous or Crassulaceae hosts (Cho et al. 2012, Götz et al. 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinen He
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China;
| | - Qiangfeng Li
- Qinghai University, 207475, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Xining, Qinghai, China;
| | - Luchao Bai
- Qinghai University, 207475, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ning road NO. 251, Xining, Qinghai, China, 810016;
| | - Liting Man
- Xining Forest Research Institute, Xining, China;
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Xining Forest Research Institute, Xining, China;
| | - Xupeng Luo
- Xining Forest Research Institute, Xining, China;
| | - Shancun Bao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China;
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Kiss L, Vaghefi N, Bransgrove K, Dearnaley JDW, Takamatsu S, Tan YP, Marston C, Liu SY, Jin DN, Adorada DL, Bailey J, Cabrera de Álvarez MG, Daly A, Dirchwolf PM, Jones L, Nguyen TD, Edwards J, Ho W, Kelly L, Mintoff SJL, Morrison J, Németh MZ, Perkins S, Shivas RG, Smith R, Stuart K, Southwell R, Turaganivalu U, Váczy KZ, Blommestein AV, Wright D, Young A, Braun U. Australia: A Continent Without Native Powdery Mildews? The First Comprehensive Catalog Indicates Recent Introductions and Multiple Host Range Expansion Events, and Leads to the Re-discovery of Salmonomyces as a New Lineage of the Erysiphales. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1571. [PMID: 32765452 PMCID: PMC7378747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to Eurasia and North America, powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are understudied in Australia. There are over 900 species known globally, with fewer than currently 60 recorded from Australia. Some of the Australian records are doubtful as the identifications were presumptive, being based on host plant-pathogen lists from overseas. The goal of this study was to provide the first comprehensive catalog of all powdery mildew species present in Australia. The project resulted in (i) an up-to-date list of all the taxa that have been identified in Australia based on published DNA barcode sequences prior to this study; (ii) the precise identification of 117 specimens freshly collected from across the country; and (iii) the precise identification of 30 herbarium specimens collected between 1975 and 2013. This study confirmed 42 species representing 10 genera, including two genera and 13 species recorded for the first time in Australia. In Eurasia and North America, the number of powdery mildew species is much higher. Phylogenetic analyses of powdery mildews collected from Acalypha spp. resulted in the transfer of Erysiphe acalyphae to Salmonomyces, a resurrected genus. Salmonomyces acalyphae comb. nov. represents a newly discovered lineage of the Erysiphales. Another taxonomic change is the transfer of Oidium ixodiae to Golovinomyces. Powdery mildew infections have been confirmed on 13 native Australian plant species in the genera Acacia, Acalypha, Cephalotus, Convolvulus, Eucalyptus, Hardenbergia, Ixodia, Jagera, Senecio, and Trema. Most of the causal agents were polyphagous species that infect many other host plants both overseas and in Australia. All powdery mildews infecting native plants in Australia were phylogenetically closely related to species known overseas. The data indicate that Australia is a continent without native powdery mildews, and most, if not all, species have been introduced since the European colonization of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaylene Bransgrove
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. W. Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yu Pei Tan
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Craig Marston
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan-Ni Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dante L. Adorada
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordan Bailey
- Plant Pathology & Mycology Herbarium, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Daly
- Plant Health Diagnostic Service, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela Maia Dirchwolf
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lynne Jones
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wellcome Ho
- New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Kelly
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharl J. L. Mintoff
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jennifer Morrison
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Márk Z. Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandy Perkins
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Reannon Smith
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kara Stuart
- Ecosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronald Southwell
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kálmán Zoltán Váczy
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Annie Van Blommestein
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dominie Wright
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Young
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Uwe Braun
- Herbarium, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042-1111. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2020; 44:301-459. [PMID: 33116344 PMCID: PMC7567971 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii.Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis.Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica.Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens.Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias.India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii.Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects’ frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.) from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa.Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae.UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis.USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.) from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
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An easy and robust method for isolation and validation of single-nucleotide polymorphic markers from a first Erysiphe alphitoides draft genome. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Wang S, Liu S, Feng J, Shin HD, Choi YJ, Takamatsu S, Bulgakov TS, Tobin PC. Phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on Viburnum species. Mycologia 2020; 112:616-632. [PMID: 32374657 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1739508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on Viburnum species is evaluated and discussed. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed two new species and demonstrated that Erysiphe hedwigii and E. viburni should be reduced to synonymy and are referred to herein as E. viburni. The two new species, E. viburniphila and E. pseudoviburni, previously hidden under E. viburni (including E. hedwigii), is described on the basis of European, North American, and East Asian powdery mildew collections on Viburnum edule, V. tinus, V. odoratissimum var. awabuki, and V. sieboldii. The sexual morph of E. viburniphila is similar to that of E. viburni; however, morphological differences exist in their asexual morphs. Analyses of sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S genomic regions of Erysiphe species obtained on Viburnum species (and other closely allied Eryisphe species) throughout the world reveled that E. viburniphila and E. pseudoviburni are in two different monophyletic groups that are separate from all other Erysiphe species. Erysiphe hedwigii and E. viburni on Viburnum species have often been recognized as separate species based on morphological differences in the size of their chasmothecia and the number of chasmothecial appendages. Taxonomic conclusions based on these morphological distinctions within these species are unreliable (these characters are rather variable and often have overlapping ranges). The present phylogenetic analyses suggest that E. hedwigii has to be reduced to synonymy with E. viburni. To fix the application of the species names E. hedwigii and E. viburni, epitypes have been designated for these taxa with ex-epitype sequences. Additionally, the Asian species E. miranda is phylogenetically confirmed as a species of its own, described in detail and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradshaw
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 9819
| | - Uwe Braun
- Herbarium, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Institut für Biologie , Martin-Luther-Universität, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Serena Wang
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 9819
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyeon-Dong Shin
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- Department of Biology, Kunsan National University , Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, Mie University , 1577 Kurima-Machiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Timur S Bulgakov
- Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops , 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia
| | - Patrick C Tobin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 9819
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Hyde KD, Dong Y, Phookamsak R, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, Jones EBG, Liu NG, Abeywickrama PD, Mapook A, Wei D, Perera RH, Manawasinghe IS, Pem D, Bundhun D, Karunarathna A, Ekanayaka AH, Bao DF, Li J, Samarakoon MC, Chaiwan N, Lin CG, Phutthacharoen K, Zhang SN, Senanayake IC, Goonasekara ID, Thambugala KM, Phukhamsakda C, Tennakoon DS, Jiang HB, Yang J, Zeng M, Huanraluek N, Liu JK(J, Wijesinghe SN, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Brahmanage RS, Boonmee S, Huang SK, Thiyagaraja V, Lu YZ, Jayawardena RS, Dong W, Yang EF, Singh SK, Singh SM, Rana S, Lad SS, Anand G, Devadatha B, Niranjan M, Sarma VV, Liimatainen K, Aguirre-Hudson B, Niskanen T, Overall A, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Pfliegler WP, Horváth E, Imre A, Alves AL, da Silva Santos AC, Tiago PV, Bulgakov TS, Wanasinghe DN, Bahkali AH, Doilom M, Elgorban AM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rajeshkumar KC, Haelewaters D, Mortimer PE, Zhao Q, Lumyong S, Xu J, Sheng J. Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.
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Qiu P, Tang S, Guan G, Li Y, Takamatsu S, Liu S. Revisiting a poorly known powdery mildew species: Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Erysiphe longissima. MYCOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Qiu PL, Braun U, Li Y, Liu SY. Erysiphedeutziicola sp. nov. (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota), a powdery mildew species found on Deutziaparviflora (Hydrangeaceae) with unusual appendages. MycoKeys 2019; 51:97-106. [PMID: 31139005 PMCID: PMC6520331 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.51.34956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A powdery mildew (Erysiphales) has recently been collected on leaves of an ornamental shrub Deutziaparviflora in Baihua Mountain, Beijing, China. Microscopic examination of the chasmothecia suggested a species belonging to Erysiphesect.Erysiphe, above all due to mycelioid chasmothecial appendages, although circinate apices of the appendages were rather in favour of Erysiphesect.Uncinula, which is a fairly rare combination of appendage characteristics in Erysiphe. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA sequences demonstrated that the two examined powdery mildew collections on D.parviflora clustered together as an independent lineage within Erysiphe with 100% bootstrap support, representing a species of its own, which is phylogenetically allied to, but clearly distinct from Erysiphedeutziae and, in addition, morphologically quite different from all known Erysiphe species on hosts belonging to the Hydrangeaceae. The new species on D.parviflora is described as Erysiphedeutziicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Lei Qiu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yu Li
- Jilin Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China.,Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun130118, Jilin Province, China
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Wadl PA, Mack BM, Beltz SB, Moore GG, Baird RE, Rinehart TA, Molnar TJ, Staton ME, Hadziabdic D, Trigiano RN. Development of Genomic Resources for the Powdery Mildew, Erysiphe pulchra. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:804-807. [PMID: 30864941 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0719-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildews (PMs) are important plant pathogens causing widespread damage. Here, we report the first draft genome of Erysiphe pulchra, the causative agent of PM of flowering dogwood, Cornus florida. The assembled genome was 63.5 Mbp and resulted in formation of 19,442 contigs (N50 = 11,686 bp) that contained an estimated 6,860 genes with a genome coverage of 62×. We found 102 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) in E. pulchra similar to E. necator genes that are potentially involved in disease development. This draft genome is an initial step for understanding the evolutionary history of the PMs and will also provide insight into evolutionary strategies that led to the wide host expansion and environmental adaptations so effectively employed by the PM lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wadl
- 1 USDA-ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Brian M Mack
- 2 USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124
| | - Shannon B Beltz
- 2 USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124
| | - Geromy G Moore
- 2 USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124
| | - Richard E Baird
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | | | - Thomas J Molnar
- 5 Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; and
| | - Margaret E Staton
- 6 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Denita Hadziabdic
- 6 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Robert N Trigiano
- 6 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
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Takamatsu S, Katsuyama S, Shinoda T. First record of Erysiphe quercicola (Ascomycota: Erysiphales) on species of Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis (evergreen oaks, Fagaceae). MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abasova LV, Aghayeva DN, Takamatsu S. Erysiphe azerbaijanica and E. linderae : Two new powdery mildew species (Erysiphales) belonging to the Microsphaera lineage of Erysiphe. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meeboon J, Takamatsu S. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Erysiphe pulchra (Erysiphales) and E. cornicola nom. nov. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meeboon J, Takamatsu S. First found of Erysiphe elevata on Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Phyllactinia lagerstroemiae sp. nov. on Lagerstroemia from Thailand. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Desprez-Loustau ML, Massot M, Feau N, Fort T, de Vicente A, Torés JA, Ortuño DF. Further Support of Conspecificity of Oak and Mango Powdery Mildew and First Report of Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe alphitoides on Mango in Mainland Europe. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1086-1093. [PMID: 30682963 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-17-0116-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mango leaves and inflorescences infected by powdery mildew in southern Spain were analyzed using multigene sequencing (ITS + 4 single-copy coding genes) to identify the causal agent. Erysiphe quercicola was detected in 97% out of 140 samples, collected in six different orchards in the Malaga region. Among these, a small proportion also yielded E. alphitoides (8% of all samples) and E. alphitoides was found alone in 3% of samples. A phylogenetic approach was completed by cross inoculations between oak and mango, which led to typical symptoms, supporting the conspecificity of oak and mango powdery mildews. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. quercicola and E. alphitoides causing powdery mildew on mango trees in mainland Spain, and thus mainland Europe, based on unequivocal phylogenetic and biological evidence. Our study thus confirmed the broad host range of both E. quercicola and E. alphitoides. These results have practical implications in terms of the demonstrated ability for host range expansion in powdery mildews. They also open interesting prospects to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the ability to infect single versus multiple and unrelated host plants since these two closely related powdery mildew species belong to a small clade with both generalist and specialist powdery mildews.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Massot
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO, INRA, Univ Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - Nicolas Feau
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, British Columbia, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tania Fort
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO, INRA, Univ Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Torés
- Instituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Fernández Ortuño
- Instituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071, Málaga, Spain; and Instituto de Horticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
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Marçais B, Piou D, Dezette D, Desprez-Loustau ML. Can Oak Powdery Mildew Severity be Explained by Indirect Effects of Climate on the Composition of the Erysiphe Pathogenic Complex? PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:570-579. [PMID: 28026998 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-16-0268-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coinfection by several pathogens is increasingly recognized as an important feature in the epidemiology and evolution of plant fungal pathogens. Oak mildew is induced by two closely related Erysiphe invasive species (Erysiphe alphitoides and E. quercicola) which differ in their mode of overwintering. We investigated how climate influences the co-occurrence of the two species in oak young stands and whether this is important for the disease epidemiology. We studied the frequency of flag-shoots (i.e., shoots developing from infected buds, usually associated with E. quercicola) in 95 oak regenerations over a 6-year period. Additionally, in 2012 and 2013, the oak mildew severity and the two Erysiphe spp. relative frequencies were determined in both spring and autumn in 51 regenerations and 43 1-year-old plantations of oaks. Both the frequency of flag-shoots and the proportion of Erysiphe lesions with E. quercicola presence were related to climate. We showed that survival of E. quercicola was improved after mild winters, with increase of both the flag-shoot frequency and the proportion of Erysiphe lesions with E. quercicola presence in spring. However, disease severity was not related to any complementarity effect between the two Erysiphe spp. causing oak powdery mildew. By contrast, increased E. alphitoides prevalence in spring was associated with higher oak mildew severity in autumn. Our results point out the critical role of between-season transmission and primary inoculum to explain disease dynamics which could be significant in a climate-warming context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Marçais
- First author: UMR1136 IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; second author: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agro-alimentaire et de la forêt DGAL-SDQPV, Département de la Santé des Forêts, 251 rue de Vaugirard, 75732, Paris cedex 15, France; and second, third, and fourth authors: UMR1202 BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Dominique Piou
- First author: UMR1136 IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; second author: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agro-alimentaire et de la forêt DGAL-SDQPV, Département de la Santé des Forêts, 251 rue de Vaugirard, 75732, Paris cedex 15, France; and second, third, and fourth authors: UMR1202 BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Damien Dezette
- First author: UMR1136 IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; second author: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agro-alimentaire et de la forêt DGAL-SDQPV, Département de la Santé des Forêts, 251 rue de Vaugirard, 75732, Paris cedex 15, France; and second, third, and fourth authors: UMR1202 BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau
- First author: UMR1136 IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; second author: Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agro-alimentaire et de la forêt DGAL-SDQPV, Département de la Santé des Forêts, 251 rue de Vaugirard, 75732, Paris cedex 15, France; and second, third, and fourth authors: UMR1202 BIOGECO, INRA, University of Bordeaux, F-33610 Cestas, France
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Xiong G, Qiu P, Li C, Chen Z, Islam SU, Fang S, Wu Z, Zhang S, Du Z. A new putative alphapartitivirus recovered from the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe palczewskii. Virus Genes 2017; 53:491-494. [PMID: 28243842 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) likely representing the genome of a novel alphapartitivirus which we provisionally named Erysiphe palczewskii alphapartitivirus 1 (EpV1) were recovered from the powdery mildew fungus E. palczewskii infecting Sophora japonica in Jingzhou, Hubei province of China. The two dsRNAs, 1955 (dsRNA1) and 1917 (dsRNA2) bp in size, respectively, each contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 585- and 528-aa protein, respectively. The 585-aa protein contains a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain and shows significant homology to RdRps of approved or putative partitiviruses, particularly those belonging to the genus Alphapartitivirus. However, it shares an aa sequence identity lower than 80% with its closest relative, the RdRp of the putative alphapartitivirus Grapevine partitivirus, and lower than 60% with the RdRps of other partitiviruses. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with RdRp aa sequences of selected partitiviruses, the putative virus EpV1 clustered with Grapevine partitivirus and formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with known or putative alphapartitiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Cong Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Beenken L. First records of the powdery mildews Erysiphe platani and E. alphitoides on Ailanthus altissima reveal host jumps independent of host phylogeny. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hamelin FM, Bisson A, Desprez‐Loustau M, Fabre F, Mailleret L. Temporal niche differentiation of parasites sharing the same plant host: oak powdery mildew as a case study. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M. Hamelin
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAUniversité de Rennes 1Université Bretagne‐Loire 65 rue de Saint Brieuc 35000 Rennes France
| | - Anne Bisson
- INRAUMR 0729 MISTEA 2 Place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier France
- INRAUMR 1222 Eco&Sols 2 Place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier France
| | | | - Frédéric Fabre
- INRAUMR 1065 SAVE 71, Avenue Edouard Bourlaux 33882 Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Ludovic Mailleret
- Université Côte d'AzurINRA, CNRS, ISA 400 route des chappes Sophia Antipolis France
- Université Côte d'AzurInria, INRA, CNRSUPMC Univ Paris 06 2004 route des lucioles Sophia Antipolis France
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Bauhinia purpurea, Durio zibethinus, and Nephelium lappaceum: Additional hosts of the asexual morph of Erysiphe quercicola. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kondo H, Hisano S, Chiba S, Maruyama K, Andika IB, Toyoda K, Fujimori F, Suzuki N. Reprint of "Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi". Virus Res 2016; 219:39-50. [PMID: 27208846 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field-collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (<44%) and with other known totiviruses (<59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a -1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct clade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Sakae Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Maruyama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Education, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Takamatsu S, Siahaan SAS, Moreno-Rico O, Cabrera de Álvarez MG, Braun U. Early evolution of endoparasitic group in powdery mildews: molecular phylogeny suggests missing link between Phyllactinia and Leveillula. Mycologia 2016; 108:837-850. [PMID: 27302046 DOI: 10.3852/16-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Of the 17 genera of the Erysiphaceae, only four genera (viz. Leveillula, Phyllactinia, Pleochaeta and Queirozia) exhibit (partly) endoparasitism. To investigate early evolution of this endoparasitic nature, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of powdery mildews belonging to the tribe Phyllactinieae collected in North and South America. The most ancestral taxa in the tribe Phyllactinieae belong to the Pleochaeta/Queirozia group, from which the genus Phyllactinia was derived. Finally, the truly endoparasitic genus Leveillula emerged from a part of Phyllactinia The present study showed clear evolutional polarity in the powdery mildews concerned (that is, partly endoparasitic group evolved from ectoparasitic group) and then a truly endoparasitic group emerged from a partly endoparasitic group. In addition, a group with distinctly dimorphic conidia proved to be basal in the Phyllactinieae, and a group without distinctly dimorphic conidia was derived from that group. The present analyses clearly showed that Leveillula derived from a part of the "Basal Phyllactinia group". However, all sister taxa to Leveillula were distributed in North and South America. Because the putative geographic origin of Leveillula is assumed to be Central and Western Asia or the Mediterranean region, we postulate a missing link during the evolution of Leveillula from Phyllactinia Based on the present phylogenetic studies and the new rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (McNeill et al. 2012), the following new species and taxonomic re-allocations are proposed: Phyllactinia bougainvilleae sp. nov., Ph. caricae comb. nov., Ph. caricicola comb. nov., Ph. durantae comb. nov., Ph. leveilluloides sp. nov., Ph. obclavata comb. nov., and Ph. papayae comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takamatsu
- Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, 514-8507 Japan
| | - Siska A S Siahaan
- Department of Bioresources, Graduate School, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, 514-8507 Japan
| | - Onésimo Moreno-Rico
- Autonomous University of Aquascalientes, Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Av. Universidad No. 940, Colonia Cd. Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | | | - Uwe Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Pastirčáková K, Jankovics T, Komáromi J, Pintye A, Pastirčák M. Genetic diversity and host range of powdery mildews on Papaveraceae. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Erysiphe baliensis and E. sidae, two new species of anamorphic Erysiphe (powdery mildew) from Indonesia. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kondo H, Hisano S, Chiba S, Maruyama K, Andika IB, Toyoda K, Fujimori F, Suzuki N. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi. Virus Res 2015; 213:353-364. [PMID: 26592174 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field-collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (<44%) and with other known totiviruses (<59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a -1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct clade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Sakae Hisano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Maruyama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujimori
- Department of Environmental Education, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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