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De Maio FA, Winter M, Abate S, Birochio D, Iglesias NG, Barrio DA, Bellusci CP. Torque teno sus virus k2a (TTSuVk2a) in wild boars from northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:981-989. [PMID: 38286944 PMCID: PMC10920574 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Torque teno sus virus k2a (TTSuVk2a) is a member of the family Anelloviridae that can establish persistent infections in both domestic pigs and wild boars. Its association with diseases has not been precisely elucidated, and it is often considered only as a commensal virus. This infectious agent has been reported in herds throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the detection rate and diversity of TTSuVk2a in free-living wild boars from northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Total DNA was extracted from tonsil samples of 50 animals, nested PCR assays were carried out, and infection was verified in 60% of the cases. Sequence analysis of the viral non-coding region revealed distinct phylogenetic groups. These clusters showed contrasting patterns of spatial distribution, which presented statistically significant differences when evaluating spatial aggregation. In turn, the sequences were compared with those available in the database to find that the clusters were distinguished by having similarity with TTSuVk2a variants of different geographic origin. The results suggested that Patagonian wild boar populations are bearers of diverse viral strains of Asian, European, and South American provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Andrés De Maio
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Winter
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Abate
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Diego Birochio
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Néstor Gabriel Iglesias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham (UNAHUR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alejandro Barrio
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Bellusci
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta Provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina.
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Kuczaj A, Przybyłowski P, Hrapkowicz T. Torque Teno Virus (TTV)-A Potential Marker of Immunocompetence in Solid Organ Recipients. Viruses 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 38275952 PMCID: PMC10818937 DOI: 10.3390/v16010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Torque Teno Virus (TTV), first discovered in 1997, is a non-pathogenic, highly prevalent virus with a notable presence in the human virome. TTV has garnered attention as a potential indicator of immunocompetence in recipients of solid organ transplants. In this review, we discuss the role of TTV as a potential marker for immunosuppression optimization, prediction of graft rejection, and as an indicator of opportunistic infections. We discuss TTV's behavior over the course of time after transplantation, TTV's implications in different immunosuppressive regimens, and potential utility in vaccinations. The review synthetizes findings from various studies depicting its potential clinical utility for future personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kuczaj
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (P.P.); (T.H.)
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (P.P.); (T.H.)
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hrapkowicz
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (P.P.); (T.H.)
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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3
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Burrai GP, Hawko S, Dei Giudici S, Polinas M, Angioi PP, Mura L, Alberti A, Hosri C, Hassoun G, Oggiano A, Antuofermo E. The Synergic Role of Emerging and Endemic Swine Virus in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex: Pathological and Biomolecular Analysis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:595. [PMID: 37888547 PMCID: PMC10611356 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) represents a significant threat to the swine industry, causing economic losses in pigs worldwide. Recently, beyond the endemic viruses PRRSV and PCV2, emerging viruses such as TTSuV, PCV3, and PPV2, have been associated with PRDC, but their role remains unclear. This study investigates the presence of PCV2 and PRRSV and emerging viruses (PCV3, TTSuV, and PPV2) in the lungs of swine belonging to different age groups by histopathology and real-time PCR. The prevalent lung lesion was interstitial pneumonia with increased severity in post-weaning pigs. PRRSV was detected in 33% of piglets' lungs and in 20% of adults and post-weaning pigs with high Ct, while PCV2 was found in 100% of adult pigs, 33% of post-weaning pigs, and 22% of piglets, with low Ct in post-weaning pigs. PCV3 was present in all categories and coexisted with other viruses. TTSuV was detected in all swine in combination with other viruses, possibly influencing the disease dynamics, while PPV2 was detected in 100% of adults' and 90% of piglets' lungs. The detection of TTSuV, PCV3, and PPV2 in affected pigs prioritizes the need for comprehensive approaches in implementing appropriate control measures and minimizing economic losses associated with PRDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Salwa Hawko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Lorena Mura
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Chadi Hosri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1487, Lebanon; (C.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Georges Hassoun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1487, Lebanon; (C.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (L.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (S.H.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
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Discovery and comparative genomic analysis of a novel equine anellovirus, representing the first complete Mutorquevirus genome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3703. [PMID: 36878942 PMCID: PMC9988894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of a novel torque teno virus species (Torque teno equus virus 2 (TTEqV2) isolate Alberta/2018) was obtained by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of nucleic acid extracted from the lung and liver tissue of a Quarter Horse gelding that died of nonsuppurative encephalitis in Alberta, Canada. The 2805 nucleotide circular genome is the first complete genome from the Mutorquevirus genus and has been approved as a new species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The genome contains several characteristic features of torque teno virus (TTV) genomes, including an ORF1 encoding a putative 631 aa capsid protein with an arginine-rich N-terminus, several rolling circle replication associated amino acid motifs, and a downstream polyadenylation signal. A smaller overlapping ORF2 encodes a protein with an amino acid motif (WX7HX3CXCX5H) which, in general, is highly conserved in TTVs and anelloviruses. The UTR contains two GC-rich tracts, two highly conserved 15 nucleotide sequences, and what appears to be an atypical TATA-box sequence also observed in two other TTV genera. Codon usage analysis of TTEqV2 and 11 other selected anelloviruses from five host species revealed a bias toward adenine ending (A3) codons in the anelloviruses, while in contrast, A3 codons were observed at a low frequency in horse and the four other associated host species examined. Phylogenetic analysis of TTV ORF1 sequences available to date shows TTEqV2 clusters with the only other currently reported member of the Mutorquevirus genus, Torque teno equus virus 1 (TTEqV1, KR902501). Genome-wide pairwise alignment of TTEqV2 and TTEqV1 shows the absence of several highly conserved TTV features within the UTR of TTEqV1, suggesting it is incomplete and TTEqV2 is the first complete genome within the genus Mutorquevirus.
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Genetic Analysis of Torque Teno Canis Virus Identified in Republic of Korea. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120693. [PMID: 36548854 PMCID: PMC9782174 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) is an approximately 2.8 kb circular single-stranded DNA virus known to cause infections in dogs. However, its incidence in Republic of Korea remains unknown. In this study, 135 dog fecal samples were collected to determine TTCaV infection status in Republic of Korea. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, 13 of 135 (9.6%) dogs tested positive for TTCaV. Three full-length genome sequences (GenBank IDs: MZ503910, MZ503911, and MZ503912) were obtained from the positive specimens. Phylogenetic tree construction and sequence identity, similarity plot, and recombination analyses were performed using these three full-length genomic sequences. Among the three full-length genomes, MZ503912 was determined to be a recombinant virus based on analysis with the reference TTCaV strains. This novel virus strain might have been generated by recombination between TTCaV strain KX827768 discovered in China and MZ503910 discovered in Republic of Korea. This is the first report to determine the incidence, genetic variation, and recombination of TTCaV in dogs in Republic of Korea. Further studies are needed to elucidate TTCaV pathogenesis in dogs.
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Virome Profiling of an Amur leopard cat Reveals Multiple Anelloviruses and a Bocaparvovirus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110640. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small top predator, Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is widely distributed in northeast Asia and plays an important role in the control of small rodent populations and in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium. However, the viruses harbored by this creature have been rarely investigated. Here, we report the DNA and RNA eukaryotic virome profiling of an injured Amur leopard cat followed by PCR validation, which revealed diverse anelloviruses in multiple organs and a bocaparvovirus in the lymph, but no RNA viruses. These anelloviruses have diverse genomic structures and are classified into four phylogroups with viruses of various felines, while the bocaparvovirus is extremely similar to those recovered from diarrheal domestic cats, illustrating the transmission of the virus between domestic animals and wildlife. These data provide the first insight into the genetic diversity of Amur leopard cat viruses, highlighting the need for further investigation of wild animals.
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Hawko S, Burrai GP, Polinas M, Angioi PP, Dei Giudici S, Oggiano A, Alberti A, Hosri C, Antuofermo E. A Review on Pathological and Diagnostic Aspects of Emerging Viruses—Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus and Linda Virus—In Swine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090495. [PMID: 36136710 PMCID: PMC9502770 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Worldwide demand for food is expected to increase due to population growth and swine accounts for more than one-third of meat produced worldwide. Several factors affect the success of livestock production systems, including animal disease control. Despite the importance of infectious diseases to animal health and the productivity of the global swine industry, pathogens of swine, in particular emerging viruses, such as Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus, and Linda virus, have gained limited interest. We performed a systematic analysis of the literature, with a focus on the main macroscopical and histological findings related to those viruses to fill the gap and highpoint these potentially hazardous pathogens. Abstract Swine production represents a significant component in agricultural economies as it occupies over 30% of global meat demand. Infectious diseases could constrain the swine health and productivity of the global swine industry. In particular, emerging swine viral diseases are omnipresent in swine populations, but the limited knowledge of the pathogenesis and the scarce information related to associated lesions restrict the development of data-based control strategies aimed to reduce the potentially great impact on the swine industry. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized the main pathological findings related to emerging viruses, such as Senecavirus A, Torque teno sus virus, and Linda virus, suggesting a call for further multidisciplinary studies aimed to fill this lack of knowledge and better clarify the potential role of those viral diseases in swine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Hawko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni P. Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229440
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Chadi Hosri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 14/6573, Lebanon
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Peng P, Xu Y, Aurora R, Di Bisceglie AM, Fan X. Within-host quantitation of anellovirus genome complexity from clinical samples. J Virol Methods 2022; 302:114493. [PMID: 35176352 PMCID: PMC8900665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anellovirus (AV) is a ubiquitous and diverse virus in the human population. An individual can be infected with multiple AV genera and species that form a heterogeneous repertoire, called the anellome. Due to its exceptional genetic diversity, efficient evaluation of anellome complexity remains a methodological challenge. In the current study, AV genome was first enriched from patient serum samples through two-phase rolling circle amplification. Following Illumina sequencing, anellome was analyzed with an advanced bioinformatics pipeline, including read extraction at three similarity levels, de novo assembly, species assignment, and determination of relative abundance among AV variants. The method was validated in the mock sample and then applied to 21 hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overall, there was a large variance regarding AV richness, ranging from 2 to 51 AV species. In contrast to HCV patients without HCC, HCC incidence was associated with reduced richness (12.6 ± 14.4 vs. 35.4 ± 13.6, p = 0.001) and Shannon entropy (0.4 ± 0.34 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12, p = 0.095) at the AV species level. Interestingly, AV genus beta and gamma expanded in the anellome in 7 of 10 HCC patients. These observations shed light on the potential association between anellome and HCC incidence in patients with chronic HCV infection. The method presented here represents a valuable tool to investigate the role of anellome in human health and disease.
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Bolatti EM, Viarengo G, Zorec TM, Cerri A, Montani ME, Hosnjak L, Casal PE, Bortolotto E, Di Domenica V, Chouhy D, Allasia MB, Barquez RM, Poljak M, Giri AA. Viral Metagenomic Data Analyses of Five New World Bat Species from Argentina: Identification of 35 Novel DNA Viruses. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020266. [PMID: 35208721 PMCID: PMC8880087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are natural reservoirs of a variety of zoonotic viruses, many of which cause severe human diseases. Characterizing viruses of bats inhabiting different geographical regions is important for understanding their viral diversity and for detecting viral spillovers between animal species. Herein, the diversity of DNA viruses of five arthropodophagous bat species from Argentina was investigated using metagenomics. Fecal samples of 29 individuals from five species (Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus, Eumops bonariensis, Eumops patagonicus, and Eptesicus diminutus) living at two different geographical locations, were investigated. Enriched viral DNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and the reads were trimmed and filtered using several bioinformatic approaches. The resulting nucleotide sequences were subjected to viral taxonomic classification. In total, 4,520,370 read pairs were sequestered by sequencing, and 21.1% of them mapped to viral taxa. Circoviridae and Genomoviridae were the most prevalent among vertebrate viral families in all bat species included in this study. Samples from the T. brasiliensis colony exhibited lower viral diversity than samples from other species of New World bats. We characterized 35 complete genome sequences of novel viruses. These findings provide new insights into the global diversity of bat viruses in poorly studied species, contributing to prevention of emerging zoonotic diseases and to conservation policies for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Bolatti
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Gastón Viarengo
- DETx MOL S.A., Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Tomaz M. Zorec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Agustina Cerri
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
| | - María E. Montani
- Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Dr. Ángel Gallardo”, San Lorenzo 1949, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
- Instituto PIDBA (Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Lea Hosnjak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Pablo E. Casal
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Eugenia Bortolotto
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Violeta Di Domenica
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Diego Chouhy
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- DETx MOL S.A., Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - María Belén Allasia
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Rubén M. Barquez
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina; (V.D.D.); (R.M.B.)
- Instituto PIDBA (Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.M.Z.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.A.G.); Tel.: +386-1-543-7454 (M.P.); +54-341-435-0661 (ext. 116) (A.A.G.); Fax: +54-341-439-0465 (A.A.G.)
| | - Adriana A. Giri
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, Rosario 2000, Argentina; (E.M.B.); (A.C.); (D.C.)
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.A.G.); Tel.: +386-1-543-7454 (M.P.); +54-341-435-0661 (ext. 116) (A.A.G.); Fax: +54-341-439-0465 (A.A.G.)
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Righi F, Arnaboldi S, Filipello V, Ianiro G, Di Bartolo I, Calò S, Bellini S, Trogu T, Lelli D, Bianchi A, Bonardi S, Pavoni E, Bertasi B, Lavazza A. Torque Teno Sus Virus (TTSuV) Prevalence in Wild Fauna of Northern Italy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020242. [PMID: 35208696 PMCID: PMC8875128 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is a non-enveloped circular ssDNA virus which frequently infects swine and has been associated with hepatic, respiratory, and autoimmune disorders. TTSuV’s pathogenic role is still uncertain, and clear data in the literature on virus reservoirs are lacking. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of potentially zoonotic TTSuV in wild animals in Northern Italy and to evaluate their role as reservoirs. Liver samples were collected between 2016 and 2020 during four hunting seasons from wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). Samples originated from areas in Northern Italy characterized by different traits, i.e., mountains and flatland with, respectively low and high farm density and anthropization. Viral identification was carried out by end-point PCR with specific primers for TTSuV1a and TTSuVk2a species. TTSuV prevalence in wild boars was higher in the mountains than in the flatland (prevalence of 6.2% and 2.3%, respectively). In wild ruminants only TTSuVk2a was detected (with a prevalence of 9.4%). Our findings shed light on the occurrence and distribution of TTSuV in some wild animal species, investigating their possible role as reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Arnaboldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-229-0781
| | - Virginia Filipello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Emerging Zoonoses Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (I.D.B.)
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Emerging Zoonoses Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (I.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Calò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Silvia Bellini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Tiziana Trogu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 23100 Sondrio, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bonardi
- Veterinary Science Department, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy;
| | - Enrico Pavoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
- National Reference Centre for Emerging Risks in Food Safety (CRESA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.); (V.F.); (S.C.); (S.B.); (T.T.); (D.L.); (E.P.); (B.B.); (A.L.)
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11
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Thakkar P, Banks JM, Rahat R, Brandini DA, Naqvi AR. Viruses of the oral cavity: Prevalence, pathobiology and association with oral diseases. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2311. [PMID: 34854161 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a plethora of habitats and tissue environments, such as teeth, tongue, and gingiva, which are home to a rich microbial flora including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Given the exposed nature of the mouth, oral tissues constantly encounter infectious agents, forming a complex ecological community. In the past, the discussion of microbiological aspects of oral disease has traditionally focused on bacteria and fungi, but viruses are attracting increasing attention as pathogens in oral inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding viral prevalence, pathogenicity, and preference regarding oral tissues is critical to understanding the holistic effects of viruses on oral infections. Recent investigations have demonstrated the abundance of certain viruses in oral inflammatory diseases, suggesting an association between viruses and disease. Human herpesviruses are the most extensively studied viruses in different oral inflammatory diseases. However, challenges in viral detection and the lack of reproducible in vitro and in vivo infection models have limited our progress in understanding viruses and their contribution to oral diseases. This review presents a summary of major mammalian viruses and associated diseases in the human oral cavity. The emergence of a recent pathogen SARS-CoV-2 and its tropism for salivary and periodontal tissues further highlights the relevance of the oral cavity in host-pathogen interaction. Understanding how these different viruses present clinically and influence oral health will advance our understanding of multifactorial oral diseases and their association with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan M Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela A Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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The Relationship between Torque teno Virus and TLR2 rs5743708 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jommid.9.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Alex CE, Fahsbender E, Altan E, Bildfell R, Wolff P, Jin L, Black W, Jackson K, Woods L, Munk B, Tse T, Delwart E, Pesavento PA. Viruses in unexplained encephalitis cases in American black bears (Ursus americanus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244056. [PMID: 33332429 PMCID: PMC7745964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections were investigated in American black bears (Ursus americanus) from Nevada and northern California with and without idiopathic encephalitis. Metagenomics analyses of tissue pools revealed novel viruses in the genera Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Polyomaviridae, and Papillomaviridae. The circovirus and parvovirus were of particular interest due to their potential importance as pathogens. We characterized the genomes of these viruses and subsequently screened bears by PCR to determine their prevalence. The circovirus (Ursus americanus circovirus, UaCV) was detected at a high prevalence (10/16, 67%), and the chaphamaparvovirus (Ursus americanus parvovirus, UaPV) was found in a single bear. We showed that UaCV is present in liver, spleen/lymph node, and brain tissue of selected cases by in situ hybridization (ISH) and PCR. Infections were detected in cases of idiopathic encephalitis and in cases without inflammatory brain lesions. Infection status was not clearly correlated with disease, and the significance of these infections remains unclear. Given the known pathogenicity of a closely related mammalian circovirus, and the complex manifestations of circovirus-associated diseases, we suggest that UaCV warrants further study as a possible cause or contributor to disease in American black bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Alex
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Bildfell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peregrine Wolff
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Wendy Black
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Munk
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Tse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California—Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Maev IV, Karlovich TI, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Andreev DN, Reshetnyak VI. Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2020; 30:7-22. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Maev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T. I. Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
| | | | - I. A. Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
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15
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Altan E, Delaney MA, Colegrove KM, Spraker TR, Wheeler EA, Deng X, Li Y, Gulland FMD, Delwart E. Complex Virome in a Mesenteric Lymph Node from a Californian Sea Lion ( Zalophus Californianus) with Polyserositis and Steatitis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080793. [PMID: 32718049 PMCID: PMC7472147 DOI: 10.3390/v12080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An emaciated subadult free-ranging California sea lion (Csl or Zalophus californianus) died following stranding with lesions similar to 11 other stranded animals characterized by chronic disseminated granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing steatitis and vasculitis, involving visceral adipose tissues in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities. Histologically, affected tissues had extensive accumulations of macrophages with perivascular lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fewer neutrophils. Using viral metagenomics on a mesenteric lymph node six mammalian viruses were identified consisting of novel parvovirus, polyomavirus, rotavirus, anellovirus, and previously described Csl adenovirus 1 and Csl bocavirus 4. The causal or contributory role of these viruses to the gross and histologic lesions of this sea lion remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Martha A. Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA; (M.A.D.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Colegrove
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3300 Golf Road, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA; (M.A.D.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Terry R. Spraker
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Wheeler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Bustad 471, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Frances M. D. Gulland
- Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Heath Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (E.A.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Karlovich TI. Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1691-1707. [PMID: 32351287 PMCID: PMC7183866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review presents the data accumulated for more than 20 years of research of torque teno virus (TTV). Its molecular genetic structure, immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, possible replication sites, and pathogenicity factors are described. TTV is a virus that is frequently detectable in patients with different viral hepatitides, in cases of hepatitis without an obvious viral agent, as well as in a healthy population. There is evidence suggesting that biochemical and histological changes occur in liver tissue and bile duct epithelium in TTV monoinfection. There are sufficient histological signs of liver damage, which confirm that the virus can undergo a replicative cycle in hepatocytes. Along with this, cytological hybridization in TTV-infected cells has shown no substantial cytopathic (cell-damaging) effects that are characteristic of pathogenic hepatotropic viruses. Studying TTV has led to the evolution of views on its role in the development of human pathology. The first ideas about the hepatotropism of the virus were gradually reformed as new data became available on the prevalence of the virus and its co-infection with other viruses, including the viruses of the known types of hepatitides. The high prevalence of TTV in the human population indicates its persistence in the body as a virome and a non-pathogenic virus. It has recently been proposed that the level of TTV DNA in the blood of patients undergoing organ transplantation should be used as an endogenous marker of the body’s immune status. The available data show the polytropism of the virus and deny the fact that TTV can be assigned exclusively to hepatitis viruses. Fortunately, the rare detection of the damaging effect of TTV on hepatic and bile duct epithelial cells may be indirect evidence of its conditionally pathogenic properties. The ubiquity of the virus and the variability of its existence in humans cannot put an end to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I Reshetnyak
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor V Maev
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Burmistrov
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor A Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
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17
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Da Silva MS, Budaszewski RF, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Paim WP, Mósena ACS, Canova R, Varela APM, Mayer FQ, Pereira CW, Canal CW. Liver virome of healthy pigs reveals diverse small ssDNA viral genomes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104203. [PMID: 32035977 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is a major exporter of pork meat worldwide. Swine liver is a common ingredient in food consumed by humans, thus emphasizing the importance of evaluating the presence of associated pathogens in swine liver. To obtain knowledge, this study aimed to provide insights into the viral communities of livers collected from slaughtered pigs from southern Brazil. The 46 livers were processed and submitted for high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The sequences were most closely related to Anelloviridae, Circoviridae and Parvoviridae families. The present work also describes the first Brazilian PCV1 and the first PPV6 and PPV7 from South America. Virus frequencies revelead 63% of samples positive for TTSuV1, 71% for TTSuVk2, 10.8% for PCV, 13% for PPV and 6% for PBov. This report addresses the diversity of the liver virome of healthy pigs and expands the number of viruses detected, further characterizing their genomes to assist future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S P Cibulski
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F Q Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Pereira
- Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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18
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Sarairah H, Bdour S, Gharaibeh W. The Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Jordan. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020165. [PMID: 32023916 PMCID: PMC7077251 DOI: 10.3390/v12020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is the most common component of the human blood virobiota. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of TTV in humans and the most common farm domesticates in Jordan, or the history and modality of TTV transmission across species lines. We therefore tested sera from 396 Jordanians and 171 farm animals for the presence of TTV DNA using nested 5'-UTR-PCR. We then performed phylogenetic, ordination and evolutionary diversity analyses on detected DNA sequences. We detected a very high prevalence of TTV in Jordanians (~96%); much higher than in farm animal domesticates (~29% pooled over species). TTV prevalence in the human participants is not associated with geography, demography or physical attributes. Phylogenetic, ordination and evolutionary diversity analyses indicated that TTV is transmitted readily between humans across the geography of the country and between various species of animal domesticates. However, the majority of animal TTV isolates seem to derive from a single human-to-animal transmission event in the past, and current human-animal transmission in either direction is relatively rare. In conclusion, animal TTV in Jordan is historically derived from human variants; however, ongoing human-animal TTV exchange is minimal and zoonotic infection seems to be of limited importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Sarairah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Salwa Bdour
- Department of the Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (W.G.); Tel.: +962-6-5355000 (ext. 22233) (S.B.); +962-6-5355000 (ext. 22205) (W.G.)
| | - Waleed Gharaibeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (W.G.); Tel.: +962-6-5355000 (ext. 22233) (S.B.); +962-6-5355000 (ext. 22205) (W.G.)
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19
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Wu Z, Lu L, Du J, Yang L, Ren X, Liu B, Jiang J, Yang J, Dong J, Sun L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zheng D, Zhang C, Su H, Zheng Y, Zhou H, Zhu G, Li H, Chmura A, Yang F, Daszak P, Wang J, Liu Q, Jin Q. Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 30285857 PMCID: PMC6171170 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodents represent around 43% of all mammalian species, are widely distributed, and are the natural reservoirs of a diverse group of zoonotic viruses, including hantaviruses, Lassa viruses, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Thus, analyzing the viral diversity harbored by rodents could assist efforts to predict and reduce the risk of future emergence of zoonotic viral diseases. RESULTS We used next-generation sequencing metagenomic analysis to survey for a range of mammalian viral families in rodents and other small animals of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Soricomorpha in China. We sampled 3,055 small animals from 20 provinces and then outlined the spectra of mammalian viruses within these individuals and the basic ecological and genetic characteristics of novel rodent and shrew viruses among the viral spectra. Further analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a primary role and geographical location plays a secondary role in determining viral diversity. Many viruses were reported for the first time with distinct evolutionary lineages, and viruses related to known human or animal pathogens were identified. Phylogram comparison between viruses and hosts indicated that host shifts commonly happened in many different species during viral evolutionary history. CONCLUSIONS These results expand our understanding of the viromes of rodents and insectivores in China and suggest that there is high diversity of viruses awaiting discovery in these species in Asia. These findings, combined with our previous bat virome data, greatly increase our knowledge of the viral community in wildlife in a densely populated country in an emerging disease hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Du
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilian Sun
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Su
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Fan Yang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ramos N, Mirazo S, Botto G, Teixeira TF, Cibulski SP, Castro G, Cabrera K, Roehe PM, Arbiza J. High frequency and extensive genetic heterogeneity of TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2a in PCV2- infected and non-infected domestic pigs and wild boars from Uruguay. Vet Microbiol 2018; 224:78-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Nishizawa T, Sugimoto Y, Takeda T, Kodera Y, Hatano Y, Takahashi M, Okamoto H. Identification and whole genome characterization of novel anelloviruses in masked palm civets (Paguma larvata): Segregation into four distinct clades. Virus Res 2018; 256:183-191. [PMID: 30149046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The members of the family Anelloviridae are small and single-stranded DNA viruses with marked diversity in sequence and length, which ubiquitously infect many vertebrates, including mammals, birds and reptiles. The anelloviruses isolated from mammals are currently classified into 11 assigned and four proposed genera; some anelloviruses remain unassigned. The present study was conducted to identify anelloviruses in wild-caught masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan using a rolling-circle amplification method. Thirteen novel anellovirus strains were identified from 8 of 10 masked palm civets and their entire genomic sequences (2039-2535 nucleotides) were determined; they were classifiable into four distinct clades. Comparative analyses of all reported anelloviruses for which the entire or near-entire genomic sequences have been determined, including the 13 strains obtained in the present study, revealed that anelloviruses can provisionally be classified into 20 clades, which may correspond to 20 genera (including 11 assigned and four proposed genera) by a >70% amino acid sequence difference in open reading frame 1 (ORF1). This study suggested that novel anelloviruses of marked diversity are circulating in animals worldwide, and that the rolling-circle amplification method would be useful for identifying novel anelloviruses and other viruses with a circular DNA genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugimoto
- Nikko Branch, Tochigi Hunter Association, Nikko, Tochigi, 321-2522, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Center for Weeds and Wildlife Management, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yuuji Kodera
- Center for Weeds and Wildlife Management, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yumi Hatano
- Sakakibara Heart Institute Clinic, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-0804, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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22
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Wan C, Chen C, Cheng L, Fu G, Shi S, Fu Q, Liu R, Chen H, Huang Y. Development of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid and specific detection of pigeon torque teno virus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:53-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Identification of an anellovirus and genomoviruses in ixodid ticks. Virus Genes 2017; 54:155-159. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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de Souza WM, Fumagalli MJ, de Araujo J, Sabino-Santos G, Maia FGM, Romeiro MF, Modha S, Nardi MS, Queiroz LH, Durigon EL, Nunes MRT, Murcia PR, Figueiredo LTM. Discovery of novel anelloviruses in small mammals expands the host range and diversity of the Anelloviridae. Virology 2017; 514:9-17. [PMID: 29128758 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Anelloviridae comprises single-stranded DNA viruses currently grouped in sixty-eight species classified in twelve genera. They have been found in many vertebrate hosts including primates. In this study, we describe the application of the high-throughput sequencing to examine the frequency and diversity of anelloviruses in rodents, bats and opossums captured in São Paulo State, Brazil. We report a total of twenty-six anelloviruses with sixteen nearly complete genomes and ten partial genomes, which include eleven potential novel species identified in rodents (Cricetidae), bats (Molossidae and Phyllostomidae), and opossums (Didelphidae). We also propose the inclusion of two potential new genera within the Anelloviridae family, provisionally named Omegatorquevirus and Sigmatorquevirus, including six and three novel species of anelloviruses, respectively. In summary, this study expands the diversity and the host range of the known anelloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Schiavo Nardi
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, Prefeitura de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovations, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Ramiro Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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25
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Lempp C, Jungwirth N, Grilo ML, Reckendorf A, Ulrich A, van Neer A, Bodewes R, Pfankuche VM, Bauer C, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W, Siebert U. Pathological findings in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in Northern Germany. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175469. [PMID: 28399176 PMCID: PMC5388480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. Hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. The present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their natural rural and peri-urban habitats in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between November 2013 and January 2016 with focus on zoonoses and infectious diseases that are potentially threatening to other wildlife or domestic animal species. 79 red foxes, 17 stone martens and 10 raccoon dogs were collected from traps or hunts. In order to detect morphological changes and potential infectious diseases, necropsy and pathohistological work-up was performed. Additionally, in selected animals immunohistochemistry (influenza A virus, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Borna disease virus, tick-borne encephalitis, canine adenovirus, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes), next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (fox circovirus) and serum-neutralisation analysis (canine distemper virus) were performed. Furthermore, all animals were screened for fox rabies virus (immunofluorescence), canine distemper virus (immunohistochemistry) and Aujeszky's disease (virus cultivation). The most important findings included encephalitis (n = 16) and pneumonia (n = 20). None of the investigations revealed a specific cause for the observed morphological alterations except for one animal with an elevated serum titer of 1:160 for canine distemper. Animals displayed macroscopically and/or histopathologically detectable infections with parasites, including Taenia sp., Toxocara sp. and Alaria alata. In summary, wildlife predators carry zoonotic parasitic disease and suffer from inflammatory diseases of yet unknown etiology, possibly bearing infectious potential for other animal species and humans. This study highlights the value of monitoring terrestrial wildlife following the "One Health" notion, to estimate the incidence and the possible spread of zoonotic pathogens and to avoid animal to animal spillover as well as transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lempp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miguel L. Grilo
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Anja Reckendorf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Arlena Ulrich
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Abbo van Neer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa M. Pfankuche
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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26
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Monini M, Vignolo E, Ianiro G, Ostanello F, Ruggeri FM, Di Bartolo I. Detection of Torque Teno Sus Virus in Pork Bile and Liver Sausages. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:283-288. [PMID: 27294982 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Torque teno viruses (TTV) are small DNA viruses widespread among humans and pigs. The clinical significance of TTV infections in either humans or pigs is uncertain. In fact, TTV viremia is highly prevalent in patients with different pathologies, but it can also be frequently observed in healthy subjects. Virus infection in pigs is considered a putative cofactor in several diseases; despite being detected frequently in healthy animals, its role still remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) in 62 bile samples collected from pigs at slaughterhouse and in 36 fresh pork liver sausages bought at point of sale. Quantitative Real-Time PCR, confirmed that 19.4 and 58.3 % of bile and sausage samples tested positive for TTSuV, respectively. The mean viral load was established as 5.6 × 104 GE/µl for bile and 7.16 × 103 GE/g for sausages. TTSuV nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed a wide heterogeneity among the circulating TTSuV strains, which included both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Monini
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vignolo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Ruggeri
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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