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Das S, Khan R, Banerjee S, Ray S, Ray S. Alterations in Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Interventions, and Lessons for the Future. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5. [PMID: 38702566 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the world is acquitting from the throes of COVID-19 and returning to the regularity of life, its effects on physical and mental health are prominently evident in the post-pandemic era. The pandemic subjected us to inadequate sleep and physical activities, stress, irregular eating patterns, and work hours beyond the regular rest-activity cycle. Thus, perturbing the synchrony of the regular circadian clock functions led to chronic psychiatric and neurological disorders and poor immunological response in several COVID-19 survivors. Understanding the links between the host immune system and viral replication machinery from a clock-infection biology perspective promises novel avenues of intervention. Behavioral improvements in our daily lifestyle can reduce the severity and expedite the convalescent stage of COVID-19 by maintaining consistent eating, sleep, and physical activity schedules. Including dietary supplements and nutraceuticals with prophylactic value aids in combating COVID-19, as their deficiency can lead to a higher risk of infection, vulnerability, and severity of COVID-19. Thus, besides developing therapeutic measures, perpetual healthy practices could also contribute to combating the upcoming pandemics. This review highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on biological rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, physical activities, and eating patterns and how those disruptions possibly contribute to the response, severity, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Srishti Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, Telangana, India.
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Velazquez-Arcelay K, Colbran LL, McArthur E, Brand CM, Rinker DC, Siemann JK, McMahon DG, Capra JA. Archaic Introgression Shaped Human Circadian Traits. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad203. [PMID: 38095367 PMCID: PMC10719892 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When the ancestors of modern Eurasians migrated out of Africa and interbred with Eurasian archaic hominins, namely, Neanderthals and Denisovans, DNA of archaic ancestry integrated into the genomes of anatomically modern humans. This process potentially accelerated adaptation to Eurasian environmental factors, including reduced ultraviolet radiation and increased variation in seasonal dynamics. However, whether these groups differed substantially in circadian biology and whether archaic introgression adaptively contributed to human chronotypes remain unknown. Here, we traced the evolution of chronotype based on genomes from archaic hominins and present-day humans. First, we inferred differences in circadian gene sequences, splicing, and regulation between archaic hominins and modern humans. We identified 28 circadian genes containing variants with potential to alter splicing in archaics (e.g., CLOCK, PER2, RORB, and RORC) and 16 circadian genes likely divergently regulated between present-day humans and archaic hominins, including RORA. These differences suggest the potential for introgression to modify circadian gene expression. Testing this hypothesis, we found that introgressed variants are enriched among expression quantitative trait loci for circadian genes. Supporting the functional relevance of these regulatory effects, we found that many introgressed alleles have associations with chronotype. Strikingly, the strongest introgressed effects on chronotype increase morningness, consistent with adaptations to high latitude in other species. Finally, we identified several circadian loci with evidence of adaptive introgression or latitudinal clines in allele frequency. These findings identify differences in circadian gene regulation between modern humans and archaic hominins and support the contribution of introgression via coordinated effects on variation in human chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura L Colbran
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Evonne McArthur
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colin M Brand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, SanFrancisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, SanFrancisco, California, USA
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin K Siemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John A Capra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, SanFrancisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, SanFrancisco, California, USA
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Zuo W, Liu X, Chen J, Zuo W, Yin Y, Nie X, Tang P, Huang Y, Yu Q, Hu Q, Zhou J, Tan Y, Huang X, Ren Q. Single-cell sequencing provides insights into the landscape of ovary in PCOS and alterations induced by CUMS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E346-E362. [PMID: 37584608 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder related to psychological distress. However, the mechanism underlying increased prevalence of depression in PCOS remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the unique transcriptional landscape of ovary and offered a platform to explore the mechanism of PCOS, as well as the influences caused by depression. The PCOS rat model was established by letrozole whereas PCOS rat model with depression was established by letrozole combined with chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Then single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was applied to analyze the transcriptional features of rat ovaries. Granulosa cells (GCs) and fibroblasts (Fibros) accounted for the top two clusters of total 12 cell types. There were nine clusters in GCs, related to inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and steroidogenesis. The expression of differentially expressed genes (DEG) Hes1 was higher in PCOS and PCOS + CUMS groups, exhibiting enhanced expression by pseudotime and positively related to inflammation. Pseudotemporal analysis revealed that inflammation contributed to the different GCs distributions. Moreover, analysis of DEGs and gene ontology (GO) function enrichment revealed CUMS aggravated inflammation in PCOS GCs possibly via interferon signaling pathway. In theca cells (TCs), nine clusters were observed and some of them were relevant to inflammation, ER stress, and lipid metabolism. DEGs Ass1, Insl3, and Ifi27 were positively related to Cyp17a1, and Ces1d might contribute to the different trajectory of TCs. Subsequent scRNA-seq revealed a signature profile of endothelial cells (ECs) and Fibros, which suggest that inflammation-induced damage of ECs and Fibro, further exacerbated by CUMS. Finally, analysis of T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) revealed the existence of immune dysfunction, among which interferon signaling played a critical role. These findings provided more knowledge for a better understanding PCOS from the view of inflammation and identified new biomarkers and targets for the treatment of PCOS with psychological diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we mapped the landscape of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovary with rat model induced by letrozole and provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of PCOS accompanied by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) at single-cell transcriptomic level. These observations highlight the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCOS, which might also be the bridge between PCOS and psychological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zuo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenren Zuo
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunke Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Women's Hospital School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Science and Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Ren
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Bi J, Sun B, Li H, Li Y, Wang S. Zinc Improves Semen Parameters in High-Fat Diet-Induced Male Rats by Regulating the Expression of LncRNA in Testis Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4793-4805. [PMID: 36600170 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differentially expressed LncRNAs in testis tissue of male rats induced by high-fat diet and their changes after zinc supplementation, by constructing a high-fat feeding rat model, and then supplemented with zinc, and observed the expression of LncRNA in three groups of normal, high-fat fed, and zinc-intervened rats. Experimental studies show that the semen parameters of male rats with high-fat diet were decreased but recovered after zinc supplementation, and the related LncRNA also changed. Zinc may improve the high-fat diet-induced reduction of semen parameters by changing the expression of related LncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, No. 480 Heping Street, Shijiazhuang, 050071, Xinhua District, China
| | - Jiajie Bi
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, No. 480 Heping Street, Shijiazhuang, 050071, Xinhua District, China
| | - Yuejia Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shusong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, No. 480 Heping Street, Shijiazhuang, 050071, Xinhua District, China.
- Graduate School of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Mineiro R, Albuquerque T, Neves AR, Santos CRA, Costa D, Quintela T. The Role of Biological Rhythms in New Drug Formulations to Cross the Brain Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12541. [PMID: 37628722 PMCID: PMC10454916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For brain protection, the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier limit the traffic of molecules between blood and brain tissue and between blood and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Besides their protective function, brain barriers also limit the passage of therapeutic drugs to the brain, which constitutes a great challenge for the development of therapeutic strategies for brain disorders. This problem has led to the emergence of novel strategies to treat neurological disorders, like the development of nanoformulations to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain. Recently, functional molecular clocks have been identified in the blood-brain barrier and in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In fact, circadian rhythms in physiological functions related to drug disposition were also described in brain barriers. This opens the possibility for chronobiological approaches that aim to use time to improve drug efficacy and safety. The conjugation of nanoformulations with chronobiology for neurological disorders is still unexplored. Facing this, here, we reviewed the circadian rhythms in brain barriers, the nanoformulations studied to deliver drugs to the brain, and the nanoformulations with the potential to be conjugated with a chronobiological approach to therapeutic strategies for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mineiro
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Neves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- UDI-IPG—Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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6
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Lee H, Kim H, Provido SMP, Kang M, Chung GH, Lee JW, Hong S, Yu SH, Lee CB, Lee JE. Associations of Dietary Intakes of Total and Specific Types of Fat with Blood Lipid Levels in the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). Glob Heart 2023; 18:29. [PMID: 37334397 PMCID: PMC10275172 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited evidence exists on the association between dietary fat intake and lipid profiles in Southeast Asian populations. Objectives We aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of dietary intake of total and specific types of fat with dyslipidemia in Filipino immigrant women in Korea. Methods We included 406 Filipino women married to Korean in the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). Dietary fat intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls. Impaired blood lipid profiles were defined as high total cholesterol (TC) (≥200 mg/dL), high triglyceride (TG) (≥150 mg/dL), high LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥ 130 mg/dL), or low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (<50 mg/dL). The genomic DNA samples were genotyped using DNA chip. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Results Substituting carbohydrates with dietary saturated fat (SFA) intake was associated with increased prevalence of dyslipidemia; ORs (95% CIs) for subsequent tertiles compared to the first tertile were 2.28 (1.19-4.35), and 2.88 (1.29-6.39) (P for trend = 0.02). When we examined individual markers, ORs (95% CIs, P for trend) comparing the third to the first tertile were 3.62 (1.53-8.55, 0.01) for high TC, 1.46 (0.42-5.10, 0.72) for high TG, 4.00 (1.48-10.79, 0.02) for high LDL-C, and 0.69 (0.30-1.59, 0.36) for low HDL-C. When we examined the interaction by LDL-C-related polymorphisms, the association with dyslipidemia was more pronounced among participants with CC alleles than among those with T alleles of rs6102059 (P for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions High dietary SFA intake was significantly associated with a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Filipino women in Korea. Further prospective cohort studies are warranted to determine risk factors for CVD in Southeast Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherlyn Mae P. Provido
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace H. Chung
- Child Development and Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Beom Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Begemann K, Heyde I, Witt P, Inderhees J, Leinweber B, Koch CE, Jöhren O, Oelkrug R, Liskiewicz A, Müller TD, Oster H. Rest phase snacking increases energy resorption and weight gain in male mice. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101691. [PMID: 36746332 PMCID: PMC9950950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Snacking, i.e., the intake of small amounts of palatable food items, is a common behavior in modern societies, promoting overeating and obesity. Shifting food intake into the daily rest phase disrupts circadian rhythms and is also known to stimulate weight gain. We therefore hypothesized that chronic snacking in the inactive phase may promote body weight gain and that this effect is based on disruption of circadian clocks. METHODS Male mice were fed a daily chocolate snack either during their rest or their active phase and body weight development and metabolic parameters were investigated. Snacking experiments were repeated in constant darkness and in clock-deficient mutant mice to examine the role of external and internal time cues in mediating the metabolic effects of snacking. RESULTS Chronic snacking in the rest phase increased body weight gain and disrupted metabolic circadian rhythms in energy expenditure, body temperature, and locomotor activity. Additionally, these rest phase snacking mice assimilated more energy during the inactive phase. Body weight remained increased in rest phase snacking wildtype mice in constant darkness as well as in clock-deficient mutant mice under a regular light-dark cycle compared to mice snacking in the active phase. Weight gain effects were abolished in clock-deficient mice in constant darkness. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that mistimed snacking increases energy resorption and promotes body weight gain. This effect requires a functional circadian clock at least under constant darkness conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pia Witt
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christiane E. Koch
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Trebucq LL, Lamberti ML, Rota R, Aiello I, Borio C, Bilen M, Golombek DA, Plano SA, Chiesa JJ. Chronic circadian desynchronization of feeding-fasting rhythm generates alterations in daily glycemia, LDL cholesterolemia and microbiota composition in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1154647. [PMID: 37125029 PMCID: PMC10145162 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1154647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The circadian system synchronizes behavior and physiology to the 24-h light- dark (LD) cycle. Timing of food intake and fasting periods provide strong signals for peripheral circadian clocks regulating nutrient assimilation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Mice under 12 h light:12 h dark (LD) cycles exhibit behavioral activity and feeding during the dark period, while fasting occurs at rest during light. Disruption of energy metabolism, leading to an increase in body mass, was reported in experimental models of circadian desynchronization. In this work, the effects of chronic advances of the LD cycles (chronic jet-lag protocol, CJL) were studied on the daily homeostasis of energy metabolism and weight gain. Methods Male C57 mice were subjected to a CJL or LD schedule, measuring IPGTT, insulinemia, microbiome composition and lipidemia. Results Mice under CJL show behavioral desynchronization and feeding activity distributed similarly at the light and dark hours and, although feeding a similar daily amount of food as compared to controls, show an increase in weight gain. In addition, ad libitum glycemia rhythm was abolished in CJL-subjected mice, showing similar blood glucose values at light and dark. CJL also generated glucose intolerance at dark in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), with increased insulin release at both light and dark periods. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia was increased under this condition, but no changes in HDL cholesterolemia were observed. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was analyzed as a marker of circadian disruption of microbiota composition, showing opposite phases at the light and dark when comparing LD vs. CJL. Discussion Chronic misalignment of feeding/fasting rhythm leads to metabolic disturbances generating nocturnal hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in a IPGTT, increased LDL cholesterolemia, and increased weight gain, underscoring the importance of the timing of food consumption with respect to the circadian system for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucía Trebucq
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Melisa Luciana Lamberti
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Rosana Rota
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Aiello
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Cristina Borio
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Marcos Bilen
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
- Escuela de Educacion, Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Plano
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Santiago Andrés Plano,
| | - Juan José Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bernal, Argentina
- Juan José Chiesa,
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9
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Pérez-Villarreal JM, Aviña-Padilla K, Beltrán-López E, Guadrón-Llanos AM, López-Bayghen E, Magaña-Gómez J, Meraz-Ríos MA, Varela-Echavarría A, Angulo-Rojo C. Profiling of circulating chromosome 21-encoded microRNAs, miR-155, and let-7c, in down syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1938. [PMID: 35411714 PMCID: PMC9184673 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal survival aneuploidy. The increase in DS life expectancy further heightens the risk of dementia, principally early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD risk in DS is higher, considering that this population may also develop metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and diabetes mellitus. The extra genetic material that characterizes DS causes an imbalance in the genetic dosage, including over‐expression of AD's key pathophysiological molecules and the gene expression regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs). Two miRNAs, chromosome 21‐encoded, miR‐155, and let‐7c, are associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in adults; but, expression dynamics and relationship with clinical variables during the DS's lifespan had remained hitherto unexplored. Methods The anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and profile expression of circulating miR‐155 and let‐7c were analyzed in a population of 52 control and 50 DS subjects divided into the young group (Aged ≤20 years) and the adult group (Aged ≥21 years). Results The expression changes for miR‐155 were not significant; nevertheless, a negative correlation with HDL‐Cholesterol concentrations was observed. Notably, let‐7c was over‐expressed in DS from young and old ages. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that let‐7c plays a role from the early stages of DS's cognitive impairment while overexpression of miR‐155 may be related to lipid metabolism changes. Further studies of both miRNAs will shed light on their potential as therapeutic targets to prevent or delay DS's cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Manuel Pérez-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Escuela de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Katia Aviña-Padilla
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Bioinformática y de Redes Complejas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IRAPUATO), Mexico
| | - Evangelina Beltrán-López
- Laboratorio Edificio Central, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Alma Marlene Guadrón-Llanos
- Laboratorio de Diabetes y comorbilidades, Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
| | - Javier Magaña-Gómez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Escuela de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Carla Angulo-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDOCS), Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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10
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Zhang Z, Cheng L, Ma J, Wang X, Zhao Y. Chronic Cold Exposure Leads to Daytime Preference in the Circadian Expression of Hepatic Metabolic Genes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:865627. [PMID: 35655959 PMCID: PMC9152247 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.865627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian control allows organisms to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes through changes in physiology and behavior. The circadian system timing is entrained by cues, such as light, food, and temperature. An ambient temperature dramatically impacts the sleep-wake cycle and metabolic rhythmicity. As endotherms, mammals rely on tissues such as the liver to provide fuel for thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. The adaptive response of the circadian rhythm of liver metabolism to chronic cold exposure remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the circadian rhythm adaptation of hepatic metabolism in response to environmental cold stress using a mouse model of chronic cold exposure. We analyzed metabolites and transcripts of mouse livers at 24 h and found that long-term low-temperature exposure resulted in a synergistic and phase synchronization of transcriptional rhythms of many genes associated with metabolic pathways. Notably, transcription peaked in the early light phase when the body temperature was relatively low. Our results suggest that chronic cold does not alter the rhythmic expression of essential core clock genes in the liver, so the rewiring of clock control gene expression is another mechanism that optimizes the circadian rhythm of liver metabolism to meet the energy requirements of animal thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhida Zhang
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Cheng
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- BGI -Yunnan, BGI - Shenzhen, Kunming, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Hu N, Zou L. Multiple functions of Hes genes in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151848. [PMID: 34715307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The HES proteins (hairy and Enhancer of split (E(spl)) homologs) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Family members HES1, 3, and 5 are all critical regulators of nervous system development. The Hes genes exhibit oscillatory expression levels, and this dynamic expression allows for the complex regulation of numerous downstream genes such as Ascl1, Neurog2, Olig2 involved in the differentiation of specific cell types. In addition, HES proteins act as hubs for the molecule crosstalk among Notch, Wnt, and other signaling pathways that regulate nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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12
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Schober A, Blay RM, Saboor Maleki S, Zahedi F, Winklmaier AE, Kakar MY, Baatsch IM, Zhu M, Geißler C, Fusco AE, Eberlein A, Li N, Megens RTA, Banafsche R, Kumbrink J, Weber C, Nazari-Jahantigh M. MicroRNA-21 Controls Circadian Regulation of Apoptosis in Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circulation 2021; 144:1059-1073. [PMID: 34233454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The necrotic core partly formed by ineffective efferocytosis increases the risk of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture. microRNAs contribute to necrotic core formation by regulating efferocytosis and macrophage apoptosis. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture occurs at increased frequency in the early morning, indicating diurnal changes in plaque vulnerability. Although circadian rhythms play a role in atherosclerosis, the molecular clock output pathways that control plaque composition and rupture susceptibility are unclear. Methods: Circadian gene expression, necrotic core size, and apoptosis and efferocytosis in aortic lesions were investigated at different times of the day in Apoe-/-Mir21+/+ mice and Apoe-/- Mir21-/- mice after consumption of a high-fat diet for 12 weeks feeding. Genome-wide gene expression and lesion formation were analyzed in bone marrow (BM)-transplanted mice. Diurnal changes in apoptosis and clock gene expression were determined in human atherosclerotic lesions. Results: The expression of molecular clock genes, lesional apoptosis, and necrotic core size were diurnally regulated in Apoe-/- mice. Efferocytosis did not match the diurnal increase in apoptosis at the beginning of the active phase. However, in parallel with apoptosis, expression levels of oscillating Mir21 strands decreased in the mouse atherosclerotic aorta. Mir21 knockout abolished circadian regulation of apoptosis and reduced necrotic core size, but did not affect core clock gene expression. Further, Mir21 knockout upregulated expression of pro-apoptotic XIAP associated factor 1 (Xaf1) in the atherosclerotic aorta, which abolished circadian expression of Xaf1. The anti-apoptotic effect of Mir21 was mediated by non-canonical targeting of Xaf1 through both Mir21 strands. Mir21 knockout in BM cells also reduced atherosclerosis and necrotic core size. Circadian regulation of clock gene expression was confirmed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Apoptosis oscillated diurnally in phase with XAF1 expression, demonstrating an early morning peak anti-phase to that of the Mir21 strands. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the molecular clock in atherosclerotic lesions induces a diurnal rhythm of apoptosis regulated by circadian Mir21 expression in macrophages that is not matched by efferocytosis, thus increasing the size of the necrotic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard M Blay
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Saffiyeh Saboor Maleki
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Farima Zahedi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja E Winklmaier
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mati Y Kakar
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle M Baatsch
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengyu Zhu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Geißler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja E Fusco
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Eberlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nan Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramin Banafsche
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Mammals undergo regular cycles of fasting and feeding that engage dynamic transcriptional responses in metabolic tissues. Here we review advances in our understanding of the gene regulatory networks that contribute to hepatic responses to fasting and feeding. The advent of sequencing and -omics techniques have begun to facilitate a holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape and its plasticity. We highlight transcription factors, their cofactors, and the pathways that they impact. We also discuss physiological factors that impinge on these responses, including circadian rhythms and sex differences. Finally, we review how dietary modifications modulate hepatic gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bideyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rohith Nagari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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14
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Mermet J, Yeung J, Naef F. Oscillating and stable genome topologies underlie hepatic physiological rhythms during the circadian cycle. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009350. [PMID: 33524027 PMCID: PMC7877755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock drives extensive temporal gene expression programs controlling daily changes in behavior and physiology. In mouse liver, transcription factors dynamics, chromatin modifications, and RNA Polymerase II (PolII) activity oscillate throughout the 24-hour (24h) day, regulating the rhythmic synthesis of thousands of transcripts. Also, 24h rhythms in gene promoter-enhancer chromatin looping accompany rhythmic mRNA synthesis. However, how chromatin organization impinges on temporal transcription and liver physiology remains unclear. Here, we applied time-resolved chromosome conformation capture (4C-seq) in livers of WT and arrhythmic Bmal1 knockout mice. In WT, we observed 24h oscillations in promoter-enhancer loops at multiple loci including the core-clock genes Period1, Period2 and Bmal1. In addition, we detected rhythmic PolII activity, chromatin modifications and transcription involving stable chromatin loops at clock-output gene promoters representing key liver function such as glucose metabolism and detoxification. Intriguingly, these contacts persisted in clock-impaired mice in which both PolII activity and chromatin marks no longer oscillated. Finally, we observed chromatin interaction hubs connecting neighbouring genes showing coherent transcription regulation across genotypes. Thus, both clock-controlled and clock-independent chromatin topology underlie rhythmic regulation of liver physiology.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Animals
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/genetics
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/metabolism
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing/methods
- Circadian Clocks/genetics
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Lysine/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- RNA Polymerase II/genetics
- RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mermet
- The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jake Yeung
- The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- The Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Lin Y, Tsai M, Hsieh I, Wen M, Wang C. Deficiency of circadian gene cryptochromes in bone marrow‐derived cells protects against atherosclerosis in
LDLR
−/−
mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21309. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001818rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Sheng Lin
- Healthcare Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Lung Tsai
- Department of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - I‐Chang Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Shien Wen
- Department of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
| | - Chao‐Yung Wang
- Department of Cardiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
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16
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Liu JA, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Disruptions of Circadian Rhythms and Thrombolytic Therapy During Ischemic Stroke Intervention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675732. [PMID: 34177452 PMCID: PMC8222607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several endogenous and exogenous factors interact to influence stroke occurrence, in turn contributing to discernable daily distribution patterns in the frequency and severity of cerebrovascular events. Specifically, strokes that occur during the morning tend to be more severe and are associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure, increased hospital stay, and worse outcomes, including mortality, compared to strokes that occur later in the day. Furthermore, disrupted circadian rhythms are linked to higher risk for stroke and play a role in stroke outcome. In this review, we discuss the interrelation among core clock genes and several factors contributing to ischemic outcomes, sources of disrupted circadian rhythms, the implications of disrupted circadian rhythms in foundational stroke scientific literature, followed by a review of clinical implications. In addition to highlighting the distinct daily pattern of onset, several aspects of physiology including immune response, endothelial/vascular and blood brain barrier function, and fibrinolysis are under circadian clock regulation; disrupted core clock gene expression patterns can adversely affect these physiological processes, leading to a prothrombotic state. Lastly, we discuss how the timing of ischemic onset increases morning resistance to thrombolytic therapy and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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17
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Parsons R, Parsons R, Garner N, Oster H, Rawashdeh O. CircaCompare: a method to estimate and statistically support differences in mesor, amplitude and phase, between circadian rhythms. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:1208-1212. [PMID: 31588519 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION A fundamental interest in chronobiology is to compare patterns between groups of rhythmic data. However, many existing methods are ill-equipped to derive statements concerning the statistical significance of differences between rhythms that may be visually apparent. This is attributed to both the form of data used (longitudinal versus cross-sectional) and the limitations of the statistical tests used to draw conclusions. RESULTS To address this problem, we propose that a cosinusoidal curve with a particular parametrization be used to model and compare data of two sets of observations collected over a 24-h period. The novelty of our test is in the parametrization, which allows the explicit estimation of rhythmic parameters [mesor (the rhythm-adjusted mean level of a response variable around which a wave function oscillates), amplitude and phase], and simultaneously testing for statistical significance in all three parameters between two or more groups of datasets. A statistically significant difference between two groups, regarding each of these rhythmic parameters, is indicated by a P-value. The method is evaluated by applying the model to publicly available datasets, and is further exemplified by comparison to the currently recommended method, DODR. The results suggest that the method proposed may be highly sensitive to detect rhythmic differences between groups in phase, amplitude and mesor. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/RWParsons/circacompare/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Parsons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard Parsons
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Nicholas Garner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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18
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Simak M, Lu HHS, Yang JM. Boolean function network analysis of time course liver transcriptome data to reveal novel circadian transcriptional regulators in mammals. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:872-880. [PMID: 31469689 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many biological processes in mammals are subject to circadian control at the molecular level. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been demonstrated to be associated with a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, and cancer. Although the core circadian genes are well established, there are multiple reports of novel peripheral circadian regulators. The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive computational analysis to identify novel potential circadian transcriptional regulators. METHODS To fulfill the aforementioned goal, we applied a Boolean function network method to analyze the microarray time course mouse and rat liver datasets available in the literature. The inferred direct pairwise relations were further investigated using the functional annotation tool. This approach generated a list of transcription factors (TFs) and cofactors, which were associated with significantly enriched circadian gene ontology (GO) categories. RESULTS As a result, we identified 93 transcriptional circadian regulators in mouse and 95 transcriptional circadian regulators in rat. Of these, 19 regulators in mouse and 21 regulators in rat were known, whereas the rest were novel. Furthermore, we validated novel circadian TFs with bioinformatics databases, previous large-scale circadian studies, and related small-scale studies. Moreover, according to predictions inferred from ChIP-Seq experiments reported in the database, 40 of our candidate circadian regulators were confirmed to have circadian genes as direct regulatory targets. In addition, we annotated candidate circadian regulators with disorders that were often associated with disruptions of circadian rhythm in the literature. CONCLUSION In summary, our computational analysis, which was followed by an extensive verification by means of a literature review, can contribute to translational study from endocrinology to cancer research and provide insights for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simak
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Wu E, Zhang T, Tan C, Peng C, Chisti Y, Wang Q, Gong J. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea together with swinging exercise synergistically ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1937-1950. [PMID: 31273522 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Theabrownin (TB)-containing Pu-erh tea has been shown to be hypolipidemic in rats fed a high-fat diet. Physical exercise such as swinging is also known to reduce obesity. We hypothesized that TB in combination with swinging can synergistically ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in rats with metabolic syndrome. METHODS TB, rosiglitazone, or lovastatin (controls) was administered by gavage to rats fed a diet high in fat, sugar, and salt. A subgroup of the rats was subjected to a 30-min daily swinging exercise regimen, whereas the other rats did not exercise. RESULTS Theabrownin in combination with swinging was found to significantly improve serum lipid status and prevent development of obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Liver transcriptomics data suggested that theabrownin activated circadian rhythm, protein kinase A, the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling pathways by enhancing cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and, hence, accelerating nutrient metabolism and the consumption of sugar and fat. The serum dopamine levels in rats increased significantly after exercise. In parallel work, intraperitoneal dopamine injections were shown to significantly reduce weight gain and prevent the elevation in triglyceride levels that would otherwise be induced by the high fat-sugar-salt diet. Theabrownin prevented obesity and insulin resistance mainly by affecting the circadian rhythm, while swinging exercise stimulated the overproduction of dopamine to accelerate metabolism of glucose and lipid. CONCLUSIONS Theabrownin and exercise synergistically ameliorated metabolic syndrome in rats and effectively prevented obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunxiu Peng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Qiuping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jiashun Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilong Tan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Hodge BA, Zhang X, Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Cao Y, Hammers DW, Yao Z, Wolff CA, Du P, Kemler D, Judge AR, Esser KA. MYOD1 functions as a clock amplifier as well as a critical co-factor for downstream circadian gene expression in muscle. eLife 2019; 8:e43017. [PMID: 30789342 PMCID: PMC6398978 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we show that the master myogenic regulatory factor, MYOD1, is a positive modulator of molecular clock amplitude and functions with the core clock factors for expression of clock-controlled genes in skeletal muscle. We demonstrate that MYOD1 directly regulates the expression and circadian amplitude of the positive core clock factor Bmal1. We identify a non-canonical E-box element in Bmal1 and demonstrate that is required for full MYOD1-responsiveness. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrate that MYOD1 colocalizes with both BMAL1 and CLOCK throughout myonuclei. We demonstrate that MYOD1 and BMAL1:CLOCK work in a synergistic fashion through a tandem E-box to regulate the expression and amplitude of the muscle specific clock-controlled gene, Titin-cap (Tcap). In conclusion, these findings reveal mechanistic roles for the muscle specific transcription factor MYOD1 in the regulation of molecular clock amplitude as well as synergistic regulation of clock-controlled genes in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Hodge
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | | | - Yi Cao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyGenentech IncSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - David W Hammers
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleUnited States
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Denise Kemler
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of Florida Health Science CenterGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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21
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Park WH, Kang S, Lee HK, Salihovic S, Bavel BV, Lind PM, Pak YK, Lind L. Relationships between serum-induced AhR bioactivity or mitochondrial inhibition and circulating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9383. [PMID: 28839207 PMCID: PMC5571204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to elevated serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, it is not clear which specific POPs contribute to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent bioactivity or inhibit mitochondrial function in human subjects. Here, we measured the cumulative bioactivity of AhR ligand mixture (AhR bioactivity) and the effects on mitochondrial function (ATP concentration) in recombinant Hepa1c1c7 cells incubated with raw serum samples obtained from 911 elderly subjects in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Plasma concentrations of 30 POPs and plastic chemicals have previously been determined in the same PIVUS subjects. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that total toxic equivalence (TEQ) values and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly correlated with AhR bioactivity (positively) and ATP concentration (negatively). Serum AhR bioactivities were positively associated with some PCBs, regardless of their dioxin-like properties, but only dioxin-like PCBs stimulated AhR bioactivity. By contrast, PCBs mediated a reduction in ATP content independently of their dioxin-like properties. This study suggests that AhR bioactivity and ATP concentrations in serum-treated cells may be valuable surrogate biomarkers of POP exposure and could be useful for the estimation of the effects of POPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, 01830, Korea
| | - Samira Salihovic
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 05, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Using RNA sequencing to identify putative competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) potentially regulating fat metabolism in bovine liver. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6396. [PMID: 28743867 PMCID: PMC5527063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing has been extensively used to study specific gene expression patterns to discover potential key genes related to complex traits of interest in animals. Of note, a new regulatory mechanism builds a large-scale regulatory network among transcriptome, where lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to sponge miRNAs to regulate the expression of miRNA target genes post-transcriptionally. In this study, we sequenced the cDNA and sRNA libraries of nine liver samples from three Holstein cows during dry period, early lactation, and peak of lactation with HiSeq platform. As a result, we identified 665 genes, 57 miRNAs and 33 lncRNAs that displayed differential expression patterns across periods. Subsequently, a total of 41ceRNA pairs (lncRNA-mRNA) sharing 11 miRNAs were constructed including 30 differentially expressed genes. Importantly, 12 among them were presented in our large metabolic networks, and predicted to influence the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, thus, these genes were considered as the most promising candidates for milk fat formation. To our knowledge, this is first investigation to profile the ceRNA regulatory networks of liver transcriptome that could affect milk fat synthesis in bovine, providing a new view of the regulatory mechanism of RNAs.
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23
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Scott Kiss R, Sniderman A. Shunts, channels and lipoprotein endosomal traffic: a new model of cholesterol homeostasis in the hepatocyte. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:95-107. [PMID: 28808191 PMCID: PMC5445212 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver directs cholesterol metabolism in the organism. All the major fluxes of cholesterol within the body involve the liver: dietary cholesterol is directed to the liver; cholesterol from peripheral cells goes to the liver; the liver is a major site of cholesterol synthesis for the organism; cholesterol is secreted from the liver within the bile, within apoB lipoproteins and translocated to nascent HDL. The conventional model of cholesterol homeostasis posits that cholesterol from any source enters a common, rapidly exchangeable pool within the cell, which is in equilibrium with a regulatory pool. Increased influx of cholesterol leads rapidly to decreased synthesis of cholesterol. This model was developed based on in vitro studies in the fibroblast and validated only for LDL particles. The challenges the liver must meet in vivo to achieve cholesterol homeostasis are far more complex. Our model posits that the cholesterol derived from three different lipoproteins endosomes has three different fates: LDL-derived cholesterol is largely recycled within VLDL with most of the cholesterol shunted through the hepatocyte without entering the exchangeable pool of cholesterol; high density lipoprotein-derived CE is transcytosed into bile; and chylomicron remnant-derived cholesterol primarily enters the regulatory pool within the hepatocyte. These endosomal channels represent distinct physiological pathways and hepatic homeostasis represents the net result of the outcomes of these distinct channels. Our model takes into account the distinct physiological challenges the hepatocyte must meet, underlie the pathophysiology of many of the apoB dyslipoproteinemias and account for the sustained effectiveness of therapeutic agents such as statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Scott Kiss
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Allan Sniderman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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24
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Mazzoccoli G, Rubino R, Tiberio C, Giuliani F, Vinciguerra M, Oben J, De Cata A, Tarquini R, De Cosmo S, Liu S, Cai Y. Clock gene expression in human and mouse hepatic models shows similar periodicity but different dynamics of variation. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:181-90. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1132722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Persons JE, Robinson JG, Coryell WH, Payne ME, Fiedorowicz JG. Longitudinal study of low serum LDL cholesterol and depressive symptom onset in postmenopause. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:212-20. [PMID: 26930520 PMCID: PMC4906804 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and subsequent depressive symptoms onset in postmenopausal women. We secondarily assessed serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. METHOD This population-based prospective cohort study utilizes data from 24,216 women between 50 and 79 years of age who were participants of the Women's Health Initiative, which originally ran from 1993 to 2005 and has since incorporated 2 extension studies, with the most recent culminating in 2015. Fasting lipids were measured for all participants at baseline and for a subset through 6 years of follow-up. Depressive symptoms were characterized using the Burnam 8-item scale for depressive disorders (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression/Diagnostic Interview Schedule short form) at baseline and during follow-up, using a cut point of 0.06 to indicate presence of depressive symptoms. RESULTS The lowest quintile of LDL-c was associated with an increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.49, P = .01), and follow-up analyses demonstrated that the elevated risk appeared to be confined to the lowest decile (LDL-c < 100 mg/dL). Further, this elevated risk was moderated by lipid-lowering drug treatment. Elevated risk was demonstrated among those who reported no lipid-lowering medication use (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03-1.47, P = .02), but not among those reporting use (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.18-2.29, P = .50). CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women, untreated serum LDL-c below 100 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. No excess risk was observed in those attaining LDL-c < 100 mg/dL with lipid-lowering therapy. These findings have important implications for risk assessment, treatment considerations, and mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- The University of Iowa, Department of Epidemiology, 145 N Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA 52246
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26
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Lee J, Chun SK, Son GH, Kim K. Sumoylation of Hes6 Regulates Protein Degradation and Hes1-Mediated Transcription. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:381-8. [PMID: 26435136 PMCID: PMC4595364 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.3.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hes6 is a transcriptional regulator that induces transcriptional activation by binding to transcription repressor Hes1 and suppressing its activity. Hes6 is controlled by the ubiquitin-proteosome-mediated degradation system. Here we investigated the sumoylation of Hes6 and its functional role in its rhythmic expression. METHODS Hes6, SUMO, and ubiquitin were transfected into HeLa cells and the expression pattern was observed by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. To confirm the effect of sumoylation on the rhythmic expression of Hes6, we generated mouse Hes6 promoter-driven GFP-Hes6 fusion constructs and expressed these constructs in NIH 3T3 cells. RESULTS Overexpression of SUMO led to sumoylation of Hes6 at both lysine 27 and 30. Protein stability of Hes6 was decreased by sumoylation. Moreover, expression of a Hes6 sumoylation-defective mutant, the 2KR (K27/30R) mutant, or co-expression of SUMO protease SUSP1 with native Hes6, strongly reduced ubiquitination. In addition, sumoylation was associated with both the rhythmic expression and transcriptional regulation of Hes6. Wild type Hes6 showed oscillatory expression with about 2-hour periodicity, whereas the 2KR mutant displayed a longer period. Furthermore, sumoylation of Hes6 derepressed Hes1-induced transcriptional repression. CONCLUSION Hes6 sumoylation plays an important role in the regulation of its stability and Hes1-mediated transcription. These results suggest that sumoylation may be crucial for rhythmic expression of Hes6 and downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kook Chun
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
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27
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Nam SM, Kim YN, Kim JW, Kyeong DS, Lee SH, Son Y, Shin JH, Kim J, Yi SS, Yoon YS, Seong JK. Hairy and Enhancer of Split 6 (Hes6) Deficiency in Mouse Impairs Neuroblast Differentiation in Dentate Gyrus Without Affecting Cell Proliferation and Integration into Mature Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:57-67. [PMID: 26105991 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hes6 is a member of the hairy-enhancer of split homolog (Hes) family of transcription factors and interacts with other Hes family genes. During development, Hes genes are expressed in neural stem cells and progenitor cells. However, the role of Hes6 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of Hes6 on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, by comparing Hes6 knockout and wild-type mice. To this end, we immunostained for markers of neural stem cells and progenitor cells (nestin), proliferating cells (Ki67), post-mitotic neuroblasts and immature neurons (doublecortin, DCX), mature neuronal cells (NeuN), and astrocyte (S100β). We also injected 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to trace the fate of mitotic cells. Nestin- and Ki67-positive proliferating cells did now show any significant differences between wild and knockout groups. Hes6 knockout negatively affects neuroblast differentiation based on DCX immunohistochemistry. On the contrary, the ratio of the BrdU and NeuN double-positive cells did not show any significance, even though it was slightly higher in the knockout group. These results suggest that Hes6 is involved in the regulation of neuroblast differentiation during adult neurogenesis, but does not influence integration into mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Kyeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Yeri Son
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 336-745, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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28
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Su YX, Hou CC, Yang WX. Control of hair cell development by molecular pathways involving Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5. Gene 2014; 558:6-24. [PMID: 25550047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5 are crucial for normal inner ear hair cell development. They regulate the expression of each other in a complex network, while they also interact with many other genes and pathways, such as Notch, FGF, SHH, WNT, BMP and RA. This paper summarized molecular pathways that involve Atoh1, Hes1, and Hes5. Some of the pathways and gene regulation mechanisms discussed here were studied in other tissues, yet they might inspire studies in inner ear hair cell development. Thereby, we presented a complex regulatory network involving these three genes, which might be crucial for proliferation and differentiation of inner ear hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xun Su
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong-Cong Hou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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29
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Han DH, Lee YJ, Kim K, Kim CJ, Cho S. Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor induction properties by core circadian clock proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:170-80. [PMID: 24378737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) plays important roles in diverse physiological processes including metabolism and immune functions. While circadian control of GC synthesis and secretion is relatively well appreciated, circadian control of GC action within target tissues remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CLOCK/BMAL1, the core circadian clock components, reduces maximal GR transactivation (A(max)) as well as efficacy (EC₅₀) by a novel mechanism that requires binding to DNA and transactivation of target genes. Accordingly, we observe that PER1 and CRY1, the primary targets of CLOCK/BMAL1 action, reduce maximal GR transactivation while not affecting the efficacy. Moreover, we observe hyper-activations of GRE-dependent transcription in BMAL1- or PERs-deficient MEFs. In addition, endogenous GC target genes expression negatively correlates with the CLOCK/BMAL1 activity. Considering that GC sensitivity is widely implicated in human health and diseases, these results provide valuable insights into plethora of GC-related physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Han
- Department of Neuroscience & Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Neuroscience & Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyung Cho
- Department of Neuroscience & Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zheng L, Ehardt L, McAlpin B, About I, Kim D, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. The tick tock of odontogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:83-9. [PMID: 24582863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although a big deal of dental research is being focused to the understanding of early stages of tooth development, a huge gap exist on our knowledge on how the dental hard tissues are formed and how this process is controlled daily in order to produce very complex and diverse tooth shapes adapted for specific functions. Emerging evidence suggests that clock genes, a family of genes that controls circadian functions within our bodies, regulate also dental mineralized tissues formation. Enamel formation, for example, is subjected to rhythmical molecular signals that occur on short (24h) periods and control the secretion and maturation of the enamel matrix. Accordingly, gene expression and ameloblast functions are also tightly modulated in regular daily intervals. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the circadian controls of dental mineralized tissues development with a special emphasis on amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Ehardt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Imad About
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Doohak Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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31
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Zhou P, Ross RA, Pywell CM, Liangpunsakul S, Duffield GE. Disturbances in the murine hepatic circadian clock in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3725. [PMID: 24430730 PMCID: PMC3893658 DOI: 10.1038/srep03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the circadian clock in the development of alcohol-induced fatty liver disease we examined livers of mice chronically alcohol-fed over 4-weeks that resulted in steatosis. Here we show time-of-day specific changes in expression of clock genes and clock-controlled genes, including those associated with lipid and bile acid regulation. Such changes were not observed following a 1-week alcohol treatment with no hepatic lipid accumulation. Real-time bioluminescence reporting of PERIOD2 protein expression suggests that these changes occur independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus pacemaker. Further, we find profound time-of-day specific changes to the rhythmic synthesis/accumulation of triglycerides, cholesterol and bile acid, and the NAD/NADH ratio, processes that are under clock control. These results highlight not only that the circadian timekeeping system is disturbed in the alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis state, but also that the effects of alcohol upon the clock itself may actually contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Ruth A Ross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Cameron M Pywell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 [2] Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Giles E Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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32
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Robles MS, Cox J, Mann M. In-vivo quantitative proteomics reveals a key contribution of post-transcriptional mechanisms to the circadian regulation of liver metabolism. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004047. [PMID: 24391516 PMCID: PMC3879213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that drive the rhythmic expression of a broad array of genes, orchestrating metabolism and physiology. Recent evidence indicates that post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play essential roles in modulating temporal gene expression for proper circadian function, particularly for the molecular mechanism of the clock. Due to technical limitations in large-scale, quantitative protein measurements, it remains unresolved to what extent the circadian clock regulates metabolism by driving rhythms of protein abundance. Therefore, we aimed to identify global circadian oscillations of the proteome in the mouse liver by applying in vivo SILAC mouse technology in combination with state of the art mass spectrometry. Among the 3000 proteins accurately quantified across two consecutive cycles, 6% showed circadian oscillations with a defined phase of expression. Interestingly, daily rhythms of one fifth of the liver proteins were not accompanied by changes at the transcript level. The oscillations of almost half of the cycling proteome were delayed by more than six hours with respect to the corresponding, rhythmic mRNA. Strikingly we observed that the length of the time lag between mRNA and protein cycles varies across the day. Our analysis revealed a high temporal coordination in the abundance of proteins involved in the same metabolic process, such as xenobiotic detoxification. Apart from liver specific metabolic pathways, we identified many other essential cellular processes in which protein levels are under circadian control, for instance vesicle trafficking and protein folding. Our large-scale proteomic analysis reveals thus that circadian post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms play a key role in the temporal orchestration of liver metabolism and physiology. The circadian clock is an evolutionary system that allows organisms to anticipate and thus adapt to daily changes in the environment. In mammals, the circadian clock is found in virtually every tissue regulating rhythms of metabolism and physiology. While a lot of studies have focused in how circadian clocks regulate gene expression little is known about daily control of protein abundance. Here we applied state of the art mass spectrometry in combination with quantitative proteomics to investigate global circadian oscillations of the proteome in the mouse liver. We found that approximately 6% of the liver proteins are cycling daily and interestingly the majority of these oscillations diverge from the behavior of their transcripts. Our data indicates that post-transcriptional mechanisms play an essential role in shaping the phase of rhythmic proteins downstream of transcription regulation to ultimately drive rhythms of metabolism. Moreover, the contribution of post-transcriptional regulation seems to differ among distinct metabolic pathways. Overall we not only found circadian oscillations in the abundance of proteins involved in liver specific metabolic pathways but also in essential cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Robles
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Cox
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Koh KH, Pan X, Shen HW, Arnold SLM, Yu AM, Gonzalez FJ, Isoherranen N, Jeong H. Altered expression of small heterodimer partner governs cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 induction during pregnancy in CYP2D6-humanized mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3105-13. [PMID: 24318876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrates of a major drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 display increased elimination during pregnancy, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown in part due to a lack of experimental models. Here, we introduce CYP2D6-humanized (Tg-CYP2D6) mice as an animal model where hepatic CYP2D6 expression is increased during pregnancy. In the mouse livers, expression of a known positive regulator of CYP2D6, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), did not change during pregnancy. However, HNF4α recruitment to CYP2D6 promoter increased at term pregnancy, accompanied by repressed expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP). In HepG2 cells, SHP repressed HNF4α transactivation of CYP2D6 promoter. In transgenic (Tg)-CYP2D6 mice, SHP knockdown led to a significant increase in CYP2D6 expression. Retinoic acid, an endogenous compound that induces SHP, exhibited decreased hepatic levels during pregnancy in Tg-CYP2D6 mice. Administration of all-trans-retinoic acid led to a significant decrease in the expression and activity of hepatic CYP2D6 in Tg-CYP2D6 mice. This study provides key insights into mechanisms underlying altered CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism during pregnancy, laying a foundation for improved drug therapy in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Hye Koh
- From the Department of Pharmacy Practice and
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