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Rempel AML, Persons JE, Bengtson K, Nashelsky MB. Causes of Death in the Presence of Law Enforcement in Johnson County, Iowa, 2011-2020. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:642-650. [PMID: 38574318 PMCID: PMC11079845 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine sudden and unexpected or trauma-related deaths that occurred in the presence of law enforcement in Johnson County, Iowa, between 2011 and 2020. Methods. We identified deaths in the presence of law enforcement using definitions from the National Association of Medical Examiners. We obtained data, including demographics, cause and manner of death, toxicology results, and circumstances and location of event leading to death, from comprehensive medical examiner investigative reports. Results. There were 165 deaths that occurred in the presence of law enforcement: 114 were from a known disease, and 51 were either trauma related or the sudden, unexpected initial presentation of a previously unrecognized disease. Three deaths occurred in the context of physical restraint by law enforcement. Suicide was the leading manner of death among trauma-related deaths; the means of suicide was predictable based on in-custody (hanging) or precustody (firearm) circumstances. Conclusions. Our findings highlight the potential role of medical examiners and coroners in improving completeness of data on reporting death in the presence of law enforcement to public health agencies. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(6):642-650. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307616).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M L Rempel
- Anne M. L. Rempel, Jane E. Persons, and Marcus B. Nashelsky are with the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City. Anne M. L. Rempel is also with the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, CA. Kate Bengtson and Marcus B. Nashelsky are also with the Johnson County, Iowa Medical Examiner Department, Iowa City
| | - Jane E Persons
- Anne M. L. Rempel, Jane E. Persons, and Marcus B. Nashelsky are with the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City. Anne M. L. Rempel is also with the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, CA. Kate Bengtson and Marcus B. Nashelsky are also with the Johnson County, Iowa Medical Examiner Department, Iowa City
| | - Kate Bengtson
- Anne M. L. Rempel, Jane E. Persons, and Marcus B. Nashelsky are with the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City. Anne M. L. Rempel is also with the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, CA. Kate Bengtson and Marcus B. Nashelsky are also with the Johnson County, Iowa Medical Examiner Department, Iowa City
| | - Marcus B Nashelsky
- Anne M. L. Rempel, Jane E. Persons, and Marcus B. Nashelsky are with the Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City. Anne M. L. Rempel is also with the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fresno, CA. Kate Bengtson and Marcus B. Nashelsky are also with the Johnson County, Iowa Medical Examiner Department, Iowa City
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Persons JE, Stauffer S. Fatal Vertebral Artery Dissection Following Self-Manipulation of the Cervical Spine. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024:00000433-990000000-00171. [PMID: 38497612 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cervical spine manipulation is a known risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. In this report, we present a case of fatal vertebral artery dissection that occurred as the result of self-manipulation of the cervical spine. The decedent was a 40-year-old man with no significant past medical history. He was observed to "crack his neck" while at work. Soon after, he began experiencing neck pain, then developed strokelike symptoms and became unresponsive. He was transported to a local medical center, where imaging showed bilateral vertebral artery dissection. His neurological status continued to decline, and brain death was pronounced several days later. An autopsy examination showed evidence of cerebellar and brainstem infarcts, herniation, and diffuse hypoxic-ischemic injury. A posterior neck dissection was performed to expose the vertebral arteries, which showed grossly visible hemorrhage and dilation. There was no evidence of traumatic injury to the bone or soft tissue of the head or neck. Bilateral dissection tracts were readily appreciated on microscopic examination. Death was attributed to self-manipulation of the neck, which in turn led to bilateral vertebral artery dissection, cerebellar and brainstem infarcts, herniation, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and ultimately brain death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- From the Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Chenoweth D, Syed H, Teferi N, Challa M, Persons JE, Eschbacher KL, Seblani M, Dlouhy BJ. Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2024; 7:CASE23638. [PMID: 38437672 PMCID: PMC10916846 DOI: 10.3171/case23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group. OBSERVATIONS A 3-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of increasing head circumference, regression of developmental milestones, and speech delay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was notable for a large left hemispheric multiseptated mass with significant mass effect and midline shift that was treated with near-total resection. Histological and molecular assessment demonstrated a glioneuronal tumor harboring an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion. By DNA methylation profiling, this tumor matched to a provisional methylation class known as "glioneuronal tumor kinase-fused" (GNT kinase-fused). The patient was later started on targeted therapy with larotrectinib. LESSONS This is the first report of an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion in a pediatric GNT. GNT kinase-fused is a provisional methylation class not currently included in the WHO classification of CNS tumors. This case highlights the impact of thorough molecular characterization of CNS tumors, especially with the increasing availability of novel gene targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chenoweth
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hashim Syed
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nahom Teferi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Meron Challa
- 2Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jane E Persons
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kathryn L Eschbacher
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Maggie Seblani
- 4Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- 2Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- 5Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa
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Persons JE, Merrill AE. Ready, Set, Screen: The Role of the Clinical Laboratory in Eliminating Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Clin Chem 2024; 70:567-568. [PMID: 38431276 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Persons JE, Sipla JS. The cure for neurophobia: an approach for progressive mastery of medical neuroscience. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023:7192370. [PMID: 37290432 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Justin S Sipla
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Persons JE, Stauffer S. An Interesting Case of Severe Hyponatremia. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:116-117. [PMID: 36716412 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this report, we present an unusual and multifactorial case of severe hyponatremia with important clinical implications. The decedent was a 42-year-old woman who was discovered at her place of residence with altered mental status and profuse watery diarrhea. The scene was significant for numerous empty water bottles. She was transported to the emergency department of a local medical center and rapidly became obtunded. Imaging demonstrated cerebral edema with impending herniation. Serum chemistry was significant for severe hyponatremia (116 mEq/L) with decreased serum osmolality (245 mOsm/kg), suggestive of water overload. Over a brief course of hospitalization, she continued to deteriorate and brain death was pronounced. After brain death, she underwent organ donation. Subsequent autopsy examination demonstrated global cerebral edema with evidence of herniation. Toxicology examination of antemortem blood was positive for methamphetamine (1900 ng/mL) and amphetamine (100 ng/mL). An incidentally identified colon polyp was submitted for microscopic evaluation, which revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium , the likely cause of her diarrheal illness. Death was attributed to severe hyponatremia through the combined effects of excessive water consumption and loss of fluid and electrolytes from cryptosporidiosis, in turn leading to cerebral edema and brain herniation. Acute methamphetamine intoxication was a contributing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- From the Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Persons JE, Conway KS. Neuropathologic Features in Chronic Methamphetamine Use. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:77-82. [PMID: 36826228 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that exerts its euphoric and stimulant effects by increasing cytosolic monoamine concentration at the nerve terminal. In addition to its known systemic cardiovascular effects, there is compelling evidence to suggest a direct neurotoxic effect of methamphetamine; however, the existing body of literature includes very few human tissue studies. This exploratory analysis used postmortem human brain specimens to examine histologic and immunohistochemical features associated with chronic methamphetamine use. This retrospective cohort study included 60 decedents who were autopsied at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between the years 2015 and 2021. Logistic regression models demonstrated no definite pathologic changes in the hippocampi of individuals with a history of chronic methamphetamine use. Decedents with a history of methamphetamine use had a marginally increased odds of basal ganglia arteriosclerosis, which did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-19.2; P = 0.17), which may be independent of the systemic hypertensive effects of methamphetamine. Future studies that include targeted examination of brain regions of interest, such as the basal ganglia and specifically the striatum, may prove revealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- From the Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kyle S Conway
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Persons JE, Eschbacher KL. A case of dedifferentiated meningeal solitary fibrous tumor. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:367-369. [PMID: 36749081 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kathryn L Eschbacher
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Persons JE, Lodder P, Coryell WH, Nurnberger JI, Fiedorowicz JG. Symptoms of mania and anxiety do not contribute to suicidal ideation or behavior in the presence of bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 2022; 307:114296. [PMID: 34852976 PMCID: PMC8724399 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is typified by episodes of manic/hypomanic and depressive symptoms, either distinctly or concurrently as mixed symptoms. While depressive symptoms are the major driver of risk, it is unclear whether specific combinations of manic and anxiety symptoms contribute differentially to suicidal ideation and behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder during a depressive state. This study uses a quantitative application of Rothman's theoretical framework of causation, or 'causal pies' model. Data were obtained from the National Network of Depression Centers Mood Outcomes Program for 1028 visits from 626 individuals with bipolar disorder with current moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, operationalized as a Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) score ≥10. Mania symptoms were captured using the Altman Self-Rating Mania scale (ASRM) and anxiety symptoms were captured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). The outcome of suicidal ideation or behavior was captured using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). In this cohort of individuals with bipolar disorder and at least moderate depressive symptoms, we found no increased risk of suicidal ideation or behavior attributable to manic and anxiety symptom clusters in individuals with bipolar disorder during depressive state. A small amount (4%) of risk was attributable to having severe depressive symptoms. These findings, however, may be influenced by limitations in sample size and measurement instruments. Future studies would benefit from larger samples and more rigorous assessments, including clinician-rated measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Paul Lodder
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherland
| | - William H Coryell
- Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Fiedorowicz JG, Persons JE, Assari S, Ostacher MJ, Goes FS, Nurnberger JI, Coryell WH. Moderators of the association between depressive, manic, and mixed mood symptoms and suicidal ideation and behavior: An analysis of the National Network of Depression Centers Mood Outcomes Program. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:623-630. [PMID: 33234283 PMCID: PMC7855874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not been established that suicide risk with mixed symptoms is any greater than the depressive component or if there is synergy between depressive and manic symptoms in conveying suicide risk. METHODS The National Network of Depression Centers Mood Outcomes Program collected data from measurement-based care for 17,179 visits from 6,105 unique individuals with clinically diagnosed mood disorders (998 bipolar disorder, 5,117 major depression). The Patient Health Questionaire-8 (PHQ-8) captured depressive symptoms and the Altman Self-Rating Mania scale (ASRM) measured hypomanic/manic symptoms. Generalized linear mixed models assessed associations between depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, and their interaction (to test for synergistic effects of mixed symptoms) on the primary outcome of suicidal ideation or behavior (secondarily suicidal behavior only) from the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Moderation was assessed. RESULTS PHQ-8 scores were strongly associated with suicide-related outcomes across diagnoses. ASRM scores showed no association with suicidal ideation/behavior in bipolar disorder and an inverse association in major depression. There was no evidence of synergy between depressive and manic symptoms. There was no moderation by sex, race, or mood disorder polarity. Those over 55 years of age showed a protective effect of manic symptoms, which was lost when depressive symptoms were also present (mixed symptoms). DISCUSSION Mixed depressive and manic symptoms convey no excess risk of suicidal ideation or behavior beyond the risk conveyed by the depressive symptoms alone. Depressive symptoms are strongly linked to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior and represent an important and potentially modifiable risk factor for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jane E. Persons
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine Charles R, Drew University, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael J. Ostacher
- Bipolar Disorder & Depression Research Program VA Palo Alto Health System, Palo Alto, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide is an ongoing public health problem in the United States. The purpose of this epidemiologic investigation was to characterize and identify populations at risk of suicide, which in turn may lead to targeted intervention and improvements in suicide prevention. STUDY DESIGN This is a descriptive analysis of 657 suicide decedents autopsied by the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 7/1/2003 and 6/30/2018 (180 months, 15 years). METHODS Data were obtained via autopsy report abstraction. Chi-squared tests were used for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for continuous variables. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9.3. RESULTS Decedents were primarily white (88.2%) and male (75.7%). Average age was 43 years. Suicides were more likely to occur at a residence (69.3%), earlier in the week, and in the late night to early morning hours. Suicides were most likely to occur in spring and least likely to occur in winter. The most common method was a firearm (44.6%), most often a handgun (61.3% of firearm suicides). Less than one-half (42.8%) of decedents communicated intent to end their life. Approximately one-quarter (22.1%) of suicides were without a known identified life stressor or a known inciting event, a phenomenon that was markedly more common among men. CONCLUSIONS More than one-half of decedents left no communication of intent to commit suicide, and one-quarter-more commonly men-had no known life stressor or other specifically identified motivating factor. While women were more likely to have a known mental health condition, prior contact with mental health care, or prior suicidal behavior, we found that, statistically speaking, the typical profile of a completed suicide is a white male who used a firearm in his place of residence. Future studies should seek to further elucidate factors leading to suicide in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Persons
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States; Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
| | - M M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - M B Nashelsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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Schmitz SL, Abosi OJ, Persons JE, Sinkey CA, Fiedorowicz JG. Impact of Mood on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Bipolar Disorder. Heart Mind (Mumbai) 2019; 2:78-84. [PMID: 31650094 DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research in bipolar disorder demonstrates greater than expected vascular dysfunction later in the course of illness, proportionate to the cumulative burden of mood symptoms. However, little is known about the effect of acute mood states on vascular function. Here we examine the relation between vascular function and mood state in individuals with bipolar disorder. Method This prospective study followed 40 individuals with bipolar disorder for up to 6 months. Participants were assessed for mood state and vascular function at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 months. Mood state was determined using clinician-administered Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. Vascular function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, forearm vascular resistance (FVR), and arterial stiffness. Results Participants had a mean age of 30.1 years and 75% were male. Primary outcome measures FMD and nitroglycerine-mediated dilation were not found to have statistically significant associations with depressive or manic symptoms. In unadjusted models, higher manic symptoms were significantly associated with increased FVR nitroprusside-mediated dilation and diastolic blood pressure. In adjusted models, higher depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increases in augmentation index adjusted for heart rate of 75 bpm, and higher manic symptoms remained associated with increases in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion FMD may have limited sensitivity as a biomarker for measuring short-term effects of mood state. Longer-term prospective studies are needed to clarify the temporal relation between chronic mood symptoms and vascular function in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Oluchi J Abosi
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Jane E Persons
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Christine A Sinkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Obesity Research and Education Initiative The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
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Persons JE, Pierce GL, Fiedorowicz JG. Anxiety, C-reactive protein, and obesity in NHANES 1999-2004. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02267. [PMID: 31463391 PMCID: PMC6709061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory marker C-reactive protein has been linked to anxiety across a number of studies. This paper uses data for 1,439 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 to examine the association between anxiety and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the potential for moderation by body mass index. No association was found between anxiety or depression and CRP in unadjusted or multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, nor was there evidence of moderation by continuous BMI, BMI class, or obesity. Future studies on the relationship between anxiety and CRP should utilize larger general population samples or populations with a high prevalence of anxiety. There is also a need for prospective studies in this area to better discern the temporal relationships between anxiety and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, United States.,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, United States.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, United States
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, United States.,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, United States.,Iowa Neurosciences Institute, United States.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Fiedorowicz JG, Persons JE, Assari S, Ostacher MJ, Zandi P, Wang PW, Thase ME, Frye MA, Coryell W. Depressive symptoms carry an increased risk for suicidal ideation and behavior in bipolar disorder without any additional contribution of mixed symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:775-782. [PMID: 30623823 PMCID: PMC6914253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the risk of suicidal ideation or behavior during mixed states exceeds that attributable to the depressive components of these states alone in bipolar disorder. METHODS We utilized real-world, longitudinal clinical data collected on 290 patients with bipolar disorders (bipolar I, bipolar II, and bipolar not otherwise specified (NOS)) from the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) Clinical Care Registry (CCR) seen for 891 visits over a mean of 27.5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), manic symptoms with the Altman Self-Rating Mania (ASRM), and suicidal ideation and behavior with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), obtained as part of the routine, measurement-based care provided across the NNDC. The relations between depressive symptoms, manic symptoms, and the interaction thereof (mixed symptoms) on coinciding suicidal ideation and behavior were modeled in generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, as measured by the PHQ-9, were strongly associated with suicidal ideation and behavior (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant association with manic symptoms as measured by the ASRM or the interaction between depressive and manic symptoms. Similar results were observed when the outcome was restricted to suicidal behavior and when mood was modeled categorically. There was evidence of a gender by ASRM interaction (p = 0.011) and risk of suicidal ideation or behavior was significant for women, but not men with manic symptoms. LIMITATIONS Diagnoses were based on clinician assessment and not structured interview. Mood assessments were self-reported rather than clinician-administered. Suicidal ideation was more frequently observed than suicidal behavior (23/272 visits where outcome positive). CONCLUSIONS Depression represents the primary mood state accounting for suicide risk in bipolar disorder. Co-occurring symptoms of mania (mixed symptoms) do not appear to convey an elevated risk for suicidal ideation or behavior beyond that explained by the depressive symptoms alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, 4François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, 4François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jane E. Persons
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Michael J. Ostacher
- Bipolar Disorder & Depression Research Program, VA Palo Alto Health System, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Mental Health and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Po W. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Michael E. Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - William Coryell
- Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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15
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Persons JE, Coryell WH, Solomon DA, Keller MB, Endicott J, Fiedorowicz JG. Mixed state and suicide: Is the effect of mixed state on suicidal behavior more than the sum of its parts? Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:35-41. [PMID: 28833953 PMCID: PMC6237077 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether suicidal behavior during mixed states exceeds that expected from the manic or depressive components alone. METHODS This study included 429 participants with bipolar disorder from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS). Mood and suicidal behavior were captured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation and the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Suicidal behavior during each mood state, relative to euthymia, was analyzed using Cox regression to allow for repeated events, with a frailty term to account for intra-participant correlation. Mixed states were modeled as a depression-by-mania interaction. RESULTS Individuals with a history of mixed states were at higher risk of suicidal behavior and spent more time depressed, compared to subjects with no such history. In bipolar I disorder, risk increased during episodes of mania (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-2.99, P = .0019) and depression (HR: 5.49, 95% CI: 4.01-7.51, P < .0001) and there was a less than additive effect of mixed states. In bipolar II disorder, risk was increased during episodes of depression (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 2.51-5.35, P < .0001) and there was no excess risk during mixed states beyond that attributable to the depressed component. Most of the excess risk (71%) among those with a history of mixed states was attributable to a depression predominant course of illness. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with mixed states are at high risk of suicidal behavior, largely due to more time spent depressed. Clinicians should aggressively treat depression to mitigate suicide risk for patients with or without mixed states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William H. Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David A. Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.,UpToDate, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Martin B. Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jean Endicott
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,The Obesity Research and Education Initiative, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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16
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Persons JE, Robinson JG, Payne ME, Fiedorowicz JG. Serum lipid changes following the onset of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. Psychiatry Res 2017; 247:282-287. [PMID: 27940323 PMCID: PMC6004601 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional association between depression and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) has been noted in psychiatric literature, raising the question of temporality: does low LDL-c predict depression, does depression lead to changes in LDL-c levels, or is this relationship bidirectional? In a previous longitudinal analysis of postmenopausal women ages 50-79 who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we detected an association between low LDL-c and the subsequent onset of depressive symptoms (HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49, p=0.01). This current study uses the WHI cohort to explore the question of temporality in the opposite direction, examining the influence of depressive symptoms on subsequent changes in LDL-c levels. This study provides no evidence to suggest an association between depression and subsequent changes in LDL-c level (-2.78mg/dL, 95% CI=-7.49 to 1.92, p=0.25), nor was any association detected for total cholesterol, HDL, or triglyceride changes over time. Further, this study demonstrates that the relationship between depression and serum LDL changes is not mediated by changes in weight, exercise, or energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martha E. Payne
- Office of Research Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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17
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Persons JE, Fiedorowicz JG. Depression and serum low-density lipoprotein: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:55-67. [PMID: 27466743 PMCID: PMC6201299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cross-sectional association between depression and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been noted in the literature. This study aims to employ meta-analytic techniques to clarify the relationship between depression and serum LDL. METHODS Published articles through April 2015 were identified through systematic query of PubMed with follow-up manual searches. Data from 36 studies reporting mean difference and 7 studies reporting odds ratios were analyzed separately. RESULTS Meta-analysis of studies modeling serum LDL as a continuous measure demonstrates overall significantly lower serum LDL in depression (Mean difference=-4.29, 95% CI=-8.19, -0.40, p=0.03). Meta-analysis of studies modeling serum LDL as a categorical measure demonstrates a marginally significant lower odds of depression in the presence of low serum LDL relative to high serum LDL (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.80, 1.01, p=0.08). LIMITATIONS High heterogeneity was noted across sampled studies, which may be a function of variations in study design, participants sampled, or other factors. The potential for publication bias was also assessed. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates a cross-sectional link between depression and low serum LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Corresponding author (Jane E. Persons):
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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18
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Persons JE, Robinson JG, Coryell WH, Payne ME, Fiedorowicz JG. Longitudinal study of low serum LDL cholesterol and depressive symptom onset in postmenopause. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:212-20. [PMID: 26930520 PMCID: PMC4906804 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and subsequent depressive symptoms onset in postmenopausal women. We secondarily assessed serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. METHOD This population-based prospective cohort study utilizes data from 24,216 women between 50 and 79 years of age who were participants of the Women's Health Initiative, which originally ran from 1993 to 2005 and has since incorporated 2 extension studies, with the most recent culminating in 2015. Fasting lipids were measured for all participants at baseline and for a subset through 6 years of follow-up. Depressive symptoms were characterized using the Burnam 8-item scale for depressive disorders (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression/Diagnostic Interview Schedule short form) at baseline and during follow-up, using a cut point of 0.06 to indicate presence of depressive symptoms. RESULTS The lowest quintile of LDL-c was associated with an increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05-1.49, P = .01), and follow-up analyses demonstrated that the elevated risk appeared to be confined to the lowest decile (LDL-c < 100 mg/dL). Further, this elevated risk was moderated by lipid-lowering drug treatment. Elevated risk was demonstrated among those who reported no lipid-lowering medication use (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03-1.47, P = .02), but not among those reporting use (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.18-2.29, P = .50). CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women, untreated serum LDL-c below 100 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. No excess risk was observed in those attaining LDL-c < 100 mg/dL with lipid-lowering therapy. These findings have important implications for risk assessment, treatment considerations, and mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- The University of Iowa, Department of Epidemiology, 145 N Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA 52246
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19
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Fiedorowicz JG, Andersen LE, Persons JE, Calarge C. Rapid adipose deposition with mood disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2015; 27:283-8. [PMID: 26554369 PMCID: PMC4696501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with bipolar disorder represent a high-risk group for obesity, but little is known about the time course by which weight gain occurs in bipolar disorder. METHODS We prospectively studied changes in fat distribution using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in relationship to medication exposure and mood symptom burden in 36 participants with bipolar disorder. We assessed the relationship between prior medication exposure and course of illness with adiposity measures at baseline (N = 36) and at 6-month follow-up (N = 22). RESULTS At baseline, greater adiposity was associated with advanced age and female sex, not retrospectively assessed symptom course or medication exposure (past 2 years). Over 6 months of prospective follow-up, participants developed greater adiposity (fat mass index +0.82 kg/m(²), P = .007; visceral fat area +8.6 cm(²), P = .02; total percent fat +1.6%, P = .02). Manic symptomatology, not antipsychotic exposure, was related to the increased adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Acute exacerbations of mood disorders appear to represent high-risk periods for adipose deposition. Obesity prevention efforts may be necessary during acute exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. E-mail:
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Persons JE, Robinson JG, Ammann EM, Coryell WH, Espeland MA, Harris WS, Manson JE, Fiedorowicz JG. Omega-3 fatty acid biomarkers and subsequent depressive symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:747-57. [PMID: 24338726 PMCID: PMC4048630 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between the omega-3 fatty acid content of red blood cell membranes (RBC), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and baseline and new-onset depressive symptoms in post-menopausal women. We secondarily sought to characterize the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depressive symptomatology. METHODS Study participants included 7086 members of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (aged 63-81 years) who had an assessment of RBC omega-3 fatty acid concentrations at the baseline screening visit. Depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up were characterized using the Burnam eight-item scale for depressive disorders (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale/Diagnostic Interview Schedule short form) and secondarily additionally inferred by antidepressant medication use. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models, our primary exposure, RBC DHA + EPA, was not related to depressive symptoms by any measure at baseline or follow-up, nor were RBC total omega-3, DHA, or EPA (all p > 0.2). In contrast, dietary intake of omega-3 was positively associated with depressive symptoms at baseline (adjusted odds ratio 1.082, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.166; p = 0.04 for dietary DHA + EPA and Burnam score ≥0.06), although this generally did not persist at follow-up. CONCLUSION No relationship between RBC omega-3 levels and subsequent depressive symptoms was evident, and associations between dietary omega-3 and depressive symptoms were variable. Biomarkers of omega-3 status do not appear to be related to risk of new depression in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric M. Ammann
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William H. Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William S. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD and Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, Virginia
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Persons JE, Coryell WH, Fiedorowicz JG. Cholesterol fractions, symptom burden, and suicide attempts in mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:1088-9. [PMID: 22789841 PMCID: PMC3871860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Persons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William H. Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, USA
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Abstract
Rats were housed in hanging cages and given ad lib access to food (control), approximately 20 g food/day (lean), or a palatable high-fat diet (fat). After body weights diverged, rats were transferred to activity wheels. When food access was reduced to 2 h/day, all control and lean rats displayed anticipatory activity (AA), while only two of eight fat rats anticipated the meals. Baseline activity levels and nonanticipatory wheel running were only marginally reduced in fat rats. In a second experiment, conducted entirely in activity wheels, rats were maintained on curtailed food or a high-fat diet until body weights diverged. Food access was then reduced to 2 h/day and the diets were reversed. Lean rats given restricted access to the high-fat diet gained weight and four of eight rats showed AA. Fat rats switched to chow lost weight and all eight rats displayed AA. The results indicate that body weight changes induced by diet manipulations result in a striking and rather selective reduction in the anticipation of daily meals. This effect is ascribed to a modulation of the output of a circadian pacemaker that entrains running-wheel activity to daily meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Persons
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1051
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