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Chenoweth D, Syed H, Teferi N, Challa M, Persons JE, Eschbacher KL, Seblani M, Dlouhy BJ. Rare variant of large pediatric glioneuronal tumor with novel MYO5A:: NTRK3 fusion: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2024; 7:CASE23638. [PMID: 38437672 PMCID: PMC10916846 DOI: 10.3171/case23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioneuronal tumors (GNTs) comprise a rare class of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with varying degrees of neuronal and glial differentiation that predominately affect children and young adults. Within the current 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, GNTs encompass 14 distinct tumor types. Recently, the use of whole-genome DNA methylation profiling has allowed more precise classification of this tumor group. OBSERVATIONS A 3-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of increasing head circumference, regression of developmental milestones, and speech delay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was notable for a large left hemispheric multiseptated mass with significant mass effect and midline shift that was treated with near-total resection. Histological and molecular assessment demonstrated a glioneuronal tumor harboring an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion. By DNA methylation profiling, this tumor matched to a provisional methylation class known as "glioneuronal tumor kinase-fused" (GNT kinase-fused). The patient was later started on targeted therapy with larotrectinib. LESSONS This is the first report of an MYO5A::NTRK3 fusion in a pediatric GNT. GNT kinase-fused is a provisional methylation class not currently included in the WHO classification of CNS tumors. This case highlights the impact of thorough molecular characterization of CNS tumors, especially with the increasing availability of novel gene targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chenoweth
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hashim Syed
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nahom Teferi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Meron Challa
- 2Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jane E Persons
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kathryn L Eschbacher
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Maggie Seblani
- 4Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- 2Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- 5Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, Iowa
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Donati M, Mansour B, Hagstrom M, Gerami P, Kazakov DV. Clinical, Morphological and Molecular Features of Spitz tumors. Cesk Patol 2024; 60:35-48. [PMID: 38697826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Spitz tumors represent a heterogeneous group of challenging melanocytic neoplasms, displaying a range of biological behaviors, spanning from benign lesions, Spitz nevi (SN) to Spitz melanomas (SM), with intermediate lesions in between known as atypical Spitz tumors (AST). They are histologically characterized by large epithelioid and/or spindled melanocytes arranged in fascicles or nests, often associated with characteristic epidermal hyperplasia and fibrovascular stromal changes. In the last decade, the detection of mutually exclusive structural rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases ROS1, ALK, NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, RET, MET, serine threonine kinases BRAF and MAP3K8, or HRAS mutation, led to a clinical, morphological and molecular based classification of Spitz tumors. The recognition of some reproducible histological features can help dermatopathologist in assessing these lesions and can provide clues to predict the underlying molecular driver. In this review, we will focus on clinical and morphological findings in molecular Spitz tumor subgroups.
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Nocini R, Sanna G, Trotolo A, Fior A, Brunelli M, Manfrin E, Favero V. Secretory carcinoma of salivary glands with NTRK3 break-apart molecular rearrangement: Potential misdiagnosis with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 124:101635. [PMID: 37709146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A woman presented a right submandibular gland lesion with cytologic diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Patient underwent sialoadenectomy en bloc with supraomohyoid neck dissection. Positivity for ETV6-NTRK3 genes fusion on surgical sample led to final diagnosis of secretory carcinoma (SC). Secretory carcinoma has been renamed by WHO in 2017 from mammary-analogue-secretory carcinoma (MASC). Only 649 have been reported until 2019. While cytologic alteration are shared with other neoplasms as the acinic cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement is pathognomonic of SC. Although usually indolent and with low-stage presentation, SC has higher rate of local recurrences and nodal involvement than ACC. Surgical treatment represent the gold standard. Real prevalence of SC is probably underestimated due to the recent WHO 2017 reclassification. While cytologic analysis does not allow to discriminate SC from other malignancies, chromosomal examination is recommended. When low-grade SC is diagnosed, complete surgical resection assures good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocini
- Head and Neck Department, Division of Otolaringology, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro.10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Sanna
- Head and Neck Department, Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trotolo
- Head and Neck Department, Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Andrea Fior
- Head and Neck Department, Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Erminia Manfrin
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vittorio Favero
- Head and Neck Department, Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro. 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
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Romanko AA, Mulkidjan RS, Tiurin VI, Saitova ES, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Krivosheyeva EA, Mitiushkina NV, Shestakova AD, Belogubova EV, Ivantsov AO, Iyevleva AG, Imyanitov EN. Cost-Efficient Detection of NTRK1/2/3 Gene Fusions: Single-Center Analysis of 8075 Tumor Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14203. [PMID: 37762506 PMCID: PMC10531831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 rearrangements result in increased expression of the kinase portion of the involved gene due to its fusion to an actively transcribed gene partner. Consequently, the analysis of 5'/3'-end expression imbalances is potentially capable of detecting the entire spectrum of NTRK gene fusions. Archival tumor specimens obtained from 8075 patients were subjected to manual dissection of tumor cells, DNA/RNA isolation, and cDNA synthesis. The 5'/3'-end expression imbalances in NTRK genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Further identification of gene rearrangements was performed by variant-specific PCR for 44 common NTRK fusions, and, whenever necessary, by RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). cDNA of sufficient quality was obtained in 7424/8075 (91.9%) tumors. NTRK rearrangements were detected in 7/6436 (0.1%) lung carcinomas, 11/137 (8.0%) pediatric tumors, and 13/851 (1.5%) adult non-lung malignancies. The highest incidence of NTRK translocations was observed in pediatric sarcomas (7/39, 17.9%). Increased frequency of NTRK fusions was seen in microsatellite-unstable colorectal tumors (6/48, 12.5%), salivary gland carcinomas (5/93, 5.4%), and sarcomas (7/143, 4.9%). None of the 1293 lung carcinomas with driver alterations in EGFR/ALK/ROS1/RET/MET oncogenes had NTRK 5'/3'-end expression imbalances. Variant-specific PCR was performed for 744 tumors with a normal 5'/3'-end expression ratio: there were no rearrangements in 172 EGFR/ALK/ROS1/RET/MET-negative lung cancers and 125 pediatric tumors, while NTRK3 fusions were detected in 2/447 (0.5%) non-lung adult malignancies. In conclusion, this study describes a diagnostic pipeline that can be used as a cost-efficient alternative to conventional methods of NTRK1-3 analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A. Romanko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Rimma S. Mulkidjan
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Vladislav I. Tiurin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Evgeniya S. Saitova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Elena V. Preobrazhenskaya
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Krivosheyeva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Natalia V. Mitiushkina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Anna D. Shestakova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Evgeniya V. Belogubova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Alexandr O. Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
| | - Aglaya G. Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St.-Petersburg, Russia (V.I.T.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St.-Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Mulkidjan RS, Saitova ES, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Asadulaeva KA, Bubnov MG, Otradnova EA, Terina DM, Shulga SS, Martynenko DE, Semina MV, Belogubova EV, Tiurin VI, Amankwah PS, Martianov AS, Imyanitov EN. ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1-3 Gene Fusions in Colorectal and Non-Colorectal Microsatellite-Unstable Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13610. [PMID: 37686416 PMCID: PMC10488195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of actionable gene rearrangements in tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI). The detection of translocations involved tests for 5'/3'-end expression imbalance, variant-specific PCR and RNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS). Gene fusions were detected in 58/471 (12.3%) colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), 4/69 (5.8%) gastric cancers (GCs) and 3/65 (4.6%) endometrial cancers (ECs) (ALK: 8; RET: 12; NTRK1: 24; NTRK2: 2; NTRK3: 19), while none of these alterations were observed in five cervical carcinomas (CCs), four pancreatic cancers (PanCs), three cholangiocarcinomas (ChCs) and two ovarian cancers (OCs). The highest frequency of gene rearrangements was seen in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type colorectal carcinomas (53/204 (26%)). Surprisingly, as many as 5/267 (1.9%) KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated CRCs also carried tyrosine kinase fusions. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of the fraction of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutated gene copies in kinase-rearranged tumors indicated that there was simultaneous co-occurrence of two activating events in cancer cells, but not genetic mosaicism. CRC patients aged above 50 years had a strikingly higher frequency of translocations as compared to younger subjects (56/365 (15.3%) vs. 2/106 (1.9%), p = 0.002), and this difference was particularly pronounced for tumors with normal KRAS/NRAS/BRAF status (52/150 (34.7%) vs. 1/54 (1.9%), p = 0.001). There were no instances of MSI in 56 non-colorectal tumors carrying ALK, ROS1, RET or NTRK1 rearrangements. An analysis of tyrosine kinase gene translocations is particularly feasible in KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type microsatellite-unstable CRCs, although other categories of tumors with MSI also demonstrate moderate occurrence of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma S. Mulkidjan
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Evgeniya S. Saitova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Elena V. Preobrazhenskaya
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Karimat A. Asadulaeva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Mikhail G. Bubnov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Otradnova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Darya M. Terina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Sofia S. Shulga
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Darya E. Martynenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Maria V. Semina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Evgeniya V. Belogubova
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Vladislav I. Tiurin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Priscilla S. Amankwah
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
| | - Aleksandr S. Martianov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (R.S.M.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Linscott MP, Markus H, Sennett M, Abendroth C, Yee NS. Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine as First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Ampullary Adenocarcinoma with a Novel R-Spondin2 RNA Fusion and NTRK3 Mutation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2326. [PMID: 37626821 PMCID: PMC10452745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that lacks standard systemic treatment. We describe a case of recurrent metastatic ampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary subtype treated with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment. This report also highlights the molecular profile of the ampullary adenocarcinoma and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This is a case of pancreaticobiliary ampullary adenocarcinoma in a 67-year-old woman who initially presented with painless jaundice. Endoscopic and imaging evaluation revealed biliary ductal dilation secondary to an ampullary mass. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ampullary adenocarcinoma of the pancreaticobiliary subtype. She underwent surgical resection of the tumor, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and capecitabine. The tumor subsequently recurred in the liver. She received palliative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, resulting in an objective tumor response for 14 months. Molecular profiling of the tumor and ctDNA revealed a novel MATN2-RSPO RNA fusion and a novel NTRK3 mutation, respectively. Our report suggests that long-term durable response can be achieved in metastatic pancreaticobiliary ampullary adenocarcinoma using nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Molecular profiling of the tumor identified a novel R-Spondin2 RNA fusion and NTRK3 mutation that can be potentially targeted for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryknoll P. Linscott
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.P.L.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Havell Markus
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.P.L.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mackenzie Sennett
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.P.L.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Catherine Abendroth
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Nelson S. Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Next-Generation Therapies Program, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Oskorbin IP, Ivanov AA, Smertina MA, Demidova IA, Boyarskikh UA, Kechin AA, Bakharev SY, Samuilenkova OV, Vihlyanov IV, Kushlinskii NE, Filipenko ML. Identification of Chimeric NTRK3 Genes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells by Analyzing the Imbalance of the Expression of 5' and 3' mRNA Fragments. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023:10.1007/s10517-023-05842-x. [PMID: 37477743 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The standard for detecting chimeric genes of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinases (NTRK) is next generation sequencing (NGS). However, this analysis is expensive and takes several days. As a rapid screening method for the detection of NTRK3-dependent papillary thyroid cancer, an analysis of the expression imbalance between 5' and 3' NTRK3 mRNA fragments was used (5'/3' RT-PCR). The reference method for detection of NTRK3 rearrangements was fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and the most frequent rearrangements in papillary thyroid cancer were tested using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Using 5'/3' RT-PCR, 18 samples of papillary thyroid cancer carrying chimeric transcripts of NTRK3 mRNA were detected. The sensitivity of the developed technique was 88.9% and specificity was 99.3%. Thus, a fast and cost-effective method of screening samples of papillary thyroid cancer in paraffin blocks is proposed with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Oskorbin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Ivanov
- Altai Regional Oncological Center, Barnaul, Russia
| | - M A Smertina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I A Demidova
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - U A Boyarskikh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Kechin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - N E Kushlinskii
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M L Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Wang Z, Wang J. Primary NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm of bone harboring an HMBOX1:: NTRK3 gene fusion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023. [PMID: 36740981 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) rearranged neoplasms occur either in the superficial or deep soft tissues of extremities or trunk. Occasionally, it arises in visceral organs. However, its occurrence as a primary osseous tumor has not been documented thus far. Herein, we describe a unique case of an NTRK rearranged neoplasm that presented as a primary bony lesion. The tumor occurred in a 21-year-old woman who presented with an increasing pain in the right lower extremity. Radiologic examinations revealed a destructive lytic lesion located in the lower portion of the right femur. Histologically, the tumor was composed of haphazard fascicles of monomorphic spindle cells displaying mild nuclear atypia and rare mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed focal staining of pan-TRK and S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed with the utilization of break-apart probes for NTRK1/NTRK2/NTRK3 genes. An NTRK3 rearrangement was identified. Subsequent next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed HMBOX1exon6::NTRK3exon 14 fusion. Our study illustrates, albeit extremely rare, that NTRK-rearranged neoplasms can arise as a primary bone lesion. In addition, we describe a novel HMBOX1::NTRK3 fusion that has not been documented before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Accortt E, Mirocha J, Zhang D, Kilpatrick SJ, Libermann T, Karumanchi SA. Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: biomarker discovery using plasma proteomics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)00016-9. [PMID: 36649818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders encompass a range of mental health disorders that occur during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum, affecting approximately 20% of women. Traditional risk factors, such as a history of depression and pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, are known. Their predictive utility, however, is not specific or sensitive enough to inform clinical decision-making or prevention strategies for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Better diagnostic and prognostic models are needed for early identification and referral to treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine if a panel of novel third-trimester plasma protein biomarkers in pregnant women can be used to identify those who have a high predisposed risk for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders within 3 months postpartum. STUDY DESIGN We studied 52 women (n=34 with a risk for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and n=18 controls) among whom mental health screening was conducted at 2 time points, namely in the third trimester and again at 3 months postdelivery. An elevated perinatal mood and anxiety disorder risk was identified by screening individuals with above-validated cutoffs for depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥12), anxiety (Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale ≥7), and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Events Scale >26) at both time points. Plasma samples collected in the third trimester were screened using the aptamer-based SomaLogic SomaScan proteomic assay technology to evaluate perinatal mood and anxiety disorder-associated changes in the expression of 1305 protein analytes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was conducted to highlight pathophysiological relationships between perinatal mood and anxiety disorder-specific proteins found to be significantly up- or down-regulated in all subjects with perinatal mood and anxiety disorder and in those with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and no preeclampsia. RESULTS From a panel of 53 significant perinatal mood and anxiety disorder-associated proteins, a unique 20-protein signature differentiated perinatal mood and anxiety disorder cases from controls in a principal component analysis (P<.05). This protein signature included NCAM1, NRCAM, and NTRK3 that converge around neuronal signaling pathways regulating axonal guidance, astrocyte differentiation, and maintenance of GABAergic neurons. Interestingly, when we restricted the analysis to subjects without preeclampsia, a 30-protein signature differentiated perinatal mood and anxiety disorder cases from all controls without overlap on the principal component analysis (P<.001). In the nonpreeclamptic perinatal mood and anxiety disorder group, we observed increased expression of proteins, such as CXCL11, CXCL6, MIC-B, and B2MG, which regulate leucocyte migration, inflammation, and immune function. CONCLUSION Participants with perinatal mood and anxiety disorders had a unique and distinct plasma protein signature that regulated a variety of neuronal signaling and proinflammatory pathways. Additional validation studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether some of these molecules can be used in conjunction with traditional risk factors for the early detection of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eynav Accortt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - James Mirocha
- Cedars-Sinai Biostatistics Core and Clinical & Translational Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah J Kilpatrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Towia Libermann
- Department of Medicine and Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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10
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Cappellesso R, Nicolè L, Del Fiore P, Barzon L, Sinigaglia A, Riccetti S, Franco R, Zito Marino F, Munari G, Zamuner C, Cavallin F, Sbaraglia M, Galuppini F, Bassetto F, Alaibac M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Piccin L, Benna C, Fassan M, Mocellin S, Dei Tos AP. TRK Protein Expression in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Is Not Caused by NTRK Fusions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315366. [PMID: 36499693 PMCID: PMC9737899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous malignant tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation, with a rapidly growing incidence rate, high risk of recurrence, and aggressive behavior. The available therapeutic options for advanced disease are limited and there is a pressing need for new treatments. Tumors harboring fusions involving one of the neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes are now actionable with targeted inhibitors. NTRK-fused genes have been identified in neuroendocrine tumors of other sites; thus, a series of 76 MCCs were firstly analyzed with pan-TRK immunohistochemistry and the positive ones with real-time RT-PCR, RNA-based NGS, and FISH to detect the eventual underlying gene fusion. Despite 34 MCCs showing pan-TRK expression, NTRK fusions were not found in any cases. As in other tumors with neural differentiation, TRK expression seems to be physiological and not caused by gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8217962
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Pathology, Angelo Hospital, 30174 Venice, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Fiore
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Riccetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giada Munari
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Franco Bassetto
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Vanna Chiarion-Sileni
- Melanoma Unit, Oncology 2 Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Melanoma Unit, Oncology 2 Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Spitz neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of melanocytic proliferations with a great variability in the histological characteristics and in the biological behavior. Thanks to recent discoveries, the morpho-molecular landscape of Spitz lineage is becoming clearer, with the identification of subtypes with recurrent features thus providing the basis for a more solid and precise tumor classification. Indeed, specific mutually exclusive driver molecular events, namely HRAS or MAP2K1 mutations, copy number gains of 11p, and fusions involving ALK, ROS, NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, MET, RET, MAP3K8, and BRAF genes, correlate with distinctive histological features. The accumulation of further molecular aberrations, instead, promotes the increasing malignant transformation of Spitz neoplasms. Thus, the detection of a driver genetic alteration can be achieved using the appropriate diagnostic tests chosen according to the histological characteristics of the lesion. This allows the recognition of subtypes with aggressive behavior requiring further molecular investigations. This review provides an update on the morpho-molecular correlations in Spitz neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Dal Pozzo
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8217962
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12
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Cappellesso R, Nozzoli F, Zito Marino F, Simi S, Castiglione F, De Giorgi V, Cota C, Senetta R, Scognamiglio G, Anniciello AM, Cesinaro AM, Mandalà M, Gianatti A, Valente MG, Valeri B, Sementa AR, Ricci C, Corti B, Roviello G, Dei Tos AP, Franco R, Massi D. NTRK Gene Fusion Detection in Atypical Spitz Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12332. [PMID: 34830218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Spitz tumors (AST) deviate from stereotypical Spitz nevi for one or more atypical features and are now regarded as an intermediate category of melanocytic tumors with uncertain malignant potential. Activating NTRK1/NTRK3 fusions elicit oncogenic events in Spitz lesions and are targetable with kinase inhibitors. However, their prevalence among ASTs and the optimal approach for their detection is yet to be determined. A series of 180 ASTs were screened with pan-TRK immunohistochemistry and the presence of NTRK fusions was confirmed using FISH, two different RNA-based NGS panels for solid tumors, and a specific real time RT-PCR panel. Overall, 26 ASTs showed pan-TRK immunostaining. NTRK1 fusions were detected in 15 of these cases showing cytoplasmic immunoreaction, whereas NTRK3 was detected in one case showing nuclear immunoreaction. Molecular tests resulted all positive in only two ASTs (included the NTRK3 translocated), RNA-based NGS and real time RT-PCR were both positive in three cases, and FISH and real time RT-PCR in another two cases. In seven ASTs NTRK1 fusions were detected only by FISH and in two cases only by real time RT-PCR. The frequency of NTRK fusions in ASTs is 9%, with a clear prevalence of NTRK1 compared to NTRK3 alterations. Pan-TRK immunohistochemistry is an excellent screening test. Confirmation of NTRK fusions may require the use of different molecular techniques.
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13
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Bollig-Fischer A, Bao B, Manning M, Dyson G, Michelhaugh SK, Mittal S, Bepler G, Mamdani H. Role of novel cancer gene SLITRK3 to activate NTRK3 in squamous cell lung cancer. Mol Biomed 2021; 2:26. [PMID: 35006496 PMCID: PMC8607376 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies that inhibit cancer-driving oncogenes has improved outcomes of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In contrast, patients diagnosed with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) suffer worse survival outcomes and lack effective targeted treatment options. Identification of molecular drivers of LUSC to support development of targeted treatments is urgently needed. Addressing this need, the current report introduces the novel cancer gene SLIT- and NTRK-like family member 3 (SLITRK3) and its role in activating the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3) in LUSC cells. Multiple genome-wide data sets from patient samples were produced by us or downloaded from public databases to analyze tumor gene copy number aberrations, mRNA expression and associated survival outcomes. An accompanying mechanistic study employed LUSC cell lines and multiple methods, including in situ immunofluorescence, sphere-formation assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of the CD133-positive cell fraction. Altogether, the results indicate that gene amplification and consequent high expression of SLITRK3 in LUSC is associated with worse outcomes and induces SLITRK3-dependent activation of NTRK3 to promote a cancer stem cell phenotype that is inhibited by existing NTRK-targeted inhibitors. Based on a recent literature search, this is the first report of a mechanistic role for SLITRK3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Bin Bao
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Morenci Manning
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Greg Dyson
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sharon K Michelhaugh
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Present Address: Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24104, USA
- Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Present Address: Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, 24104, USA
- Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hirva Mamdani
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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14
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Cui Y, Yin Y, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Han J, Xu B, Chen B, Xiao Z, Song H, Shi Y, Xue W, Ma X, Dai J. The Rotary Cell Culture System increases NTRK3 expression and promotes neuronal differentiation and migratory ability of neural stem cells cultured on collagen sponge. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:298. [PMID: 34020702 PMCID: PMC8139048 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, neural stem cell (NSC) therapy has shown promise for the treatment of many neurological diseases. Enhancing the quality of implanted cells and improving therapeutic efficacy are currently research hotspots. It has been reported that collagen sponge material provided sufficient room for cell growth in all directions and promoted the absorption of nutrients and removal of wastes. And also, the Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS), which mimics the microgravity environment, can be used to culture cells for tissue engineering. Materials and methods We performed the mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of NSCs cultured on the collagen sponge in the RCCS system. The luciferase assay and Western blot revealed a direct regulatory role between let-7i-5p and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (NTRK3; also called TrkC). And then, the neural differentiation markers Tuj1 and Map2 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. In the meantime, the migratory ability of NSCs was detected both in vitro and in spinal cord injury animals. Results In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of NTRK3 was elevated in NSCs cultured on collagen sponge in the RCCS system. Furthermore, increased NTRK3 expression was regulated by the downregulation of let-7i-5p. Compared to traditionally cultured NSCs, the NSCs cultured on collagen sponge in the RCCS system exhibited better neuronal differentiation and migratory ability, especially in the presence of NT-3. Conclusions As the biological properties and quality of transplanted cells are critical for therapeutic success, the RCCS system combined with the collagen sponge culture system shows promise for applications in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunlong Zou
- Orthopaedics Surgery Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- EHBIO gene technology, No. 46, Jiugulou Street, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Nanyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.
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15
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Padmanabhan Nair V, Liu H, Ciceri G, Jungverdorben J, Frishman G, Tchieu J, Cederquist GY, Rothenaigner I, Schorpp K, Klepper L, Walsh RM, Kim TW, Cornacchia D, Ruepp A, Mayer J, Hadian K, Frishman D, Studer L, Vincendeau M. Activation of HERV-K(HML-2) disrupts cortical patterning and neuronal differentiation by increasing NTRK3. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1566-1581.e8. [PMID: 33951478 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biological function and disease association of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are largely elusive. HERV-K(HML-2) has been associated with neurotoxicity, but there is no clear understanding of its role or mechanistic basis. We addressed the physiological functions of HERV-K(HML-2) in neuronal differentiation using CRISPR engineering to activate or repress its expression levels in a human-pluripotent-stem-cell-based system. We found that elevated HERV-K(HML-2) transcription is detrimental for the development and function of cortical neurons. These effects are cell-type-specific, as dopaminergic neurons are unaffected. Moreover, high HERV-K(HML-2) transcription alters cortical layer formation in forebrain organoids. HERV-K(HML-2) transcriptional activation leads to hyperactivation of NTRK3 expression and other neurodegeneration-related genes. Direct activation of NTRK3 phenotypically resembles HERV-K(HML-2) induction, and reducing NTRK3 levels in context of HERV-K(HML-2) induction restores cortical neuron differentiation. Hence, these findings unravel a cell-type-specific role for HERV-K(HML-2) in cortical neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hengyuan Liu
- Department of Genome-Oriented Bioinformatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Jungverdorben
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goar Frishman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jason Tchieu
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustav Y Cederquist
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Klepper
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Cornacchia
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Ruepp
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Mayer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Genome-Oriented Bioinformatics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Vincendeau
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Zhang Z, Yu Y, Zhang P, Ma G, Zhang M, Liang Y, Jiao W, Niu H. Identification of NTRK3 as a potential prognostic biomarker associated with tumor mutation burden and immune infiltration in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 33894748 PMCID: PMC8070296 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, immunotherapy has played a significant role in the treatment of BLCA. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been reported to be a powerful biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between TMB, prognosis and immune infiltration to identify the key genes in BLCA. Methods Clinical information, somatic mutation and gene expression data of BLCA patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients were divided into high and low TMB groups according to their calculated TMB scores. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen for significantly enriched pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified. Univariate Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied for screening key genes. Immune infiltration was performed for TMB groups and NTRK3. Results Higher TMB scores were related with poor survival in BLCA. After filtering, 36 DEGs were identified. NTRK3 had the highest hazard ratio and significant prognostic value. Co-expressed genes of NTRK3 were mainly involved in several pathways, including DNA replication, basal transcription factors, complement and coagulation cascades, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. There was a significant correlation among TMB scores, NTRK3 expression and immune infiltration. Conclusions Our results suggest that NTRK3 is a TMB-related prognostic biomarker, which lays the foundation for further research on the immunomodulatory effect of NTRK3 in BLCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08229-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China. .,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zou Q, Bai L, Tang G, Wang X, Cao G, Huang M, Xiang J, Yu H. Genome-wide analysis identifies critical DNA methylations within NTRKs genes in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:73. [PMID: 33593392 PMCID: PMC7885252 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinases (NTRKs) are a gene family function as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in distinct cancers. We aimed to investigate the methylation and expression profiles and prognostic value of NTRKs gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods An analysis of DNA methylation and expression profiles in CRC patients was performed to explore the critical methylations within NTRKs genes. The methylation marker was validated in a retrospectively collected cohort of 229 CRC patients and tested in other tumor types from TCGA. DNA methylation status was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). Results The profiles in six CRC cohorts showed that NTRKs gene promoter was more frequently methylated in CRC compared to normal mucosa, which was associated with suppressed gene expression. We identified a specific methylated region within NTRK3 promoter targeted by cg27034819 and cg11525479 that best predicted survival outcome in CRC. NTRK3 promoter methylation showed independently predictive value for survival outcome in the validation cohort (P = 0.004, HR 2.688, 95% CI [1.355, 5.333]). Based on this, a nomogram predicting survival outcome was developed with a C-index of 0.705. Furthermore, the addition of NTRK3 promoter methylation improved the performance of currently-used prognostic model (AIC: 516.49 vs 513.91; LR: 39.06 vs 43.64, P = 0.032). Finally, NTRK3 promoter methylation also predicted survival in other tumors, including pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Conclusions This study highlights the essential value of NTRK3 methylation in prognostic evaluation and the potential to improve current prognostic models in CRC and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Bai
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Tang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huichuan Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Abstract
The functions of non-coding RNA, including microRNA (miRNA), have attracted considerable attention in the field of oncology, In this report, we examined the roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-128-3p, as related to the biological behaviors of malignant melanoma (MM). We found that miR-128-3p was expressed in low levels in these MM cells and may serve as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as inducing apoptosis in these MM cells. Moreover, neurotrophin receptor 3 (NTRK3), which serves as an oncogene that can enhance malignant behaviors of MM cells, was up-regulated in MM cells. Our current survey disclosed a complementary binding between miR-128-3p and the NTRK3 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTR), while luciferase activities of NTRK3 3'-UTR were restrained by miR-128-3p in 293T cells. The effects of pre-miR-128-3p and sh-NTRK3 as well as anti-miR-128-3p and NTRK3(+) appeared to function synergistically in producing malignant progression. Moreover, there were possible to have counteracted effects for pre-miR-128-3p and NTRK3(+) in malignant progression. These findings established that miR-128-3p can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting carcinogenesis of the oncogene, NTRK3. Collectively, miR-128-3p and NTRK3 genes participate in modulating the malignant behavior of MM, and may represent new therapeutic targets for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhou
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Yamamoto H, Nozaki Y, Sugii A, Taguchi K, Hongo T, Jiromaru R, Sato M, Nakano T, Hashimoto K, Fujiwara M, Oda Y. Pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase immunoreactivity, ETV6- NTRK3 fusion subtypes, and RET rearrangement in salivary secretory carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2020; 109:37-44. [PMID: 33301751 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Salivary secretory carcinoma (SASC) is frequently associated with ETV6-neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) 3 fusion and more rarely with RET, MET, or ALK rearrangement. We aimed to elucidate the potential diagnostic utility of pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) immunohistochemistry and its relationship with the fusion gene subtype in SASC. We examined 33 cases of SASC for immunoexpression of pan-Trk, ALK and ROS1, and gene rearrangement of the ETV6, NTRK3, and RET genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thirty (90.9%) of 33 SASCs harbored ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene transcripts by RT-PCR and/or both ETV6 and NTRK3 gene rearrangements by FISH, and 3 cases (9.1%) had RET gene rearrangement. Most NTRK3-rearranged SASCs (27/33 cases; 81.8%) had conventional ETV6 exon 5-NTRK3 exon 15 fusion, whereas 2 cases (6.1%) had both the conventional fusion and a novel ETV6 exon 4-NTRK3 exon 15 fusion variant. In the remaining one case (3%), only FISH revealed both ETV6 and NTRK3 rearrangements, suggesting an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion with an as yet undetermined break point. All 30 SASCs with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion and/or NTRK3 rearrangement showed nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for pan-Trk. In contrast, 3 SASCs with RET rearrangement showed negative or only weak cytoplasmic staining for pan-Trk. There was no case harboring ALK and ROS1 rearrangements. All 17 non-SASC tumors were negative for pan-Trk. The results suggest that nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for pan-TRK may be helpful to identify ETV6-NTRK3-fused SASCs and to distinguish them from RET-rearranged SASCs and morphological mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan.
| | - Yui Nozaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Azusa Sugii
- Departments of Pathology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395 Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Departments of Pathology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395 Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Rina Jiromaru
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masanobu Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Minako Fujiwara
- Departments of Pathology, National Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, 810-8563 Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
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20
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Lee YC, Chen JY, Huang CJ, Chen HS, Yang AH, Hang JF. Detection of NTRK1/3 Rearrangements in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry, Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization, and Next-Generation Sequencing. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31:348-358. [PMID: 32880785 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NTRK1/3 rearrangements have been reported in 2.3-3.4% of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. Recently, the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect NTRK rearrangements has been widely discussed. The current study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features of PTC with NTRK1/3 fusions, to examine the utility of pan-TRK IHC, and to compare IHC with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In a cohort of 525 consecutive PTC cases, 60 BRAFV600E-negative cases underwent complete analyses of FISH, and 12 (2.3%) cases with NTRK1/3 break-apart were found. A novel ERC1-NTRK3 fusion was identified by NGS in one case. Pathological features of non-infiltrative tumor border, clear cell change, and reduced nuclear elongation and irregularity were significantly more common in NTRK1/3-rearranged PTC when compared with 48 BRAFV600E-negative non-NTRK1/3 PTC cases. In whole tissue sections, pan-TRK IHC was positive in 3/7 (42.9%) cases with an ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement including 2 cases with low percentage of stained tumor cells, 2/3 (66.7%) with non-ETV6 NTRK3 rearrangements, and 2/2 (100%) with NTRK1 rearrangements. All FISH-negative cases were negative for pan-TRK in tissue microarray sections. As a result, pan-TRK IHC showed a sensitivity of 58.3% and specificity of 100% for NTRK1/3 rearrangements in BRAFV600E-negative PTC. In conclusion, NTRK1/3-rearranged PTC shared some unique morphologic features. Pan-TRK IHC showed high specificity and moderate sensitivity for NTRK1/3-rearranged PTC and should be interpreted with caution due to staining heterogeneity. Based on the above findings, we propose an algorithm integrating morphology, IHC, and molecular testing to detect NTRK1/3 rearrangements in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jui Huang
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harn-Shen Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Niu Y, Lin A, Luo P, Zhu W, Wei T, Tang R, Guo L, Zhang J. Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients With NTRK3 Mutations to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1213. [PMID: 32903385 PMCID: PMC7434857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important treatment modality that must be considered for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, ICIs are effective only in some of these patients. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that accurately predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD treated with ICIs can help maximize their therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to identify a new potential predictor to better select and optimally benefit LUAD patients. Methods We first collected and analyzed a discovery immunotherapy cohort comprising clinical and mutation data for LUAD patients. Then, we evaluated whether the specific mutated genes can act as predictive biomarkers in this discovery immunotherapy cohort and further validated the findings in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project LUAD cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore possible alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways within the gene mutation. Moreover, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and drug sensitivity response data for LUAD cell lines in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Results Among the mutated genes screened from both the ICI treatment and TCGA-LUAD cohorts, NTRK3 mutation (mutant-type NTRK3, NTRK3-MT) was strongly associated with immunotherapy. First, significant differences in overall survival (OS) were observed between patients with NTRK3-MT and those with NTRK3-WT in the ICI treatment cohort but not in the non-ICI-treated TCGA-LUAD cohort. We then analyzed the association of NTRK3-MT with clinical characteristics and found the tumor mutation burden (TMB) to be significantly higher in both NTRK3-MT cohorts. However, significant differences in neoantigen levels and smoking history were found only for NTRK3-MT in the LUAD cohort from TCGA. Furthermore, some immune-related genes and immune cell-related genes were significantly upregulated in patients with NTRK3-MT compared to those with NTRK3-WT. In addition, NTRK3 mutation affected the deregulation of some signaling pathways and the DDR pathway. Conclusions Our findings suggest that NTRK3-MT can predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD treated by ICIs and that it may have clinical significance for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Niu
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixiang Tang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Zito Marino F, Pagliuca F, Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Montella M, Berretta M, Errico ME, Donofrio V, Bianco R, Franco R. NTRK Fusions, from the Diagnostic Algorithm to Innovative Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3718. [PMID: 32466202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, the identification of several predictive biomarkers and the development of innovative therapies have dramatically increased the request of tests to identify specific targets on cytological or histological samples, revolutionizing the management of the tumoral biomaterials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved a selective neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitor, larotrectinib. Contemporarily, the development of multi-kinase inhibitors with activity in tumors carrying TRK fusions is ongoing. Chromosomal translocations involving the NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes result in constitutive activation and aberrant expression of TRK kinases in numerous cancer types. In this context, the identification of tumors harboring TRK fusions is crucial. Several methods of detection are currently available. We revise the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques used for identifying TRK alterations, including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and next generation sequencing-based approaches. Finally, we propose a diagnostic algorithm based on histology and the relative frequency of TRK fusions in each specific tumor, considering also the economic feasibility in the clinical practice.
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23
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Yamamoto H, Nozaki Y, Kohashi K, Kinoshita I, Oda Y. Diagnostic utility of pan-Trk immunohistochemistry for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. Histopathology 2020; 76:774-778. [PMID: 31578734 DOI: 10.1111/his.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a spindle cell neoplasm of intermediate malignancy, and the diagnosis is often challenging due to the morphological overlap with other spindle cell neoplasms and reactive lesions. More than half of IMTs have the ALK gene rearrangement, and a minor subset have ROS1, NTRK3 or RET gene rearrangements. We sought to determine the potential diagnostic utility of pan-Trk immunohistochemistry for IMTs. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively examined 40 cases of IMT using immunohistochemistry with a rabbit monoclonal pan-Trk antibody. Gene rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The IMTs were classified as the ALK (n = 29), ROS1 (n = 2), NTRK3 (n = 2), RET (n = 0) and 'quadruple-negative' (n = 7) genotypes by molecular analyses. Both of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive cases showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for pan-Trk in the majority of tumour cells. None of the ALK, ROS1 or quadruple-negative-type IMTs showed nuclear staining for pan-Trk, but approximately one-third of these IMTs showed focal and weak cytoplasmic staining. One exceptional case of a RANBP2-ALK-positive epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (an aggressive variant of IMT) showed moderate cytoplasmic staining for pan-Trk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that pan-Trk immunoreactivity with a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern may be useful to identify ETV6-NTRK3-positive IMTs and may be helpful in selecting patients for Trk-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Nozaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Izumi Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Fox AS, Souaiaia T, Oler JA, Kovner R, Kim JMH, Nguyen J, French DA, Riedel MK, Fekete EM, Rabska MR, Olsen ME, Brodsky EK, Alexander AL, Block WF, Roseboom PH, Knowles JA, Kalin NH. Dorsal Amygdala Neurotrophin-3 Decreases Anxious Temperament in Primates. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:881-889. [PMID: 31422797 PMCID: PMC6999854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An early-life anxious temperament (AT) is a risk factor for the development of anxiety, depression, and comorbid substance abuse. We validated a nonhuman primate model of early-life AT and identified the dorsal amygdala as a core component of AT's neural circuit. Here, we combine RNA sequencing, viral-vector gene manipulation, functional brain imaging, and behavioral phenotyping to uncover AT's molecular substrates. METHODS In response to potential threat, AT and brain metabolism were assessed in 46 young rhesus monkeys. We identified AT-related transcripts using RNA-sequencing data from dorsal amygdala tissue (including central nucleus of the amygdala [Ce] and dorsal regions of the basal nucleus). Based on the results, we overexpressed the neurotrophin-3 gene, NTF3, in the dorsal amygdala using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided surgery (n = 5 per group). RESULTS This discovery-based approach identified AT-related alterations in the expression of well-established and novel genes, including an inverse association between NTRK3 expression and AT. NTRK3 is an interesting target because it is a relatively unexplored neurotrophic factor that modulates intracellular neuroplasticity pathways. Overexpression of the transcript for NTRK3's endogenous ligand, NTF3, in the dorsal amygdala resulted in reduced AT and altered function in AT's neural circuit. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data implicate neurotrophin-3/NTRK3 signaling in the dorsal amygdala in mediating primate anxiety. More generally, this approach provides an important step toward understanding the molecular underpinnings of early-life AT and will be useful in guiding the development of treatments to prevent the development of stress-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology and the California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Tade Souaiaia
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jonathan A Oler
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rothem Kovner
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jae Mun Hugo Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Joseph Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Delores A French
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marissa K Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eva M Fekete
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew R Rabska
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Miles E Olsen
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ethan K Brodsky
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick H Roseboom
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry and the HealthEmotions Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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25
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Yeh YA, Yang S, Constantinescu M, Chaudoir C, Tanner A, Henry M, Anderson S, Saldivar JS, Serkin F, Fazili T, Lurie AA, Yu X. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with novel NTRK3 gene fusion: a case report. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2019; 7:341-345. [PMID: 31763365 PMCID: PMC6872470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion occurs in approximately 50% of prostatic adenocarcinoma and their expression is associated with aggressive phenotype, higher tumor stage, and tumor metastasis. A case of prostatic adenocarcinoma with IRF2BP2-NTRK1 translocation was previously reported. We report a prostatic adenocarcinoma with novel NTRK3 gene fusion that occurs in a 71-year-old male patient with aggressive histologic phenotype and multiple bony metastases. Prostatic biopsy revealed that there is a prostatic adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 9 (4+5), grade group 5, and multiple sites of perineural and ganglional invasion. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing were performed. FISH studies showed a breakage within the NTRK3 gene in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Next-generation sequencing confirmed that there is a PRPSAP1-NTRK3 translocation in the prostatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, ASXL1, KIF5B, MED12, PIK3CA mutations were found. NTRK alterations or dysregulation of PI3K signaling pathway were found in many types of cancers. TRK inhibitors including larotrectinib and entrectinib were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating TRK fusion-positive malignant tumors and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors were under clinical studies on various cancers including prostate cancer. In our current case, both NTRK3 and PIK3CA may serve as biomarkers for precision targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshin A Yeh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael Constantinescu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Catherine Chaudoir
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anthony Tanner
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mishala Henry
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sheila Anderson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Faye Serkin
- Urology Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tajammul Fazili
- Urology Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aubrey A Lurie
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterShreveport, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Marchiò C, Scaltriti M, Ladanyi M, Iafrate AJ, Bibeau F, Dietel M, Hechtman JF, Troiani T, López-Rios F, Douillard JY, Andrè F, Reis-Filho JS. ESMO recommendations on the standard methods to detect NTRK fusions in daily practice and clinical research. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1417-1427. [PMID: 31268127 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusions are present in a plethora of malignancies across different histologies. These fusions represent the most frequent mechanism of oncogenic activation of these receptor tyrosine kinases, and biomarkers for the use of TRK small molecule inhibitors. Given the varying frequency of NTRK1/2/3 fusions, crucial to the administration of NTRK inhibitors is the development of optimal approaches for the detection of human cancers harbouring activating NTRK1/2/3 fusion genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experts from several Institutions were recruited by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group (TR and PM WG) to review the available methods for the detection of NTRK gene fusions, their potential applications, and strategies for the implementation of a rational approach for the detection of NTRK1/2/3 fusion genes in human malignancies. A consensus on the most reasonable strategy to adopt when screening for NTRK fusions in oncologic patients was sought, and further reviewed and approved by the ESMO TR and PM WG and the ESMO leadership. RESULTS The main techniques employed for NTRK fusion gene detection include immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RT-PCR, and both RNA-based and DNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS). Each technique has advantages and limitations, and the choice of assays for screening and final diagnosis should also take into account the resources and clinical context. CONCLUSION In tumours where NTRK fusions are highly recurrent, FISH, RT-PCR or RNA-based sequencing panels can be used as confirmatory techniques, whereas in the scenario of testing an unselected population where NTRK1/2/3 fusions are uncommon, either front-line sequencing (preferentially RNA-sequencing) or screening by immunohistochemistry followed by sequencing of positive cases should be pursued.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/isolation & purification
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/standards
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/standards
- Medical Oncology/standards
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/isolation & purification
- Precision Medicine/standards
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptor, trkA/genetics
- Receptor, trkA/isolation & purification
- Receptor, trkB/genetics
- Receptor, trkB/isolation & purification
- Receptor, trkC/genetics
- Receptor, trkC/isolation & purification
- Translational Research, Biomedical/standards
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin; Division of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - M Scaltriti
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - A J Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - F Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - M Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - T Troiani
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - F López-Rios
- Pathology & Targeted Therapies Laboratory, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J-Y Douillard
- European Society for Medical Oncology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - F Andrè
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM Unit 981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - J S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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Suurmeijer AJ, Dickson BC, Swanson D, Zhang L, Sung YS, Huang HY, Fletcher CD, Antonescu CR. The histologic spectrum of soft tissue spindle cell tumors with NTRK3 gene rearrangements. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:739-746. [PMID: 31112350 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NTRK3-rearranged tumors other than infantile fibrosarcomas (IFSs) harboring the canonical ETV6-NTRK3 fusions are uncommon, and include mainly inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Herein, we describe an additional subset of seven tumors sharing NTRK3 gene rearrangements. The cohort included five females and two males (age range 1-67 years). Tumors were located in extremities, trunk, retroperitoneum, or intra-abdominal. In all tumors, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed rearrangements in NTRK3 accompanied by NTRK3 amplification in two cases. In three cases, RNA sequencing identified a fusion transcript composed of NTRK3 exon 14 fused to ETV6, TFG, and TPM4, respectively, retaining the NTRK3 kinase domain. All tumors were positive for pan-TRK by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two cases showed low- to intermediate-grade histology composed of monomorphic spindle cells arranged in a patternless architecture, stromal bands, and perivascular rings of hyalinized collagen and coexpression of S100 and CD34. The remaining five cases were high-grade fascicular monomorphic spindle cell sarcomas, morphologically somewhat reminiscent of either malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) or fibrosarcomas (FSs). Two high-grade NTRK3 sarcomas showed aggressive clinical behavior with development of lung metastases. Identification of high-grade NTRK3-rearranged sarcomas is clinically important, since the development of selective NTRK inhibitors has opened new avenues for targeted therapy. Although IHC for pan-TRK can be applied as a screening tool, molecular studies are recommended for a conclusive diagnosis of NTRK-rearranged neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Swanson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Christopher D Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Chang JC, Zhang L, Drilon AE, Chi P, Alaggio R, Borsu L, Benayed R, Travis WD, Ladanyi M, Antonescu CR. Expanding the Molecular Characterization of Thoracic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors beyond ALK Gene Rearrangements. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:825-834. [PMID: 30550870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Half of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) regardless of anatomic location harbor anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangements and overexpress anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein. The wide application of next-generation sequencing and the clinical benefit to tyrosine kinase inhibitors have opened new opportunities for investigation of ALK-negative IMTs. METHODS In this study, we have investigated a series of pediatric and adult thoracic IMTs for abnormalities in a wide spectrum of actionable kinases by applying a variety of molecular and next-generation sequencing techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), targeted RNA sequencing, and NanoString assay. RESULTS There were 33 patients with thoracic IMTs, including five children; their mean age was 37. The tumors showed a monomorphic spindle cell phenotype, except for one with an epithelioid morphologic pattern and moderate to severe atypia. By immunohistochemistry, 24 tumors were ALK positive, and 19 of the 24 showed ALK rearrangements and one ret proto-oncogene gene (RET) rearrangement by FISH. RNA sequencing was performed in the remaining four cases lacking ALK abnormalities by FISH, revealing ALK fusions involving tropomyosin 4 gene (TMP4) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 gene (EML4) as partner in three cases. NanoString assay was performed in the remaining case, revealing ALK alternative transcription initiation (ALKATI). Nine cases lacking ALK abnormalities were further tested by FISH or targeted RNA sequencing, revealing ROS1 rearrangement in six cases and ETS variant 6 gene (ETV6)-neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3 gene (NTRK3) fusion in three cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By using a battery of complementary molecular techniques, we have shown that all the thoracic IMTs harbored a tyrosine kinase abnormality, with 30% involving a kinase gene other than ALK, including ROS1, NTRK3, and RET gene fusions. We have also described for the first time ALKATI-induced ALK oncogenic activation in IMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander E Drilon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, University Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laetitia Borsu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ryma Benayed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Olson N, Rouhi O, Zhang L, Angeles C, Bridge J, Lopez-Terrada D, Royce T, Linos K. A novel case of an aggressive superficial spindle cell sarcoma in an adult resembling fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and harboring an EML4- NTRK3 fusion. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:933-939. [PMID: 30175468 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A subset of soft tissue sarcomas often harbors recurrent fusions involving protein kinases. While some of these fusion events have shown utility in arriving at a precise diagnosis, novel fusions in otherwise difficult to classify sarcomas continue to be identified. We present a case of a 40-year-old female who noted a lower back nodule in 2010 that was initially labeled as a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcomatous transformation. The lesion recurred the following year and metastasized to the groin 6 years later. Because of some morphologic peculiarities, molecular characterization was pursued in the metastatic focus, which revealed the neoplasm was negative for the COL1A1-PDGFB fusion. However, anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction for targeted next-generation sequencing (Archer Dx) detected an EML4-NTRK3 fusion, which was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR, Sanger sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis of the recurrent and metastatic specimens. Although various soft tissue neoplasms involving fusions with NTRK genes are well-reported, the current case could not be easily classified in any of the established entities. Nevertheless, it raises interesting questions regarding the importance of classification, prognosis, and treatment for some of these tyrosine kinase fusion-driven sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Omid Rouhi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Linsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina Angeles
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Julia Bridge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Thomas Royce
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Ashion Analytics, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Xiong D, Sheng Y, Ding S, Chen J, Tan X, Zeng T, Qin D, Zhu L, Huang A, Tang H. LINC00052 regulates the expression of NTRK3 by miR-128 and miR-485-3p to strengthen HCC cells invasion and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47593-47608. [PMID: 27351280 PMCID: PMC5216964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that are more than 200 nt in length but cannot encode proteins. Accumulating evidences showed that abnormal LncRNA expressions are highly involved in many kinds of tumor. By using gene trap methods which could knockdown gene expression to find important genes, we found one LncRNA which called intergenic non-protein coding RNA 52 (LINC00052) has the ability to inhibit invasion and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells. We found that invasion, migration and proliferation abilities in SMMC7721 cell were inhibited after up-expressing LINC00052. We identified that NTRK3 was the target gene of LINC00052. Down-expression of NTRK3 could increase SMMC7721 cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, we discovered that LINC00052 could regulate NTRK3 expression by forming complementary base pairing with miR-128 and miR-485-3p to reduce the luciferase activity of NTRK3 3′UTR. These results reveal a new mechanism for understanding hepatocarcinoma cells invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xixi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Pediatric fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lesions are a relatively common group of tumors with varying morphologies, for which the molecular mechanisms are becoming increasingly well characterized. Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS), perhaps the most well studied of these lesions is characterized by a recurrent ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. However, a notable subset of locally aggressive congenital/infantile soft tissue lesions with similar morphologic features to CIFS, have not to-date, shown evidence of any canonical molecular aberration. We describe 6 patients with mesenchymal tumors composed of infiltrative fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor cells and showing a morphologic spectrum of features much analogous to that previously described in CIFS but without ETV6 fusion transcripts. These tumors lacked a uniform immunoprofile, but showed variable expression of CD34, S100, smooth muscle actin, and CD30. All patients first developed a mass in infancy (≤2 months of age). Using next-generation DNA sequencing, TMP3-NTRK1 fusions were identified in 4 cases, an LMNA-NTRK1 fusion in one case, and a variant EML4-NTRK3 fusion in one case. Similar to infantile fibrosarcoma, these tumors were locally aggressive (with local recurrences if incompletely excised) and rarely metastasized (lung metastases in one patient). Proper identification of these tumors including investigation for NTRK family gene rearrangements is essential for diagnostic accuracy, as well as for clinical management decisions. Given the morbidity associated with radical resection of large soft tissue tumors, children with unresectable, recurrent, and/or metastatic disease may benefit from treatment with NTRK targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Davis
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,2 Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina M Lockwood
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine M Albert
- 4 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen Tsuchiya
- 2 Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- 4 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erin R Rudzinski
- 2 Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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Chen S, Nagel S, Schneider B, Dai H, Geffers R, Kaufmann M, Meyer C, Pommerenke C, Thress KS, Li J, Quentmeier H, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. A new ETV6- NTRK3 cell line model reveals MALAT1 as a novel therapeutic target - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 41:93-101. [PMID: 29119387 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, the chromosomal translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25) has been found to recurrently occur in both solid tumors and leukemias. This translocation leads to ETV6-NTRK3 (EN) gene fusions resulting in ectopic expression of the NTRK3 neurotropic tyrosine receptor kinase moiety as well as oligomerization through the donated ETV6-sterile alpha motif domain. As yet, no in vitro cell line model carrying this anomaly is available. Here we genetically characterized the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line AP-1060 and, by doing so, revealed the presence of a t(12;15)(p13;q25). Subsequently, we evaluated its suitability as a model for this important clinical entity. METHODS Spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genomic and transcriptomic microarray-based profiling were used to screen for the presence of EN fusions. qRT-PCR was used for quantitative expression analyses. Responses to AZ-23 (NTRK) and wortmannin (PI3K) inhibitors, as well as to arsenic trioxide (ATO), were assessed using colorimetric assays. An AZ-23 microarray screen was used to define the EN targetome, which was parsed bioinformatically. MAPK1 and MALAT1 activation were assayed using Western blotting and RNA-FISH, respectively, whereas an AML patient cohort was used to assess the clinical occurrence of MALAT1 activation. RESULTS An EN fusion was detected in AP1060 cells which, accordingly, turned out to be hypersensitive to AZ-23. We also found that AZ-23 can potentiate the effect of ATO and inhibit the phosphorylation of its canonical target MAPK1. The AZ-23 microarray screen highlighted a novel EN target, MALAT1, which also proved sensitive to wortmannin. Finally, we found that MALAT1 was massively up-regulated in a subset of AML patients. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that AP-1060 may serve as a first publicly available preclinical model for EN. In addition, we conclude that these EN-positive cells are sensitive to the NTRK inhibitor AZ-23 and that this inhibitor may potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of ATO. Our data also highlight a novel AML EN target, MALAT1, which was so far only conspicuous in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Chen
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bjoern Schneider
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Haiping Dai
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yixing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hilmar Quentmeier
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Iyama K, Matsuse M, Mitsutake N, Rogounovitch T, Saenko V, Suzuki K, Ashizawa M, Ookouchi C, Suzuki S, Mizunuma H, Fukushima T, Suzuki S, Yamashita S. Identification of Three Novel Fusion Oncogenes, SQSTM1/ NTRK3, AFAP1L2/RET, and PPFIBP2/RET, in Thyroid Cancers of Young Patients in Fukushima. Thyroid 2017; 27:811-818. [PMID: 28351223 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BRAFV600E mutation is the most frequent genetic abnormality in adult papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). On the other hand, various chromosomal rearrangements are more prevalent in childhood and adolescent PTCs. The aim of the present study was to identify novel rearrangements in PTCs from young patients. METHODS Among 63 postoperative specimens of childhood and adolescent PTCs, which had been discovered by the thyroid ultrasound screening program in Fukushima, nine samples without prevalent known oncogenes, BRAFV600E, RAS, RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3, and ETV6/NTRK3, were analyzed in the current study by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to screen for novel fusion genes by comparing transcript expression between extracellular and kinase domains of ALK, NTRK1, NTRK3, and RET. RESULTS Of the above nine samples, five samples were suspected to harbor a fusion, and using subsequent 5' rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE), two already reported fusion oncogenes, STRN/ALK and TPR/NTRK1, and three novel fusions, SQSTM1/NTRK3, AFAP1L2/RET, and PPFIBP2/RET, were identified. Functional analyses of these three chimeric genes were performed, and their transforming abilities were confirmed through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). CONCLUSIONS Three novel fusion oncogenes have been identified in young PTC patients in Fukushima, suggesting that rare fusions may be present among the cases negative for known oncogenes in this age group and that such rearrangements can play a significant role in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iyama
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- 2 Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michiko Matsuse
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatiana Rogounovitch
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Vladimir Saenko
- 3 Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mai Ashizawa
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chiyo Ookouchi
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizunuma
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fukushima
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- 4 Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- 1 Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- 3 Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kim JY, Jeong JE, Rhee JK, Cho H, Chun JW, Kim TM, Choi SW, Choi JS, Kim DJ. Targeted exome sequencing for the identification of a protective variant against Internet gaming disorder at rs2229910 of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 ( NTRK3): A pilot study. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:631-638. [PMID: 27826991 PMCID: PMC5370368 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has gained recognition as a potential new diagnosis in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but genetic evidence supporting this disorder remains scarce. Methods In this study, targeted exome sequencing was conducted in 30 IGD patients and 30 control subjects with a focus on genes linked to various neurotransmitters associated with substance and non-substance addictions, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results rs2229910 of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 (NTRK3) was the only single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that exhibited a significantly different minor allele frequency in IGD subjects compared to controls (p = .01932), suggesting that this SNP has a protective effect against IGD (odds ratio = 0.1541). The presence of this potentially protective allele was also associated with less time spent on Internet gaming and lower scores on the Young's Internet Addiction Test and Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Adults. Conclusions The results of this first targeted exome sequencing study of IGD subjects indicate that rs2229910 of NTRK3 is a genetic variant that is significantly related to IGD. These findings may have significant implications for future research investigating the genetics of IGD and other behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Keun Rhee
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Wook Choi
- Korea Institute on Behavioral Addictions, True Mind Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and Health Care & Information Research Institute, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: Dai-Jin Kim; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 202 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 2258 6086; Fax: +82 2 594 3870; E-mail:
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Behrouz Sharif S, Hashemzadeh S, Mousavi Ardehaie R, Eftekharsadat A, Ghojazadeh M, Mehrtash AH, Estiar MA, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Sakhinia E. Detection of aberrant methylated SEPT9 and NTRK3 genes in sporadic colorectal cancer patients as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5335-5343. [PMID: 28105243 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Timely detection of CRC in patients with earlier stages provides the highest rate of survival. Epigenetic alterations are important in the occurrence and progression of CRC, and represent the primary modifications of cancer cells. Therefore, detection of these alterations in CRC cases are thought to hold great promise as diagnostic biomarkers. It has been shown that the SEPT9 and NTRK3 genes are aberrantly methylated and their detection can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC. The present study analyzed promoter methylation status of these genes in CRC patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 45 CRC and paired adjacent healthy tissues and undergone bisulfite conversion, and the methylation status of NTRK3 and SEPT9 were defined using the MS-HRM assay. Our results showed that there are statistically significant differences in methylation status of NTRK3 and specially SEPT9 between CRC and adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). High sensitivity and specificity for a specific location in SEPT9 gene promoter as a diagnostic biomarker was observed. SEPT9 promoter hypermethylation may serve as a promising biomarker for the detection of CRC development. However, to validate the biomarker potential of NTRK3 there is a requirement for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Behrouz Sharif
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614731, Iran
| | - Shahriar Hashemzadeh
- Department of General & Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Reza Mousavi Ardehaie
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Amirtaher Eftekharsadat
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Mortaza Ghojazadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center and Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mehrtash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
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Yamamoto H, Yoshida A, Taguchi K, Kohashi K, Hatanaka Y, Yamashita A, Mori D, Oda Y. ALK, ROS1 and NTRK3 gene rearrangements in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. Histopathology 2016; 69:72-83. [PMID: 26647767 DOI: 10.1111/his.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathological features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) with gene rearrangement other than ALK. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, ETV6, NTRK3 and RET in 36 cases of IMT by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IHC staining showed ALK and ROS1 to be positive in 22 of 36 (61.1%) and two of 36 (5.6%) cases, respectively. In one case with ROS1 positivity, IHC staining showed cytoplasmic and dot-like ROS1 expression, and RT-PCR showed the presence of the TFG-ROS1 fusion transcript. Two cases of pulmonary IMT, in a 7-year-old patient and a 23-year-old patient, had ETV6 rearrangement, and the presence of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript was confirmed in one case. These tumours were composed of hypocellular myxoid areas and highly cellular areas with rich plasmacytic infiltration; the histological features were different from those of infantile fibrosarcoma. RET rearrangement was not detected. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a subset of ALK-negative IMTs have rearrangement of ROS1, ETV6 or NTRK3 as a possible oncogenic mechanism, and that the detection of these alterations may be of diagnostic value and helpful for determining promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Centre Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Hatanaka
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Werner P, Paluru P, Simpson AM, Latney B, Iyer R, Brodeur GM, Goldmuntz E. Mutations in NTRK3 suggest a novel signaling pathway in human congenital heart disease. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:1459-68. [PMID: 25196463 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common major birth defects and the leading cause of death from congenital malformations. The etiology remains largely unknown, though genetic variants clearly contribute. In a previous study, we identified a large copy-number variant (CNV) that deleted 46 genes in a patient with a malalignment type ventricular septal defect (VSD). The CNV included the gene NTRK3 encoding neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC), which is essential for normal cardiogenesis in animal models. To evaluate the role of NTRK3 in human CHDs, we studied 467 patients with related heart defects for NTRK3 mutations. We identified four missense mutations in four patients with VSDs that were not found in ethnically matched controls and were predicted to be functionally deleterious. Functional analysis using neuroblastoma cell lines expressing mutant TrkC demonstrated that one of the mutations (c.278C>T, p.T93M) significantly reduced autophosphorylation of TrkC in response to ligand binding, subsequently decreasing phosphorylation of downstream target proteins. In addition, compared with wild type, three of the four cell lines expressing mutant TrkC showed altered cell growth in low-serum conditions without supplemental neurotrophin 3. These findings suggest a novel pathophysiological mechanism involving NTRK3 in the development of VSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Werner
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Leeman-Neill RJ, Kelly L, Liu P, Brenner AV, Little MP, Bogdanova TI, Evdokimova V, Hatch M, Zurnadzy LY, Nikiforova MN, Yue NJ, Zhang M, Mabuchi K, Tronko MD, Nikiforov YE. ETV6- NTRK3 is a common chromosomal rearrangement in radiation-associated thyroid cancer. Cancer 2014; 120:799-807. [PMID: 24327398 PMCID: PMC3947712 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In their previous analysis of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) from an Ukrainian-American cohort that was exposed to iodine-131 ((131) I) from the Chernobyl accident, the authors identified RET/PTC rearrangements and other driver mutations in 60% of tumors. METHODS In this study, the remaining mutation-negative tumors from that cohort were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to identify novel chromosomal rearrangements and to characterize their relation with radiation dose. RESULTS The ETS variant gene 6 (ETV6)-neurotrophin receptor 3 (NTRK3) rearrangement (ETV6-NTRK3) was identified by RNA-Seq in a tumor from a patient who received a high (131) I dose. Overall, the rearrangement was detected in 9 of 62 (14.5%) post-Chernobyl PTCs and in 3 of 151 (2%) sporadic PTCs (P = .019). The most common fusion type was between exon 4 of ETV6 and exon 14 of NTRK3. The prevalence of ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement in post-Chernobyl PTCs was associated with increasing (131) I dose, albeit at borderline significance (P = .126). The group of rearrangement-positive PTCs (ETV6-NTRK3, RET/PTC, PAX8-PPARγ) was associated with significantly higher dose response compared with the group of PTCs with point mutations (BRAF, RAS; P < .001). In vitro exposure of human thyroid cells to 1 gray of (131) I and γ-radiation resulted in the formation of ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement at a rate of 7.9 × 10(-6) cells and 3.0 × 10(-6) cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The authors report the occurrence of ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangements in thyroid cancer and demonstrate that this rearrangement is significantly more common in tumors associated with exposure to (131) I and has a borderline significant dose response. Moreover, ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement can be directly induced in thyroid cells by ionizing radiation in vitro and, thus, may represent a novel mechanism of radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology and the Cancer Center, Room C4885, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Alina V. Brenner
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tetiana I. Bogdanova
- State Institution V.P.Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktoria Evdokimova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Liudmyla Y. Zurnadzy
- State Institution V.P.Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marina N. Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ning J. Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mykola D. Tronko
- State Institution V.P.Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of AMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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