Abnormal expression of HADH, an enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, affects tumor development and prognosis (Review)

Targeting fatty acid oxidation: A potential strategy for treating gastrointestinal tumors

Gastrointestinal cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) are common and highly lethal types of cancer worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in cancer progression and involves metabolic processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has a profound impact on cancer, with many genes and cytokines influencing cancer cell initiation, development, metastasis, and resistance by regulating FAO. Additionally, FAO further promotes cancer progression by affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The role of FAO in gastrointestinal cancers has garnered increasing attention, and related anticancer drugs are currently being developed.

Fate of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics in zebrafish liver cells: Influence of protein corona on transport, oxidative stress, and glycolipid metabolism

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) form protein corona (PC) upon contact with biological fluids, but their impact on the intracellular transport, distribution, and toxicity of MNPs remains unclear. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to simulate in vivo environment, this study explored their influence on the transport and toxicity of polystyrene (PS) MNPs in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells. Results showed PS MNPs were wrapped by proteins into stable complexes. Nanoparticles (NP, 50 nm) and their protein complexes (NP@PC) were internalized by cells within 6 h, with PC formation enhancing NP uptake. NP primarily entered cells through clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, while NP@PC via clathrin-mediated pathways. Internalized particles were predominantly in lysosomes where PC degraded and some were also in mitochondria. Eventually, particles were expelled from cells through energy-dependent lysosomal pathways and energy-independent membrane penetration mechanisms. Notably, PC formation limited the clearance of NP. In toxicity, NP had a more severe impact than microplastics (MP, 5 μm). FBS more effectively mitigated PS MNPs-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, subcellular structural damage, and dysregulation of glycolipid metabolism than BSA did. This study elucidates the modulatory role of PC on biological effects of MNPs, providing safety and risk management strategies.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Belly Traits in Canadian Commercial Crossbred Pigs

The improvement of carcass traits is a key focus in pig genetic breeding programs. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes linked to key carcass traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using whole-genome sequencing data from 1118 commercial pigs (Duroc sires and Yorkshire/Landrace F1 dams). This study focused on six phenotypes: iodine value, belly firmness, belly side fat, total side thickness (belly SThK), belly subcutaneous fat (Subq), and belly seam. Phenotypes were measured using image analysis, DEXA, and fatty acid profiling, and genotyping was performed using low-pass sequencing (SkimSeq). After quality control, 18,911,793 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were retained for further analysis. A GWAS was conducted using a linear mixed model implemented in GCTA. Key findings include a significant QTL on SSC15 (110.83-112.23 Mb), which is associated with the iodine value, containing genes such as COX15, CHUK, SCD, and HIF1AN, which have known roles in fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, PNKD, VIL1, and PRKAG3 (120.74-121.88 Mb on SSC15) were linked to belly firmness, influencing muscle structure and fat composition. Three QTLs for belly side fat were identified on SSC1, SSC2, and SSC3, highlighting genes like SLC22A18, PHLDA2, and OSBPL5, which regulate fat deposition and lipid metabolism. The results provide novel molecular markers that can be incorporated into selective breeding programs to improve pork quality, fat distribution, and meat composition. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying carcass belly traits while offering tools to improve pork quality, optimize fat composition, and align with consumer preferences in the meat production industry.

DOMSCNet: a deep learning model for the classification of stomach cancer using multi-layer omics data

The rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the expanding availability of NGS datasets have led to a significant surge in biomedical research. To better understand the molecular processes, underlying cancer and to support its development, diagnosis, prediction, and therapy; NGS data analysis is crucial. However, the NGS multi-layer omics high-dimensional dataset is highly complex. In recent times, some computational methods have been developed for cancer omics data interpretation. However, various existing methods face challenges in accounting for diverse types of cancer omics data and struggle to effectively extract informative features for the integrated identification of core units. To address these challenges, we proposed a hybrid feature selection (HFS) technique to detect optimal features from multi-layer omics datasets. Subsequently, this study proposes a novel hybrid deep recurrent neural network-based model DOMSCNet to classify stomach cancer. The proposed model was made generic for all four multi-layer omics datasets. To observe the robustness of the DOMSCNet model, the proposed model was validated with eight external datasets. Experimental results showed that the SelectKBest-maximum relevancy minimum redundancy-Boruta (SMB), HFS technique outperformed all other HFS techniques. Across four multi-layer omics datasets and validated datasets, the proposed DOMSCNet model outdid existing classifiers along with other proposed classifiers.

Itaconate: A Nexus Metabolite Fueling Leishmania Survival Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation

Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, is a neglected public health issue. Leishmania mainly infects macrophages, where metabolic reprogramming shapes their plasticity (M1/M2), affecting the host's resistance or susceptibility to infection. The development of this infection is influenced by immune responses, with an excessive anti-inflammatory reaction linked to negative outcomes through the modulation of various mediators. Itaconate, produced by the Acod1 gene, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects, but its function in leishmaniasis is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of itaconate in leishmaniasis. Using transcriptomic data from L. major-infected BMDMs, we assessed the expression dynamics of Il1b and Acod1 and performed pathway enrichment analysis to determine the profile of genes co-expressed with Acod1. Early Acod1 upregulation followed by later Il1b downregulation was noted, indicating a shift towards an anti-inflammatory response. Among the genes co-expressed with Acod1, Ldlr, Hadh, and Src are closely associated with lipid metabolism and the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, thereby creating a favorable environment for the survival of Leishmania. Overall, these findings suggest that Acod1 and its co-expressed genes may affect the outcome of Leishmania infection by modulating host metabolism. Accordingly, targeting itaconate-associated pathways could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for leishmaniasis.

Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase: A biomarker for authentication of death from mechanical asphyxia

Death from mechanical asphyxia (DMA) refers to death from acute respiratory disorder caused by mechanical violence. Due to the absence of characteristic signs in corpses, it has been rather challenging to achieve the precise authentication of DMA. In this research, human pulmonary samples were collected and grouped according to different causes of death in search of potential biomarkers of DMA. Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) was identified significantly up-regulated in DMA group. Cell experiments were conducted to figure out the mechanism of the up-regulation of HADH. According to the results, we assumed acute and severe hypoxia caused by mechanical asphyxia contributed to the expression change of HADH, which could be a self-saving reaction of cells that are forced to adjust energy metabolism. Generally, HADH can be biomarker of DMA and help the precise authentication of DMA.

Reduced lipid and glucose oxidation and reduced lipid synthesis in AMPKα2-/- myotubes

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulation of metabolic homeostasis. To understand the role of the catalytic α2 subunit of AMPK in skeletal muscle energy metabolism, myotube cultures were established from AMPKα2+/+ and AMPKα2-/- mice. Myotubes from AMPKα2-/- mice had lower basal oleic acid and glucose oxidation compared to myotubes from AMPKα2+/+ mice. However, the relative response to mitochondrial uncoupling was increased for oleic acid oxidation. Incorporation of acetate into lipids was also lower in myotubes from AMPKα2-/- mice. Proteomics analysis revealed that AMPKα2-/- myotubes had upregulated pathways related to mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation, and decreased pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, ablation of AMPKα2 catalytic subunit in skeletal muscle cells resulted in reduced basal oxidation of glucose and fatty acids, however upregulated pathways related to mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipid formation.

Single-base m6A epitranscriptomics reveals novel HIV-1 host interaction targets in primary CD4+ T cells

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent cellular mRNA modification and plays a critical role in regulating RNA stability, localization, and gene expression. m6A modification plays a vital role in modulating the expression of viral and cellular genes during HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection increases cellular RNA m6A levels in many cell types, which facilitates HIV-1 replication and infectivity in target cells. However, the function of m6A modification in regulating HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection of Jurkat CD4+ T cells and primary CD4+ T cells promotes the interaction between the m6A writer complex subunits methyltransferase-like 3 and 14 (METTL3/METTL14). Using single-base m6A-specific RNA sequencing, we identified several differentially m6A-modified cellular mRNAs, including perilipin 3 (PLIN3), during HIV-1 infection in primary CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, HIV-1 infection increased PLIN3 mRNA level by enhancing its stability, but PLIN3 protein level was decreased. Knocking down PLIN3 in primary CD4+ T cells reduced HIV-1 production but enhanced virion infectivity. In contrast, in Jurkat cells, PLIN3 mRNA and protein expression levels were unaffected by HIV-1 infection, and knocking out PLIN3 did not impact HIV-1 production or infectivity. These results indicate that the interplay between HIV-1 and PLIN3 is cell-type specific and only observed in primary CD4+ T cells. Overall, our results highlight the importance of m6A RNA modification in HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells and suggest its significance as a regulatory mechanism in HIV-1 infection.

Effects of moderate intensity exercise on liver metabolism in mice based on multi-omics analysis

Physical exercise is beneficial to keep physical and mental health. The molecular mechanisms underlying exercise are still worth exploring. The healthy adult mice after six weeks of moderate-intensity exercise (experimental group) and sedentary mice (control group) were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, lactylation modification, and metabolomics analysis. In addition, gene sets related to hypoxia, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism were used to aid in the screening of hub genes. The mMCP-counter was employed to evaluate infiltration of immune cells in murine liver tissues. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 82 intersection genes related to hypoxia, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism. Proteomics and lactylation modification analysis identified 577 proteins and 141 differentially lactylation modification proteins. By overlapping 82 intersection genes with 577 differentially expressed proteins and 141 differentially lactylation modification proteins, three hub genes (Aldoa, Acsl1, and Hadhb) were obtained. The immune infiltration analysis revealed a decreased score for monocytes/macrophages and an increased score for endothelial cells in the experimental group. Then, 459 metabolites in positive mode and 181 metabolites in negative mode were identified. The "Metabolic pathways" (mmu01100) was a common pathway between intersection genes-enriched pathways and metabolites-enriched pathways. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of hub genes in the glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism under the context of chronic exercise.

miR-504 knockout regulates tumor cell proliferation and immune cell infiltration to accelerate oral cancer development

miR-504 plays a pivotal role in the progression of oral cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive in vivo. Here, we find that miR-504 is significantly down-regulated in oral cancer patients. We generate miR-504 knockout mice (miR-504-/-) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate its impact on the malignant progression of oral cancer under exposure to 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO). We show that the deletion of miR-504 does not affect phenotypic characteristics, body weight, reproductive performance, and survival in mice, but results in changes in the blood physiological and biochemical indexes of the mice. Moreover, with 4NQO treatment, miR-504-/- mice exhibit more pronounced pathological changes characteristic of oral cancer. RNA sequencing shows that the differentially expressed genes observed in samples from miR-504-/- mice with oral cancer are involved in regulating cell metabolism, cytokine activation, and lipid metabolism-related pathways. Additionally, these differentially expressed genes are significantly enriched in lipid metabolism pathways that influence immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment, thereby accelerating tumor development progression. Collectively, our results suggest that knockout of miR-504 accelerates malignant progression in 4NQO-induced oral cancer by regulating tumor cell proliferation and lipid metabolism, affecting immune cell infiltration.

Time-dependent reduction in oxidative capacity among cultured myotubes from spinal cord injured individuals

BACKGROUND

Skeletal muscle adapts in reaction to contractile activity to efficiently utilize energy substrates, primarily glucose and free fatty acids (FA). Inactivity leads to atrophy and a change in energy utilization in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study aimed to characterize possible inactivity-related differences in the energy metabolism between skeletal muscle cells cultured from satellite cells isolated 1- and 12-months post-SCI.

METHODS

To characterize inactivity-related disturbances in spinal cord injury, we studied skeletal muscle cells isolated from SCI subjects. Cell cultures were established from biopsy samples from musculus vastus lateralis from subjects with SCI 1 and 12 months after the injury. The myoblasts were proliferated and differentiated into myotubes before fatty acid and glucose metabolism were assessed and gene and protein expressions were measured.

RESULTS

The results showed that glucose uptake was increased, while oleic acid oxidation was reduced at 12 months compared to 1 month. mRNA expressions of PPARGC1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and MYH2, a determinant of muscle fiber type, were significantly reduced at 12 months. Proteomic analysis showed reduced expression of several mitochondrial proteins.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, skeletal muscle cells isolated from immobilized subjects 12 months compared to 1 month after SCI showed reduced fatty acid metabolism and reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins, indicating an increased loss of oxidative capacity with time after injury.

Identification of ACAA1 and HADHB as potential prognostic biomarkers based on a novel fatty acid oxidation-related gene model in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-related genes in predicting the progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

METHODS

The FAO-related gene prognostic model was established employing Cox regression analyses, during which accuracy and sensitivity of the gene model were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) internal testing and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) external validation cohorts. Ultimately, hub genes were identified among 13 model genes using STRING and Cytoscape, with preliminary validation carried out through immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

The model, which comprised 13 genes (ABCD2, ACAA1, ACACB, AKT1, CNR1, CPT1C, CROT, ECHDC2, ETFA, HADHB, IRS2, LONP2, and SLC25A17), was established. On the basis of the median risk score, the two cohorts were grouped into low-and high-risk groups in the subsequent test and validation, and the former exhibited significantly higher survival rates than the latter. Nomograms were established based on prognostic factors, including stage and risk score, and individualized for the prediction of HNSCC patients. Ultimately, immunohistochemical staining showed that ACAA1 and HADHB were significantly under-expressed in HNSCC, with a favorable prognosis associated with low HADHB and high ACAA1.

CONCLUSIONS

The gene prognostic model has illustrated promising capability in predicting the prognosis, and ACAA1 and HADHB might serve as potential therapeutic biomarkers for HNSCC patients.

Energy metabolism as the hub of advanced non-small cell lung cancer management: a comprehensive view in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine

Energy metabolism is a hub of governing all processes at cellular and organismal levels such as, on one hand, reparable vs. irreparable cell damage, cell fate (proliferation, survival, apoptosis, malignant transformation etc.), and, on the other hand, carcinogenesis, tumor development, progression and metastazing versus anti-cancer protection and cure. The orchestrator is the mitochondria who produce, store and invest energy, conduct intracellular and systemically relevant signals decisive for internal and environmental stress adaptation, and coordinate corresponding processes at cellular and organismal levels. Consequently, the quality of mitochondrial health and homeostasis is a reliable target for health risk assessment at the stage of reversible damage to the health followed by cost-effective personalized protection against health-to-disease transition as well as for targeted protection against the disease progression (secondary care of cancer patients against growing primary tumors and metastatic disease). The energy reprogramming of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) attracts particular attention as clinically relevant and instrumental for the paradigm change from reactive medical services to predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (3PM). This article provides a detailed overview towards mechanisms and biological pathways involving metabolic reprogramming (MR) with respect to inhibiting the synthesis of biomolecules and blocking common NSCLC metabolic pathways as anti-NSCLC therapeutic strategies. For instance, mitophagy recycles macromolecules to yield mitochondrial substrates for energy homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Histone modification and DNA methylation can predict the onset of diseases, and plasma C7 analysis is an efficient medical service potentially resulting in an optimized healthcare economy in corresponding areas. The MEMP scoring provides the guidance for immunotherapy, prognostic assessment, and anti-cancer drug development. Metabolite sensing mechanisms of nutrients and their derivatives are potential MR-related therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, miR-495-3p reprogramming of sphingolipid rheostat by targeting Sphk1, 22/FOXM1 axis regulation, and A2 receptor antagonist are highly promising therapy strategies. TFEB as a biomarker in predicting immune checkpoint blockade and redox-related lncRNA prognostic signature (redox-LPS) are considered reliable predictive approaches. Finally, exemplified in this article metabolic phenotyping is instrumental for innovative population screening, health risk assessment, predictive multi-level diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatment algorithms tailored to personalized patient profiles-all are essential pillars in the paradigm change from reactive medical services to 3PM approach in overall management of lung cancers. This article highlights the 3PM relevant innovation focused on energy metabolism as the hub to advance NSCLC management benefiting vulnerable subpopulations, affected patients, and healthcare at large.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00357-5.

Comparative transcriptome and methylome of polar bears, giant and red pandas reveal diet-driven adaptive evolution

Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the evolution of species adaptations, yet little information is available on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in both giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To investigate the potential contribution of epigenetic to the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in giant and red pandas, we performed hepatic comparative transcriptome and methylome analyses between bamboo-eating pandas and carnivorous polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We found that genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and protein metabolism showed significant differences in methylation and expression levels between the two panda species and polar bears. Clustering analysis of gene expression revealed that giant pandas did not form a sister group with the more closely related polar bears, suggesting that the expression pattern of genes in livers of giant pandas and red pandas have evolved convergently driven by their similar diets. Compared to polar bears, some key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biological oxidation and cholesterol synthesis showed hypomethylation and higher expression in giant and red pandas, while genes involved in fat digestion and absorption, fatty acid metabolism, lysine degradation, resistance to lipid peroxidation and detoxification showed hypermethylation and low expression. Our study elucidates the special nutrient utilization mechanism of giant pandas and red pandas and provides some insights into the molecular mechanism of their adaptive evolution of bamboo feeding. This has important implications for the breeding and conservation of giant pandas and red pandas.

Comprehensive characterization of β-alanine metabolism-related genes in HCC identified a novel prognostic signature related to clinical outcomes

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands out as the most prevalent type of liver cancer and a significant contributor to cancer-related fatalities globally. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, plays a crucial role in HCC progression. However, the functions of β-alanine metabolism-related genes (βAMRGs) in HCC remain understudied. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of βAMRGs is required, specifically in HCC. Initially, we explored the pan-cancer landscape of βAMRGs, integrating expression profiles, prognostic values, mutations, and methylation levels. Subsequently, scRNA sequencing results indicated that hepatocytes had the highest scores of β-alanine metabolism. In the process of hepatocyte carcinogenesis, metabolic pathways were further activated. Using βAMRGs scores and expression profiles, we classified HCC patients into three subtypes and examined their prognosis and immune microenvironments. Cluster 3, characterized by the highest βAMRGs scores, displayed the best prognosis, reinforcing β-alanine's significant contribution to HCC pathophysiology. Notably, immune microenvironment, metabolism, and cell death modes significantly varied among the β-alanine subtypes. We developed and validated a novel prognostic panel based on βAMRGs and constructed a nomogram incorporating risk degree and clinicopathological characteristics. Among the model genes, EHHADH has been identified as a protective protein in HCC. Its expression was notably downregulated in tumors and exhibited a close correlation with factors such as tumor staging, grading, and prognosis. Immunohistochemical experiments, conducted using HCC tissue microarrays, substantiated the validation of its expression levels. In conclusion, this study uncovers β-alanine's significant role in HCC for the first time, suggesting new research targets and directions for diagnosis and treatment.

The microprotein encoded by exosomal lncAKR1C2 promotes gastric cancer lymph node metastasis by regulating fatty acid metabolism

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the prominent route of gastric cancer dissemination, and usually leads to tumor progression and a dismal prognosis of gastric cancer. Although exosomal lncRNAs have been reported to be involved in tumor development, whether secreted lncRNAs can encode peptides in recipient cells remains unknown. Here, we identified an exosomal lncRNA (lncAKR1C2) that was clinically correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer in a VEGFC-independent manner. Exo-lncAKR1C2 secreted from gastric cancer cells was demonstrated to enhance tube formation and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells, and facilitate lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. By comparing the metabolic characteristics of LN metastases and primary focuses, we found that LN metastases of gastric cancer displayed higher lipid metabolic activity. Moreover, exo-lncAKR1C2 encodes a microprotein (pep-AKR1C2) in lymphatic endothelial cells and promotes CPT1A expression by regulating YAP phosphorylation, leading to enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ATP production. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of LNM and suggest that the microprotein encoded by exosomal lncAKR1C2 serves as a therapeutic target for advanced gastric cancer.

Orchestral role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in T-cell malignancy

The immune function of normal T cells partially depends on the maneuvering of lipid metabolism through various stages and subsets. Interestingly, T-cell malignancies also reprogram their lipid metabolism to fulfill bioenergetic demand for rapid division. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in T-cell malignancies not only provides survival benefits but also contributes to their stemness, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Owing to distinctive lipid metabolic programming in T-cell cancer, quantitative, qualitative, and spatial enrichment of specific lipid molecules occur. The formation of lipid rafts rich in cholesterol confers physical strength and sustains survival signals. The accumulation of lipids through de novo synthesis and uptake of free lipids contribute to the bioenergetic reserve required for robust demand during migration and metastasis. Lipid storage in cells leads to the formation of specialized structures known as lipid droplets. The inimitable changes in fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are in dynamic balance in T-cell malignancies. FAO fuels the molecular pumps causing chemoresistance, while FAS offers structural and signaling lipids for rapid division. Lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer provides molecules having immunosuppressive abilities. Moreover, the distinctive composition of membrane lipids has implications for immune evasion by malignant cells of T-cell origin. Lipid droplets and lipid rafts are contributors to maintaining hallmarks of cancer in malignancies of T cells. In preclinical settings, molecular targeting of lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer potentiates the antitumor immunity and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, the direct and adjunct benefit of lipid metabolic targeting is expected to improve the clinical management of T-cell malignancies.

GDPD5 Related to Lipid Metabolism Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extracranial solid tumor in children with poor prognosis in high-risk patients and its pathogenesis and prognostic markers urgently need to be explored. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers related to NB from the aspect of lipid metabolism. Fifty-eight lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes between high-risk NB and non-high-risk NB in the GSE49710 dataset were analyzed using bioinformatics, including 45 down-regulated genes and 13 up-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified steroid hormone biosynthesis as an abnormal metabolic pathway in high-risk NB. Survival analysis established a three-gene prognostic model, including ACHE, GDPD5 and PIK3R1. In the test data, the AUCs of the established prognostic models used to predict patient survival at 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.84, 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. Finally, in the SH-SY5Y cell line, it was verified that overexpression of GDPD5 can inhibit cell proliferation and migration, as well as affect the lipid metabolism of SH-SY5Y, but not the sugar metabolism. hsa-miR-592 was predicted to be a potential target miRNA of GDPD5 by bioinformatics. In conclusion, this study develops a lipid-metabolism-related gene-based prognostic model for NB and demonstrates that GDPD5 inhibits SH-SY5Y proliferation and migration and may be targeted by hsa-miR-592 and inhibit SH-SY5Y fat synthesis.