1
|
Babaei A, Pourmotabbed A, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Bagheri R, Ghoreishy SM, Amirian P, Zarpoosh M, Mohammadi H, Kermani MAH, Fakhari H, Moradi S. The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult inflammatory bowel disease risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 4 035 694 participants. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:861-871. [PMID: 37632227 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is an inconsistency between the results obtained from observational studies regarding intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between UPF intake and the risk of IBD. DATA SOURCES Searches were performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to November 2, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Data were available from 24 studies including a total of 4 035 694 participants from 20 countries. DATA ANALYSIS Risk ratios for IBD were analyzed by a random-effects model. Outcomes indicated that UPF intake was linked to an increased risk of IBD (relative risk [RR], 1.13; 95%CI, 1.06-1.21; P = 0.001; I2 = 73.2%; n = 59; N = 4 035 694). This association was significant, especially for the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.00-1.41; I2 = 78.2%; P = 0.046; n = 23; N = 2 167 160), unlike the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) (RR = 1.11; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26; P = 0.085; I2 = 60.3%; n = 27; N = 2 167 918). Also, results revealed that each 10% enhancement in daily UPF intake was not related to the risk of IBD (RR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.98-1.14; P = 0.168; I2 = 31.9%; n = 4) or the risk of UC (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.92-1.11; P = 0.876; I2 = 34.7%; n = 2) in adults. However, results suggested that for every 10% increase in daily UPF intake, there was a 19% increase in the risk of CD (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.01-1.32; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.0%; n = 2) among adults. In addition, the results showed a positive linear relation between UPF intake with CD risk (Pnonlinearity = 0.431; Pdose response = 0.049) but not risk of IBD or UC. CONCLUSION High intake of UPFs was linked with an enhanced IBD risk, a specific risk of CD. However, conducting more observational studies among several ethnicities and using specific tools that accurately assess the amount of UPF consumption, components of UPFs, and food additives may be necessary. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023390258.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Babaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmotabbed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Amirian
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Fakhari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahmoodi M, Shateri Z, Nouri M, Vali M, Nasimi N, Sohrabi Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Makhtoomi M. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults: a case-control study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38468213 PMCID: PMC10929141 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive disease with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. No study has investigated the association between healthy beverage index (HBI) and sarcopenia in older adults. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between HBI and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults. METHODS In the present case-control study, 80 sarcopenic and 80 non-sarcopenic participants matched in sex were included. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and gait speed were utilized to confirm sarcopenia. Also, a food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate food intake. HBI score was calculated based on ten sub-components of the total beverages. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to assess the association between HBI and sarcopenia. RESULTS In the crude model, we observed no significant association between HBI and the odds of sarcopenia. Still, after adjusting the confounders, the odds of developing sarcopenia decreased significantly in the second and last tertiles (T) (T2- odds ratio (OR) = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.25 and T3- OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.60). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that HBI is inversely related to the chance of sarcopenia. Therefore, to reduce the odds of sarcopenia, it is recommended to consume healthy drinks such as fruit juices and milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nasimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Del Pozo Iribarren R, Mardones L, Villagrán M, Muñoz K, Troncoso L, Mellado M, Muñoz M. Effect of various dietary fructose concentrations on the gallstone formation process in mice. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:194-201. [PMID: 37705438 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: little information is availaible on the effect of fructose on bile lipids. The first stage in the formation of gallstones corresponds to biliary cholesterol crystallization, derived from the vesicular transporters. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of consuming diets with different fructose concentrations on serum lipids and their implications on gallstones formation. Methods: BALB/c mice divided into a control group as well as groups were treated with different fructose concentrations (10 %, 30 %, 50 % or 70 %) for different periods (1, 2 or 5 months). Blood, liver and bile samples were obtained. In bile samples, cholesterol and phospholipids levels were analyzed, and cholesterol transporters (vesicles and micelles) were separated by gel filtration chromatography. Results: treated animals showed: 1) increases in body weight similar to the control group; 2) a significant increase in plasma triglycerides only at very high fructose concentrations; 3) a significant increase in total serum cholesterol in the treatment for 1 month; 4) no variations in HDL-cholesterol; 5) a significant increase in serum glucose only at very high fructose concentrations in the second month of treatment; 6) no differences in the plasma alanine-aminotransferase activity; 7) a significant increase in liver triglyceride levels only at very high fructose concentrations; 8) no change in biliary lipid concentrations or in micellar and vesicular phospholipids. Conclusion: changes in plasma, liver and bile lipids were only observed at very high fructose concentrations diets. We conclude that fructose apparently does not alter the gallstone formation process in our experimental model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Marcelo Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Katia Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Luciano Troncoso
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Maximiliano Mellado
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Mirna Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beiranvand R, Mansournia MA, Vahid F, Nejatisafa AA, Nedjat S. Association between dietary inflammatory index and mental disorders using multilevel modeling with GLIMMIX. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1288793. [PMID: 38282958 PMCID: PMC10811207 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1288793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a composite nutritional index that has gained significant attention in the past decade due to its association with physical and mental well-being. To accurately assess the precise effects of DII on health outcomes, the effects of nutrients and foods need to be adjusted. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII and mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress) using multilevel modeling to minimize the bias of the previous methods. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using data from the initial phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Employees' Cohort Study (TEC). Nutritional information was obtained through a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DFQ), while psychological data were collected using the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-42). The acquired data were analyzed using multilevel modeling in three levels (foods, nutrients, and DII, respectively) through GLIMMIX in the SAS software. Results A total of 3,501 individuals participated in this study. The results of the multilevel model demonstrated a significant statistical association between DII and mental disorders after adjusting for baseline characteristics, nutrients and foods. For each unit increase in DII, the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression increased by 3.55, 4.26, and 3.02, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the multilevel model's findings, it is recommended to minimize the use of pro-inflammatory nutrients and foods to increase the mental health. Multilevel data analysis has also been recommended in nutritional studies involving nested data to obtain more accurate and plausible estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Beiranvand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Group, School of Heath, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Association of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo M, Su HC, Lin JE, Zhu CH, Lin LH, Han Y. A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Atopic Dermatitis Severity. Dermatitis 2024; 35:S81-S90. [PMID: 37126941 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has the highest burden of any skin disease; however, the severity-associated factors remain unclear. Objective: To evaluate potential severity-associated factors of AD and to design and validate a severity prediction model to inform the management of AD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 900 AD patients was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022 at our hospital. The primary outcome was disease severity, categorized as mild, moderate, or severe using the scoring atopic dermatitis index. Ordinal logistic regression and bootstrapped validation were used to derive and internally validate the model. Results: Increasing age, elevated eosinophil level, higher economic status, and urban residence were associated with severe AD. Breastfeeding, disinfectants and topical emollients use, and short duration of bathing were associated with mild AD. In the prediction model, predictors included age, eosinophil and economic status, residence, feeding, disinfectants and emollients use, and duration of bathing. Prediction models demonstrated good discrimination (bias-corrected concordance index [c-index] = 0.72) and good calibration. Conclusion: Risk factors for the severity of AD were identified that could aid the early prediction of AD progression. The predictive model included variables that are easily evaluated and could inform personalized prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huichun C Su
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinger E Lin
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Changhua H Zhu
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihang H Lin
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yue Han
- From the Department of Dermatology, the Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martinez O, Steele CC, Steele TJ, Emerson S, Cull BJ, Kurti SP, Rosenkranz SK. Effects of short-term sugary beverage consumption on glucose control and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled parallel-arm trial. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:195-202. [PMID: 35080487 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine differences in glucose control and cardiovascular disease risk factors following three weeks of added soda, 100% fruit juice, or water in apparently healthy, college-aged adults. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six adults (18 males; 18 females) between the ages of 18 and 30 years of age. METHODS A 3-arm randomized controlled parallel-arm trial; at baseline and after three weeks consuming the assigned beverage, participants completed glucose control and cardiovascular disease risk factor assessments. RESULTS There were no significant differences between beverage conditions for glucose control or cardiovascular disease risk factors (ps > 0.05). There were no significant changes in caloric intake or differences in caloric intake between conditions, p = 0.17. CONCLUSIONS In healthy, young adults, under free-living conditions, short-term consumption of two commercially packaged servings of SBs did not lead to significant glucose control or cardiovascular disease risk factor changes, indicating potential compensation and/or resilience to negative short-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivet Martinez
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Catherine C Steele
- Department of Psychology and Communication, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, USA
| | - Trevor J Steele
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Sam Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Brooke J Cull
- Midwest Veterinary Services Central States Research Centre, Oakland, Nebraska, USA
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi D, Tao Y, Wei L, Yan D, Liang H, Zhang J, Wang Z. The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Attributed to Diet High in Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102043. [PMID: 37595857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and aims to provide evidence for preventive measures. The analysis involved a comprehensive scrutiny of CVD-related data from 1990 to 2019. Temporal trends of ASMR and ASDR were assessed using the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC). Globally, there was an increase in deaths and DALYs from 1990 to 2019, despite decreasing ASMR and ASDR. In 2019, SSB-related CVDs accounted for approximately 193.1 thousand deaths and 3973.2 thousand DALYs. China had the highest number of deaths, Tajikistan had the highest ASMR, and Yemen had the highest ASDR in 2019. ASMR and ASDR increased with age and were higher in males. Deaths and DALYs increased overall, except in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions. ASMR and ASDR declined across SDI regions, with the steepest decline in high SDI regions (EAPC: -2.8 for ASMR, -2.36 for ASDR). ASDR increased in low SDI countries but decreased in high SDI countries. This study provides comprehensive insights into the global burden of SSB-related CVDs. Urgent interventions and policies are needed to reduce SSB consumption and mitigate the impact on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujia Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongqing Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongsen Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang T, Masedunskas A, Willett WC, Fontana L. Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3423-3439. [PMID: 37450568 PMCID: PMC10516628 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular thanks to their purported health benefits and more recently for their positive environmental impact. Prospective studies suggest that consuming vegetarian diets is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, dementia, and cancer. Data from randomized clinical trials have confirmed a protective effect of vegetarian diets for the prevention of diabetes and reductions in weight, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but to date, no data are available for cardiovascular event rates and cognitive impairment, and there are very limited data for cancer. Moreover, not all plant-based foods are equally healthy. Unhealthy vegetarian diets poor in specific nutrients (vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and calcium) and/or rich in highly processed and refined foods increase morbidity and mortality. Further mechanistic studies are desirable to understand whether the advantages of healthy, minimally processed vegetarian diets represent an all-or-nothing phenomenon and whether consuming primarily plant-based diets containing small quantities of animal products (e.g. pesco-vegetarian or Mediterranean diets) has beneficial, detrimental, or neutral effects on cardiometabolic health outcomes. Further, mechanistic studies are warranted to enhance our understanding about healthy plant-based food patterns and the biological mechanisms linking dietary factors, CVD, and other metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lopes KLS, Figueiredo N, Kattah FM, Lima GC, Oliveira ES, Horst MA, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Whitton RGM, de Souza Abreu V, Duarte ACS, Pimentel GD, Corgosinho FC. The degree of food processing can influence serum fatty acid and lipid profiles in women with severe obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1046710. [PMID: 37786791 PMCID: PMC10541961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1046710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and may be related to the increase in the disorders involving metabolism and the transport and storage of fatty acids. Objective To evaluate the effect of processed food consumption according to the degree of processing on the serum fatty acid levels and lipid profile of women with severe obesity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from anthropometric assessments, the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and blood tests for lipidogram studies and serum fatty acid measurements. The foods consumed were identified through the FFQ and classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA rating, and the frequencies of consumption were transformed into scores, as proposed by Fornés methodology. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21. The significance level for the analysis was set at 5%. Results This study included 44 women with a mean age of 40.59 years and mean body mass index of 48.61 kg/m2. An inverse association was observed between the consumption of unprocessed and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.021) and levels of triglycerides (p = 0.047), total cholesterol (p = 0.030), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.039). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) and omega 6/3 ratio (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with total omega 3 levels (p = 0.011). The consumption of processed foods was positively associated with total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and negatively associated with the omega 3/6 ratio (p = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the average consumption of ultra-processed foods (at least once a week) and serum level of high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.035). Conclusion The consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods was associated with unfavorable lipid profiles and fatty acid levels in women with severe obesity. These results emphasize the importance of promoting the consumption of unprocessed food to mitigate metabolic disorders linked to processed food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karem Lays Soares Lopes
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nayra Figueiredo
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins Kattah
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Carielo Lima
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Emilly Santos Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria Aderuza Horst
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Paulista Medicine School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amélia Cristina Stival Duarte
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Pimentel
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávia Campos Corgosinho
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás – PPGNUT-FANUT-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Q, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Khan TA, Au-Yeung F, Lee D, Cheung A, Zurbau A, Choo VL, Mejia SB, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Fructose-containing food sources and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0264802. [PMID: 37582096 PMCID: PMC10427023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether food source or energy mediates the effect of fructose-containing sugars on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control on BP. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library through June 2021 for controlled trials ≥7-days. We prespecified 4 trial designs: substitution (energy matched substitution of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added); subtraction (excess energy from sugars subtracted); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Outcomes were systolic and diastolic BP. Independent reviewers extracted data. GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. We included 93 reports (147 trial comparisons, N = 5,213) assessing 12 different food sources across 4 energy control levels in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Total fructose-containing sugars had no effect in substitution, subtraction, or ad libitum trials but decreased systolic and diastolic BP in addition trials (P<0.05). There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: fruit and 100% fruit juice decreased and mixed sources (with sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) increased BP in addition trials and the removal of SSBs (linear dose response gradient) and mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased BP in subtraction trials. The certainty of evidence was generally moderate. Food source and energy control appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on BP. The evidence provides a good indication that fruit and 100% fruit juice at low doses (up to or less than the public health threshold of ~10% E) lead to small, but important reductions in BP, while the addition of excess energy of mixed sources (with SSBs) at high doses (up to 23%) leads to moderate increases and their removal or the removal of SSBs alone (up to ~20% E) leads to small, but important decreases in BP in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02716870.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian L. Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Pinto BAS, França LM, Soley BDS, Santos GS, Saminez WFDS, Fernandes FKM, Lima JLDC, Maria-Ferreira D, Rodrigues JFS, Quintão NLM, Monteiro-Neto V, Paes AMA, Fernandes ES. Analysis of the Effect of the TRPC4/TRPC5 Blocker, ML204, in Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Imbalance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1100. [PMID: 37631015 PMCID: PMC10459798 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-induced metabolic imbalances are a major health problem since an excessive consumption of saccharides has been linked to greater obesity rates at a global level. Sucrose, a disaccharide composed of 50% glucose and 50% fructose, is commonly used in the food industry and found in a range of fast, restaurant, and processed foods. Herein, we investigated the effects of a TRPC4/TRPC5 blocker, ML204, in the metabolic imbalances triggered by early exposure to sucrose-enriched diet in mice. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the family of non-selective Ca+2 channels known as transient receptor potential channels. High-sucrose (HS)-fed animals with hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, were accompanied by increased body mass index. mesenteric adipose tissue accumulation with larger diameter cells and hepatic steatosis in comparison to those fed normal diet. HS mice also exhibited enhanced adipose, liver, and pancreas TNFα and VEGF levels. ML204 exacerbated hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, fat tissue deposition, hepatic steatosis, and adipose tissue and liver TNFα in HS-fed mice. Normal mice treated with the blocker had greater hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue cell numbers/diameter than those receiving vehicle, but showed no significant changes in tissue inflammation, glucose, and lipid levels. The results indicate that TRPC4/TRPC5 protect against the metabolic imbalances caused by HS ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.); (W.F.d.S.S.); (F.K.M.F.); (J.F.S.R.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (D.M.-F.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil; (J.P.P.); (L.M.F.); (J.L.d.C.L.); (V.M.-N.); (A.M.A.P.)
| | - Bruno A. S. Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Lucas M. França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil; (J.P.P.); (L.M.F.); (J.L.d.C.L.); (V.M.-N.); (A.M.A.P.)
| | - Bruna da Silva Soley
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.); (W.F.d.S.S.); (F.K.M.F.); (J.F.S.R.)
| | - Warlison F. de Silva Saminez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.); (W.F.d.S.S.); (F.K.M.F.); (J.F.S.R.)
| | - Fernanda K. M. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.); (W.F.d.S.S.); (F.K.M.F.); (J.F.S.R.)
| | - João L. do Carmo Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil; (J.P.P.); (L.M.F.); (J.L.d.C.L.); (V.M.-N.); (A.M.A.P.)
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (D.M.-F.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - João F. S. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.); (W.F.d.S.S.); (F.K.M.F.); (J.F.S.R.)
| | - Nara L. M. Quintão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajai, Itajaí 88302-901, SC, Brazil;
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil; (J.P.P.); (L.M.F.); (J.L.d.C.L.); (V.M.-N.); (A.M.A.P.)
| | - Antônio M. A. Paes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil; (J.P.P.); (L.M.F.); (J.L.d.C.L.); (V.M.-N.); (A.M.A.P.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (D.M.-F.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nouri M, Shateri Z, Rezaei M, Zangene A, Homayounfar R, Keshani P. Healthy beverage index could decrease odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4562-4571. [PMID: 37576062 PMCID: PMC10420765 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were related to MetS risk, and others found no relationship between MetS and SSBs. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between healthy beverage index (HBI) and MetS in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on baseline data FASA cohort. Out of 10,127 participants in the FASA cohort study, 8838 participants were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III was used for MetS definition. The HBI was calculated by a 125-item food frequency questionnaire with standard criteria. The association between HBI and MetS and its components was evaluated by univariate regression. Multivariate regression with the backward method was used for adjusting confounders. p < .05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to the first quartile, it was observed that HBI in the last quartile was significantly related to lower odds of MetS in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.87, p < .001). Also, we observed a significant association between the last quartile of HBI with lower odds of high waist circumference (WC) (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45-0.67, p < .002). Our findings showed that the higher HBI score reduced MetS odds and WC. Therefore, to reduce the odds of MetS, a healthy pattern of beverage consumption, including drinking water, low-fat milk, unsweetened tea, and coffee, and reducing the consumption of SSB are recommended. More studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research CommitteeAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mahshid Rezaei
- Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Ali Zangene
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research CenterFasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lieske B, Moszka N, Borof K, Petersen EL, Jagemann B, Ebinghaus M, Beikler T, Heydecke G, Aarabi G, Zyriax BC. Association between an Anti-Inflammatory Dietary Score and Periodontitis-Evidence from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3235. [PMID: 37513653 PMCID: PMC10386141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effects of dietary patterns on cardiovascular risk and diabetes have been well studied, the evidence is scarce as to which diet has the greatest anti-inflammatory potential and how dietary patterns are associated with periodontitis. In the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS), we developed an anti-inflammatory dietary score using a data-driven approach based on the relationship of relevant selected food groups with inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP and IL-6). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between the anti-inflammatory dietary score and the incidence of periodontitis in Hamburg, Germany. A total of n = 5642 participants fit the required inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Periodontal disease was assessed using probing depth, gingival recession, and bleeding on probing. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A self-developed anti-inflammatory dietary score served as the key explanatory variable. Higher scores reflected lower inflammatory processes (measured through the biomarkers hsCRP and IL-6). Several covariates were included in the regression analysis. Regressions revealed that a higher anti-inflammatory dietary score was significantly associated with lower odds to be affected by periodontal disease in an unadjusted model (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.89, p < 0.001) and in an adjusted model (age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity) (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98, p = 0.003). Our study demonstrated a significant inverse association between an anti-inflammatory dietary score and periodontitis. Individuals with higher intake of proinflammatory nutrition should be specifically addressed to avoid periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berit Lieske
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Moszka
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borof
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elina Larissa Petersen
- Population Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Merle Ebinghaus
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ghazal Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Care Research and Prevention, Research Group Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Institute for Health Service Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sneed NM, Azuero A, Moss J, Goss AM, Morrison SA. Total added sugar consumption is not significantly associated with risk for prediabetes among U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286759. [PMID: 37339144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes affects 38% of U.S. adults and is primarily linked to added sugars consumed from sugar-sweetened beverages. It is unclear if total dietary intake of added sugar also increases the risk for prediabetes. This study examined if total (g/day) and percent intakes of <10%, 10-15%, or >15% added sugar increase the odds for prediabetes in U.S. adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis using 2013-2018 NHANES data was conducted. This study included data from U.S. adults ≥ 20 years with normoglycemia (N = 2,154) and prediabetes (N = 3,152) with 1-2 days of dietary recall information. Prediabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c of 5.7%-6.4% or a fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of prediabetes based on usual intakes of added sugar (total and percent intakes) using the National Cancer Institute Method. Differences in prediabetes risk and total and percent intakes of added sugar were compared by race/ethnicity. The sample's total energy intake from added sugar was 13.9%. Total (unadjusted: OR: 1.01, 95% CI: .99-1.00, p = .26; adjusted: OR: 1.00, 95% CI: .99-1.00, p = .91) and percent intakes of added sugar (unadjusted [<10%: (ref); 10-15%: OR: .93, 95% CI: .77-1.12, p = .44; >15%: OR: 1.03, 95% CI: .82-1.28, p = .82] and adjusted [<10%: (ref); 10-15%: OR: .82, 95% CI: .65-1.04, p = .09; >15%: OR: .96, 95% CI: .74-1.24, p = .73]) were not significantly associated with an increased odds of prediabetes. Prediabetes risk did not differ by race/ethnicity for total (unadjusted model [p = .65]; adjusted model [p = .51]) or percent (unadjusted model [p = .21]; adjusted model [p = .11]) added sugar intakes. In adults ≥20 years with normoglycemia and prediabetes, total added sugar consumption did not significantly increase one's risk for prediabetes and risk estimates did not differ by race/ethnicity. Experimental studies should expand upon this work to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Markie Sneed
- Office of Research and Scholarship, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Andres Azuero
- Office of Research and Scholarship, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Moss
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shannon A Morrison
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naomi ND, Ngo J, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Buso MEC, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Raben A, Geleijnse JM, Serra-Majem L, Feskens EJM. Sugar-sweetened beverages, low/no-calorie beverages, fruit juice and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease defined by fatty liver index: the SWEET project. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 37085478 PMCID: PMC10121594 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetened beverage intake may play a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development, but scientific evidence on their role is limited. This study examined associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB) and fruit juice (FJ) intakes and NAFLD in four European studies. METHODS Data for 42,024 participants of Lifelines Cohort, NQPlus, PREDIMED-Plus and Alpha Omega Cohort were cross-sectionally analysed. NAFLD was assessed using Fatty Liver Index (FLI) (≥60). Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to visualize dose-response associations in Lifelines Cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses with robust variance were performed for associations in individual cohorts; data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors. RESULTS Each additional serving of SSB per day was associated with a 7% higher FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence (95%CI 1.03-1.11). For LNCB, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association with FLI-defined NAFLD, with the association getting stronger when consuming ≤1 serving/day and levelling off at higher intake levels. Pooled Cox analysis showed that intake of >2 LNCB servings/week was positively associated with FLI-defined NAFLD (PR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.61; reference: non-consumers). An inverse association was observed for FJ intake of ≤2 servings/week (PR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88-0.97; reference: non-consumers), but not at higher intake levels. Theoretical replacement of SSB with FJ showed no significant association with FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence (PR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00), whereas an adverse association was observed when SSB was replaced with LNCB (PR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.21). CONCLUSIONS Pooling results of this study showed that SSB and LNCB were positively associated with FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence. Theoretical replacement of SSB with LNCB was associated with higher FLI-defined NAFLD prevalence. An inverse association was observed between moderate intake of FJ and FLI-defined NAFLD. Our results should be interpreted with caution as reverse causality cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Novita D Naomi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joy Ngo
- Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marion E C Buso
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CORPS) Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | | | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salinas-Mandujano RG, Laiseca-Jácome E, Ramos-Gómez M, Reynoso-Camacho R, Salgado LM, Anaya-Loyola MA. Beverage Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intake Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Mexican Young Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081817. [PMID: 37111036 PMCID: PMC10143430 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been related to metabolic diseases. Our objective was to identify beverage consumption patterns, nutrient intake, and their possible association with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Mexican young adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Beverage consumption patterns were obtained by principal components analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between the beverage patterns and cardiovascular risk factors. Four beverage patterns were identified. Higher consumption of alcoholic beverages was associated with lower odds for high body fat percent (OR: 0.371; 95% CI: 0.173-0.798), high blood pressure (OR: 0.318; 95% CI: 0.116-0.871), and high glucose (OR: 0.232; 95% CI: 0.061-0.875). Higher consumption of yogurt was associated with lower odds for high glucose (OR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.22-0.559). In contrast, highest consumption of juice had greater odds for high triglycerides (OR: 1.084; 95% CI: 1.011-4.656). Higher consumption of milk was associated with greater odds for high glucose (OR: 5.304; 95% CI: 1.292-21.773). Beverage consumption habits in Mexican young adults are associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, intervening during young adulthood should be considered in order to improve current health and prevent cardiovascular mortality in later decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefany Laiseca-Jácome
- Graduate Studies in Human Nutrition, Department of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Minerva Ramos-Gómez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Salgado
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Graduate Studies in Human Nutrition, Department of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiavaroli L, Cheung A, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Lee D, Au-Yeung F, Qi X, Back S, McGlynn N, Ha V, Lai E, Khan TA, Blanco Mejia S, Zurbau A, Choo VL, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:741-765. [PMID: 36842451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) providing excess energy increase adiposity. The effect of other food sources of sugars at different energy control levels is unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars by energy control on adiposity. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through April 2022 for controlled trials ≥2 wk. We prespecified 4 trial designs by energy control: substitution (energy-matched replacement of sugars), addition (energy from sugars added), subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted), and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Independent authors extracted data. The primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS We included 169 trials (255 trial comparisons, n = 10,357) assessing 14 food sources at 4 energy control levels over a median 12 wk. Total fructose-containing sugars increased body weight (MD: 0.28 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.50 kg; PMD = 0.011) in addition trials and decreased body weight (MD: -0.96 kg; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.14 kg; PMD = 0.022) in subtraction trials with no effect in substitution or ad libitum trials. There was interaction/influence by food sources on body weight: substitution trials [fruits decreased; added nutritive sweeteners and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; addition trials [dried fruits, honey, fruits (≤10%E), and 100% fruit juice (≤10%E) decreased; SSBs, fruit drink, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; subtraction trials [removal of mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased]; and ad libitum trials [mixed sources (with/without SSBs) increased]. GRADE scores were generally moderate. Results were similar across secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Energy control and food sources mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on adiposity. The evidence provides a good indication that excess energy from sugars (particularly SSBs at high doses ≥20%E or 100 g/d) increase adiposity, whereas their removal decrease adiposity. Most other food sources had no effect, with some showing decreases (particularly fruits at lower doses ≤10%E or 50 g/d). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02558920 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02558920).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - XinYe Qi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Songhee Back
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Néma McGlynn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ethan Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian L Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Ms Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril Wc Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Ja Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rasaei N, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Gholami F, Shiraseb F, Khadem A, Fatemi SF, Mirzaei K. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36717830 PMCID: PMC9887919 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULT In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Metabolic Effects and Safety Aspects of Acute D-allulose and Erythritol Administration in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020458. [PMID: 36678329 PMCID: PMC9863415 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in sugar consumption is associated with various negative metabolic and inflammatory effects; therefore, alternative sweeteners become of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic effects and safety aspects of acute D-allulose and erythritol on glucose, insulin, ghrelin, blood lipids, uric acid, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In three study visits, 18 healthy subjects received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose or 50 g erythritol, or 300 mL tap water (placebo) in a randomized, double-blind and crossover order. To measure the aforementioned parameters, blood samples were drawn at fixed time intervals. Glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after D-allulose compared to tap water (p = 0.001, dz = 0.91 and p = 0.005, dz = 0.58, respectively); however, Bayesian models show no difference for insulin in response to D-allulose compared to tap water, and there was no effect after erythritol. An exploratory analysis showed that ghrelin concentrations were reduced after erythritol compared to tap water (p = 0.026, dz = 0.59), with no effect after D-allulose; in addition, both sweeteners had no effect on blood lipids, uric acid and hsCRP. This combination of properties identifies both sweeteners as excellent candidates for effective and safe sugar alternatives.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nguyen M, Jarvis SE, Tinajero MG, Yu J, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Khan TA, Tobias DK, Willett WC, Hu FB, Hanley AJ, Birken CS, Sievenpiper JL, Malik VS. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:160-174. [PMID: 36789935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been implicated in fueling the obesity epidemic. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to update a synthesis of the evidence on SSBs and weight gain in children and adults. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through September 8, 2022, for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated intake of SSBs in relation to BMI and body weight in children and adults, respectively. Eligible interventions were compared against a noncaloric control. Study-level estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and presented as β-coefficients with 95% CIs for cohorts and weighted mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs. RESULTS We identified 85 articles including 48 in children (40 cohorts, n = 91,713; 8 RCTs, n = 2783) and 37 in adults (21 cohorts, n = 448,661; 16 RCTs, n = 1343). Among cohort studies, each serving/day increase in SSB intake was associated with a 0.07-kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.04 kg/m2, 0.10 kg/m2) higher BMI in children and a 0.42-kg (95% CI: 0.26 kg, 0.58 kg) higher body weight in adults. RCTs in children indicated less BMI gain with SSB reduction interventions compared with control (MD: -0.21 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.40 kg/m2, -0.01 kg/m2). In adults, randomization to addition of SSBs to the diet led to greater body weight gain (MD: 0.83 kg; 95% CI: 0.47 kg, 1.19 kg), and subtraction of SSBs led to weight loss (MD: -0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.66 kg, -0.32 kg) compared with the control groups. A positive linear dose-response association between SSB consumption and weight gain was found in all outcomes assessed. CONCLUSIONS Our updated systematic review and meta-analysis expands on prior evidence to confirm that SSB consumption promotes higher BMI and body weight in both children and adults, underscoring the importance of dietary guidance and public policy strategies to limit intake. This meta-analysis was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42020209915.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E Jarvis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria G Tinajero
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis & Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin WT, Kao YH, Li MS, Luo T, Lin HY, Lee CH, Seal DW, Hu CY, Chen LS, Tseng TS. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Intake, Abdominal Obesity, and Inflammation among US Adults without and with Prediabetes-An NHANES Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:681. [PMID: 36613000 PMCID: PMC9819548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and abdominal obesity have been independently linked to numerous disorders, including diabetes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). This study aimed to explore the association between SSB intake, abdominal obesity, and inflammation in normal and prediabetic adults. Sugar intake from SSBs was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls and further classified into non-, medium-, and high-intake. The status of non- and prediabetes was identified based on hemoglobin A1c level. All analyses were performed under a survey module with appropriate sampling weights to control for the complex survey design. A total of 5250 eligible adults without diabetes were selected from the 2007-2010 NHANES. A 1.31-fold increased risk of developing prediabetes was observed in people who consumed high sugar from SSBs when compared to non-SSB consumers. Among individuals with prediabetes, adults who consumed a high amount of sugar from SSB had a 1.57-fold higher risk to increase CRP when compared to non-SSB consumers, even after adjusting for abdominal obesity. Furthermore, the association between the high amount of sugar intake from SSBs and elevated CRP was strengthened by abdominal obesity in prediabetes (p for interaction term = 0.030). Our findings highlight that a positive association between sugar intake from SSBs and CRP levels was only observed in US adults with prediabetes. Abdominal obesity may strengthen this effect in prediabetic adults with a high amount of sugar intake from SSBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Lin
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kao
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mirandy S. Li
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - David W. Seal
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chih-yang Hu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lei-Shih Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kohli A, Pandey RM, Siddhu A, Reddy KS. Development of a diet pattern assessment tool for coronary heart disease risk reduction. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100317. [PMID: 36193539 PMCID: PMC9526230 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Existing diet indices have gaps including neglect of the patterns of intake known to affect the final metabolic impact and use of measurement units prone to reporting error, and have applicability that is limited to specific populations. This study sought to develop a tool for diet-pattern assessment (Prudent Approach to Cardiovascular Epidemic, for Indians – Diet Quality Index (iPACE-DQI)) to reduce diet-related coronary-heart-disease (CHD) risk. Study design The iPACE-DQI was developed on a 0–100 points scale (higher numeric value healthier). A proof-of-concept analysis was done to examine its construct validity and relation with risk-markers. Methods Development of iPACE-DQI was partly guided by ‘prudent diet’ principles, with assessment focus on quality, quantity, and the pattern of intake. In the second part of the study, construct validity was evaluated by association of iPACE-DQI score with nutrients. Further, relationship of the score with risk-markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), body-mass-index(BMI) and body-fat-percent was examined at single-point-in-time (baseline), and predictive ability of score change on hs-CRP change was evaluated in a proof-of-concept 12-weeks pre-post intervention, among free-living Indians (25–44years,n = 55) in an urban setting. Results The iPACE-DQI consists of eight main components. Associations of iPACE-DQI score with mean daily intake of key nutrients were robust and in expected direction [total-dietary-fiber (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), crude-fiber (r = 0.6, p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-fat (r = −0.4, p = 0.002), vitamin-C (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-carbohydrate (r = 0.3, p = 0.017)]. Trends of hs-CRP, BMI and body-fat-percent across increasing diet-pattern score showed highest degree of abnormality in lowest tertile (≤35). Logistic regression model indicated higher likelihood for hs-CRP reduction (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 0.5–4.9) among those with ≥20% increase in iPACE-DQI score as compared with <20% increase or no-increase over 12-weeks Conclusion The iPACE-DQI is a 100-point scale that assesses diet-pattern with respect to CHD-risk. The proposed tool could be useful for researchers/health practitioners to track diet-pattern change and concomitant CHD-risk reduction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu BP, Jia CX, Li SX. Soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms among the adolescents of United States: The mediating role of aggressive behaviors. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:27-34. [PMID: 35878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence for the association among soft drink consumption, aggressive behaviors, and depressive symptoms among the adolescents. METHODS Data were derived from a national representative sample of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of United States during 2011 to 2019. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling design were used to estimate the effect of soft drink consumption on aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms. Mediating analysis was used to explore the association between soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms by aggressive behaviors. FINDINGS The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3l.2 % (30.3 %-32.0 %). Compared with none of soft drink consumption, <1 time/day (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.19-1.41), 1-2 times/day (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.33-1.67), and ≥3 times/day (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.70-2.24) were significantly associated with increased risk of aggressive behaviors. High levels of soft drink consumption (1-2 times/day, OR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.32; ≥3 times/day, OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.42-1.81) and aggressive behaviors (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.84-2.13) were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. A linear dose-response relationship of soft drink consumption with aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms was found in this study (all p < 0.001). Aggressive behaviors partially mediated the association between soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms and each pathway was statistically significant. LIMITATIONS The causal relationship was not able to certain because of the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS The mediating role of aggressive behaviors on the association of high levels of soft drink consumptions with depressive symptoms should be paid more attention among the adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Peng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shi-Xue Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Bi C, Liu H, Lin H, Cai R, Zhang J. Association of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with psychological symptoms among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1024946. [PMID: 36312111 PMCID: PMC9608563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health of college students has become a public health issue of common concern worldwide. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem has become even more acute. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese college students in order to promote their mental health. METHODS The study population was 6,120 college students aged 19-22 years from Anhui, Henan and Xinjiang, China. Basic demographic information, covariates and SSB Consumption data were collected through a self-assessment questionnaire. The "Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents" was used to assess the psychological symptoms of college students. The Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the differences and associations between SSB consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese college students. RESULTS The detection rate of psychological symptoms among Chinese college students was 8.1%. The detection rate of boys students was 9.4% and that of girls students was 7.1%, and the difference was statistically significant in comparison (χ 2-value was 11.08, p < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, Model 2 analysis showed that compared to SSB consumption <2 time/week, college students with SSB consumption ≥2 time/week (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.36, 3.70) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms (p < 0.001). The same trend was found for emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms, and social adaptation difficulties dimensions. CONCLUSION There is an association between SSB consumption and the occurrence of psychological symptoms among Chinese college students. Future measures should be taken to reduce both SSB consumption and the incidence of psychological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Public Teaching Department, Zhumadian Vocational and Technical College, Zhumadian, China
| | - Cunjian Bi
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - He Liu
- Research Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongniu Lin
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Ruibao Cai
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
- Sports Health Promotion Center, Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Geidl-Flueck B, Hochuli M, Spinas GA, Gerber PA. Do Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Increase Fasting FGF21 Irrespective of the Type of Added Sugar? A Secondary Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194169. [PMID: 36235821 PMCID: PMC9572320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a multifaceted metabolic regulator considered to control sugar intake and to exert beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated serum FGF21 levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, suggesting a state of FGF21 resistance. Further, given the evidence of a hepatic ChREBP and FGF21 signaling axis, it can be assumed that SSBs containing fructose would possibly increase FGF21 concentrations. We investigated the effects of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on fasting FGF21 levels in healthy, lean men, discriminating the effects of glucose, fructose, and their disaccharide sucrose by secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Seven weeks of daily SSB consumption resulted in increased fasting FGF21 in healthy, lean men, irrespective of the sugar type. Medians of ΔFGF21 between post-SSB intervention values (week 7) and no-intervention period values (IQR) in pg/mL were: glucose 17.4 (0.4–45.8), fructose 22.9 (−8.6–35.1), and sucrose 13.7 (2.2–46.1). In contrast, this change in FGF21 concentration was only 6.3 (−20.1–26.9) pg/mL in the control group. The lack of a fructose-specific effect on FGF21 concentrations is contrary to our assumption. It is concluded that SSB intake may impact FGF21 concentrations and could contribute to the increased FGF21 concentrations observed in subjects suffering from metabolic syndrome that is possibly associated with decreased FGF21 responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Geidl-Flueck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich and University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-3620
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giatgen A. Spinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich and University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A. Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich and University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hernández-Díazcouder A, González-Ramírez J, Sanchez F, Leija-Martínez JJ, Martínez-Coronilla G, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Negative Effects of Chronic High Intake of Fructose on Lung Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194089. [PMID: 36235741 PMCID: PMC9571075 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern diet, excessive fructose intake (>50 g/day) had been driven by the increase, in recent decades, of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This phenomenon has dramatically increased within the Caribbean and Latin American regions. Epidemiological studies show that chronic high intake of fructose related to sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and may also contribute to the exacerbation of lung diseases, such as COVID-19. Evidence supports several mechanisms—such as dysregulation of the renin−angiotensin system, increased uric acid production, induction of aldose reductase activity, production of advanced glycation end-products, and activation of the mTORC1 pathway—that can be implicated in lung damage. This review addresses how these pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms may explain the lung damage resulting from high intake of fructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sanchez
- Department of Agricultural and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - José J. Leija-Martínez
- Master and Doctorate Program in Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali 21100, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 21310)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo Z, Zhu X, Hu Y, Yan S, Chen L. Association between dietary inflammatory index and oral cancer risk: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920452. [PMID: 36226053 PMCID: PMC9548600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has been suggested to be associated with oral cancer risk. However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose–response relationship has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the risk of oral cancer with DII. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to 1 March 2022. Fixed- or random-effects models were utilized to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of oral cancer with DII, as appropriate. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose–response relationship. Results We included five case–control studies involving 1,278 cases and 5,137 controls in the meta-analysis. Risk of oral cancer was increased by 135% with the highest versus lowest DII level [OR: 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.88–2.94], and 79% with higher versus lower DII level (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.49–2.15). We found no evidence of a nonlinear dose–response association of DII with oral cancer (pnon-linearity = 0.752), and the risk was increased by 17% (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30) with 1 unit increment in DII score. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that a higher DII score was associated with increased risk of oral cancer. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components and promoting anti-inflammatory components of diet may be effective in the prevention of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Luo
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xidi Zhu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shipeng Yan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shipeng Yan, ; Lizhang Chen,
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shipeng Yan, ; Lizhang Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193986. [PMID: 36235639 PMCID: PMC9572084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructose-containing sugars as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may increase inflammatory biomarkers. Whether this effect is mediated by the food matrix at different levels of energy is unknown. To investigate the role of food source and energy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials on the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers at different levels of energy control. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2022 for controlled feeding trials ≥ 7 days. Four trial designs were prespecified by energy control: substitution (energy matched replacement of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). The primary outcome was C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes were tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. GRADE assessed certainty of evidence. Results: We identified 64 controlled trials (91 trial comparisons, n = 4094) assessing 12 food sources (SSB; sweetened dairy; sweetened dairy alternative [soy]; 100% fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; mixed fruit forms; sweetened cereal grains and bars; sweets and desserts; added nutritive [caloric] sweetener; mixed sources [with SSBs]; and mixed sources [without SSBs]) at 4 levels of energy control over a median 6-weeks in predominantly healthy mixed weight or overweight/obese adults. Total fructose-containing sugars decreased CRP in addition trials and had no effect in substitution, subtraction or ad libitum trials. No effect was observed on other outcomes at any level of energy control. There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: substitution trials (sweetened dairy alternative (soy) and 100% fruit juice decreased, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased CRP); and addition trials (fruit decreased CRP and TNF-α; sweets and desserts (dark chocolate) decreased IL-6). The certainty of evidence was moderate-to-low for the majority of analyses. Conclusions: Food source appears to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on inflammatory markers over the short-to-medium term. The evidence provides good indication that mixed sources that contain SSBs increase CRP, while most other food sources have no effect with some sources (fruit, 100% fruit juice, sweetened soy beverage or dark chocolate) showing decreases, which may be dependent on energy control. Clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT02716870).
Collapse
|
29
|
Fu T, Chen H, Chen X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Deng M, Hesketh T, Wang X, Chen J. Sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study of 121,490 participants. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1018-1029. [PMID: 35848057 PMCID: PMC9546432 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been related to high-sugar dietary patterns, but the associations of different types of beverages with IBD risk are largely unknown. AIMS To examine any associations between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and IBD risk METHODS: This cohort study included 121,490 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of IBD at recruitment. Intake of beverages was obtained from repeated 24-h diet recalls in 2009-2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of beverage intake with IBD risk. RESULTS During a mean (standard deviation) follow-up of 10.2 (1.5) years, we documented 510 incident IBD cases, (143 Crohn's disease (CD) and 367 ulcerative colitis (UC)). Compared to non-consumers, participants consuming >1 unit per day of sugar-sweetened beverages were at significantly higher risk of IBD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11-2.05), but the trend was non-significant (p-trend = 0.170). This association was significant for CD (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22-3.46), but not for UC (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.89-1.92). We did not observe significant associations for the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, rather than artificially sweetened beverages or natural juices, and IBD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma X, Nan F, Liang H, Shu P, Fan X, Song X, Hou Y, Zhang D. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988481. [PMID: 36119103 PMCID: PMC9471313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High sugar intake has long been recognized as a potential environmental risk factor for increased incidence of many non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary sugars are mainly hexoses, including glucose, fructose, sucrose and High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). These sugars are primarily absorbed in the gut as fructose and glucose. The consumption of high sugar beverages and processed foods has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Here, we summarize the effects of consuming high levels of dietary hexose on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade chronic inflammation. Based on these reported findings, we emphasize that dietary sugars and mixed processed foods may be a key factor leading to the occurrence and aggravation of inflammation. We concluded that by revealing the roles that excessive intake of hexose has on the regulation of human inflammatory diseases are fundamental questions that need to be solved urgently. Moreover, close attention should also be paid to the combination of high glucose-mediated immune imbalance and tumor development, and strive to make substantial contributions to reverse tumor immune escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Nan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hantian Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinzou Fan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfeng Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational medicine, Shandong medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Rheumatism, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfeng Hou, ; Dunfang Zhang,
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfeng Hou, ; Dunfang Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haslam DE, Chasman DI, Peloso GM, Herman MA, Dupuis J, Lichtenstein AH, Smith CE, Ridker PM, Jacques PF, Mora S, McKeown NM. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein, and Lipoprotein Particle Size Concentrations in US Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2534-2545. [PMID: 36774119 PMCID: PMC9644170 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective cohort studies have found a relation between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (sodas and fruit drinks) and dyslipidemia. There is limited evidence linking SSB consumption to emerging features of dyslipidemia, which can be characterized by variation in lipoprotein particle size, remnant-like particle (RLP), and apolipoprotein concentrations. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between SSB consumption and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein particle size concentrations among US adults. METHODS We examined participants from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS; 1987-1995, n = 3047) and the Women's Health Study (1992, n = 26,218). Concentrations of plasma LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), triglyceride (TG), and non-HDL cholesterol, as well as total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio and apoB:apoA1 ratio, were quantified in both cohorts; concentrations of apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein C3, RLP-TG, and RLP cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured in the FOS only. Lipoprotein particle sizes were calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance signals for lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations (TG-rich lipoprotein particles [TRL-Ps]: very large, large, medium, small, and very small; LDL particles [LDL-Ps]: large, medium, and small; HDL particles [HDL-Ps]: large, medium, and small). SSB consumption was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data. We examined the associations between SSB consumption and all lipoprotein and apoprotein measures in linear regression models, adjusting for confounding factors such as lifestyle, diet, and traditional lipoprotein risk factors. RESULTS SSB consumption was positively associated with LDL cholesterol, apoB, TG, RLP-TG, RLP-C, and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations and total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol and apoB:apoA1 ratios; and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol and apoA1 concentrations (P-trend range: <0.0001 to 0.008). After adjustment for traditional lipoprotein risk factors, SSB consumers had smaller LDL-P and HDL-P sizes; lower concentrations of large LDL-Ps and medium HDL-Ps; and higher concentrations of small LDL-Ps, small HDL-Ps, and large TRL-Ps (P-trend range: <0.0001 to 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher SSB consumption was associated with multiple emerging features of dyslipidemia that have been linked to higher cardiometabolic risk in US adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Programs of Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The inflammatory potential of the diet as a link between food processing and low-grade inflammation: An analysis on 21,315 participants to the Moli-sani study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2226-2234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
Lee D, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, Khan TA, Zurbau A, Au-Yeung F, Cheung A, Liu Q, Qi X, Ahmed A, Choo VL, Blanco Mejia S, Malik VS, El-Sohemy A, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142846. [PMID: 35889803 PMCID: PMC9325155 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructose providing excess calories in the form of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) increases markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this effect holds for other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars is unclear. To investigate the role of food source and energy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials of the effect of fructose-containing sugars by food source at different levels of energy control on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) markers. Methods and Findings: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through 7 January 2022 for controlled trials ≥7-days. Four trial designs were prespecified: substitution (energy-matched substitution of sugars for other macronutrients); addition (excess energy from sugars added to diets); subtraction (excess energy from sugars subtracted from diets); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced by other macronutrients). The primary outcome was intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL). Secondary outcomes were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. We included 51 trials (75 trial comparisons, n = 2059) of 10 food sources (sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); sweetened dairy alternative; 100% fruit juice; fruit; dried fruit; mixed fruit sources; sweets and desserts; added nutritive sweetener; honey; and mixed sources (with SSBs)) in predominantly healthy mixed weight or overweight/obese younger adults. Total fructose-containing sugars increased IHCL (standardized mean difference = 1.72 [95% CI, 1.08 to 2.36], p < 0.001) in addition trials and decreased AST in subtraction trials with no effect on any outcome in substitution or ad libitum trials. There was evidence of influence by food source with SSBs increasing IHCL and ALT in addition trials and mixed sources (with SSBs) decreasing AST in subtraction trials. The certainty of evidence was high for the effect on IHCL and moderate for the effect on ALT for SSBs in addition trials, low for the effect on AST for the removal of energy from mixed sources (with SSBs) in subtraction trials, and generally low to moderate for all other comparisons. Conclusions: Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on NAFLD markers. The evidence provides a good indication that the addition of excess energy from SSBs leads to large increases in liver fat and small important increases in ALT while there is less of an indication that the removal of energy from mixed sources (with SSBs) leads to moderate reductions in AST. Varying uncertainty remains for the lack of effect of other important food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Xinye Qi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Vivian L. Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Vasanti S. Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (Formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 2N8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (D.L.); (L.C.); (S.A.-C.); (T.A.K.); (A.Z.); (F.A.-Y.); (A.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Q.); (A.A.); (V.L.C.); (S.B.M.); (V.S.M.); (A.E.-S.); (R.J.d.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (L.A.L.); (C.W.C.K.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-867-3732
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Weinhold KR, Andridge RR, Bomser JA, Sasaki GY, Bruno RS, Orchard TS. Sugars measured enzymatically in a fasting overnight urine sample are not sensitive biomarkers of dietary added sugar intake in postmenopausal women. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221106819. [PMID: 35679080 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restricting dietary sugar is a leading recommendation, but limited biomarkers assessing intake exist. Although 24-h urinary sucrose (U-Suc) and urinary fructose (U-Fruc) excretion has been used with mixed success, collection is burdensome. AIM This study aimed to test the sensitivity of an enzymatic assay of U-Suc and U-Fruc to detect changing added sugar intake using low-burden overnight urine samples in 30 postmenopausal women. METHODS Women consumed usual dietary intake during day 1 and usual intake plus a sugar sweetened beverage during day 2. Weighed, photographed food records assessed intake. Enzymatic assay measured U-Suc and U-Fruc from fasting overnight samples; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validated U-Suc findings. RESULTS Dietary added sugars increased significantly during day 2 (p < 0.001), but urinary sugars were not significantly increased. Enzymatic assay detected urinary sugars in 75% (U-Suc) and 35% (U-Fruc) of samples. Dietary sucrose was not associated with U-Suc, however dietary fructose was significantly associated with U-Fruc [β = 0.031; p < 0.05] among women with detectable urinary sugars. Participants with detectable U-Fruc consumed more energy from added sugars [12.6% kcal day 1; 21.5% kcal day 2] than participants with undetectable U-Fruc [9.3% kcal day 1; 17.4% kcal day 2], p < 0.05. Using LC-MS, U-Suc predicted sucrose and added sugar intake [β = 0.017, β = 0.013 respectively; both p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Urinary sugars measured enzymatically from overnight urine samples were not sensitive biomarkers of changing added sugar intake in postmenopausal women. However, urinary fructose measured by enzymatic assay or LC-MS may differentiate low versus high added sugar consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie R Weinhold
- Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca R Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua A Bomser
- Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tonya S Orchard
- Human Sciences Department, College of Education and Human Ecology, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Invited Discussion on: Predicting Risk of Infection After Rhinoplasty with Autogenous Costal Cartilage: A Cohort Study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:1806-1808. [PMID: 35412066 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
36
|
Yan RR, Chan CB, Louie JCY. Current WHO recommendation to reduce free sugar intake from all sources to below 10% of daily energy intake for supporting overall health is not well supported by available evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:15-39. [PMID: 35380611 PMCID: PMC9307988 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar is widely consumed over the world. Although the mainstream view is that high added or free sugar consumption leads to obesity and related metabolic diseases, controversies exist. This narrative review aims to highlight important findings and identify major limitations and gaps in the current body of evidence in relation to the effect of high sugar intakes on health. Previous animal studies have shown that high sucrose or fructose consumption causes insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle and consequent hyperglycemia, mainly because of fructose-induced de novo hepatic lipogenesis. However, evidence from human observational studies and clinical trials has been inconsistent, where most if not all studies linking high sugar intake to obesity focused on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and studies focusing on sugars from solid foods yielded null findings. In our opinion, the substantial limitations in the current body of evidence, such as short study durations, use of supraphysiological doses of sugar or fructose alone in animal studies, and a lack of direct comparisons of the effects of solid compared with liquid sugars on health outcomes, as well as the lack of appropriate controls, seriously curtail the translatability of the findings to real-world situations. It is quite possible that "high" sugar consumption at normal dietary doses (e.g., 25% daily energy intake) per se-that is, the unique effect of sugar, especially in the solid form-may indeed not pose a health risk for individuals apart from the potential to reduce the overall dietary nutrient density, although newer evidence suggests "low" sugar intake (<5% daily energy intake) is just as likely to be associated with nutrient dilution. We argue the current public health recommendations to encourage the reduction of both solid and liquid forms of free sugar intake (e.g., sugar reformulation programs) should be revised due to the overextrapolation of results from SSBs studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Ruolin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Malik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:205-218. [PMID: 35064240 PMCID: PMC8778490 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in the diet. A robust body of evidence has linked habitual intake of SSBs with weight gain and a higher risk (compared with infrequent SSB consumption) of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, which makes these beverages a clear target for policy and regulatory actions. This Review provides an update on the evidence linking SSBs to obesity, cardiometabolic outcomes and related cancers, as well as methods to grade the strength of nutritional research. We discuss potential biological mechanisms by which constituent sugars can contribute to these outcomes. We also consider global trends in intake, alternative beverages (including artificially-sweetened beverages) and policy strategies targeting SSBs that have been implemented in different settings. Strong evidence from cohort studies on clinical outcomes and clinical trials assessing cardiometabolic risk factors supports an aetiological role of SSBs in relation to weight gain and cardiometabolic diseases. Many populations show high levels of SSB consumption and in low-income and middle-income countries, increased consumption patterns are associated with urbanization and economic growth. As such, more intensified policy efforts are needed to reduce intake of SSBs and the global burden of obesity and chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti S Malik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A high carbohydrate and soda diet influences metabolic variables in Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120295. [PMID: 34998837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High carbohydrate diet and carbonated soda consumption have individually been associated with metabolic dysfunction, with links to glucose and insulin homeostasis, affecting metabolic variables associated with feeding, satiety and adiposity. Our objective is to determine the combined effect of a high carbohydrate and carbonated soda diet on metabolic variables in male and female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two female and male weanlings were equally divided into four dietary groups; Control, Soda, High Carbohydrate diet (HCD), and High Carbohydrate diet/Soda (HCD/Soda), and fed ad libitum for fourteen weeks. Bodyweight, thoracic circumference, abdominal circumference and glucose was determined; Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 and lipid profile were assayed and used to determine the metabolic effects. KEY FINDINGS Soda and HCD/Soda had increased body weight in male rats, while HCD-fed rats were reduced compared to respective controls. Abdominal circumference, total cholesterol and reduced HDL of Soda were elevated in both sexes. Although HCD/Soda groups had elevated abdominal circumference in both sexes, total cholesterol and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were both reduced in females. Insulin and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Soda-fed rats was significantly reduced, however, MDA was elevated in both sexes in HCD and HCD/Soda fed rats. Female HCD and HCD/Soda groups had a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) concentration and a significant reduction in catalase. TNF-α was increased in both Soda and HCD/Soda groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that HCD and Soda consumption results in alteration in phenotype and variables impacting metabolism.
Collapse
|
40
|
The Dose-Response Associations of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake with the Risk of Stroke, Depression, Cancer, and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040777. [PMID: 35215425 PMCID: PMC8875574 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and the risk of stroke, depression, cancer, and cause-specific mortality have not been determined, and the quantitative aspects of this link remain unclear. This meta-analysis therefore conducted a systematic review and dose-response analysis to determine their causal links. The database searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science up to 10 November 2021. The intervention effects were evaluated by relative risk (RR) with 95% confidences (CI). Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Higher levels of SSB consumption significantly increased the risk of stroke (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23), depression (1.25, 1.11–1.41), cancer (1.10, 1.03–1.17), and all-cause mortality (1.08, 1.05–1.11) compared with none or lower SSB intake. The associations were dose-dependent, with per 250 mL increment of SSB intake daily increasing the risk of stroke, depression, cancer, and all-cause mortality by RR 1.09 (1.03–1.15), 1.08 (1.06–1.10), 1.17 (1.04–1.32), and 1.07 (1.03–1.11), respectively. The link was curved for depression and cancer risk (pnon-linear < 0.05). Subgroup analysis suggested that higher SSB intake increased ischemic stroke by 10%, CVD-caused mortality by 13%, and cancer-caused mortality by 6.0% than none or lower SSB consumption. It is suggested that SSB accounts for a leading risk factor of stroke, depression, cancer, and mortality, and that the risk rises in parallel with the increment of SSB intake (and is affected by participant characteristics).
Collapse
|
41
|
Church JS, Renzelman ML, Schwartzer JJ. Ten-week high fat and high sugar diets in mice alter gut-brain axis cytokines in a sex-dependent manner. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 100:108903. [PMID: 34748922 PMCID: PMC8761169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diets high in fat and sugar induce inflammation throughout the body, particularly along the gut-brain axis; however, the way these changes in immune signaling mediate one another remains unknown. We investigated cytokine changes in the brain and colon following prolonged high fat or sugar diet in female and male adult C57BL/6 mice. Ten weeks of high fat diet increased levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-10 in the female hippocampus and altered cytokines in the frontal cortex of both sexes. High sugar diet increased hippocampal cytokines and decreased cytokines in the diencephalon and frontal cortex. In the colon, high fat diet changed cytokine expression in both sexes, while high sugar diet only increased TNFα in males. Causal mediation analysis confirmed that colon IL-10 and IL-6 mediate high fat diet-induced neuroimmune changes in the female hippocampus and male frontal cortex. Additionally, high fat diet increased food consumption and weight gain in both sexes, while high sugar diet decreased male weight gain. These findings reveal a novel causal link between gut and brain inflammation specific to prolonged consumption of high fat, not high sugar, diet. Importantly, this work includes females which have been under-represented in diet research, and demonstrates that diet-induced neuroinflammation varies by brain region between sexes. Furthermore, our data suggest female brains are more vulnerable than males to inflammatory changes following excessive fat and sugar consumption, which may help explain the increased risk of inflammation-associated psychiatric conditions in women who eat a Western Diet rich in both dietary components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Church
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Margaret L. Renzelman
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Jared J. Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Heras VL, Melgar S, MacSharry J, Gahan CG. The Influence of the Western Diet on Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Immunity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2022; 13:489-512. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-011032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet exerts a major influence upon host immune function and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Although components of the human diet (including carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are essential sources of nutrition for the host, they also influence immune function directly through interaction with innate and cell-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms. Regulation of the microbiota community structure also provides a mechanism by which food components influence host immune regulatory processes. Here, we consider the complex interplay between components of the modern (Western) diet, the microbiota, and host immunity in the context of obesity and metabolic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Las Heras
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G.M. Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bergwall S, Johansson A, Sonestedt E, Acosta S. High versus low-added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 1:CD013320. [PMID: 34986271 PMCID: PMC8730703 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013320.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intake of added sugar have been suggested to impact the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Knowledge on the subject can contribute to preventing CVD. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of a high versus low-added sugar consumption for primary prevention of CVD in the general population. SEARCH METHODS We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S) on 2 July 2021. We also conducted a search of ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal for ongoing or unpublished trials. The search was performed together with reference checking, citation searching and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. We imposed no restriction on language of publication or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cross-over trials, that compared different levels of added sugar intake. Exclusion criteria were: participants aged below 18 years; diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2); and previous CVD. Primary outcomes were incident cardiovascular events (coronary, carotid, cerebral and peripheral arterial disease) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose and adverse events (gastrointestinal symptoms and impaired dental health). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 21 RCTs (1110 participants completing the interventions) examining the effects of different levels of added sugar intake with a mean duration of 14 weeks. The study participants were generally described as healthy and the mean age ranged from 22 to 57 years. No studies reported on cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality. There was minimal effect of low intake of added sugar on total cholesterol levels (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.21; I² = 0%; 16 studies; 763 participants; low certainty of evidence) and triglycerides (MD 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.17; I² = 3%; 14 studies; 725 participants) but no evidence of effect on LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. There was minimal effect on diastolic blood pressure (MD 1.52, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.37; I² = 0%; 13 studies; 873 participants) and on systolic blood pressure (MD 1.44, 95% 0.08 to 2.80; I² = 27%, 14 studies; 873 participants; low certainty of evidence), but no evidence of effect on fasting plasma glucose. Only one study reported on dental health, with no events. No other trials reported adverse events (impaired dental health or gastrointestinal symptoms). All results were judged as low-quality evidence according to GRADE. The risk of bias was generally unclear, five studies were classified at an overall low risk of bias (low risk in at least four domains, not including other bias). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No trials investigating the effect of added sugar on cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality were identified in our searches. Evidence is uncertain whether low intake of added sugar has an effect on risk factors for CVD; the effect was small and the clinical relevance is, therefore, uncertain. Practical ways to achieve reductions in dietary added sugar includes following current dietary recommendations. Future trials should have longer follow-up time and report on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in order to clarify the effect of added sugar on these outcomes. Future trials should also aim for more direct interventions and preferably be more independent of industry funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bergwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Vascular Diseases, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Vascular Diseases, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Acosta
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shi Z, El-Obeid T, Meftah Z, Alawi A, Said S, Ganji V. Fast food and sweet intake pattern is directly associated with the prevalence of asthma in a Qatari population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:428-433. [PMID: 34168291 PMCID: PMC8907074 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of asthma is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and asthma in adults in Qatar. METHODS In this study, cross-sectional data from the Qatar Biobank were used (n = 986). Participants were Qatari or long-term Qatar residents aged ≥20 years old. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes. Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns scores and asthma. RESULTS Among 986 eligible participants, 6.6% (n = 65) reported that they were diagnosed with asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified. These were (1) "Traditional" (high intake of rice, chicken/meat/fish, and breads); (2) "Prudent" (high intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish); and (3) "Fast Food/Sweets" (high intake of desserts, fast food, and soft drinks). The fast food/sweet dietary pattern was associated with increased likelihood of having asthma [comparing high vs. low tertile, OR for asthma = 1.25; 95% CI (1.02-1.54); p = 0.035]. Traditional and Prudent dietary patterns were not associated with the prevalence of asthma. CONCLUSION The fast food/sweet dietary pattern was directly associated with the prevalence of asthma among adults in Qatar. Reducing the fast foods and sugary-rich foods may be beneficial for respiratory health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tahra El-Obeid
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zainab Meftah
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Alawi
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suad Said
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Ganji
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Association of dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome in the elderly over 55 years in Northern China. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1082-1089. [PMID: 34658314 PMCID: PMC9381302 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the development of metabolic syndrome in the elderly over 55 years in Northern China. The data of 1936 Chinese adults aged 55 years and over from a community-based neurological disease cohort study from 2018 to 2019 were analysed. Multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic splines regression were used for analysis, and social demographics, lifestyle and health-related factors were adjusted. In the fully adjusted model, the risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 1·28-fold in people with a pro-inflammatory diet. When we divide the metabolic syndrome by its components, high pro-inflammatory diet and hyperglycaemia, TAG, hypertension and abdominal obesity, we failed to observe a significant association between a high pro-inflammatory diet and HDL-cholesterol. However, these associations are moving in the expected direction. At the same time, the results of BMI subgroup analysis showed that with the increase of DII, obese people are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome, hyperglycaemia, high TAG, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Also in overweight people, the increase in DII is accompanied by an increased risk of hyperglycaemia and abdominal obesity. Higher inflammatory diet is related to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia. Further research is needed to confirm the role of inflammation and diet in the development of metabolic syndrome; however, it is desirable to reduce the dietary components associated with inflammation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hillman AR, Chrismas BCR. Thirty Days of Montmorency Tart Cherry Supplementation Has No Effect on Gut Microbiome Composition, Inflammation, or Glycemic Control in Healthy Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:733057. [PMID: 34604282 PMCID: PMC8481367 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tart cherries possess properties that may reduce inflammation and improve glycemic control, however human data on supplementation and the gut microbiota is equivocal. Processing (i.e., juice concentrate, dried, frozen) may affect the properties of tart cherries, and therefore alter their efficacious health benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 30 days of supplementation with Montmorency tart cherry (MTC) in concentrate or freeze-dried form on the gut microbiome and markers of inflammation and glycemic control. Healthy participants with no known disease (n = 58, age: 28 ± 10 y, height: 169.76 ± 8.55 cm, body mass: 72.2 ± 12.9 kg) were randomly allocated to four groups and consumed either concentrate or freeze-dried capsules or their corresponding placebos for 30 days. Venous blood samples were drawn at baseline, day 7, 14, and 30 and analyzed for inflammatory markers TNF-alpha, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and glycemic control markers glycated albumin, glucose and insulin. A fecal sample was provided at baseline, day 14 and 30 for microbiome analysis. TNF-alpha was significantly lower at 30 vs. 14 days (p = 0.01), however there was no other significant change in the inflammatory markers. Insulin was not changed over time (p = 0.16) or between groups (p = 0.24), nor was glycated albumin different over time (p = 0.08) or between groups (p = 0.56), however glucose levels increased (p < 0.001) from baseline (4.79 ± 1.00 mmol·L-1) to 14 days (5.21 ± 1.02 mmol·L-1) and 30 days (5.61 ± 1.22 mmol·L-1) but this was no different between groups (p = 0.33). There was no significant change in composition of bacterial phyla, families, or subfamilies for the duration of this study nor was there a change in species richness. These data suggest that 30 days of MTC supplementation does not modulate the gut microbiome, inflammation, or improve glycemic control in a healthy, diverse group of adults. Clinical Trail Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467372, identifier: NCT04467372.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Hillman
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Division of Exercise Physiology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Bryna C R Chrismas
- College of Education, Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Falkenhain K, Roach LA, McCreary S, McArthur E, Weiss EJ, Francois ME, Little JP. Effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL particle size and number in adults in the context of weight loss or weight maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1455-1466. [PMID: 34159352 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LDL particle size and number (LDL-P) are emerging lipid risk factors. Nonsystematic reviews have suggested that diets lower in carbohydrates and higher in fats may result in increased LDL particle size when compared with higher-carbohydrate diets. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review available evidence and conduct meta-analyses of studies addressing the association of carbohydrate restriction with LDL particle size and LDL-P. METHODS We searched 6 electronic databases on 4 January, 2021 for randomized trials of any length that reported on dietary carbohydrate restriction (intervention) compared with higher carbohydrate intake (control). We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) in LDL particle size and LDL-P between the intervention and control groups of eligible studies, and pooled effect sizes using random-effects models. We performed prespecified subgroup analyses and examined the effect of potential explanatory factors. Internal validity and publication bias were assessed using Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool and funnel plots, respectively. Studies that could not be meta-analyzed were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS This review summarizes findings from 38 randomized trials including a total of 1785 participants. Carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions were associated with an increase in LDL peak particle size (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.86; P < 0.01) and a reduction in LDL-P (SMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.06; P = 0.02). The effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL peak particle size appeared to be partially explained by differences in weight loss between intervention groups and exploratory analysis revealed a shift from small dense to larger LDL subclasses. No statistically significant association was found between carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions and mean LDL particle size (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.69; P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS The available evidence indicates that dietary interventions restricted in carbohydrates increase LDL peak particle size and decrease the numbers of total and small LDL particles.This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020188745.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Falkenhain
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren A Roach
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara McCreary
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric McArthur
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ethan J Weiss
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monique E Francois
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ertuglu LA, Afsar B, Yildiz AB, Demiray A, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Substitution of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Other Beverages: Can It Be the Next Step Towards Healthy Aging? Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:399-412. [PMID: 34595722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the prolongation of life expectancy, the gap between lifespan and "health span," the disease-free lifespan, has been widening due to the massive burden of age-related chronic diseases and research on healthy aging has been gaining momentum. A growing body of evidence suggests that diet is a strong determinant of healthy aging and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), a major source of added sugars, predicts poor health outcomes in the aging population, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Evidence further supports a link between sugar-sweetened beverages-triggered pathological processes and biologic factors of aging, including inflammaging, oxidative stress, and alterations in intestinal microbiota. At present, substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages with healthier alternative beverage remains the most robust strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on health worldwide and may help achieve healthy longevity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of mechanisms by which sugar-sweetened beverages consumption may impact the physiological aging process and how a simple intervention of beverage replacement may promote healthy aging. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings indicate that SSB are associated with accelerated aging phenotype and activate various adverse biological processes such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and gut dysbiosis. Replacing SSB with healthier beverages may be a reasonable option to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the aging population and even prolong life and healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah B Yildiz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brittain M, Consedine N, Bagot KL, Booth N, Rodda SN. Sugar Habit Hacker: Initial evidence that a planning intervention reduces sugar intake. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:471-481. [PMID: 34550904 PMCID: PMC8997217 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sugar is a potentially addictive substance that is consumed in such high levels the World Health Organisation has set recommended consumption limits. To date there are no empirically tested brief interventions for reducing sugar consumption in adult populations. The current study aimed to preliminarily assess the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and intervention engagement and impact of a brief intervention. METHODS This pre-post study recruited 128 adults from New Zealand to complete a 30-day internet-delivered intervention with in-person and email coaching. The intervention components were derived from implementation intention principles whereby the gap between intention and behaviour was targeted. Participants selected sugar consumption goals aligned with WHO recommendations by gender. To meet these goals, participants developed action plans and coping plans and engaged in self-monitoring. Facilitation was provided by a coach to maintain retention and treatment adherence over the 30 days. RESULTS Intervention materials were rated as very useful and participants were mostly satisfied with the program. The total median amount of sugar consumed at baseline was 1,662.5 g (396 teaspoons per week) which was reduced to 362.5 g (86 teaspoons) at post-intervention evaluation (d = 0.83). The intervention was associated with large effects on reducing cravings (d = 0.59) and psychological distress (d = 0.68) and increasing situational self-efficacy (d = 0.92) and well-being (d = 0.68) with a reduction in BMI (d = 0.51). CONCLUSION This feasibility study indicates that a brief intervention delivering goal setting, implementation planning, and self-monitoring may assist people to reduce sugar intake to within WHO recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brittain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nathan Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen L. Bagot
- Department of Stroke, Public Health and Health Services Research, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Booth
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simone N. Rodda
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,Corresponding author. Email
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tseng TS, Lin WT, Gonzalez GV, Kao YH, Chen LS, Lin HY. Sugar intake from sweetened beverages and diabetes: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1530-1538. [PMID: 34630905 PMCID: PMC8472506 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing public health concerns around the world. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been proven to be associated with adverse health consequences in the diabetic population. Reducing SSB consumption, body weight control, healthy diets, and increased physical activity have been suggested as strategies to improve diabetes prevention and management. This literature review provides an overview of: (1) The association between SSB consumption and the risk of T2DM; (2) Types of SSB consumption and T2DM; (3) The effect of obesity and inflammation on the association between SSB consumption and risk of T2DM; and (4) SSB consumption in T2DM patients. There is still work to be done to determine how SSB consumption is related to T2DM, but the current research on identifying the association between SSB consumption and T2DM is promising, with the most promising studies confirming the connection between SSBs, T2DM risk, and diabetes management. Future studies should explore more effective SSB related diabetes prevention and management interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Gabrielle V Gonzalez
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kao
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Lei-Shih Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| |
Collapse
|