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Argov-Argaman N, Altman H, Janssen JN, Daeem S, Raz C, Mesilati-Stahy R, Penn S, Monsonego-Ornan E. Effect of milk fat globules on growth and metabolism in rats fed an unbalanced diet. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1270171. [PMID: 38274212 PMCID: PMC10808575 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of supplementing milk fat globules (MFG) on the growth and development of the skeleton in rats fed a Western unbalanced diet (UBD). The UBD is high in sugar and fat, low in protein, fiber, and micronutrients, and negatively impacts health. The MFG-a complex lipid-protein assembly secreted into milk-has a unique structure and composition, which differs significantly from isolated and processed dietary ingredients. Rats consuming the UBD exhibited growth retardation and disrupted bone structural and mechanical parameters; these were improved by supplementation with small MFG. The addition of small MFG increased the efficiency of protein utilization for growth, and improved trabecular and cortical bone parameters. Furthermore, consumption of UBD led to a decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-6 PUFA, in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue. The addition of small MFG restored PUFA concentration and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA in bone marrow and adipose tissue. Finally, large but not small MFG supplementation affected the cecal microbiome in rats. Overall, our results suggest that natural structure MFG supplementation can improve metabolism and bone development in rats fed an UBD, with the effects depending on MFG size. Moreover, the benefits of small MFG to bone development and metabolism were not mediated by the microbiome, as the detrimental effects of an UBD on the microbiome were not mitigated by MFG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Altman
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Seman Daeem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Raz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Mesilati-Stahy
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Penn
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hussnaetter KP, Palm P, Pich A, Franzreb M, Rapp E, Elling L. Strategies for Automated Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis (AEGS). Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108208. [PMID: 37437855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are the most abundant biopolymers on earth and are constituents of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans with multiple biological functions. The availability of different complex glycan structures is of major interest in biotechnology and basic research of biological systems. High complexity, establishment of general and ubiquitous synthesis techniques, as well as sophisticated analytics, are major challenges in the development of glycan synthesis strategies. Enzymatic glycan synthesis with Leloir-glycosyltransferases is an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis as it can achieve quantitative regio- and stereoselective glycosylation in a single step. Various strategies for synthesis of a wide variety of different glycan structures has already be established and will exemplarily be discussed in the scope of this review. However, the application of enzymatic glycan synthesis in an automated system has high demands on the equipment, techniques, and methods. Different automation approaches have already been shown. However, while these techniques have been applied for several glycans, only a few strategies are able to conserve the full potential of enzymatic glycan synthesis during the process - economical and enzyme technological recycling of enzymes is still rare. In this review, we show the major challenges towards Automated Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis (AEGS). First, we discuss examples for immobilization of glycans or glycosyltransferases as an important prerequisite for the embedment and implementation in an enzyme reactor. Next, improvement of bioreactors towards automation will be described. Finally, analysis and monitoring of the synthesis process are discussed. Furthermore, automation processes and cycle design are highlighted. Accordingly, the transition of recent approaches towards a universal automated glycan synthesis platform will be projected. To this end, this review aims to describe essential key features for AEGS, evaluate the current state-of-the-art and give thought- encouraging impulses towards future full automated enzymatic glycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Philip Hussnaetter
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philip Palm
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann v. Helmholtz, Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- glyXera GmbH, Brenneckestrasse 20 * ZENIT, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical System, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Guo J, Tan M, Zhu J, Tian Y, Liu H, Luo F, Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang G. Proteomic Analysis of Human Milk Reveals Nutritional and Immune Benefits in the Colostrum from Mothers with COVID-19. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122513. [PMID: 35745243 PMCID: PMC9227629 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known benefits of breastfeeding and the World Health Organization’s breastfeeding recommendations for COVID-19 infected mothers, whether these mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed is under debate due to concern about the risk of virus transmission and lack of evidence of breastmilk’s protective effects against the virus. Here, we provide a molecular basis for the breastfeeding recommendation through mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and glycosylation analysis of immune-related proteins in both colostrum and mature breastmilk collected from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. The total protein amounts in the COVID-19 colostrum group were significantly higher than in the control group. While casein proteins in COVID-19 colostrum exhibited significantly lower abundances, immune-related proteins, especially whey proteins with antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, were upregulated. These proteins were detected with unique site-specific glycan structures and improved glycosylation diversity that are beneficial for recognizing epitopes and blocking viral entry. Such adaptive differences in milk from COVID-19 mothers tended to fade in mature milk from the same mothers one month postpartum. These results suggest that feeding infants colostrum from COVID-19 mothers confers both nutritional and immune benefits, and provide molecular-level insights that aid breastmilk feeding decisions in cases of active infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Minjie Tan
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (G.W.)
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.)
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China; (M.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.H.)
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (G.W.)
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Li X, Peng Y, Li Z, Christensen B, Heckmann AB, Lagerqvist C, Stenlund H, Lönnerdal B, Hernell O, West CE. Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251293. [PMID: 33983993 PMCID: PMC8118299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants. Objective To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants. Design FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively. Results Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups. Conclusions Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Childrens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Peng
- Department of Children Health Care, Childrens Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zailing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University Third Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Britt Christensen
- Arla Innovation Center, Arla Foods amba, Skejby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (CEW); (BC)
| | | | - Carina Lagerqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina E. West
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CEW); (BC)
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Kosmerl E, Rocha-Mendoza D, Ortega-Anaya J, Jiménez-Flores R, García-Cano I. Improving Human Health with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Bifidobacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:341. [PMID: 33572211 PMCID: PMC7914750 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), the component that surrounds fat globules in milk, and its constituents have gained significant attention for their gut function, immune-boosting properties, and cognitive-development roles. The MFGM can directly interact with probiotic bacteria, such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), through interactions with bacterial surface proteins. With these interactions in mind, increasing evidence supports a synergistic effect between MFGM and probiotics to benefit human health at all ages. This important synergy affects the survival and adhesion of probiotic bacteria through gastrointestinal transit, mucosal immunity, and neurocognitive behavior in developing infants. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the co-supplementation of MFGM and probiotics with a specific emphasis on their interactions and colocalization in dairy foods, supporting in vivo and clinical evidence, and current and future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (D.R.-M.); (J.O.-A.)
| | - Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (D.R.-M.); (J.O.-A.)
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Kwan SH, Wan-Ibrahim WI, Juvarajah T, Fung SY, Abdul-Rahman PS. Isolation and identification of O- and N-linked glycoproteins in milk from different mammalian species and their roles in biological pathways which support infant growth. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:233-244. [PMID: 33085102 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS-QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS-QTOF identified 42 O-glycosylated and 56 N-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O- and N-glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle-mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hong Kwan
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thaneswari Juvarajah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Spada V, Ferranti P, Chianese L, Salimei E, Addeo F, Picariello G. Antibacterial potential of donkey's milk disclosed by untargeted proteomics. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104007. [PMID: 33038512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey's milk (DM) has been extensively investigated as a valuable substitute of breast milk, often suitable to manage cow's milk protein allergy in infants. DM exhibits potent inhibitory properties against numerous microbial species. Although oligosaccharides and lipids might contribute to the antimicrobial potential, the current inventory of proteins is not able to justify the low count of microorganisms generally observed in DM. The shotgun proteomic analysis of fractionated DM disclosed a set of 94 gene products, 41% of which have documented antimicrobial activity or are involved in transferring the passive immunity to the donkey offspring. The concerted action of lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins provides the molecular basis for part of the DM antibacterial potential. The pH -4.6 insoluble fraction contained significant levels of L-amino acid oxidase, identified with 11 unique peptides matching the horse homologue gene product. This enzyme catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acids into ketoacids, producing ammonia and H2O2. κ-casein, likely occurring as a fully O-glycosylated protein, may concur to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, along with other glycoproteins. Proteomics supports the alimentary use of DM not only as a substitute of human milk in early infancy, but also for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. SIGNIFICANCE: Donkey's milk (DM) is acquiring increasing popularity because it is a suitable substitute of the human milk, when breastfeeding is not possible and infants suffer from cow's milk allergy. DM is characterized by a much lower microbial load compared to ruminants' milk. This feature has been traditionally attributed to the high content of lysozyme. DM exhibits potent activity against a broad range of bacteria, viruses and fungi, suggesting that other protein components can be responsible of the antimicrobial potential. The gel-free proteomic analysis of pH 4.6-insoluble and soluble (whey) fractions demonstrated that DM contains a large number of gene products involved in antimicrobial mechanisms and in transferring passive immunity to the donkey offspring. DM contains relatively high levels of L-amino acid oxidase that catalyses the oxidative deamination of amino acid substrates into ketoacids, with production of ammonia and H2O2. In combination with lysozyme, lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, the presence of L-amino acid oxidase provides the molecular basis of the antibacterial potential observed for DM. Considered the low microbial load, DM can be sanitated at mild conditions, thereby preserving many of the native nutritional traits. Thus, DM can be considered a safe and nutritionally valid alimentary resource for growing children, convalescent, elderly people and general population. Data of this study represent the largest inventory of proteins identified in Equidae milk, so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spada
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Chianese
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salimei
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente, Alimenti, Università del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Parco Gussone 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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Sabha BH, Masood A, Alanazi IO, Alfadda AA, Almehdar HA, Benabdelkamel H, Redwan EM. Comparative Analysis of Milk Fat Globular Membrane (MFGM) Proteome between Saudi Arabia Camelus dromedary Safra and Wadha Breeds. Molecules 2020; 25:E2146. [PMID: 32375319 PMCID: PMC7249027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is traditionally known to have medicinal properties and many potential health benefits. Natural milk contains many soluble proteins and nanoparticles, such as a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a three-layered membrane covering of milk fat globule mainly composed of proteins and lipids, which plays an important role in human health. MFGM proteins account for 1%-4% of total milk proteins, and their nutritive value and distribution depends on the different breeds. The differential composition of these membrane proteins among different camel breeds has not been explored. The current study, therefore, aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the MFGM proteome between the milk produced by the two most common Saudi camel breeds, Camelus dromedarius: Safra and Wadha. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 44 MFGM proteins that were identified with a significant difference in abundance (p ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5) between the two breeds. Thirty-one proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated in the Safra breed compared to the Wadha breed. The proteins identified with an increased abundance included α-lactalbumin, lactadherin, and annexin a8, whereas the down-regulated proteins included butyrophilin subfamily 1 member a1, lactotransferrin, and vinculin. The differentially abundant proteins were analyzed by the UNIPROT system and gene ontology (GO) to reveal their associations with known biological functions and pathways. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the 2D-DIGE findings of butyrophilin (BTN) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) levels obtained from Safra and Wadha breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam H. Sabha
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- The National Center for Genomic Technology (NCGT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lis-Kuberka J. The Impact of Dietary Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins of Human Milk on Infant Well-Being. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041105. [PMID: 32316160 PMCID: PMC7230487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from optimal nutritional value, human milk is the feeding strategy to support the immature immunological system of developing newborns and infants. The most beneficial dietary carbohydrate components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and glycoproteins (HMGs), involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity. Fucosylated oligosaccharides represent the largest fraction of human milk oligosaccharides, with the simplest and the most abundant being 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). Fucosylated oligosaccharides, as well as glycans of glycoproteins, as beneficial dietary sugars, elicit anti-adhesive properties against fucose-dependent pathogens, and on the other hand are crucial for growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria, and in this aspect participate in shaping a healthy microbiome. Well-documented secretor status related differences in the fucosylation profile of HMOs and HMGs may play a key but underestimated role in assessment of susceptibility to fucose-dependent pathogen infections, with a potential impact on applied clinical procedures. Nevertheless, due to genetic factors, about 20% of mothers do not provide their infants with beneficial dietary carbohydrates such as 2'-FL and other α1,2-fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycans of glycoproteins, despite breastfeeding them. The lack of such structures may have important implications for a wide range of aspects of infant well-being and healthcare. In light of the above, some artificial mixtures used in infant nutrition are supplemented with 2'-FL to more closely approximate the unique composition of maternal milk, including dietary-derived fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Correspondence: (M.O.-P.); (J.L.-K.); Tel.: +48-71-770-30-64 (M.O.-P.); +48-71-770-32-17 (J.L.-K.)
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10
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Zhu J, Lin YH, Dingess KA, Mank M, Stahl B, Heck AJR. Quantitative Longitudinal Inventory of the N-Glycoproteome of Human Milk from a Single Donor Reveals the Highly Variable Repertoire and Dynamic Site-Specific Changes. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1941-1952. [PMID: 32125861 PMCID: PMC7252941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation on human milk proteins assists in protecting an infant's health and functions among others as competitive inhibitors of pathogen binding and immunomodulators. Due to the individual uniqueness of each mother's milk and the overall complexity and temporal changes of protein N-glycosylation, analysis of the human milk N-glycoproteome requires longitudinal personalized approaches, providing protein- and N-site-specific quantitative information. Here, we describe an automated platform using hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC)-based cartridges enabling the proteome-wide monitoring of intact N-glycopeptides using just a digest of 150 μg of breast milk protein. We were able to map around 1700 glycopeptides from 110 glycoproteins covering 191 glycosites, of which 43 sites have not been previously reported with experimental evidence. We next quantified 287 of these glycopeptides originating from 50 glycoproteins using a targeted proteomics approach. Although each glycoprotein, N-glycosylation site, and attached glycan revealed distinct dynamic changes, we did observe a few general trends. For instance, fucosylation, especially terminal fucosylation, increased across the lactation period. Building on the improved glycoproteomics approach outlined above, future studies are warranted to reveal the potential impact of the observed glycosylation microheterogeneity on the healthy development of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hsien Lin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly A Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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The Functional Power of the Human Milk Proteome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081834. [PMID: 31398857 PMCID: PMC6723708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the most complete and ideal form of nutrition for the developing infant. The composition of human milk consistently changes throughout lactation to meet the changing functional needs of the infant. The human milk proteome is an essential milk component consisting of proteins, including enzymes/proteases, glycoproteins, and endogenous peptides. These compounds may contribute to the healthy development in a synergistic way by affecting growth, maturation of the immune system, from innate to adaptive immunity, and the gut. A comprehensive overview of the human milk proteome, covering all of its components, is lacking, even though numerous analyses of human milk proteins have been reported. Such data could substantially aid in our understanding of the functionality of each constituent of the proteome. This review will highlight each of the aforementioned components of human milk and emphasize the functionality of the proteome throughout lactation, including nutrient delivery and enhanced bioavailability of nutrients for growth, cognitive development, immune defense, and gut maturation.
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12
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De Luca M, Ioele G, Spatari C, Caruso L, Galasso MP, Ragno G. Evaluation of human breastmilk adulteration by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least square modeling. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2194-2201. [PMID: 31289668 PMCID: PMC6593478 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-step chemometric procedure was developed on the attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared data of human breastmilk to detect adulteration by water or cow milk. The samples, collected from a Milk Bank, were analyzed before and after adulteration with whole, skimmed, semi-skimmed cow milk and water. A preliminary clustering via principal component analysis distinguished three classes: pure milk, milk adulterated with water, and milk adulterated with cow milk. A first partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model was built and then applied on new samples to identify the specific adulterants. The external validation on this model reached 100% of the correct identification of pure milk and 90% of the type of adulterants. In the following step, four PLS calibration models were built to quantify the amount of the adulterant detected in the classification analysis. The prediction performance of these models on new samples showed satisfactory parameters with root mean square error of prediction and percentage relative error lower than 1.38% and 3.31%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Claudia Spatari
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
| | - Luisa Caruso
- Milk Bank "Galatea", Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care UnitCosenza HospitalCosenzaItaly
| | - Maria P. Galasso
- Milk Bank "Galatea", Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care UnitCosenza HospitalCosenzaItaly
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
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13
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McKeen S, Young W, Mullaney J, Fraser K, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Infant Complementary Feeding of Prebiotics for theMicrobiome and Immunity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020364. [PMID: 30744134 PMCID: PMC6412789 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary feeding transitions infants from a milk-based diet to solid foods, providing essential nutrients to the infant and the developing gut microbiome while influencing immune development. Some of the earliest microbial colonisers readily ferment select oligosaccharides, influencing the ongoing establishment of the microbiome. Non-digestible oligosaccharides in prebiotic-supplemented formula and human milk oligosaccharides promote commensal immune-modulating bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, which decrease in abundance during weaning. Incorporating complex, bifidogenic, non-digestible carbohydrates during the transition to solid foods may present an opportunity to feed commensal bacteria and promote balanced concentrations of beneficial short chain fatty acid concentrations and vitamins that support gut barrier maturation and immunity throughout the complementary feeding window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starin McKeen
- AgResearch, Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch, Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Mullaney
- AgResearch, Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Fraser
- AgResearch, Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch, Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Sialylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates of Human Milk. The Impact on Infant and Newborn Protection, Development and Well-Being. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020306. [PMID: 30717166 PMCID: PMC6413137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk not only has nutritional value, but also provides a wide range of biologically active molecules, which are adapted to meet the needs of newborns and infants. Mother’s milk is a source of sialylated oligosaccharides and glycans that are attached to proteins and lipids, whose concentrations and composition are unique. Sialylated human milk glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides enrich the newborn immature immune system and are crucial for their proper development and well-being. Some of the milk sialylated oligosaccharide structures can locally exert biologically active effects in the newborn’s and infant’s gut. Sialylated molecules of human milk can be recognized and bound by sialic acid-dependent pathogens and inhibit their adhesion to the epithelial cells of newborns and infants. A small amount of intact sialylated oligosaccharides can be absorbed from the intestine and remain in the newborn’s circulation in concentrations high enough to modulate the immunological system at the cellular level and facilitate proper brain development during infancy. Conclusion: The review summarizes the current state of knowledge on sialylated human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, discusses the significance of sialylated structures of human milk in newborn protection and development, and presents the advantages of human milk over infant formula.
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15
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Lee H, Padhi E, Hasegawa Y, Larke J, Parenti M, Wang A, Hernell O, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky C. Compositional Dynamics of the Milk Fat Globule and Its Role in Infant Development. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:313. [PMID: 30460213 PMCID: PMC6232911 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is uniquely optimized for the needs of the developing infant. Its composition is complex and dynamic, driven primarily by maternal genetics, and to a lesser extent by diet and environment. One important component that is gaining attention is the milk fat globule (MFG). The MFG is composed of a triglyceride-rich core surrounded by a tri-layer membrane, also known as the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) that originates from mammary gland epithelia. The MFGM is enriched with glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and proteins, some of which are glycosylated, and are known to exert numerous biological roles. Mounting evidence suggests that the structure of the MFG and bioactive components of the MFGM may benefit the infant by aiding in the structural and functional maturation of the gut through the provision of essential nutrients and/or regulating various cellular events during infant growth and immune education. Further, antimicrobial peptides and surface carbohydrate moieties surrounding the MFG might have a pivotal role in shaping gut microbial populations, which in turn may promote protection against immune and inflammatory diseases early in life. This review seeks to: (1) understand the components of the MFG, as well as maternal factors including genetic and lifestyle factors that influence its characteristics; (2) examine the potential role of this milk component on the intestinal immune system; and (3) delineate the mechanistic roles of the MFG in infant intestinal maturation and establishment of the microbiota in the alimentary canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emily Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jules Larke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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16
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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17
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Wen L, Gadi MR, Zheng Y, Gibbons C, Kondengaden SM, Zhang J, Wang PG. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Unnatural Nucleotide Sugars for Enzymatic Bioorthogonal Labeling. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | | | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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18
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Abstract
Milk is a unique and complete nutritive source for the mammal neonate, also providing immune protection and developmental signals. Lactation is a complex process, proper to the mother and child dyad, and including numerous variables ranging from psychological aspects to the secretory functioning of the mammary epithelial cells, all contributing to a successful breastfeeding. This review gives an integrated overview of the physiology of lactation with a particular focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in milk product secretion and their regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Truchet
- VIM, UR 892 INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Edith Honvo-Houéto
- GABI, INRA/AgroParisTech/Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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19
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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L S MB, Nishimura SI, H S A. Inhibitory potential of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) colostrum immunoglobulin G on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:138-45. [PMID: 27017977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique components of colostrum like free oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are known to offer resistance to enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and have the ability to inhibit the localized adherence of enteropathogens to the digestive tract of the neonates. In this context, we have evaluated the in vitro effect of buffalo colostrum immunoglobulin G on human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae, a predominant multidrug resistant pathogen associated with nasocomial infections. The investigation revealed growth inhibitory potential of immunoglobulin G in a dose dependent manner supported by scanning electron microscopic studies. The N-glycan enriched fraction of immunoglobulin G after PNGase treatment was found more effective, comparable to ampicillin than native immunoglobulin G supporting the fact that colostrum derived oligosaccharides is crucial and act as ideal substrates for undesirable and pathogenic bacteria. The MALDI TOF/TOF analysis confirmed the glycostructures of abundant N-glycans of immunoglobulin G exerting antibacterial activity. The proteomic analysis revealed variations between control and treated cells and expression of chemotaxis-CheY protein (14kDa) was evidenced in response to immunoglobulin G treatment. Hence, it would be interesting to investigate the mode of inhibition of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae by buffalo colostrum immunoglobulin G with the identification of a newly expressed signalling protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhanu L S
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | - S-I Nishimura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Aparna H S
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Galactose - a key source of energy and a crucial structural element in complex molecules - is particularly important for early human development. However, galactose metabolism might be important not only for fetal and neonatal development but also for adulthood, as evidenced by the inherited disorders of galactose metabolism. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence of galactose metabolism in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS The biological importance of galactose goes beyond its importance as a nutrient and a metabolite. Galactose has been selected by evolutionary pressure to exert also a crucial structural role in macromolecules. Additionally, galactose has recently been reported as beneficial in a number of diseases, particularly in those affecting the brain. SUMMARY Galactose is crucial for human metabolism, with an established role in energy delivery and galactosylation of complex molecules, and evidence for other roles is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Coelho
- aDepartment of Pediatrics and Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands bThe Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA *Gerard T. Berry and M. Estela Rubio-Gozalbo contributed equally to the writing of this article
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22
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Fernández J, Redondo-Blanco S, M. Miguélez E, J. Villar C, Clemente A, Lombó F. Healthy effects of prebiotics and their metabolites against intestinal diseases and colorectal cancer. AIMS Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2015.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Jeurink PV, van Esch BCAM, Rijnierse A, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ. Mechanisms underlying immune effects of dietary oligosaccharides. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:572S-7S. [PMID: 23824724 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO refers to human milk as the nutritional gold standard for term infants. Human milk contains many immunomodulatory compounds, including oligosaccharides. Human-milk oligosaccharides can serve as prebiotics because the nondigestible oligosaccharides present in human milk show a clear bifidogenic effect on the gut microbiota. Dietary oligosaccharide structures that have prebiotic effects similar to human-milk oligosaccharides include galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides. Both animal studies and human clinical trials showed that dietary intervention with these dietary oligosaccharides in early life could lead to the prevention of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and allergic asthma. The immune-modulating effects of these oligosaccharides are likely assisted via alteration of the intestinal microbiota or in a microbiota-independent manner by direct interaction on immune cells or both. In this review, an overview of the prebiotic role of dietary oligosaccharides on the microbiota and the microbiota-independent immune modulation by these prebiotics is provided. In addition, recent publications that report on the pathways by which the oligosaccharides might exert their direct immunomodulatory effect are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla V Jeurink
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Immunology Platform, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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24
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van Goudoever JB, Boehm G. Introduction: bringing science to early life nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:519S-20S. [PMID: 23824721 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.044164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Nauta AJ, Ben Amor K, Knol J, Garssen J, van der Beek EM. Relevance of pre- and postnatal nutrition to development and interplay between the microbiota and metabolic and immune systems. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:586S-93S. [PMID: 23824726 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life programming is becoming an established concept that states that the environment during early development affects health and disease in adulthood, probably via epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA silencing, or a combination. Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition during pregnancy and early postnatal life is one of the most important environmental cues that programs microbiological, metabolic, and immunologic development. The neonatal period is crucial for the early microbial colonization of the almost sterile gastrointestinal tract of the newborn infant. These first colonizers play an important role in host health because they are involved in nutritional, immunologic, and physiologic functions. Evidence from animal and human studies indicates that the composition of the gut microbiota has an effect on body composition, digestion, and metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, the functionality of the metabolism develops after birth when the newborn is first exposed to nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract. Exposure to environmental microbial components is also suggested to have a key role in the maturation process of the immune system, and in turn the immune system shapes the composition of the microbiota. Therefore, the use of nutritional strategies to program the microbiota composition to favor a more beneficial bacterial population and to support the development of the metabolic and immune systems may provide a good opportunity to prevent later health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma J Nauta
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Singapore.
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26
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Oozeer R, van Limpt K, Ludwig T, Ben Amor K, Martin R, Wind RD, Boehm G, Knol J. Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:561S-71S. [PMID: 23824728 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally accepted as the best nutrition for newborns and has been shown to support the optimal growth and development of infants. On the basis of scientific insights from human-milk research, a specific mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides has been developed, with the aim to improve the intestinal microbiota in early life. The mixture has been extensively studied and has been shown to be safe and to have potential health benefits that are similar to those of human milk. The specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides has been found to affect the development of early microbiota and to increase the Bifidobacterium amounts as observed in human-milk-fed infants. The resulting gut ecophysiology is characterized by high concentrations of lactate, a slightly acidic pH, and specific short-chain fatty acid profiles, which are high in acetate and low in butyrate and propionate. Here, we have summarized the main findings of dietary interventions with these specific oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in early life. The gut ecophysiology in early life may have consequences for the metabolic, immunologic, and even neurologic development of the child because reports increasingly substantiate the important function of gut microbes in human health. This review highlights major findings in the field of early gut colonization and the potential impact of early nutrition in healthy growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raish Oozeer
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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