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Rebello CJ, Boué S, Levy RJ, Puyau R, Beyl RA, Greenway FL, Heiman ML, Keller JN, Reynolds CF, Kirwan JP. Safety and Tolerability of Whole Soybean Products: A Dose-Escalating Clinical Trial in Older Adults with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:1920. [PMID: 37111139 PMCID: PMC10141995 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean products have nutrients, dietary fiber, and phytoalexins beneficial for cardiovascular and overall health. Despite their high consumption in Asian populations, their safety in Western diets is debated. We conducted a dose-escalating clinical trial of the safety and tolerability of soybean products in eight older adults (70-85 years) with obesity. Whole green soybean pods grown under controlled conditions were processed to flour (WGS) at the United States Department of Agriculture using common cooking techniques such as slicing and heat treatment. WGS incorporated into food products was consumed at 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g/day for one week at each dose. The gastrointestinal outcomes, clinical biomarkers, and adverse events were evaluated. We explored the stimulation of phytoalexin (glyceollin) production in live viable soybean seeds (LSS-G). We compared the compositions of WGS and LSS-G with commercial soybean flour and its fermented and enzymatically hydrolyzed forms. We found that although 30 g WSG was well-tolerated, and it made participants feel full. Our processing produced glyceollins (267 µg/g) in LSS-G. Processing soybean flour decreased the iron content, but reduced the oligosaccharides, which could attenuate flatulence. Providing soybean flour at <30 g/day may be prudent for overall health and to prevent the exclusion of other food groups and nutrients in older adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Boué
- United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Ronald J. Levy
- Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Rayne, LA 70578, USA
| | - Renée Puyau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles F. Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Kosałka-Węgiel J, Lichołai S, Dziedzina S, Milewski M, Kuszmiersz P, Rams A, Gąsior J, Matyja-Bednarczyk A, Kwiatkowska H, Korkosz M, Siwiec A, Koźlik P, Padjas A, Sydor W, Dropiński J, Sanak M, Musiał J, Bazan-Socha S. Genetic Association between TNFA Polymorphisms (rs1799964 and rs361525) and Susceptibility to Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050698. [PMID: 35629365 PMCID: PMC9145848 DOI: 10.3390/life12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to establish an association between TNF-α promoter variability and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The study included 43 SSc patients and 74 controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs361525, rs1800629, rs1799724, and rs1799964) located at the promoter of the TNFA gene were genotyped using commercially available TaqMan allelic discrimination assays with real-time PCR. The rs1799724 allele was associated with an increased SSc susceptibility (p = 0.028). In turn, none of the polymorphisms studied were related to the clinical and laboratory parameters of SSc patients, except for a higher prevalence of anti-Ro52 antibodies in the AG rs1800629 genotype in comparison to GG carriers (p = 0.04). Three of four cancer patients had both CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes; thus, both of them were related to the increased risk of cancer, as compared to the TT (p = 0.03) and GG carriers (p = 0.0003), respectively. The TNFA C rs1799724 variant is associated with an increased risk of SSc, while the CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes might enhance cancer susceptibility in SSc patients, although large observational and experimental studies are needed to verify the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-400-31-10
| | - Sabina Lichołai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Sylwia Dziedzina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Mamert Milewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuszmiersz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Rams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jolanta Gąsior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andżelika Siwiec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Koźlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Dropiński
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jacek Musiał
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Jung SM, Haddad EH, Kaur A, Sirirat R, Kim AY, Oda K, Rajaram S, Sabaté J. A Non-Probiotic Fermented Soy Product Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020535. [PMID: 33562090 PMCID: PMC7915103 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Asian fermented soy food products are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in prospective studies, but few randomized controlled trials have been conducted in at-risk populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a commercial non-probiotic fermented soy product on blood lipids in adults with cardiovascular risk biomarkers. In a randomized, crossover, intervention study, 27 men and women (aged 29–75 y) exhibiting at least two risk factors, consumed two packets (12.5 g each) daily of a fermented powdered soy product, or an isoenergic control powder made from germinated brown rice for 12 weeks each. The consumption of the fermented soy product resulted in a significantly greater mean change from baseline (compared to the germinated rice, all p < 0.05) in total cholesterol of −0.23 mmol/L (CI: −0.40, −0.06) compared with 0.14 mmol/L (CI: −0.03, 0.31), respectively; and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol −0.18 mmol/L (CI: −0.32, −0.04) compared with 0.04 mmol/L (CI: −0.01, 0.018) respectively. This was accompanied by an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the germinated rice group, a decrease in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in the fermented soy group, and a between-treatment effect in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1); however, the ratio of the LDL:HDL and of Apo B:ApoA1 did not differ between the groups. The ratio of total cholesterol:LDL decreased in men in the fermented soy group (p < 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urine collection at the end of each treatment period resulted in an increased excretion expressed as a ratio in μmol/d between treatments of 10.93 (CI: 5.07, 23.54) for daidzein; 1.24 (CI: 1.14, 4.43) for genistein; and, 8.48 (CI: 4.28, 16.80) for glycitein, all p < 0.05. The fermented soy powder consumed by participants in this study without implementing other changes in their typical diets, decreased the total and LDL cholesterol, and may serve as a dietary strategy to manage blood lipids. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03429920.
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Zhao H, Song A, Zheng C, Wang M, Song G. Effects of plant protein and animal protein on lipid profile, body weight and body mass index on patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1169-1180. [PMID: 32314018 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of plant protein or animal protein on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used subject and free words to search PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. The risk-of-bias evaluation tool was used to assess literature quality. Data merging and statistical analyses were carried out using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 13.0. All indicators were expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The heterogeneity test was conducted according to I2 and Q tests. We used Egger's test to evaluate publication bias quantitatively. RESULTS This was a meta-analysis of intervention trials. Thirty-two studies (1562 patients) were included. The quality of the included studies was acceptable. Compared with consumption of animal protein, plant protein reduced total cholesterol (TC) (MD = - 0.19 mmol/L, 95% CI - 0.26, - 0.12), triglyceride (MD = - 0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD = - 0.19 mmol/L, 95% CI - 0.26, - 0.13), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = - 0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.01), TC/LDL-C ratio (MD = - 0.17, 95% CI - 0.32, - 0.02) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (MD = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.33, - 0.06) significantly and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD = 0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01, 0.06) levels, but had no effect on BW (MD = - 0.41 kg, 95% CI - 2.14, 1.33) or BMI (MD = 0.11 kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.51, 0.73). CONCLUSION Compared with animal protein, consumption of plant protein could improve lipid profile in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - An Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chong Zheng
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shijiazhuang the Third Hospital, 15, Sports South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Graduate School of North, China University of Science and Technology, 21, Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Endocrinology Department, Hebei General Hospital, 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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Kinoshita M, Yokote K, Arai H, Iida M, Ishigaki Y, Ishibashi S, Umemoto S, Egusa G, Ohmura H, Okamura T, Kihara S, Koba S, Saito I, Shoji T, Daida H, Tsukamoto K, Deguchi J, Dohi S, Dobashi K, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Hiro T, Biro S, Fujioka Y, Maruyama C, Miyamoto Y, Murakami Y, Yokode M, Yoshida H, Rakugi H, Wakatsuki A, Yamashita S. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:846-984. [PMID: 30135334 PMCID: PMC6143773 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seitaro Dohi
- Chief Health Management Department, Mitsui Chemicals Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Community Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Bianconi V, Mannarino MR, Sahebkar A, Cosentino T, Pirro M. Cholesterol-Lowering Nutraceuticals Affecting Vascular Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:53. [PMID: 29802549 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-0994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an update on the effects of the dietary supplementation with cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals and nutraceutical combinations affecting vascular function and CV risk in clinical interventional studies. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence supports the mild-to-moderate cholesterol-lowering efficacy of red yeast rice, berberine, plant sterols, fibers, and some nutraceutical combinations whereas data on the individual cholesterol-lowering action of other nutraceuticals are either less striking or even inconclusive. There is also promising evidence on the vascular protective effects of some of the aforementioned nutraceuticals. However, except for red yeast rice, clinical interventional studies have not investigated their impact on CV outcomes. Evidence of both cholesterol-lowering and vascular protection is a prerogative of few single nutraceuticals and nutraceutical combinations, which may support their clinical use; however, caution on their uncontrolled adoption is necessary as they are freely available on the market and, therefore, subject to potential misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Raffaele Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Teresa Cosentino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Mejía W, Córdoba D, Durán P, Chacón Y, Rosselli D. Effect of Daily Exposure to an Isolated Soy Protein Supplement on Body Composition, Energy and Macronutrient Intake, Bone Formation Markers, and Lipid Profile in Children in Colombia. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:1-13. [PMID: 29336700 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1409851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A soy protein-based supplement may optimize bone health, support physical growth, and stimulate bone formation. This study aimed to assess the effect of a daily soy protein supplement (SPS) on nutritional status, bone formation markers, lipid profile, and daily energy and macronutrient intake in children. One hundred seven participants (62 girls), ages 2 to 9, started the study and were randomly assigned to lunch fruit juice with (n = 57, intervention group) or without (n = 50, control group) addition of 45 g (230 Kcal) of a commercial SPS during 12 months; 84 children (51 girls, 33 boys) completed the study (45 and 39 intervention and control, respectively). Nutritional assessment included anthropometry and nutrient intakes; initial and final blood samples were taken; insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed. Statistically significant changes (p < .05) in body mass index and weight for age Z scores were observed between groups while changes in body composition were not. Changes in energy, total protein, and carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in the intervention group (p < .01). Calorie intake changes were statistically significant between groups (p < .001), and BAP decreased in both groups, with values within normal ranges. Osteocalcin, IGFBP-3, and lipid profile were not different between groups. IGF-I levels and IGF/IGFBP-3 ratio increased significantly in both groups. In conclusion, changes in macronutrient and energy intake and nutritional status in the intervention group compared to control group may ensure harmonious and adequate bone health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mejía
- a Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Nutrition Biochemistry Department , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Diana Córdoba
- a Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Nutrition Biochemistry Department , Bogota , Colombia
| | - Paola Durán
- b Centro de Endocrinología Pediátrica y del Adolescente , Bogota , Colombia
| | | | - Diego Rosselli
- d Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Medical School , Bogota , Colombia
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Li SS, Blanco Mejia S, Lytvyn L, Stewart SE, Viguiliouk E, Ha V, de Souza RJ, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Effect of Plant Protein on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006659. [PMID: 29263032 PMCID: PMC5779002 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a heightened interest in plant-based diets for cardiovascular disease prevention. Although plant protein is thought to mediate such prevention through modifying blood lipids, the effect of plant protein in specific substitution for animal protein on blood lipids remains unclear. To assess the effect of this substitution on established lipid targets for cardiovascular risk reduction, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. METHODS AND RESULTS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Registry were searched through September 9, 2017. We included randomized controlled trials of ≥3 weeks comparing the effect of plant protein in substitution for animal protein on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic). The overall quality (certainty) of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. One-hundred twelve randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. Plant protein in substitution for animal protein decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.16 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, -0.20 to -0.12 mmol/L; P<0.00001; I2=55%; moderate-quality evidence), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.18 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, -0.22 to -0.14 mmol/L; P<0.00001; I2=52%; moderate-quality evidence), and apolipoprotein B by 0.05 g/L (95% confidence interval, -0.06 to -0.03 g/L; P<0.00001; I2=30%; moderate-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS Substitution of plant protein for animal protein decreases the established lipid targets low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. More high-quality randomized trials are needed to improve our estimates. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02037321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying S Li
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyubov Lytvyn
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Messina M, Rogero MM, Fisberg M, Waitzberg D. Health impact of childhood and adolescent soy consumption. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:500-515. [PMID: 28838083 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have been intensely researched, primarily because they provide such abundant amounts of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both plant estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Evidence suggests that these soybean constituents are protective against a number of chronic diseases, but they are not without controversy. In fact, because soyfoods contain such large amounts of isoflavones, concerns have arisen that these foods may cause untoward effects in some individuals. There is particular interest in understanding the effects of isoflavones in young people. Relatively few studies involving children have been conducted, and many of those that have are small in size. While the data are limited, evidence suggests that soy does not exert adverse hormonal effects in children or affect pubertal development. On the other hand, there is intriguing evidence indicating that when soy is consumed during childhood and/or adolescence, risk of developing breast cancer is markedly reduced. Relatively few children are allergic to soy protein, and most of those who initially are outgrow their soy allergy by 10 years of age. The totality of the available evidence indicates that soyfoods can be healthful additions to the diets of children, but more research is required to allow definitive conclusions to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, Massachusets, United States
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Nutrition and Feeding Difficulty Center, Pensi Institute, José Luiz Setubal Foundation, Sabará Children's Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dan Waitzberg
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Ganep Humana Nutrition, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Pirro M, Vetrani C, Bianchi C, Mannarino MR, Bernini F, Rivellese AA. Joint position statement on "Nutraceuticals for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia" of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID) and of the Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:2-17. [PMID: 27956024 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evidence showed that LDL-cholesterol lowering is associated with a significant cardiovascular risk reduction. The initial therapeutic approach to hypercholesterolemia includes dietary modifications but the compliance to recommendations is often inadequate. Some dietary components with potential cholesterol-lowering activity are present in small amounts in food. Therefore, in recent years the use of "nutraceuticals" (i.e., nutrients and/or bioactive compounds with potential beneficial effects on human health) has become widespread. Such substances may be added to foods and beverages, or taken as dietary supplements (liquid preparations, tablets, capsules). In the present manuscript, the cholesterol-lowering activity of some nutraceuticals (i.e. fiber, phytosterols, soy, policosanol, red yeast rice and berberine) will be discussed along with: 1) the level of evidence on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy emerging from clinical trial; 2) the possible side effects associated with their use; 3) the categories of patients who could benefit from their use. DATA SYNTHESIS Based on the current literature, the cholesterol-lowering effect of fiber, phytosterols and red yeast rice is consistent and supported by a good level of evidence. Over berberine, there is sufficient evidence showing significant cholesterol-lowering effects, although the results come from studies carried out almost exclusively in Asian populations. Data on the effects of soy are conflicting and, therefore, the strength of recommendation is quite low. The evidence on policosanol is inconclusive. CONCLUSION Although health benefits may arise from the use of nutraceuticals with cholesterol-lowering activity, their use might be also associated with possible risks and pitfalls, some of which are common to all nutraceuticals whereas others are related to specific nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy
| | - C Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy
| | - C Bianchi
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy; Unit of Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Area "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana", Pisa, Italy
| | - M R Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy
| | - F Bernini
- Italian Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (SISA), Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italy.
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12
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Messina M. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016; 8:E754. [PMID: 27886135 PMCID: PMC5188409 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA.
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13
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Tracking isoflavones in whole soy flour, soy muffins and the plasma of hypercholesterolaemic adults. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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