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Piña-Varas P, Ledo J, Queralt P, van Dorth DM, Marcuello A, Cabrera-Pérez I, D'Auria L, Martí A. Volcanic monitoring of the 2021 La Palma eruption using long-period magnetotelluric data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15929. [PMID: 37741929 PMCID: PMC10517953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Between September and December 2021, the first subaerial volcanic eruption in the Canary Islands in 50 years took place on the island of La Palma. Since November 2021, we have been conducting a long-period magnetotelluric (MT) monitoring experiment at a site located 2.4 km east of the volcanic cone. Having continuously recorded data since then, the obtained dataset shows significant changes in resistivity over the fourteen months following the eruption: more than ± 20% in apparent resistivity and ± 2 degrees in phase. These temporal variations in electrical resistivity, recorded continuously using long-period MT during both the syn- and post-eruptive stages, have not been reported to date, making this dataset unique. Four estimated impedances have been selected as representatives of the major temporal changes observed and inverted to generate new 3-D resistivity models. The results provide novel key information on the spatiotemporal evolution of the subsoil's electrical resistivity, enabling the characterization of a set of structures acting as preferred magmatic fluid pathways. Therefore, our study highlights the strong potential of MT as a volcanic monitoring tool and provides new insights about the evolution of the fluid pathways during the post-eruptive stage. These findings enhance our understanding of the magmatic system and may contribute to volcanic hazard mitigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Piña-Varas
- Departament de Dinàmica de La Terra I de L'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de La Terra. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Ledo
- Departamento de Física de La Tierra y Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Queralt
- Departament de Dinàmica de La Terra I de L'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de La Terra. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Martínez van Dorth
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Marcuello
- Departament de Dinàmica de La Terra I de L'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de La Terra. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Cabrera-Pérez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - L D'Auria
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), 38600, Granadilla de Abona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Martí
- Departament de Dinàmica de La Terra I de L'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de La Terra. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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González-García D, Boulesteix T, Klügel A, Holtz F. Bubble-enhanced basanite-tephrite mixing in the early stages of the Cumbre Vieja 2021 eruption, La Palma, Canary Islands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14839. [PMID: 37684313 PMCID: PMC10491805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syneruptive magma mixing is widespread in volcanic eruptions, affecting explosivity and composition of products, but its evidence in basaltic systems is usually cryptic. Here we report direct evidence of mixing between basanitic and tephritic magmas in the first days of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma. Groundmass glass in tephritic tephra from the fifth day of the eruption is locally inhomogeneous, showing micron-scale filamentary structures of Si-poor and Fe-, Mg-rich melt, forming complex filaments attached to bubbles. Their compositional distribution attests the presence of primitive basanitic magma, with compositions similar to late-erupted melts, interacting with an evolved tephritic melt during the first week of the event. From filament morphology, we suggest their generation by dragging and folding of basanitic melt during bubble migration through melt interfaces. Semi-quantitative diffusion modelling indicates that the filamentary structures are short-lived, dissipating in timescales of tens of seconds. In combination with thermobarometric constraints, we suggest a mixing onset by sub-Moho remobilization of a tephritic reservoir by basanite input, followed by turbulent ascent of a mingled magma. In the shallow conduit or lava fountain, bubble nucleation and migration triggered further mingling of the distinct melt-phases. This phenomenon might have enhanced the explosive behaviour of the eruption in such period, where violent strombolian explosions were common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Boulesteix
- Volcanology Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andreas Klügel
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - François Holtz
- Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Ubide T, Márquez Á, Ancochea E, Huertas MJ, Herrera R, Coello-Bravo JJ, Sanz-Mangas D, Mulder J, MacDonald A, Galindo I. Discrete magma injections drive the 2021 La Palma eruption. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4813. [PMID: 37406116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of the onset, evolution, and end of eruptions and their impact on eruption style is critical in eruption forecasting and emergency management. The composition of erupted liquids is a key piece of the volcano puzzle, but untangling subtle melt variations remains an analytical challenge. Here, we apply rapid, high-resolution matrix geochemical analysis on samples of known eruption date spanning the entire 2021 La Palma eruption. Sr isotope signatures reveal distinct pulses of basanite melt driving the onset, restart, and evolution of the eruption. Elemental variations in matrix and microcrysts track progressive invasion, and draining, of a subcrustal crystal mush. Associated variations in lava flow rate, vent development, seismicity, and SO2 emission demonstrate that volcanic matrix resolves eruption patterns that could be expected in future basaltic eruptions globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ubide
- The University of Queensland, School of the Environment; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Álvaro Márquez
- Universidad Complutense, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica; Madrid, Spain
| | - Eumenio Ancochea
- Universidad Complutense, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica; Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Herrera
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Área de Geología, Tecvolrisk Research Group; Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Sanz-Mangas
- Universidad Complutense, Área de Petrología y Geoquímica; Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME-CSIC); Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jack Mulder
- The University of Queensland, School of the Environment; Brisbane, Australia
- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences; Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice MacDonald
- The University of Queensland, School of the Environment; Brisbane, Australia
| | - Inés Galindo
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME-CSIC); Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Martín-Hernanz S, Nogales M, Valente L, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Pomeda-Gutiérrez F, Cano E, Marrero P, Olesen JM, Heleno R, Vargas P. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:667-684. [PMID: 36594263 PMCID: PMC10147335 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Canary Islands have strong floristic affinities with the Mediterranean Basin. One of the most characteristic and diverse vegetation belts of the archipelago is the thermophilous woodland (between 200 and 900 m.a.s.l.). This thermophilous plant community consists of many non-endemic species shared with the Mediterranean Floristic Region together with Canarian endemic species. Consequently, phytogeographic studies have historically proposed the hypothesis of an origin of the Canarian thermophilous species following the establishment of the summer-dry mediterranean climate in the Mediterranean Basin around 2.8 million years ago. METHODS Time-calibrated phylogenies for 39 plant groups including Canarian thermophilous species were primarily analysed to infer colonization times. In particular, we used 26 previously published phylogenies together with 13 new time-calibrated phylogenies (including newly generated plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data) to assess whether the time interval between stem and crown ages of Canarian thermophilous lineages postdates 2.8 Ma. For lineages postdating this time threshold, we additionally conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the potential source area for colonization. KEY RESULTS A total of 43 Canarian thermophilous lineages were identified from 39 plant groups. Both mediterranean (16) and pre-mediterranean (9) plant lineages were found. However, we failed to determine the temporal origin for 18 lineages because a stem-crown time interval overlaps with the 2.8-Ma threshold. The spatial origin of thermophilous lineages was also heterogeneous, including ancestral areas from the Mediterranean Basin (nine) and other regions (six). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an unexpectedly heterogeneous origin of the Canarian thermophilous species in terms of colonization times and mainland source areas. A substantial proportion of the lineages arrived in the Canaries before the summer-dry climate was established in the Mediterranean Basin. The complex temporal and geographic origin of Canarian thermophilous species challenges the view of the Canary Islands (and Madeira) as a subregion within the Mediterranean Floristic Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Luis Valente
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Department of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Pomeda-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Cano
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Marrero
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
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Dayton K, Gazel E, Wieser P, Troll VR, Carracedo JC, La Madrid H, Roman DC, Ward J, Aulinas M, Geiger H, Deegan FM, Gisbert G, Perez-Torrado FJ. Deep magma storage during the 2021 La Palma eruption. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7641. [PMID: 36753542 PMCID: PMC9908012 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2021 La Palma eruption provided an unpreceded opportunity to test the relationship between earthquake hypocenters and the location of magma reservoirs. We performed density measurements on CO2-rich fluid inclusions (FIs) hosted in olivine crystals that are highly sensitive to pressure via calibrated Raman spectroscopy. This technique can revolutionize our knowledge of magma storage and transport during an ongoing eruption, given that it can produce precise magma storage depth constraints in near real time with minimal sample preparation. Our FIs have CO2 recorded densities from 0.73 to 0.98 g/cm3, translating into depths of 15 to 27 km, which falls within the reported deep seismic zone recording the main melt storage reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dayton
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Esteban Gazel
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Penny Wieser
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Valentin R. Troll
- Department of Earth Sciences, Section for Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carracedo
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hector La Madrid
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Diana C. Roman
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Jamison Ward
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Meritxell Aulinas
- Department of Mineralogia, Petrologia, i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Geomodels Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Marti Franques s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harri Geiger
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Frances M. Deegan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Section for Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guillem Gisbert
- Department of Mineralogia, Petrologia, i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Perez-Torrado
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Del Fresno C, Cesca S, Klügel A, Domínguez Cerdeña I, Díaz-Suárez EA, Dahm T, García-Cañada L, Meletlidis S, Milkereit C, Valenzuela-Malebrán C, López-Díaz R, López C. Magmatic plumbing and dynamic evolution of the 2021 La Palma eruption. Nat Commun 2023; 14:358. [PMID: 36690620 PMCID: PMC9870893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2021 volcanic eruption at La Palma, Canary Islands, was the island's most voluminous historical eruption. Little is known about this volcano's feeding system. During the eruption, seismicity was distributed in two clusters at ~10-14 km and ~33-39 km depth, separated by an aseismic zone. This gap coincides with the location of weak seismic swarms in 2017-2021 and where petrological data have implied pre-eruptive magma storage. Here we use seismological methods to understand the seismic response to magma transfer, with 8,488 hypocentral relocations resolving small-scale seismogenic structures, and 156 moment tensors identifying stress heterogeneities and principal axes flips. Results suggest a long-lasting preparatory stage with the progressive destabilisation of an intermediate, mushy reservoir, and a co-eruptive stage with seismicity controlled by the drainage and interplay of two localised reservoirs. Our study provides new insights into the plumbing system that will improve the monitoring of future eruptions in the island.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Cesca
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Klügel
- Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Torsten Dahm
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Claus Milkereit
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carla Valenzuela-Malebrán
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Carmen López
- Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), Madrid, Spain
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Kyriou A, Nikolakopoulos KG. Lava Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Data after the Occurrence of a Volcanic Eruption-The Case of Cumbre Vieja Eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8768. [PMID: 36433367 PMCID: PMC9695005 DOI: 10.3390/s22228768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions pose a great threat to humans. In this context, volcanic hazard and risk assessment constitute crucial issues with respect to mitigating the effects of volcanic activity and ensuring the health and safety of inhabitants. Lava flows directly affect communities living near active volcanoes. Nowadays, remote sensing advances make it possible to effectively monitor eruptive activity, providing immediate and accurate information concerning lava evolution. The current research focuses on the mapping of the surface deformation and the analysis of lava flow evolution occurred on the island of La Palma, during the recent (2021) eruptive phase of the volcano. Sentinel-1 data covering the island were collected throughout the entire eruptive period, i.e., September 2021 until January 2022. The processing was based on amplitude-based and phase-based detection methods, i.e., Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) and offset tracking. In particular, ground deformation occurred on the island, while Line-Of-Sight (LOS) displacements were derived from Sentinel-1 interferograms. Moreover, the evolution of lava flow velocity was estimated using Sentinel-1 imagery along with offset tracking technique. The maximum lava flow velocity was calculated to be 2 m/day. It was proved that both approaches can provide rapid and useful information in emergencies, especially in inaccessible areas. Although offset tracking seems a quite promising technique for the mapping of lava flows, it still requires improvement.
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Cornu MN, Paris R, Doucelance R, Bachélery P, Bosq C, Auclair D, Benbakkar M, Gannoun AM, Guillou H. Exploring the links between volcano flank collapse and the magmatic evolution of an ocean island volcano: Fogo, Cape Verde. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17478. [PMID: 34471154 PMCID: PMC8410878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass-wasting of ocean island volcanoes is a well-documented phenomenon. Massive flank collapses may imply tens to hundreds of km3 and generate mega-tsunamis. However, the causal links between this large-scale, low-frequency instability, and the time-space evolution of magma storage, crystal fractionation/accumulation, lithospheric assimilation, and partial melting remains unclear. This paper aims at tracking time variations and links between lithospheric, crustal and surface processes before and after a major flank collapse (Monte Amarelo collapse ca. 70 ka) of Fogo volcano, Cape Verde Islands, by analysing the chemical composition (major, trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes) and age-controlled stratigraphy (K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating) of lavas along vertical sections (Bordeira caldera walls). The high-resolution sampling allows detecting original variations of composition at different time-scales: (1) a 60 kyrs-long period of increase of magma differentiation before the collapse; (2) a 10 kyrs-long episode of reorganization of magma storage and evacuation of residual magmas (enriched in incompatible elements) after the collapse; and (3) a delayed impact at the lithospheric scale ~ 50 kyrs after the collapse (increasing EM1-like materiel assimilation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie-Neige Cornu
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raphaël Paris
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Doucelance
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrick Bachélery
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chantal Bosq
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Auclair
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mhammed Benbakkar
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Abdel-Mouhcine Gannoun
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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9
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Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Martin-Pozas T, Jurado V, Miller AZ, Caldeira AT, Fernandez-Lorenzo O, Sanchez-Moral S, Saiz-Jimenez C. Prokaryotic communities from a lava tube cave in La Palma Island (Spain) are involved in the biogeochemical cycle of major elements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11386. [PMID: 34026356 PMCID: PMC8121065 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lava caves differ from karstic caves in their genesis and mineral composition. Subsurface microbiology of lava tube caves in Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, is largely unknown. We have focused the investigation in a representative lava tube cave, Fuente de la Canaria Cave, in La Palma Island, Spain, which presents different types of speleothems and colored microbial mats. Four samples collected in this cave were studied using DNA next-generation sequencing and field emission scanning electron microscopy for bacterial identification, functional profiling, and morphological characterization. The data showed an almost exclusive dominance of Bacteria over Archaea. The distribution in phyla revealed a majority abundance of Proteobacteria (37-89%), followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Candidatus Rokubacteria. These four phyla comprised a total relative abundance of 72-96%. The main ecological functions in the microbial communities were chemoheterotrophy, methanotrophy, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and CO2 fixation; although other ecological functions were outlined. Genome annotations of the especially representative taxon Ga0077536 (about 71% of abundance in moonmilk) predicted the presence of genes involved in CO2 fixation, formaldehyde consumption, sulfur and nitrogen metabolisms, and microbially-induced carbonate precipitation. The detection of several putative lineages associated with C, N, S, Fe and Mn indicates that Fuente de la Canaria Cave basalts are colonized by metabolically diverse prokaryotic communities involved in the biogeochemical cycling of major elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valme Jurado
- Environmental Microbiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Environmental Microbiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Albaladejo RG, Martín-Hernanz S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Aparicio A. Reconstruction of the spatio-temporal diversification and ecological niche evolution of Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands using genotyping-by-sequencing data. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:597-611. [PMID: 32386290 PMCID: PMC8052925 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several biogeographical models have been proposed to explain the colonization and diversification patterns of Macaronesian lineages. In this study, we calculated the diversification rates and explored what model best explains the current distribution of the 15 species endemic to the Canary Islands belonging to Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum (Cistaceae). METHODS We performed robust phylogenetic reconstructions based on genotyping-by-sequencing data and analysed the timing, biogeographical history and ecological niche conservatism of this endemic Canarian clade. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the monophyly of this clade, and retrieved five lineages not currently restricted to a single island. The pristine colonization event took place in the Pleistocene (~1.82 Ma) via dispersal to Tenerife by a Mediterranean ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and abundant diversification (0.75-1.85 species per million years) undergone by this Canarian clade seems the result of complex inter-island dispersal events followed by allopatric speciation driven mostly by niche conservatism, i.e. inter-island dispersal towards niches featuring similar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, significant instances of ecological niche shifts have also been observed in some lineages, making an important contribution to the overall diversification history of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Detection of volcanic unrest onset in La Palma, Canary Islands, evolution and implications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2540. [PMID: 33510383 PMCID: PMC7844277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
La Palma island is one of the highest potential risks in the volcanic archipelago of the Canaries and therefore it is important to carry out an in-depth study to define its state of unrest. This has been accomplished through the use of satellite radar observations and an original state-of-the-art interpretation technique. Here we show the detection of the onset of volcanic unrest on La Palma island, most likely decades before a potential eruption. We study its current evolution seeing the spatial and temporal changing nature of activity at this potentially dangerous volcano at unprecedented spatial resolutions and long time scales, providing insights into the dynamic nature of the associated volcanic hazard. The geodetic techniques employed here allow tracking of the fluid migration induced by magma injection at depth and identifying the existence of dislocation sources below Cumbre Vieja volcano which could be associated with a future flank failure. Therefore they should continue being monitored using these and other techniques. The results have implications for the monitoring of steep-sided volcanoes at oceanic islands.
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12
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La Palma island (Spain) geothermal system revealed by 3D magnetotelluric data inversion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18181. [PMID: 33097774 PMCID: PMC7585421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of geothermal systems is nowadays a topic of great importance because of the huge amount of energy that could be converted in electricity for human consumption from such sources. Among the various geophysical methods employed to study geothermal reservoirs, the magnetotelluric (MT) method is capable to reveal the internal structures of the subsurface and interpret the geological structures from the electrical resistivity. We present the first 3D resistivity model of La Palma (Canary archipelago, Spain) obtained from a dataset of 44 broadband magnetotelluric soundings distributed around the island. Our results highlight the presence of resistivity anomalies, spatially coinciding with density anomalies present in literature. In the north of the island, a high resistivity anomaly can be interpreted as the signature of an old intrusive body beneath the Taburiente caldera. In the south, a complex resistivity structure around the Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge could be indicative of presence of an active geothermal system. In particular, low-resistivity anomalies, located in a high-fractured zone, have values compatible with clay alteration caps (illite and illite–smectite). Such a result suggests the presence of hot rocks, or a dike system, heating fluids in the interior of Cumbre Vieja volcanic system.
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13
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Thiele ST, Cruden AR, Micklethwaite S, Bunger AP, Köpping J. Dyke apertures record stress accumulation during sustained volcanism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17335. [PMID: 33060760 PMCID: PMC7566645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The feedback between dyke and sill intrusions and the evolution of stresses within volcanic systems is poorly understood, despite its importance for magma transport and volcano instability. Long-lived ocean island volcanoes are crosscut by thousands of dykes, which must be accommodated through a combination of flank slip and visco-elastic deformation. Flank slip is dominant in some volcanoes (e.g., Kilauea), but how intrusions are accommodated in other volcanic systems remains unknown. Here we apply digital mapping techniques to collect > 400,000 orientation and aperture measurements from 519 sheet intrusions within Volcán Taburiente (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) and investigate their emplacement and accommodation. We show that vertically ascending dykes were deflected to propagate laterally as they approached the surface of the volcano, forming a radial dyke swarm, and propose a visco-elastic model for their accommodation. Our model reproduces the measured dyke-aperture distribution and predicts that stress accumulates within densely intruded regions of the volcano, blocking subsequent dykes and causing eruptive activity to migrate. These results have significant implications for the organisation of magma transport within volcanic edifices, and the evolution and stability of long-lived volcanic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Thiele
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia. .,Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander R Cruden
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Steven Micklethwaite
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew P Bunger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15269, USA
| | - Jonas Köpping
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
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14
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Geodetic Study of the 2006–2010 Ground Deformation in La Palma (Canary Islands): Observational Results. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
La Palma is one of the youngest of the Canary Islands, and historically the most active. The recent activity and unrest in the archipelago, the moderate seismicity observed in 2017 and 2018 and the possibility of catastrophic landslides related to the Cumbre Vieja volcano have made it strongly advisable to ensure a realistic knowledge of the background surface deformation on the island. This will then allow any anomalous deformation related to potential volcanic unrest on the island to be detected by monitoring the surface deformation. We describe here the observation results obtained during the 2006–2010 period using geodetic techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Advanced Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR) and microgravimetry. These results show that, although there are no significant associated variations in gravity, there is a clear surface deformation that is spatially and temporally variable. Our results are discussed from the point of view of the unrest and its implications for the definition of an operational geodetic monitoring system for the island.
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15
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Miller AZ, De la Rosa JM, Jiménez-Morillo NT, Pereira MFC, Gonzalez-Perez JA, Knicker H, Saiz-Jimenez C. Impact of wildfires on subsurface volcanic environments: New insights into speleothem chemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134321. [PMID: 31783462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Siliceous speleothems frequently reported in volcanic caves have been traditionally interpreted as resulting from basalt weathering combined with the activity of microbial communities. A characteristic feature in lava tubes from Hawaii, Azores and Canary Islands is the occurrence of black jelly-like speleothems. Here we describe the formation process of siliceous black speleothems found in a lava tube from La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain, based on mineralogy, microscopy, light stable isotopes, analytical pyrolysis, NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. The data indicate that the black speleothems are composed of a hydrated gel matrix of amorphous aluminum silicate materials containing charred vegetation and thermally degraded resins from pines or triterpenoids from Erica arborea, characteristic of the overlying laurel forest. This is the first observation of a connection between fire and speleothem chemistry from volcanic caves. We conclude that wildfires and organic matter from the surface area overlying caves may play an important role in the formation of speleothems found in La Palma and demonstrate that siliceous speleothems are potential archives for past fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z Miller
- Laboratório HERCULES, Universidade de Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-676 Évora, Portugal; Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel F C Pereira
- CERENA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A Gonzalez-Perez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Viotti S, Sangil C, Hernández CA, Hernández JC. Effects of long-term exposure to reduced pH conditions on the shell and survival of an intertidal gastropod. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 152:104789. [PMID: 31522874 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic CO2 vents are useful environments for investigating the biological responses of marine organisms to changing ocean conditions (Ocean acidification, OA). Marine shelled molluscs are highly sensitive to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. In this study, we investigated the effects of reduced pH on the intertidal gastropod, Phorcus sauciatus, in a volcanic CO2 vent off La Palma Island (Canary Islands, North East Atlantic Ocean), a location with a natural pH gradient ranging from 7.0 to 8.2 over the tidal cycles. Density and size-frequency distribution, shell morphology, shell integrity, fracture resistance, and desiccation tolerance were evaluated between populations from control and CO2 vent sites. We found no effects of reduced pH on population parameters or desiccation tolerance across the pH gradient, but significant differences in shell morphology, shell integrity, and fracture resistance were detected. Individuals from the CO2 vent site exhibited a higher shell aspect ratio, greater percentages of shell dissolution and break, and compromised shell strength than those from the control site. Our results highlight that long-term exposure to high pCO2 can negatively affect the shell features of P. sauciatus but may not have a significant effect on population performance. Moreover, we suggest that loss of shell properties could lead to changes in predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Viotti
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Celso Agustín Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Carlos Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Spain.
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17
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Ávila SP, Melo C, Berning B, Sá N, Quartau R, Rijsdijk KF, Ramalho RS, Cordeiro R, De Sá NC, Pimentel A, Baptista L, Medeiros A, Gil A, Johnson ME. Towards a 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model: impact of island ontogeny and glacio-eustasy on global patterns of marine island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1116-1142. [PMID: 30609249 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic model is presented to enlarge the evolutionary framework of the General Dynamic Model (GDM) and the Glacial Sensitive Model (GSM) of oceanic island biogeography from the terrestrial to the marine realm. The proposed 'Sea-Level Sensitive' dynamic model (SLS) of marine island biogeography integrates historical and ecological biogeography with patterns of glacio-eustasy, merging concepts from areas as diverse as taxonomy, biogeography, marine biology, volcanology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, palaeontology, geochronology and geomorphology. Fundamental to the SLS model is the dynamic variation of the littoral area of volcanic oceanic islands (defined as the area between the intertidal and the 50-m isobath) in response to sea-level oscillations driven by glacial-interglacial cycles. The following questions are considered by means of this revision: (i) what was the impact of (global) glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillations, particularly those of the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial episodes, on the littoral marine fauna and flora of volcanic oceanic islands? (ii) What are the main factors that explain the present littoral marine biodiversity on volcanic oceanic islands? (iii) How can differences in historical and ecological biogeography be reconciled, from a marine point of view? These questions are addressed by compiling the bathymetry of 11 Atlantic archipelagos/islands to obtain quantitative data regarding changes in the littoral area based on Pleistocene sea-level oscillations, from 150 thousand years ago (ka) to the present. Within the framework of a model sensitive to changing sea levels, we discuss the principal factors affecting the geographical range of marine species; the relationships between modes of larval development, dispersal strategies and geographical range; the relationships between times of speciation, modes of larval development, ecological zonation and geographical range; the influence of sea-surface temperatures and latitude on littoral marine species diversity; the effect of eustatic sea-level changes and their impact on the littoral marine biota; island marine species-area relationships; and finally, the physical effects of island ontogeny and its associated submarine topography and marine substrate on littoral biota. Based on the SLS dynamic model, we offer a number of predictions for tropical, subtropical and temperate volcanic oceanic islands on how rates of immigration, colonization, in-situ speciation, local disappearance, and extinction interact and affect the marine biodiversity around islands during glacials and interglacials, thus allowing future testing of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio P Ávila
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Carlos Melo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Björn Berning
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Leonding 4060, Austria
| | - Nuno Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Tecnológicas e do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Rui Quartau
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Divisão de Geologia Marinha, Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kenneth F Rijsdijk
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo S Ramalho
- Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal.,Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K
| | - Ricardo Cordeiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Nuno C De Sá
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- Centro de Informação e Vigilância Sismovulcânica dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Lara Baptista
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,MPB-Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group of the University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - António Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Artur Gil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.,Ce3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801, Portugal
| | - Markes E Johnson
- Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, U.S.A
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18
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Stokkan M, Jurado-Rivera JA, Oromí P, Juan C, Jaume D, Pons J. Species delimitation and mitogenome phylogenetics in the subterranean genus Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:988-999. [PMID: 30004011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amphi-Atlantic distributions exhibited by many thalassoid stygobiont (obligate subterranean) crustaceans have been explained by fragmentation by plate tectonics of ancestral shallow water marine populations. The amphipod stygobiont genus Pseudoniphargus is distributed across the Mediterranean region but also in the North Atlantic archipelagos of Bermuda, Azores, Madeira and the Canaries. We used species delimitation methods and mitogenome phylogenetic analyses to clarify the species diversity and evolutionary relationships within the genus and timing their diversification. Analyses included samples from the Iberian Peninsula, northern Morocco, the Balearic, Canarian, Azores and Madeira archipelagoes plus Bermuda. In most instances, morphological and molecular-based species delimitation analyses yielded consistent results. Notwithstanding, in a few cases either incipient speciation with no involvement of detectable morphological divergence or species crypticism were the most plausible explanations for the disagreement found between morphological and molecular species delimitations. Phylogenetic analyses based on a robust calibrated mitochondrial tree suggested that Pseudoniphargus lineages have a younger age than for other thalassoid amphipods displaying a disjunct distribution embracing both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. A major split within the family was estimated to occur at the Paleocene, when a lineage from Northern Iberian Peninsula diverged from the rest of pseudoniphargids. Species diversification in the peri-Mediterranean area was deduced to occur in early Miocene to Tortonian times, while in the Atlantic islands it started in the Pliocene. Our results show that the current distribution pattern of Pseudoniphargus resulted from a complex admix of relatively ancient vicariance events and several episodes of long- distance dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Stokkan
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190 Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - José A Jurado-Rivera
- Dept. of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, Palma 07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro Oromí
- Dept. of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. Campus de Anchieta, Ap. correos 456, La Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190 Balearic Islands, Spain; Dept. of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7'5, Palma 07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Damià Jaume
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190 Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Joan Pons
- IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, C/ Miquel Marquès 21, Esporles, 07190 Balearic Islands, Spain.
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19
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Irl SDH, Schweiger AH, Medina FM, Fernández-Palacios JM, Harter DEV, Jentsch A, Provenzale A, Steinbauer MJ, Beierkuhnlein C. An island view of endemic rarity-Environmental drivers and consequences for nature conservation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Severin D. H. Irl
- Biogeography; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
| | - Andreas H. Schweiger
- Biogeography; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
- Department of Bioscience; Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Félix M. Medina
- Servicio de Medio Ambiente; Cabildo Insular de La Palma; Santa Cruz de La Palma Canary Islands Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC); La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | - José M. Fernández-Palacios
- Department of Ecology; Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group; Universidad de La Laguna; La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain
| | | | - Anke Jentsch
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
- Disturbance Ecology; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
| | - Antonello Provenzale
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG); National Research Council (CNR); Pisa Italy
| | - Manuel J. Steinbauer
- Department of Bioscience; Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Biogeography; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
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20
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Martí J, Villaseñor A, Geyer A, López C, Tryggvason A. Stress barriers controlling lateral migration of magma revealed by seismic tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40757. [PMID: 28084436 PMCID: PMC5233990 DOI: 10.1038/srep40757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how monogenetic volcanic systems work requires full comprehension of the local and regional stresses that govern magma migration inside them and why/how they seem to change from one eruption to another. During the 2011–2012 El Hierro eruption (Canary Islands) the characteristics of unrest, including a continuous change in the location of seismicity, made the location of the future vent unpredictable, so short term hazard assessment was highly imprecise. A 3D P-wave velocity model is obtained using arrival times of the earthquakes occurred during that pre-eruptive unrest and several latter post-eruptive seismic crises not related to further eruptions. This model reveals the rheological and structural complexity of the interior of El Hierro volcanic island. It shows a number of stress barriers corresponding to regional tectonic structures and blocked pathways from previous eruptions, which controlled ascent and lateral migration of magma and, together with the existence of N-S regional compression, reduced its options to find a suitable path to reach the surface and erupt.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martí
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villaseñor
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Geyer
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C López
- Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tryggvason
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geophysics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Hernández CA, Sangil C, Hernández JC. A new CO2 vent for the study of ocean acidification in the Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:419-426. [PMID: 27210563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural CO2 vents are considered the gold standard of ocean acidification (OA) studies. In coastal areas these rare vents have only been investigated at the Mediterranean temperate rocky reefs and at Indo-Pacific coral reefs, although there should be more at other volcanic shores around the world. Substantial scientific efforts on investigating OA effects have been mostly performed by laboratory experiments. However, there is a debate on how acute this kind of approach truly represents the responses to OA scenarios, since it generally involves short-term, rapid perturbation and single variable and species experiments. Due to these limitations, world areas with natural CO2 vents are essential to understand long-term marine ecosystem responses to rising human derived atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here, we presented a new vent found in the subtropical North East Atlantic reefs (28°N, La Palma Island) that shows moderate CO2 emission (900ppm), reducing pH values to an annual average of 7.86±0.16.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - C Sangil
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J C Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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López de Heredia U, López R, Collada C, Emerson BC, Gil L. Signatures of volcanism and aridity in the evolution of an insular pine (Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. Ex DC in Buch). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:240-9. [PMID: 24619181 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands of volcanic origin provide useful templates for the study of evolution because they are subjected to recurrent perturbations that generate steep environmental gradients that may promote adaptation. Here we combine population genetic data from nuclear genes with the analysis of environmental variation and phenotypic data from common gardens to disentangle the confounding effects of demography and selection to identify the factors of importance for the evolution of the insular pine P. canariensis. Eight nuclear genes were partially sequenced in a survey covering the entire species range, and phenotypic traits were measured in four common gardens from contrasting environments. The explanatory power of population substrate age and environmental indices were assessed against molecular and phenotypic diversity estimates. In addition, neutral genetic variability (FST) and the genetic differentiation of phenotypic variation (QST) were compared in order to identify the evolutionary forces acting on these traits. Two key factors in the evolution of the species were identified: (1) recurrent volcanic activity has left an imprint in the genetic diversity of the nuclear genes; (2) aridity in southern slopes promotes local adaptation in the driest localities of P. canariensis, despite high levels of gene flow among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- U López de Heredia
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - R López
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Collada
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - B C Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, IPNA-CSIC, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - L Gil
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
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Sangil C, Martín-García L, Clemente S. Assessing the impact of fishing in shallow rocky reefs: a multivariate approach to ecosystem management. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:203-213. [PMID: 24045124 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we develop a tool to assess the impact of fishing on ecosystem functioning in shallow rocky reefs. The relationships between biological parameters (fishes, sea urchins, seaweeds), and fishing activities (fish traps, boats, land-based fishing, spearfishing) were tested in La Palma island (Canary Islands). Data from fishing activities and biological parameters were analyzed using principal component analyses. We produced two models using the first component of these analyses. This component was interpreted as a new variable that described the fishing pressure and the conservation status at each studied site. Subsequently the scores on the first axis were mapped using universal kriging methods and the models obtained were extrapolated across the whole island to display the expected fishing pressure and conservation status more widely. The fishing pressure and conservation status models were spatially related; zones where fishing pressure was high coincided with zones in the unhealthiest ecological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sangil
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 0843-03092 Ancon, Panama City, Panama.
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CHIARUCCI ALESSANDRO, BACARO GIOVANNI, TRIANTIS KOSTASA, FERNÁNDEZ-PALACIOS JOSÉMARIA. Biogeographical determinants of pteridophytes and spermatophytes on oceanic archipelagos. SYST BIODIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2011.603381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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