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Ronca CL, Duque-Soto C, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Morales-Hernández ME, Olalla-Herrera M, Lozano-Sánchez J, Giménez Martínez R. Exploring the Nutritional and Bioactive Potential of Olive Leaf Residues: A Focus on Minerals and Polyphenols in the Context of Spain's Olive Oil Production. Foods 2024; 13:1036. [PMID: 38611342 PMCID: PMC11012209 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyophilized plant-origin extracts are rich in highly potent antioxidant polyphenols. In order to incorporate them into food products, it is necessary to protect these phytochemicals from atmospheric factors such as heat, light, moisture, or pH, and to enhance their bioavailability due to their low solubility. To address these challenges, recent studies have focused on the development of encapsulation techniques for antioxidant compounds within polymeric structures. In this study, lyophilized olive leaf extracts were microencapsulated with the aim of overcoming the aforementioned challenges. The method used for the preparation of the studied microparticles involves external ionic gelation carried out within a water-oil (W/O) emulsion at room temperature. HPLC analysis demonstrates a high content of polyphenols, with 90% of the bioactive compounds encapsulated. Meanwhile, quantification by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) reveals that the dried leaves, lyophilized extract, and microencapsulated form contain satisfactory levels of macro- and micro-minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium). The microencapsulation technique could be a novel strategy to harness the polyphenols and minerals of olive leaves, thus enriching food products and leveraging the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic compounds found in the lyophilized extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Ronca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | | | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Rafael Giménez Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
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Teixé-Roig J, Oms-Oliu G, Odriozola-Serrano I, Martín-Belloso O. Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems to Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Compounds: Towards the Use of Ingredients from Natural, Sustainable Sources. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071502. [PMID: 37048323 PMCID: PMC10094036 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the trend in the population towards consuming more natural and sustainable foods has increased significantly. This claim has led to the search for new sources of bioactive compounds and extraction methods that have less impact on the environment. Moreover, the formulation of systems to protect these compounds is also focusing on the use of ingredients of natural origin. This article reviews novel, natural alternative sources of bioactive compounds with a positive impact on sustainability. In addition, it also contains information on the most recent studies based on the use of natural (especially from plants) emulsifiers in the design of emulsion-based delivery systems to protect bioactive compounds. The properties of these natural-based emulsion-delivery systems, as well as their functionality, including in vitro and in vivo studies, are also discussed. This review provides relevant information on the latest advances in the development of emulsion delivery systems based on ingredients from sustainable natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Teixé-Roig
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida—Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gemma Oms-Oliu
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida—Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida—Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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3
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Seasonal variations in the nutritive value of fifteen multipurpose fodder tree species: A case study of north-western Himalayan mid-hills. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276689. [PMID: 36282850 PMCID: PMC9595570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipurpose tree species are recognized as an important fodder source for livestock, but their potential remains untapped due to dearth of knowledge about their nutritive value. Therefore, 15 MPTs, i.e., Acacia catechu, Albizia chinensis, Bauhinia variegata, Celtis australis, Ficus roxburghii, Grewia optiva, Leucaena leucocephala, Melia composita, Morus serrata, Olea glandulifera, Ougienia oojeinensis, Pittosporum floribundum, Quercus glauca, Q. leucotrichophora and Salix tetrasperma were evaluated for nutritional characteristics, relative nutritive value index (RNVI), palatability index and farmers' preference on a seasonal basis in north-western Himalayas mid-hills. Most of the nutritive and mineral content decreased as leaves matured with the exception of ether extract, calcium, copper, organic matter and carbohydrate content, while cell-wall constituents and anti-nutritional contents increased. Overall, M. serrata had the highest RNVI in spring and summer, while G. optiva during autumn and winter. Similarly, L. leucocephala had the highest palatability (97.86%), while M. composita (38.47%) had the lowest one. Additionally, G. optiva was the most favored MPT for livestock among farmers, while M. composita was the least ones. The outcome of the study will help policy makers, planners and farm managers in establishing large scale plantations of highly nutritious and palatable species, like G. optiva, L. leucocephala, B. variegata, and M. serrata for year-round supply of green leaves and as a supplement to low-quality feed.
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Rodríguez C, Garcia-Caurel E, Garnatje T, Serra I Ribas M, Luque J, Campos J, Lizana A. Polarimetric observables for the enhanced visualization of plant diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14743. [PMID: 36042370 PMCID: PMC9428171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper highlights the potential of using polarimetric methods for the inspection of plant diseased tissues. We show how depolarizing observables are a suitable tool for the accurate discrimination between healthy and diseased tissues due to the pathogen infection of plant samples. The analysis is conducted on a set of different plant specimens showing various disease symptoms and infection stages. By means of a complete image Mueller polarimeter, we measure the experimental Mueller matrices of the samples, from which we calculate a set of metrics analyzing the depolarization content of the inspected leaves. From calculated metrics, we demonstrate, in a qualitative and quantitative way, how depolarizing information of vegetal tissues leads to the enhancement of image contrast between healthy and diseased tissues, as well as to the revelation of wounded regions which cannot be detected by means of regular visual inspections. Moreover, we also propose a pseudo-colored image method, based on the depolarizing metrics, capable to further enhance the visual image contrast between healthy and diseased regions in plants. The ability of proposed methods to characterize plant diseases (even at early stages of infection) may be of interest for preventing yield losses due to different plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodríguez
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Enrique Garcia-Caurel
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Botanical Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Serra I Ribas
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08348, Cabrils, Spain
| | - Juan Campos
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Lizana
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Syed RU, Moni SS, Alfaisal RH, Alrashidi RH, Alrashidi NF, Wadeed KM, Alshammary FN, Habib AM, Alharbi FM, ur Rehman Z, Shamsher Alam M, Basode VK, Abdulhaq AA. Spectral characterization of the bioactive principles and antibacterial properties of cold methanolic extract of Olea europaea from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Optimizing the Extraction Conditions of Hydroxytyrosol from Olive Leaves Using a Modified Spherical Activated Carbon: A New Experimental Design. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6199627. [PMID: 35620226 PMCID: PMC9129965 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6199627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The purification of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract by modified activated carbon was studied experimentally in a batch system and a column by adsorption and desorption processes. The extraction yield reached 90% of hydroxytyrosol, which is the major compound found in the extract. Despite the abundance of research on extracts of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, it seems that the applied methods can be further improved. In this study, several approaches were applied to optimize the extraction conditions of this molecule. Hence, the response surface method and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to evaluate the effect of the temperature, time, and adsorbent dose on the hydroxytyrosol recovery. Moreover, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies were also performed to clarify the nature of the process. The main finding was the obtainment of a maximum adsorption yield of 97.5% at an adsorbent/adsorbate ratio of 1 : 20, after a 6 h cycle and at a temperature of 30°C. Furthermore, adsorption process seemed to fit best with Freundlich model. In addition, the thermodynamic study describes a spontaneous and endothermic process. Desorption assay using ethanol helped to recover 73% of hydroxytyrosol. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis of fractions after column adsorption showed a simple peak of hydroxytyrosol with purity higher than 97% and a flavonoids-rich fraction. These findings would indicate that this separation method for the recovery of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity can be a very promising one.
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Rezig L, Chemkhi H, Gharsallah K, Mokbli S, B'chir F, Ben Achour N, Bourgou S, Chouaibi M. Profile characterization and biological activities of cold pressed Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum) seed oil. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) effect on compositional analysis of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oueslati A, Montevecchi G, Antonelli A, Mansour HB. Short-time irrigation on young olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) with untreated industrial poultry wastewater: investigation of growth parameters and leaves chemical composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50420-50429. [PMID: 33954919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term irrigation effect with industrial poultry wastewater on young olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali). Industrial poultry wastewater can be considered as a bio-fertilizer due to its richness in nutritive elements (SO42-, HCO3-, total nitrogen, and K+). The physicochemical analysis of wastewater showed a high concentration of TSS, COD, BOD, COT, NO3-, and conductivity. Measurements indicated that poultry wastewater enhanced plant growth, leaves dry matter, and ashes in comparison with tap water, as well as poultry wastewater diluted with tap water; however, a decrease in total soluble sugars (glucose and fructose) was detected in leaves. The determination of fatty acid profile of young olive trees leaves irrigated with poultry wastewater showed richness on saturated fatty acids in comparison with mono- and poly-unsaturated ones. In addition, oleic acid (C18:1) presented the lowest content in leaves of trees irrigated with poultry wastewater irrigation. According to those results, poultry wastewater lends itself to being a hydric alternative and at the same time a source of nutrients that can help fill the water deficit in semi-arid countries and avoid costly waste disposal for slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Oueslati
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environmental - APAE UR17ES32 - Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences (Agro-Food Science Area), BIOGEST-SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montevecchi
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environmental - APAE UR17ES32 - Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Antonelli
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environmental - APAE UR17ES32 - Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied on the Environmental - APAE UR17ES32 - Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Abstract
The agricultural and processing activities of olive crops generate a substantial amount of food by-products, particularly olive leaves, which are mostly underexploited, representing a significant threat to the environment. Olive leaves are endowed with endogenous bioactive compounds. Their beneficial/health-promoting potential, together with environmental protection and circular economy, merit their exploitation to recover and reuse natural components that are potentially safer alternatives to synthetic counterparts. These biomass residues have great potential for extended industrial applications in food/dietary systems but have had limited commercial uses so far. In this regard, many researchers have endeavoured to determine a green/sustainable means to replace the conventional/inefficient methods currently used. This is not an easy task as a sustainable bio-processing approach entails careful designing to maximise the liberation of compounds with minimum use of (i) processing time, (ii) toxic solvent (iii) fossil fuel energy, and (iv) overall cost. Thus, it is necessary to device viable strategies to (i) optimise the extraction of valuable biomolecules from olive leaves and enable their conversion into high added-value products, and (ii) minimise generation of agro-industrial waste streams. This review provides an insight to the principal bioactive components naturally present in olive leaves, and an overview of the existing/proposed methods associated with their analysis, extraction, applications, and stability.
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Bouaziz MA, Bchir B, Chalbi H, Sebii H, Karra S, Smaoui S, Attia H, Besbes S. Techno-functional characterization and biological potential of Agave americana leaves: Impact on yoghurt qualities. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bennato F, Innosa D, Ianni A, Martino C, Grotta L, Martino G. Volatile Profile in Yogurt Obtained from Saanen Goats Fed with Olive Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:E2311. [PMID: 32423117 PMCID: PMC7287967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of volatile compounds in yogurt samples obtained from goats fed a dietary supplementation with olive leaves (OL). For this purpose, thirty Saanen goats were divided into two homogeneous groups of 15 goats each: a control group that received a standard diet (CG) and an experimental group whose diet was supplemented with olive leaves (OLG). The trial lasted 28 days, at the end of which the milk of each group was collected and used for yogurt production. Immediately after production, and after 7 days of storage at 4 °C in the absence of light, the yogurt samples were characterized in terms of fatty acid profile, oxidative stability and volatile compounds by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-GC/MS technique. Dietary OL supplementation positively affected the fatty acid composition, inducing a significant increase in the relative proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid (C18:1 cis9) and linolenic acid (C18:3). With regard to the volatile profile, both in fresh and yogurt samples stored for 7 days, the OL supplementation induced an increase in free fatty acids, probably due to an increase in lipolysis carried out by microbial and endogenous milk enzymes. Specifically, the largest variations were found for C6, C7, C8 and C10 free fatty acids. In the same samples, a significant decrease in aldehydes, mainly heptanal and nonanal, was also detected, supporting-at least in part-an improvement in the oxidative stability. Moreover, alcohols, esters and ketones appeared lower in OLG samples, while no significant variations were observed for lactones. These findings suggest the positive role of dietary OL supplementation in the production of goats' milk yogurt, with characteristics potentially indicative of an improvement in nutritional properties and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bennato
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Denise Innosa
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Via Campo Boario 37, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.B.); (D.I.); (A.I.); (L.G.)
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Effect of the spray and freeze dryers on the bioactive compounds of olive leaf aqueous extract by chemometrics of HCA and PCA. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Mattioli S, Dal Bosco A, Duarte JMM, D'Amato R, Castellini C, Beone GM, Fontanella MC, Beghelli D, Regni L, Businelli D, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Proietti P. Use of Selenium-enriched olive leaves in the feed of growing rabbits: Effect on oxidative status, mineral profile and Selenium speciation of Longissimus dorsi meat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:98-105. [PMID: 30466946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the use of Selenium-fortified olive leaves as potential dietary source of Se in rabbit nutrition was evaluated. Sixty New Zealand White rabbits (35 days of age) were randomly assigned to the following dietary treatments: standard diet (C), and C supplemented with either 10% olive leaves (OL) or 10% Selenium-fortified olive leaves (SeOL; 100 mg/L of foliar spray sodium selenate solution). At 70 days of age, 10 rabbits per group were slaughtered and the oxidative status, mineral profile and Selenium speciation of Longissimus dorsi meat was analyzed. Meat of the SeOL group exhibited better oxidative status (lower TBARS, higher GPx and α-tocopherol values) and a 5-fold higher Se content compared to that of the other treatments. The main Se form was SeMet (7-fold higher in the SeOL group), followed by SeCys2. The present trial demonstrates the possibility of using agro-industrial by-products as ingredients in rabbit feeds, thereby enriching meat bioactive compound content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Roberto D'Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Beone
- Department for Sustainable Process, Agricultural Faculty, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Fontanella
- Department for Sustainable Process, Agricultural Faculty, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Businelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Primo Proietti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Gullón B, Gullón P, Eibes G, Cara C, De Torres A, López-Linares JC, Ruiz E, Castro E. Valorisation of olive agro-industrial by-products as a source of bioactive compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:533-542. [PMID: 30029129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of olive-derived biomass is generated yearly in Spain, which could be used as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The present work evaluates the recovery of natural antioxidants from olive tree pruning (OTP) and olive mill leaves (OML). For this purpose, the effect of different solvents on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The solvent was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the TPC, TFC, and the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activity, affording similar results for the extracts from the two by-products. The extracts obtained using 50% ethanol showed high TPC (23.85 and 27.54 mg GAE/gdw for OTP and OML, respectively) and TFC (52.82 and 52.39 mg RE/gdw for OTP and OML, respectively). Also, the OTP and OML extracts exhibited notable antioxidant activity as measured by the ABTS method (45.96 and 42.71 mg TE/gdw, respectively). Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 30 bioactive compounds were detected in both extracts. Additionally, UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS allowed the identification of 15 compounds in the samples. Furthermore, the antioxidant extracts were found to inhibit the growth of several food pathogenic bacteria. This research demonstrates that these by-products from olive grove farming are a good source of antioxidant compounds with antibacterial properties, which have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gullón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Cara
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonia De Torres
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Linares
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Encarnación Ruiz
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Eulogio Castro
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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