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Nguyen C, Kudek M, Zander R, Niu H, Shen J, Bauer A, Alson D, Khatun A, Chen Y, Sun J, Drobyski W, Edelson BT, Cui W. Bhlhe40 Promotes CD4+ T Helper 1 Cell and Suppresses T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1829-1842. [PMID: 38619295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In response to acute infection, naive CD4+ T cells primarily differentiate into T helper 1 (Th1) or T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that play critical roles in orchestrating cellular or humoral arms of immunity, respectively. However, despite the well established role of T-bet and BCL-6 in driving Th1 and Tfh cell lineage commitment, respectively, whether additional transcriptional circuits also underlie the fate bifurcation of Th1 and Tfh cell subsets is not fully understood. In this article, we study how the transcriptional regulator Bhlhe40 dictates the Th1/Tfh differentiation axis in mice. CD4+ T cell-specific deletion of Bhlhe40 abrogates Th1 but augments Tfh differentiation. We also assessed an increase in germinal center B cells and Ab production, suggesting that deletion of Bhlhe40 in CD4+ T cells not only alters Tfh differentiation but also their capacity to provide help to B cells. To identify molecular mechanisms by which Bhlhe40 regulates Th1 versus Tfh lineage choice, we first performed epigenetic profiling in the virus specific Th1 and Tfh cells following LCMV infection, which revealed distinct promoter and enhancer activities between the two helper cell lineages. Furthermore, we identified that Bhlhe40 directly binds to cis-regulatory elements of Th1-related genes such as Tbx21 and Cxcr6 to activate their expression while simultaneously binding to regions of Tfh-related genes such as Bcl6 and Cxcr5 to repress their expression. Collectively, our data suggest that Bhlhe40 functions as a transcription activator to promote Th1 cell differentiation and a transcription repressor to suppress Tfh cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthew Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ryan Zander
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hongshen Niu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Donia Alson
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - William Drobyski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Li Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Tang N, Zhang W, Huo J, Zhang D. Role of differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene 2 in immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335473. [PMID: 38533496 PMCID: PMC10963606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene 2 (DEC2) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) subfamily of transcription factors. DEC2 is implicated in tumor immunotherapy, immune system function regulation, and autoimmune diseases. DEC2 enhances Th2 cell differentiation by regulating the IL-2 and IL-4 signaling pathways and mediates the growth of B-1a cells, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of inflammatory responses. In this study, we review the reported roles of DEC2, including the regulation of immune cell differentiation and cytokine production in various cells in humans, and discuss its potential in treating autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingru Huo
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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van den Berg L, Kokki K, Wowro SJ, Petricek KM, Deniz O, Stegmann CA, Robciuc M, Teesalu M, Melvin RG, Nieminen AI, Schupp M, Hietakangas V. Sugar-responsive inhibition of Myc-dependent ribosome biogenesis by Clockwork orange. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112739. [PMID: 37405919 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to feed on a sugar-containing diet depends on a gene regulatory network controlled by the intracellular sugar sensor Mondo/ChREBP-Mlx, which remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we present a genome-wide temporal clustering of sugar-responsive gene expression in Drosophila larvae. We identify gene expression programs responding to sugar feeding, including downregulation of ribosome biogenesis genes, known targets of Myc. Clockwork orange (CWO), a component of the circadian clock, is found to be a mediator of this repressive response and to be necessary for survival on a high-sugar diet. CWO expression is directly activated by Mondo-Mlx, and it counteracts Myc through repression of its gene expression and through binding to overlapping genomic regions. CWO mouse ortholog BHLHE41 has a conserved role in repressing ribosome biogenesis genes in primary hepatocytes. Collectively, our data uncover a cross-talk between conserved gene regulatory circuits balancing the activities of anabolic pathways to maintain homeostasis during sugar feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Berg
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Kokki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Onur Deniz
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catrin A Stegmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Robciuc
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Teesalu
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard G Melvin
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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Colombini B, Dinu M, Murgo E, Lotti S, Tarquini R, Sofi F, Mazzoccoli G. Ageing and Low-Level Chronic Inflammation: The Role of the Biological Clock. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2228. [PMID: 36421414 PMCID: PMC9686908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a multifactorial physiological manifestation that occurs inexorably and gradually in all forms of life. This process is linked to the decay of homeostasis due to the progressive decrease in the reparative and regenerative capacity of tissues and organs, with reduced physiological reserve in response to stress. Ageing is closely related to oxidative damage and involves immunosenescence and tissue impairment or metabolic imbalances that trigger inflammation and inflammasome formation. One of the main ageing-related alterations is the dysregulation of the immune response, which results in chronic low-level, systemic inflammation, termed "inflammaging". Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as environmental factors, promote and/or modulate the mechanisms of ageing at the molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. Most of these mechanisms are characterized by time-dependent patterns of variation driven by the biological clock. In this review, we describe the involvement of ageing-related processes with inflammation in relation to the functioning of the biological clock and the mechanisms operating this intricate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Murgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sofia Lotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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5
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Vecchi L, Araújo TG, Azevedo FVPDV, Mota STS, Ávila VDMR, Ribeiro MA, Goulart LR. Phospholipase A 2 Drives Tumorigenesis and Cancer Aggressiveness through Its Interaction with Annexin A1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061472. [PMID: 34208346 PMCID: PMC8231270 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are suggested to drive tumorigenesis through their essential role in inflammation. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a phospholipid metabolizing enzyme that releases free fatty acids, mostly arachidonic acid, and lysophospholipids, which contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasiveness. The mechanisms mediated by PLA2 are not fully understood, especially because an important inhibitory molecule, Annexin A1, is present in the TME but does not exert its action. Here, we will discuss how Annexin A1 in cancer does not inhibit PLA2 leading to both pro-inflammatory and pro-tumoral signaling pathways. Moreover, Annexin A1 promotes the release of cancer-derived exosomes, which also lead to the enrichment of PLA2 and COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, contributing to TME formation. In this review, we aim to describe the role of PLA2 in the establishment of TME, focusing on cancer-derived exosomes, and modulatory activities of Annexin A1. Unraveling how these proteins interact in the cancer context can reveal new strategies for the treatment of different tumors. We will also describe the possible strategies to inhibit PLA2 and the approaches that could be used in order to resume the anti-PLA2 function of Annexin A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil;
| | | | - Sara Teixeria Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-3432258440
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6
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Oka S, Li X, Sato F, Zhang F, Tewari N, Kim IS, Zhong L, Hamada N, Makishima M, Liu Y, Bhawal UK. A deficiency of Dec2 triggers periodontal inflammation and pyroptosis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:492-500. [PMID: 33641180 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontal pathogens initiate various diseases and induce inflammatory host responses. The activation of inflammasomes triggers caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β-mediated pyroptosis via gasdermin D (GSDMD). Differentiated embryo chondrocyte 2 (Dec2) is a transcription repressor that controls the expression of genes involved in innate immune and inflammatory responses. However, the effects of Dec2 on inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in periodontal tissues remain elusive. This study aimed to characterize the activation of Dec2 inflammasomes that contribute to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis and its functional and regulatory importance in periodontal inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) were stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS in vitro. An experimental periodontitis mouse model (wild-type (WT) and Dec2KO) was established to profile periodontal pyroptosis. RESULTS The results demonstrate that P. gingivalis LPS activates caspase-1, caspase-11, and NF-κB in HGFs and in HPDLFs. siRNA knockdown of Dec2 stimulated the induction and further upregulated LPS-induced pyroptosis in HGFs and HPDLFs, resulting in the release of IL-1β. Further, a deficiency of Dec2 alleviated periodontal pyroptosis via the transcriptional induction of GSDMD. In addition, P. gingivalis-induced IL-1β expression and Dec2-deficient mice subsequently increased the inflammatory effect of P. gingivalis in HGFs and in HPDLFs, confirming the importance of Dec2 in the activation of inflammasomes and the regulation of pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Dec2 alleviates periodontal pyroptosis by regulating the expression of NF-κB, caspase-1 and GSDMD, suggesting that Dec2 is a crucial component of inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Oka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fengzhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Il-Shin Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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7
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He D, Li X, Zhang F, Wang C, Liu Y, Bhawal UK, Sun J. Dec2 inhibits macrophage pyroptosis to promote periodontal homeostasis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2021; 52:28-38. [PMID: 35187871 PMCID: PMC8860764 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2101380069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Macrophages play crucial roles as early responders to bacterial pathogens and promote/ or impede chronic inflammation in various tissues. Periodontal macrophage-induced pyroptosis results in physiological and pathological inflammatory responses. The transcription factor Dec2 is involved in regulating immune function and inflammatory processes. To characterize the potential unknown role of Dec2 in the innate immune system, we sought to elucidate the mechanism that may alleviate macrophage pyroptosis in periodontal inflammation. Methods Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce pyroptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Subsequently, we established an LPS-stimulated Dec2 overexpression cellular model in macrophages. Human chronic periodontitis tissues were employed to evaluate potential changes in inflammatory marker expression and pyroptosis. Finally, the effects of Dec2 deficiency on inflammation and pyroptosis were characterized in a P. gingivalis-treated experimental periodontitis Dec2-knockout mouse model. Results Macrophages treated with LPS revealed significantly increased messenger RNA expression levels of Dec2 and interleukin (IL)-1β. Dec2 overexpression reduced IL-1β expression in macrophages treated with LPS. Overexpression of Dec2 also repressed the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the expression of caspase-11 was concurrently reduced in macrophages treated with LPS. Human chronic periodontitis tissues showed significantly higher gingival inflammation and pyroptosis-related protein expression than non-periodontitis tissues. In vivo, P. gingivalis-challenged mice exhibited a significant augmentation of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β. Dec2 deficiency markedly induced GSDMD expression in the periodontal ligament of P. gingivalis-challenged mice. Conclusions Our findings indicate that Dec2 deficiency exacerbated P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontal inflammation and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Collectively, our results present novel insights into the molecular functions of macrophage pyroptosis and document an unforeseen role of Dec2 in pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei He
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhu Zhang
- Shenyang Medical College School of Stomatology, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Oral Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Jiang Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosa Disease, Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian, China
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8
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Oka S, Li X, Sato F, Zhang F, Tewari N, Chen C, Zhong L, Makishima M, Liu Y, Bhawal UK. Dec2 attenuates autophagy in inflamed periodontal tissues. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:265-273. [PMID: 33270996 PMCID: PMC7860609 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Transcriptional regulation of autophagy depends on the transcription factors coordinated inflammatory feedback mechanism. Here, we provide a comprehensive functional characterization of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aiming to reveal previously unappreciated biological changes and to investigate how a transcription factor differentiated embryonic chondrocytes 2 (Dec2)‐deficient environment influences the function of autophagy in nflamed human PDLFs. Methods A Dec2‐deficient (Dec2KO) experimental periodontal inflammation mouse model and treatment with P. gingivalis LPS were employed to examine the role of autophagy in PDLFs using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry in vivo. A Dec2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to modulate autophagy, and the effect of autophagy on the Dec2 pathway was explored using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in vitro. Results LPS‐treated human PDLFs (HPDLFs) induced autophagy, as demonstrated by the enhanced levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐II (LC3‐II) and the induction of ATG5, Beclin1, and Dec2. Compared with a scrambled siRNA, a Dec2 siRNA triggered the detrimental influences of LPS and markedly enhanced autophagy expression in inflamed HPDLFs. The expression of phosphorylated ERK was increased and levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were decreased after exposure to LPS in Dec2 siRNA transfected HPDLFs. The Dec2KO model exhibited that P. gingivalis in Dec2 deficient conditions increases the inflammation of PDLFs by regulating autophagy. Conclusions These results demonstrate that a Dec2 deficiency can alleviate LPS‐induced inflammation via the ERK/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating autophagy, conceivably delivering a novel approach for the detection of periodontal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Oka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Pathology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fengzhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chongchong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Dental Sociology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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9
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Cook ME, Jarjour NN, Lin CC, Edelson BT. Transcription Factor Bhlhe40 in Immunity and Autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1023-1036. [PMID: 33039338 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF) Bhlhe40 is emerging as a key regulator of immunity during infection, autoimmunity, and inflammatory conditions. We describe the roles of Bhlhe40 in the circulating and tissue-resident arms of the immune system, with emphasis on recent work on the regulation of cytokine production and proliferation. We explore the mechanisms behind these functions in mouse models and human cells, including interactions with other TFs, and propose that Bhlhe40 is a central mediator of both inflammation and pathogen control, as well as a crucial regulator of a growing number of tissue-resident leukocyte populations. Finally, we suggest areas for further study that may advance our understanding of immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Wang C, Zhao N, Zheng Q, Zhang D, Liu Y. BHLHE41 promotes U87 and U251 cell proliferation via ERK/cyclinD1 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7657-7672. [PMID: 31616182 PMCID: PMC6698591 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The biological functions of BHLHE41 in the proliferation of glioblastoma remained unexplored. We aimed to investigate the biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of BHLHE41 in glioblastoma. Materials and methods We used multiple methods, including Western blot analysis, soft agar colony-formation assay, CCK8 assay, and flow cytometry, to evaluate the changes in multiple cellular functions after BHLHE41 knockdown or overexpression in U87 and U251 cell lines. The TCGA database was then used to analyze the associations between BHLHE41 expression with clinicopathological factors and the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients. Results This study determined that overexpression of BHLHE41 promoted glioma cell proliferation and colony formation. Besides, BHLHE41 upregulated cyclinD1, cyclinD3, and cyclinE1 expression and drove phase transition from G1 to S and G2 phases by upregulating these cyclins. In contrast, knockdown of BHLHE41 had an opposite effect on all of these parameters. However, BHLHE41 had no effect on apoptosis. Moreover, BHLHE41 activated MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to upregulate cyclinD1 expression. After the ERK signal pathway was blocked by a specific inhibitor, SCH772984, cyclinD1 upregulation was reversed. Furthermore, the median OS of low-grade glioma (LGG) patients with low to median level of BHLHE41 was 22.6 months, longer than that of the patients with high level of BHLHE41 (21.0 months). Conclusion BHLHE41 has an important role in the proliferation of glioblastoma and could serve as a novel candidate for targeted therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang F, Suzuki M, Kim IS, Kobayashi R, Hamada N, Sato F, Bhawal UK. Transcription factor DEC1 is required for maximal experimentally induced periodontal inflammation. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:883-893. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | - M. Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | - I. S. Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Honam University; Gwangju Korea
| | - R. Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | - N. Hamada
- Division of Microbiology; Department of Oral Science; Graduate School of Dentistry; Kanagawa Dental University; Yokosuka Japan
| | - F. Sato
- Department of Pathology; Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine; Wakayama Japan
| | - U. K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Health; Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
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12
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Case Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1069:135-209. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89354-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Regulation of B-1a cells: another novel function of the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator BHLHE41. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:802-804. [PMID: 29026219 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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14
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Su P, Chen S, Zheng YH, Zhou HY, Yan CH, Yu F, Zhang YG, He L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wu L, Wu X, Yu B, Ma LY, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhao G, Zhu J, Wu ZY, Sun B. Novel Function of Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 in Suppressing Th17 Cell Development in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1054-64. [PMID: 27316685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by demyelination and axonal damage. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model for human MS. Although Th17 cells are important for disease induction, Th2 cells are inhibitory in this process. In this article, we report the effect of a Th2 cell product, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), on the differentiation of Th17 cells and the development of EAE. Our results demonstrated that ECM1 administration from day 1 to day 7 following the EAE induction could ameliorate the Th17 cell responses and EAE development in vivo. Further study of the mechanism revealed that ECM1 could interact with αv integrin on dendritic cells and block the αv integrin-mediated activation of latent TGF-β, resulting in an inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation at an early stage of EAE induction. Furthermore, overexpression of ECM1 in vivo significantly inhibited the Th17 cell response and EAE induction in ECM1 transgenic mice. Overall, our work has identified a novel function of ECM1 in inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation in the EAE model, suggesting that ECM1 may have the potential to be used in clinical applications for understanding the pathogenesis of MS and its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Yu Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hai Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Hua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ya Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Bingke Yu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Li Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiru Yang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Guixian Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
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Regulation of IL-4 Expression in Immunity and Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:31-77. [PMID: 27734408 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 was first identified as a T cell-derived growth factor for B cells. Studies over the past several decades have markedly expanded our understanding of its cellular sources and function. In addition to T cells, IL-4 is produced by innate lymphocytes, such as NTK cells, and myeloid cells, such as basophils and mast cells. It is a signature cytokine of type 2 immune response but also has a nonimmune function. Its expression is tightly regulated at several levels, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA. This chapter will review in detail the molecular mechanism regulating the cell type-specific expression of IL-4 in physiological and pathological type 2 immune responses.
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16
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Bhlhe40 controls cytokine production by T cells and is essential for pathogenicity in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3551. [PMID: 24699451 PMCID: PMC4016562 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TH1 and TH17 cells mediate neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Pathogenic TH cells in EAE must produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). TH cell pathogenicity in EAE is also regulated by cell-intrinsic production of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Here, we demonstrate that mice deficient for the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Bhlhe40 (Bhlhe40−/−) are resistant to the induction of EAE. Bhlhe40 is required in vivo in a T cell-intrinsic manner, where it positively regulates the production of GM-CSF and negatively regulates the production of IL-10. In vitro, GM-CSF secretion is selectively abrogated in polarized Bhlhe40−/− TH1 and TH17 cells, and these cells show increased production of IL-10. Blockade of IL-10 receptor in Bhlhe40−/− mice renders them susceptible to EAE. These findings identify Bhlhe40 as a critical regulator of autoreactive T cell pathogenicity.
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17
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Kato Y, Kawamoto T, Fujimoto K, Noshiro M. DEC1/STRA13/SHARP2 and DEC2/SHARP1 coordinate physiological processes, including circadian rhythms in response to environmental stimuli. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:339-72. [PMID: 25248482 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are regulated by endogenous circadian molecular clocks. Clock proteins DEC1 (BHLHe40) and DEC2 (BHLHe41) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix protein superfamily, which contains other clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1. DEC1 and DEC2 are induced by CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer via the CACGTG E-box in the promoter and, thereafter, suppress their own expression by competing with CLOCK:BMAL1 for the DNA binding. This negative feedback DEC loop together with the PER loop involving PER and CRY, the other negative clock regulators, maintains the circadian rhythm of Dec1 and Dec2 expression. DEC1 is induced by light pulse and adjusts the circadian phase of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whereas DEC1 upregulation by TGF-β resets the circadian phase of the peripheral clocks in tissues. Furthermore, DEC1 and DEC2 modulate the clock output signals to control circadian rhythms in behavior and metabolism. In addition to the functions in the clocks, DEC1 and DEC2 are involved in hypoxia responses, immunological reactions, and carcinogenesis. These DEC actions are mediated by the direct binding to the E-box elements in target genes or by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors such as HIF-1α, RXRα, MyoD, and STAT. Notably, numerous growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, along with ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents, induce Dec1 and/or Dec2 in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that DEC1 and DEC2 play a critical role in animal adaptation to various environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fujimoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry, Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Ow JR, Tan YH, Jin Y, Bahirvani AG, Taneja R. Stra13 and Sharp-1, the Non-Grouchy Regulators of Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:317-38. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gu W, Sun B. TH1/TH2 cell differentiation and molecular signals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:15-44. [PMID: 25261203 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distinctive differentiated states of the CD4+ T helper cells are determined by the set of transcription factors and the genes transcribed by the transcription factors. In vitro induction models, the major determinants of the cytokines present during the T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation process. IL-12 and IFN-γ make Naive CD4+ T cells highly express T-bet and STAT4 and differentiate to TH1 cells, while IL-4 make Naive CD4+ T cells highly express STAT6 and GATA3 and differentiated to TH2 cells. Even through T-bet and GATA3 are master regulators for TH1/TH2 cells differentiation. There are many other transcription factors, such as RUNX family proteins, IRF4, Dec2, Gfi1, Hlx, and JunB that can impair TH1/TH2 cells differentiation. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (microRNA and long noncoding RNA) join in the crowd. The leukocytes should migrate to the right place to show their impact. There are some successful strategies, which are revealed to targeting chemokines and their receptors, that have been developed to treat human immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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20
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Sun B, Zhang Y. Overview of orchestration of CD4+ T cell subsets in immune responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:1-13. [PMID: 25261202 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays an important role in the host defense of pathogens, among which CD4+ T helper cell takes a major part. The regulation of Th cell differentiation, the function they exerts in immune response, autoimmune diseases, and allergic conditions, has long attracted much attention. Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct subsets after receiving TCR and costimulation signaling for activation and cytokine signaling to direct their differentiation. In this chapter, we will have a broad overview of all Th cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tfh, as well as Th9 and Th22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China,
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21
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Myor/ABF-1 mRNA [corrected] Expression Marks Follicular Helper T Cells but Is Dispensable for Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function In Vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84415. [PMID: 24386375 PMCID: PMC3873420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular T helper cells (Tfh) are crucial for effective antibody responses and long term T cell-dependent humoral immunity. Although many studies are devoted to this novel T helper cell population, the molecular mechanisms governing Tfh cell differentiation have yet to be characterized. MyoR/ABF-1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in the differentiation of the skeletal muscle and Hodgkin lymphoma. Here we show that MyoR mRNA is progressively induced during the course of Tfh-like cell differentiation in vitro and is expressed in Tfh responding to Alum-precipitated antigens in vivo. This expression pattern suggests that MyoR could play a role in the differentiation and/or function of Tfh cells. We tested this hypothesis using MyoR-deficient mice and found this deficiency had no impact on Tfh differentiation. Hence, MyoR-deficient mice developed optimal T-dependent humoral responses to Alum-precipitated antigens. In conclusion, MyoR is a transcription factor selectively up-regulated in CD4 T cells during Tfh cell differentiation in vitro and upon response to alum-protein vaccines in vivo, but the functional significance of this up-regulation remains uncertain.
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22
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Kurien PA, Chong SYC, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Sick and tired: how molecular regulators of human sleep schedules and duration impact immune function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:873-9. [PMID: 23702243 PMCID: PMC3766463 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Why do we need to sleep? What regulates when we sleep? And what dictates the number of hours we require? These are often viewed as three separate biological questions. Here, we propose they share molecular etiologies, whereby regulators of sleep schedules and sleep duration also govern the physiological purposes of sleep. To support our hypothesis, we review Mendelian human genetic variants sufficient to advance sleep-wake onset (PER2) and shorten sleep length (DEC2), and evaluate their emerging roles in immune responses that may rely on a sound night of slumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kurien
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
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23
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Martínez-Llordella M, Esensten JH, Bailey-Bucktrout SL, Lipsky RH, Marini A, Chen J, Mughal M, Mattson MP, Taub DD, Bluestone JA. CD28-inducible transcription factor DEC1 is required for efficient autoreactive CD4+ T cell response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1603-19. [PMID: 23878307 PMCID: PMC3727315 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor DEC1 is induced by CD28 ligation and is required for optimal CD4+ T cell responses and the development of EAE. During the initial hours after activation, CD4+ T cells experience profound changes in gene expression. Co-stimulation via the CD28 receptor is required for efficient activation of naive T cells. However, the transcriptional consequences of CD28 co-stimulation are not completely understood. We performed expression microarray analysis to elucidate the effects of CD28 signals on the transcriptome of activated T cells. We show that the transcription factor DEC1 is highly induced in a CD28-dependent manner upon T cell activation, is involved in essential CD4+ effector T cell functions, and participates in the transcriptional regulation of several T cell activation pathways, including a large group of CD28-regulated genes. Antigen-specific, DEC1-deficient CD4+ T cells have cell-intrinsic defects in survival and proliferation. Furthermore, we found that DEC1 is required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis because of its critical role in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Thus, we identify DEC1 as a critical transcriptional mediator in the activation of naive CD4+ T cells that is required for the development of a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease.
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Vinciguerra M, Tevy MF, Mazzoccoli G. A ticking clock links metabolic pathways and organ systems function in health and disease. Clin Exp Med 2013; 14:133-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mao K, Chen S, Chen M, Ma Y, Wang Y, Huang B, He Z, Zeng Y, Hu Y, Sun S, Li J, Wu X, Wang X, Strober W, Chen C, Meng G, Sun B. Nitric oxide suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protects against LPS-induced septic shock. Cell Res 2013; 23:201-12. [PMID: 23318584 PMCID: PMC3567828 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that trigger the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), yet the regulation of these complexes remains poorly characterized. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO) inhibited the NLRP3-mediated ASC pyroptosome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in myeloid cells from both mice and humans. Meanwhile, endogenous NO derived from iNOS (inducible form of NO synthase) also negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Depletion of iNOS resulted in increased accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in response to LPS and ATP, which was responsible for the increased IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation. iNOS deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of NO production enhanced NLRP3-dependent cytokine production in vivo, thus increasing mortality from LPS-induced sepsis in mice, which was prevented by NLRP3 deficiency. Our results thus identify NO as a critical negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the stabilization of mitochondria. This study has important implications for the design of new strategies to control NLRP3-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Current understanding of Th2 cell differentiation and function. Protein Cell 2011; 2:604-11. [PMID: 21904976 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper T cell (Th) has been identified as a critical immune cell for regulating immune response since 1980s. The type 2 helper Tcell (Th2), characterized by the production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, plays a critical role in immune response against helminths invading cutaneous or mucosal sites. It also has a functional role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic diarrhea. Currently, most studies have shed light on Th2 cell function and behavior in specific diseases, such as asthma and helminthes inflammation, but not on Th2 cell itself and its differentiation. Based on different cytokines and specific behavior in recent research, Th2 cell is also regarded as new subtypes of T cell, such as IL-9 secreting T cell (Th9) and CXCR5(+) T follicular helper cells. Here, we will discuss the latest view of Th2 cell towards their function and the involvement of Th2 cell in diseases.
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27
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Bosnjak B, Stelzmueller B, Erb KJ, Epstein MM. Treatment of allergic asthma: modulation of Th2 cells and their responses. Respir Res 2011; 12:114. [PMID: 21867534 PMCID: PMC3179723 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterised by recurrent episodes of wheezy, laboured breathing with an underlying Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory response in the airways. It is currently treated and, more or less, controlled depending on severity, with bronchodilators e.g. long-acting beta agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists or anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids (inhaled or oral), leukotriene modifiers, theophyline and anti-IgE therapy. Unfortunately, none of these treatments are curative and some asthmatic patients do not respond to intense anti-inflammatory therapies. Additionally, the use of long-term oral steroids has many undesired side effects. For this reason, novel and more effective drugs are needed. In this review, we focus on the CD4+ Th2 cells and their products as targets for the development of new drugs to add to the current armamentarium as adjuncts or as potential stand-alone treatments for allergic asthma. We argue that in early disease, the reduction or elimination of allergen-specific Th2 cells will reduce the consequences of repeated allergic inflammatory responses such as lung remodelling without causing generalised immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bosnjak
- Department of Dermatology, DIAID, Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kashiwada M, Cassel SL, Colgan JD, Rothman PB. NFIL3/E4BP4 controls type 2 T helper cell cytokine expression. EMBO J 2011; 30:2071-82. [PMID: 21499227 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 T helper (T(H)2) cells are critical for the development of allergic immune responses; however, the molecular mechanism controlling their effector function is still largely unclear. Here, we report that the transcription factor NFIL3/E4BP4 regulates cytokine production and effector function by T(H)2 cells. NFIL3 is highly expressed in T(H)2 cells but much less in T(H)1 cells. Production of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-5 is significantly increased in Nfil3(-/-) T(H)2 cells and is decreased by expression of NFIL3 in wild-type T(H)2 cells. NFIL3 directly binds to and negatively regulates the Il13 gene. In contrast, IL-4 production is decreased in Nfil3(-/-) T(H)2 cells. Increased IL-13 and IL-5 together with decreased IL-4 production by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized Nfil3(-/-) mice was also observed. The ability of NFIL3 to alter T(H)2 cytokine production is a T-cell intrinsic effect. Taken together, these data indicate that NFIL3 is a key regulator of T(H)2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kashiwada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wu X, Zheng Y, Tao Z, Mao K, Wang J, Lin G, Tian L, Ji Y, Qin M, Sun S, Zhu X, Sun B. ECM1 controls T(H)2 cell egress from lymph nodes through re-expression of S1P(1). Nat Immunol 2011; 12:178-85. [PMID: 21217760 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 helper T cells (T(H)2) are critically involved in allergies and asthma. Here we demonstrate that extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) is highly and selectively expressed in T(H)2 cells. ECM1 deficiency caused impaired T(H)2 responses and reduced allergic airway inflammation in vivo. Functional analysis demonstrated that although the T(H)2 polarization of ECM1-deficient cells was unimpaired, these cells had a defect in migration and were retained in peripheral lymphoid organs. This was associated with reduced expression of KLF2 and S1P(1). We also found that ECM1 could directly bind the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor to inhibit IL-2 signaling and activate S1P(1) expression. Our data identify a previously unknown function of ECM1 in regulating T(H)2 cell migration through control of KLF2 and S1P(1) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hu Y, Mao K, Zeng Y, Chen S, Tao Z, Yang C, Sun S, Wu X, Meng G, Sun B. Tripartite-motif protein 30 negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating reactive oxygen species production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:7699-705. [PMID: 21048113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is critical for caspase-1 activation and the proteolytic processing of pro-IL-1β. However, the mechanism that regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that tripartite-motif protein 30 (TRIM30) negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. After stimulation with ATP, an agonist of the NLRP3 inflammasome, knockdown of TRIM30 enhanced caspase-1 activation and increased production of IL-1β in both J774 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similarly with ATP, knockdown of TRIM30 increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production triggered by other NLRP3 inflammasome agonists, including nigericin, monosodium urate, and silica. Production of reactive oxygen species was increased in TRIM30 knockdown cells, and its increase was required for enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, because antioxidant treatment blocked excess IL-1β production. Conversely, overexpression of TRIM30 attenuated reactive oxygen species production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, in a crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent peritonitis model, monosodium urate-induced neutrophil flux and IL-1β production was reduced significantly in TRIM30 transgenic mice as compared with that in their nontransgenic littermates. Taken together, our results indicate that TRIM30 is a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and provide insights into the role of TRIM30 in maintaining inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
CD4 T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens. They are also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses as well as in tumor immunity. During TCR activation in a particular cytokine milieu, naive CD4 T cells may differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and iTreg, as defined by their pattern of cytokine production and function. In this review, we summarize the discovery, functions, and relationships among Th cells; the cytokine and signaling requirements for their development; the networks of transcription factors involved in their differentiation; the epigenetic regulation of their key cytokines and transcription factors; and human diseases involving defective CD4 T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1892
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1892
| | - William E. Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1892
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