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Kim SW, Kim CW, Moon YA, Kim HS. Reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by metabolites generated from tumor microenvironment. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:123-136. [PMID: 38577621 PMCID: PMC10993762 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2336249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprises both tumor and non-tumor stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells, and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. TAMs, major components of non-tumor stromal cells, play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive environment by releasing cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and immune checkpoint proteins that inhibit T cell activity. During tumors develop, cancer cells release various mediators, including chemokines and metabolites, that recruit monocytes to infiltrate tumor tissues and subsequently induce an M2-like phenotype and tumor-promoting properties. Metabolites are often overlooked as metabolic waste or detoxification products but may contribute to TAM polarization. Furthermore, macrophages display a high degree of plasticity among immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enabling them to either inhibit or facilitate cancer progression. Therefore, TAM-targeting has emerged as a promising strategy in tumor immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of multiple representative metabolites involved in TAM phenotypes, focusing on their role in pro-tumoral polarization of M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Cancer Immunotherapy Evaluation Team, Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBIO Health), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Amin A, Khazir ZU, Ji A, Bhat BA, Murtaza D, Hurrah AA, Bhat IA, Parveen S, Nisar S, Sharma PK. Anti-lung Cancer Activity of Synthesized Substituted 1,4-Benzothiazines: An Insight from Molecular Docking and Experimental Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:358-371. [PMID: 37957911 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206276737231103114924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazine, a 6-membered distinctive heterocyclic motif with sulfur and nitrogen atoms, is one of the heterocyclic compounds that functions as a core scaffold in a number of medicinally significant molecules. Small thiazine-based compounds may operate simultaneously on numerous therapeutic targets and by employing a variety of methods to halt the development, proliferation, and vasculature of cancer cells. We have, herein, reported a series of substituted 1,4 benzothiazines as potential anticancer agents for the treatment of lung cancer. METHODS In order to synthesize 2,3-disubstituted-1,4 benzothiazines in good yield, a facile green approach for the oxidative cycloaddition of 2-amino benzenethiol and 1,3-dicarbonyls employing a catalytic amount of ceric ammonium nitrate has been devised. All the molecules have been characterized by spectral analysis and tested for anticancer activity against the A-549 lung cancer cell line using various functional assays. Further in silico screening of compound 3c against six crucial inflammatory molecular targets, such as Il1-α (PDB ID: 5UC6), Il1- β (PDB ID: 6Y8I), Il6 (PDB ID: 1P9M), vimentin (PDB ID: 3TRT), COX-2 (PDB ID: 5KIR), Il8 (PDB ID: 5D14), and TNF-α (PDB ID: 2AZ5), was done using AutoDock tool. RESULTS Among the synthesized compounds, propyl 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-2- carboxylate (3c) was found to be most active based on cell viability assays using A-549 lung cancer cell line and was found to effectively downregulate various pro-inflammatory genes, like Il1-α, Il1-β, Il6, vimentin, COX-2, Il8, and TNF-α in vitro. The ability of the molecule to effectively suppress the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells in vitro has been further demonstrated by the colony formation unit assay and wound healing assay. Molecular docking analysis showed the maximal binding affinity (- 7.54 kcal/mol) to be exhibited by compound 3c against IL8. CONCLUSION A green unconventional route for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-1,4 benzothiazines has been developed. All the molecules were screened for their activity against lung cancer and the data suggested that the presence of an additional unbranched alkyl group attached to the thiazine ring increased their activity. Also, in vitro and in silico modeling confirmed the anti-cancer efficiency of compound 3c, encouraging the exploration of such small molecules against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Amin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Transcriptomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Zubaid-Ul- Khazir
- Transcriptomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Arfa Ji
- Transcriptomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
- Laboratory of Nanotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Dar Murtaza
- Transcriptomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Aaqib A Hurrah
- Transcriptomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Imtiyaz A Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K, 190011, India
| | - Shaheena Parveen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K, 190011, India
| | - Syed Nisar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, J&K, 190011, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Potential of siRNA-Bearing Subtilosomes in the Treatment of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052191. [PMID: 36903437 PMCID: PMC10004640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics, based on small interfering RNA (siRNA), have demonstrated tremendous potential for treating cancer. However, issues such as non-specific targeting, premature degradation, and the intrinsic toxicity of the siRNA, have to be solved before they are ready for use in translational medicines. To address these challenges, nanotechnology-based tools might help to shield siRNA and ensure its specific delivery to the target site. Besides playing a crucial role in prostaglandin synthesis, the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme has been reported to mediate carcinogenesis in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We encapsulated COX-2-specific siRNA in Bacillus subtilis membrane lipid-based liposomes (subtilosomes) and evaluated their potential in the treatment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings suggested that the subtilosome-based formulation was stable, releasing COX-2 siRNA in a sustained manner, and has the potential to abruptly release encapsulated material at acidic pH. The fusogenic property of subtilosomes was revealed by FRET, fluorescence dequenching, content-mixing assay, etc. The subtilosome-based siRNA formulation was successful in inhibiting TNF-α expression in the experimental animals. The apoptosis study indicated that the subtilosomized siRNA inhibits DEN-induced carcinogenesis more effectively than free siRNA. The as-developed formulation also suppressed COX-2 expression, which in turn up-regulated the expression of wild-type p53 and Bax on one hand and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression on the other. The survival data established the increased efficacy of subtilosome-encapsulated COX-2 siRNA against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Guo SW. Cracking the enigma of adenomyosis: an update on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Reproduction 2022; 164:R101-R121. [PMID: 36099328 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Traditionally viewed as enigmatic and elusive, adenomyosis is a fairly common gynecological disease but is under-recognized and under-researched. This review summarizes the latest development on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, which have important implications for imaging diagnosis of the disease and for the development of non-hormonal therapeutics. Abstract Traditionally considered as an enigmatic disease, adenomyosis is a uterine disease that affects many women of reproductive age and is a contributing factor for pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and subfertility. In this review, the new development in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis has been summarized, along with their clinical implications. After reviewing the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and describing the prevailing theories, in conjunction with their deficiencies, a new hypothesis, called endometrial-myometrial interface disruption (EMID), which is backed by extensive epidemiologic data and demonstrated by a mouse model, is reviewed, along with recent data implicating the role of Schwann cells in the EMI area in the genesis of adenomyosis. Additionally, the natural history of adenomyotic lesions is elaborated and underscores that, in essence, adenomyotic lesions are fundamentally wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), which progress to fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and smooth muscle metaplasia. Increasing lesional fibrosis propagates into the neighboring EMI and endometrium. The increased endometrial fibrosis, with ensuing greater tissue stiffness, results in attenuated prostaglandin E2, hypoxia signaling and glycolysis, impairing endometrial repair and causing HMB. Compared with adenomyosis-associated HMB, the mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-associated pain are less understood but presumably involve increased uterine contractility, hyperinnervation, increased lesional production of pain mediators, and central sensitization. Viewed through the prism of ReTIAR, a new imaging technique can be used to diagnose adenomyosis more accurately and informatively and possibly help to choose the best treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Olaechea S, Gilmore A, Alvarez C, Gannavarapu BS, Infante R, Iyengar P. Associations of Prior Chronic Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Glucocorticoids With Cachexia Incidence and Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922418. [PMID: 35747801 PMCID: PMC9210667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cachexia is an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome of unintentional weight loss through depletion of muscle and adipose tissue. There is limited knowledge of how chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids affect cachexia development. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between prior long-term use of NSAIDs or glucocorticoids with cachexia incidence and post-diagnosis weight loss progression in a retrospective cancer patient cohort. Methods Of 3,802 lung or gastrointestinal cancer patient records, 3,180 comprised our final cohort. Patient demographic information, tumor qualities, medication histories, and comorbidities were assessed. Cachexia was defined as having developed prior to oncologic treatment. Statistical evaluations included categorical, multivariate logistic regression, and log-rank survival analyses. Development of substantial post-diagnosis weight loss was calculated and interpreted for patients without cachexia at diagnosis. Results Chronic prior use of any NSAID or glucocorticoid medication was associated with approximate absolute and relative reductions in cachexia incidence at diagnosis of 10 and 25 percent (P<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, NSAID medications demonstrated a 23 percent reduction in cachexia incidence likelihood (OR=0.770; 95% CI=0.594, 0.998; P=0.0481). Patients without cachexia at diagnosis were significantly more likely to develop substantial post-diagnosis weight loss from pre-diagnosis use groups of glucocorticoids (OR= 1.452; 95% CI=1.065, 1.979; P=0.0183) or NSAIDs (OR=1.411; 95% CI=1.082, 1.840; P=0.011). Conclusions Our findings suggest a protective effect of prior anti-inflammatory medications, primarily NSAIDs, against manifestations of the cachexia phenotype at cancer diagnosis. These observations support further exploration of potential therapeutic benefits from anti-inflammatory medications early in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Olaechea
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christian Alvarez
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bhavani S. Gannavarapu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rodney Infante
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodney Infante, ; Puneeth Iyengar,
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodney Infante, ; Puneeth Iyengar,
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Rivastigmine Reverses the Decrease in Synapsin and Memory Caused by Homocysteine: Is There Relation to Inflammation? Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4517-4534. [PMID: 35578101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood, called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for it has been shown that Hcy induces oxidative stress and increases microglial activation and neuroinflammation, as well as causes cognitive impairment, which have been linked to the neurodegenerative process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mild hyperhomocysteinemia with or without ibuprofen and rivastigmine treatments on the behavior and neurochemical parameters in male rats. The chronic mild HHcy model was chemically induced in Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of Hcy (4055 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 30 days. Ibuprofen (40 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once daily. Motor damage (open field, balance beam, rotarod, and vertical pole test), cognitive deficits (Y-maze), neurochemical parameters (oxidative status/antioxidant enzymatic defenses, presynaptic protein synapsin 1, inflammatory profile parameters, calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), iNOS gene expression), and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway were investigated. Results showed that mild HHcy caused cognitive deficits in working memory, and impaired motor coordination reduced the amount of synapsin 1 protein, altered the neuroinflammatory picture, and caused changes in the activity of catalase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. Both rivastigmine and ibuprofen treatments were able to mitigate this damage caused by mild HHcy. Together, these neurochemical changes may be associated with the mechanisms by which Hcy has been linked to a risk factor for AD. Treatments with rivastigmine and ibuprofen can effectively reduce the damage caused by increased Hcy levels.
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The Evolution of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071640. [PMID: 35406412 PMCID: PMC8997155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a high risk of metastatic progression. Chemotherapy plays a key role in the management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, with, however, no possibility of cure. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the outcomes of patients, delaying progression of disease and improving quality of life. However, many questions remain concerning the optimal use of immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma: When to start? Which biomarker of sensitivity/resistance to use? Which of the available options will increase the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors? We review the mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as the current management of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive cancer and development of metastases remains a challenge for clinicians. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are significantly improving the outcomes of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). These agents were first used in monotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy, but different strategies explored the optimal use of ICIs in a first-line metastatic setting. The “maintenance” strategy consists of the introduction of ICIs in patients who experienced benefit from first-line chemotherapy in a metastatic setting. This allows an earlier use of ICIs, without waiting for disease progression. We review the optimal management of mUC in the era of ICIs, based on the key clinical messages arising from the pivotal trials.
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PTGES3 is a Putative Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2022; 271:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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He L, Chang H, Qi Y, Zhang B, Shao Q. ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211062313. [PMID: 34908512 PMCID: PMC8689620 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211062313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of rectal cancers during initial diagnosis are identified as locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs), for which the standardized treatment scenario is total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). nCRT can lead to discernible reductions in local relapse rate and distant metastasis rate in LARC patients, in whom previously inoperable tumors may potentially be surgically removed. However, only 4% to 20% cases can attain pathological complete response, and the remaining patients who are unresponsive to nCRT have to suffer from the side effects plus toxicities and may encounter poor survival outcomes due to the late surgical intervention. As such, employing potential biomarkers to differentiate responders from nonresponders before nCRT implementation appears to be the overarching goal. Well-defined competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. As ceRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs sponge miRNAs to indirectly suppress miRNAs downstream of oncogenic mRNAs or tumor-suppressive mRNAs. The abnormal expression of mRNAs regulates the nCRT-induced DNA damage repair process through pluralistic carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby bringing about alterations in the nCRT resistance/sensitivity of tumors. Moreover, many molecular mechanisms relevant to cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis of cancers (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway) are influenced by ceRNA networks. Herein, we reviewed a large group of abnormally expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that are associated with nCRT resistance/sensitivity in LARC patients and ultimately pinpointed the backbone role of ceRNA networks in the molecular mechanisms of nCRT resistance/sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiuju Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, 56697Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Mesenchymal-Stromal Cell-like Melanoma-Associated Fibroblasts Increase IL-10 Production by Macrophages in a Cyclooxygenase/Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246173. [PMID: 34944793 PMCID: PMC8699649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and the number of newly diagnosed cases is on the rise. In recent years, it has become evident that melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs), which surround the melanoma cells, play a key role in tumor growth and its ability to evade immune attack. We found that MAFs resemble bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and on the basis of this, we looked for effects that they might have on macrophages. Like MSCs, MAFs cause macrophages to produce IL-10, an anti-inflammatory agent. IL-10 contributes to cancer growth by suppressing natural anti-cancer immunity and can also interfere with anti-melanoma immunotherapies. Our findings may open new avenues for the development of anti-melanoma treatments based on MAF-macrophage interactions. Abstract Melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) are integral parts of melanoma, providing a protective network for melanoma cells. The phenotypical and functional similarities between MAFs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prompted us to investigate if, similarly to MSCs, MAFs are capable of modulating macrophage functions. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that MAFs and macrophages are in intimate contact within the tumor stroma. We then demonstrated that MAFs indeed are potent inducers of IL-10 production in various macrophage types in vitro, and this process is greatly augmented by the presence of treatment-naïve and chemotherapy-treated melanoma cells. MAFs derived from thick melanomas appear to be more immunosuppressive than those cultured from thin melanomas. The IL-10 increasing effect is mediated, at least in part, by cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Our data indicate that MAF-induced IL-10 production in macrophages may contribute to melanoma aggressiveness, and targeting the cyclooxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways may abolish MAF–macrophage interactions.
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Vu BT, Le HT, Nguyen KN, Van Pham P. Hypoxia, Serum Starvation, and TNF-α Can Modify the Immunomodulation Potency of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021:3-18. [PMID: 34739720 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are found in adipose tissues, which are easily obtained from liposuction procedures using an enzyme mixture. The adhering cells are then selectively cultivated. ADSCs have great potential in regenerative medicine because they are plentiful, easily accessible, and less invasive. They also have an impressive proliferation ability and can be differentiated into mesenchymal lineages and trans-differentiating into many other cell types. In particular, they have extraordinary abilities in immunomodulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of culture conditions (hypoxia, starvation, and TNF-α treatment) on the immunomodulation of human ADSCs. METHODS Human ADSCs were expanded in vitro in the standard condition before they were cultured in different stress conditions. ADSCs from passages fifth were confirmed as MSCs by some standard assays suggested by the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy. These MSCs were used to culture in four different stress conditions: hypoxia, serum starvation, and TNF-α treatment in 48 h. After treatments, MSCs were used to evaluate their immunomodulation capacity using MSCs mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, and the concentrations of IDO, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-10 were secreted in the culture medium. RESULTS In different stress conditions, ADSCs exhibited different responses related to their immunomodulation. In serum starvation, ADSCs exerted a strong secretion of IDO and PGE2, whereas they showed strong IL-6 secretion in the TNF-α-supplemented medium. When exposed to lymphocytes, ADSCs caused an increase in the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and co-culture lymphocytes with ADSCs induced in hypoxic malnutrition conditions increased the IL-10 level the most. In addition, when exposed to dendritic cells (DCs), ADSCs inhibited the mature marker expressions of the DCs. CONCLUSION The current research showed that ADSCs change their immunomodulation properties to survive in in vitro culture environments. Treatment of ADSCs in the starvation medium for 48 h can increase the immunomodulation of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thanh Vu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Thi Le
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Nha Nguyen
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Galeaz C, Totis C, Bisio A. Radiation Resistance: A Matter of Transcription Factors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662840. [PMID: 34141616 PMCID: PMC8204019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiation therapy is one of the standard therapies for cancer treatment. Since the first applications, the field of radiotherapy has constantly improved, both in imaging technologies and from a dose-painting point of view. Despite this, the mechanisms of resistance are still a great problem to overcome. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of these molecular mechanisms will allow researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer effectively. This review focuses on different transcription factors activated in response to radiotherapy and, unfortunately, involved in cancer cells’ survival. In particular, ionizing radiations trigger the activation of the immune modulators STAT3 and NF-κB, which contribute to the development of radiation resistance through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, the promotion of proliferation, the alteration of the cell cycle, and the induction of genes responsible for the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Moreover, the ROS-dependent damaging effects of radiation therapy are hampered by the induction of antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB, NRF2, and HIF-1. This protective process results in a reduced effectiveness of the treatment, whose mechanism of action relies mainly on the generation of free oxygen radicals. Furthermore, the previously mentioned transcription factors are also involved in the maintenance of stemness in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that are intrinsically resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, combining standard treatments with new therapeutic strategies targeted against these transcription factors may be a promising opportunity to avoid resistance and thus tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galeaz
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Totis
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Mabrouk AA, Tadros MI, El-Refaie WM. Improving the efficacy of Cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors in the management of oral cancer: Insights into the implementation of nanotechnology and mucoadhesion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Ansarey SH. Inflammation and JNK's Role in Niacin-GPR109A Diminished Flushed Effect in Microglial and Neuronal Cells With Relevance to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771144. [PMID: 34916973 PMCID: PMC8668869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness with no single definitive aetiology, making its treatment difficult. Antipsychotics are not fully effective because they treat psychosis rather than the cognitive or negative symptoms. Antipsychotics fail to alleviate symptoms when patients enter the chronic stage of illness. Topical application of niacin showed diminished skin flush in the majority of patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population who showed flushing. The niacin skin flush test is useful for identifying patients with schizophrenia at their ultra-high-risk stage, and understanding this pathology may introduce an effective treatment. This review aims to understand the pathology behind the diminished skin flush response, while linking it back to neurons and microglia. First, it suggests that there are altered proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, inflammatory imbalance, and kinase signalling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are associated with diminished flush. Second, genes from the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway were matched against the 128-loci genome wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia using GeneCards, suggesting that G-coupled receptor-109A (GPR109A) may have a genetic mutation, resulting in diminished flush. This review also suggests that there may be increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, which contributes to the diminished flush pathology. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers may induce microglial-activated neuronal death. Lastly, this review explores the role of JNK on pro-inflammatory mediators, proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, microglial activation, and neuronal death. Inhibiting JNK may reverse the changes observed in the diminished flush response, which might make it a good therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Ansarey
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Arianfar E, Shahgordi S, Memarian A. Natural Killer Cell Defects in Breast Cancer: A Key Pathway for Tumor Evasion. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:197-216. [PMID: 33258393 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the most important innate immune component cancers invader, natural killer (NK) cells have a magnificent role in antitumor immunity without any prior sensitization. Different subsets of NK cells have distinct responses during tumor cell exposure, according to their phenotypes and environments. Their function is induced mainly by the activity of both inhibitory and activating receptors against cancerous cells. Since the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer patients has directly deteriorated the phenotype and disturbed the function of NK cells, recruiting compensatory mechanisms indicate promising outcomes for immunotherapeutic approaches. These evidences accentuate the importance of NK cell distinct features in protection against breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the several mechanisms involved in NK cells suppression which consequently promote tumor progression and disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Arianfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Shahgordi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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16
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Wu X, Zhu D, Tian J, Tang X, Guo H, Ma J, Xu H, Wang S. Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Exosomal Prostaglandin E2 Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Enhancing IL-10 + B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588500. [PMID: 33329572 PMCID: PMC7734343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of recent studies have shown that granulocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) can secrete exosomes that transport various biologically active molecules with regulatory effects on immune cells. However, their roles in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis remain to be further elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of exosomes from G-MDSCs on the humoral immune response in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice showed lower arthritis index values and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with G-MDSCs exosomes promoted splenic B cells to secrete IL-10 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, a decrease in the proportion of plasma cells and follicular helper T cells was observed in drainage lymph nodes from G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice. Moreover, lower serum levels of IgG were detected in G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice, indicating an alteration of the humoral environment. Mechanistic studies showed that exosomal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by G-MDSCs upregulated the phosphorylation levels of GSK-3β and CREB, which play a key role in the production of IL-10+ B cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that G-MDSC exosomal PGE2 attenuates CIA in mice by promoting the generation of IL-10+ Breg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongye Guo
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Husain K, Williamson TT, Nelson N, Ghansah T. Protein kinase 2 (CK2): a potential regulator of immune cell development and function in cancer. Immunol Med 2020; 44:159-174. [PMID: 33164702 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1843267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formally known as casein kinase II, is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase enzyme that regulates diverse signaling pathways responsible for cellular processes (i.e., cell proliferation and apoptosis) via interactions with over 500 known substrates. The enzyme's physiological interactions and cellular functions have been widely studied, most notably in the blood and solid malignancies. CK2 has intrinsic role in carcinogenesis as overexpression of CK2 subunits (α, α`, and β) and deregulation of its activity have been linked to various forms of cancers. CK2 also has extrinsic role in cancer stroma or in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including the immune cells. However, very few research studies have focused on extrinsic role of CK2 in regulating immune responses as a therapeutic alternative for cancer. The following review discusses CK2's regulation of key signaling events [Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), Cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK), Notch, Protein kinase B/AKT, Ikaros and Wnt] that can influence the development and function of immune cells in cancer. Potential clinical trials using potent CK2 inhibitors will facilitate and improve the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Husain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanika T Williamson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Nelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tomar Ghansah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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18
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Verrall GM. Scientific Rationale for a Bottom-Up Approach to Target the Host Response in Order to Try and Reduce the Numbers Presenting With Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated With COVID-19. Is There a Role for Statins and COX-2 Inhibitors in the Prevention and Early Treatment of the Disease? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2167. [PMID: 33013911 PMCID: PMC7493671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to and the subsequent development of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is considered to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis. With a developing world catastrophe, we need to examine our known therapeutic stocks, to assess suitability for prevention and/or treatment of this pro-inflammatory virus. Analyzing commonly available and inexpensive immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory medications to assess their possible effectiveness in improving the host response to COVID-19, this paper recommends the following: (1) optimize current health-cease (reduce) smoking, ensure adequate hypertension and diabetes control, continue exercising; (2) start on an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor "statin" for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which may reduce the mortality associated with ARDS; and (3) consider using Diclofenac (or other COX-2 inhibition medications) for its anti-inflammatory and virus toxicity properties. For purposes of effectiveness, this needs to be in the early course of the disease (post infection and/or symptom presentation) and given in a high dose. The downsides to these recommended interventions are considered manageable at this stage of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Mark Verrall
- South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Sports and Arthritis Clinic, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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19
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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20
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Tumor microenvironment and epithelial mesenchymal transition as targets to overcome tumor multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100715. [PMID: 32679188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment. Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). TME-induced factors secreted by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create an inflammatory microenvironment by recruiting immune cells. CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inflammatory tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are main immune cell types which further enhance chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation nurtures tumor-initiating/cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), induces both EMT and MDR leading to tumor relapses. Pro-thrombotic microenvironment created by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from TAMs, MDSCs and CAFs is also involved in EMT and MDR. MDSCs are the most common mediators of immunosuppression and are also involved in resistance to targeted therapies, e.g. BRAF inhibitors and oncolytic viruses-based therapies. Expansion of both cancer and stroma cells causes hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (e.g. HIF-1α) resulting in drug resistance. TME factors induce the expression of transcriptional EMT factors, MDR and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. Promoters of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes contain binding sites for canonical EMT transcription factors, e.g. ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL. Changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy during EMT also promote MDR. Conclusively, EMT signaling simultaneously increases MDR. Owing to the multifactorial nature of MDR, targeting one mechanism seems to be non-sufficient to overcome resistance. Targeting inflammatory processes by immune modulatory compounds such as mTOR inhibitors, demethylating agents, low-dosed histone deacetylase inhibitors may decrease MDR. Targeting EMT and metabolic adaptation by small molecular inhibitors might also reverse MDR. In this review, we summarize evidence for TME components as causative factors of EMT and anticancer drug resistance.
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21
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Jonescheit H, Oberg HH, Gonnermann D, Hermes M, Sulaj V, Peters C, Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Influence of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase and Its Metabolite Kynurenine on γδ T Cell Cytotoxicity against Ductal Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1140. [PMID: 32384638 PMCID: PMC7290398 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant gastrointestinal disease. The enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxgenase (IDO) is often overexpressed in PDAC and its downstream metabolite kynurenine has been reported to inhibit T cell activation and proliferation. Since γδ T cells are of high interest for T cell-based immunotherapy against PDAC, we studied the impact of IDO and kynurenine on γδ T cell cytotoxicity against PDAC cells. METHODS IDO expression was determined in PDAC cells by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. PDAC cells were cocultured with γδ T cells in medium or were stimulated with phosphorylated antigens or bispecific antibody in the presence or absence of IDO inhibitors. Additionally, γδ T cells were treated with recombinant kynurenine. Read-out assays included degranulation, cytotoxicity and cytokine measurement as well as cell cycle analysis. RESULTS Since IDO overexpression was variable in PDAC, IDO inhibitors improved γδ T cell cytotoxicity only against some but not all PDAC cells. γδ T cell degranulation and cytotoxicity were significantly decreased after their treatment with recombinant kynurenine. CONCLUSIONS Bispecific antibody drastically enhanced γδ T cell cytotoxicity against all PDAC cells, which can be further enhanced by IDO inhibitors against several PDAC cells, suggesting a striking heterogeneity in PDAC escape mechanisms towards γδ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; (H.J.); (H.-H.O.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (V.S.); (C.P.); (D.K.)
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22
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The Role of Interleukin 1β in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 34589908 PMCID: PMC8474414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including cancer. A complex tumor microenvironment created and maintained by a range of cell types promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Inflammasomes, multicomplex cytosolic proteins, generate much of this inflammation, including the activation of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. Inflammation generated by IL-1β is present in several disease states, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and arthritis. IL-1β is activated when a specific inflammasome, nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor protein 3, induces cleavage of pro–IL-1β into its active form. Nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor protein 3 is up-regulated in lung cancer; IL-1β binds to its receptor and activates signaling pathways, including the MAPK, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear factor–κB pathways, leading to macrophage activation, intratumoral accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and tumor growth, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Evidence suggests a role for IL-1β and some of its downstream effectors (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase-2) as prognostic markers in many malignancies, including lung cancer. Methods A phase III cardiovascular study of canakinumab, a human immunoglobulin Gk monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for IL-1β, was conducted in patients who had a myocardial infarction. Results A subanalysis of this study found that treatment with canakinumab substantially reduced incident lung cancer and lung cancer mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions A phase III trial is currently recruiting participants to evaluate canakinumab as adjuvant treatment versus placebo in patients with lung cancer. Other studies are investigating combinations of established antineoplastic agents and canakinumab in both early- and advanced-stage NSCLC.
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23
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Harnessing cancer immunotherapy during the unexploited immediate perioperative period. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:313-326. [PMID: 32066936 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immediate perioperative period (days before and after surgery) is hypothesized to be crucial in determining long-term cancer outcomes: during this short period, numerous factors, including excess stress and inflammatory responses, tumour-cell shedding and pro-angiogenic and/or growth factors, might facilitate the progression of pre-existing micrometastases and the initiation of new metastases, while simultaneously jeopardizing immune control over residual malignant cells. Thus, application of anticancer immunotherapy during this critical time frame could potentially improve patient outcomes. Nevertheless, this strategy has rarely been implemented to date. In this Perspective, we discuss apparent contraindications for the perioperative use of cancer immunotherapy, suggest safe immunotherapeutic and other anti-metastatic approaches during this important time frame and specify desired characteristics of such interventions. These characteristics include a rapid onset of immune activation, avoidance of tumour-promoting effects, no or minimal increase in surgical risk, resilience to stress-related factors and minimal induction of stress responses. Pharmacological control of excess perioperative stress-inflammatory responses has been shown to be clinically feasible and could potentially be combined with immune stimulation to overcome the direct pro-metastatic effects of surgery, prevent immune suppression and enhance immunostimulatory responses. Accordingly, we believe that certain types of immunotherapy, together with interventions to abrogate stress-inflammatory responses, should be evaluated in conjunction with surgery and, for maximal effectiveness, could be initiated before administration of adjuvant therapies. Such strategies might improve the overall success of cancer treatment.
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24
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Saliakoura M, Reynoso-Moreno I, Pozzato C, Rossi Sebastiano M, Galié M, Gertsch J, Konstantinidou G. The ACSL3-LPIAT1 signaling drives prostaglandin synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2948-2960. [PMID: 32034305 PMCID: PMC7118021 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced prostaglandin production promotes the development and progression of cancer. Prostaglandins are generated from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes. However, how cancer cells are able to maintain an elevated supply of AA for prostaglandin production remains unclear. Here, by using lung cancer cell lines and clinically relevant KrasG12D-driven mouse models, we show that the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL3) channels AA into phosphatidylinositols to provide the lysophosphatidylinositol-acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1) with a pool of AA to sustain high prostaglandin synthesis. LPIAT1 knockdown suppresses proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cell lines, and hinders in vivo tumorigenesis. In primary human lung tumors, the expression of LPIAT1 is elevated compared with healthy tissue, and predicts poor patient survival. This study uncovers the ACSL3-LPIAT1 axis as a requirement for the sustained prostaglandin synthesis in lung cancer with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saliakoura
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inés Reynoso-Moreno
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Pozzato
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirco Galié
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Larsson K, Steinmetz J, Bergqvist F, Arefin S, Spahiu L, Wannberg J, Pawelzik SC, Morgenstern R, Stenberg P, Kublickiene K, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ. Biological characterization of new inhibitors of microsomal PGE synthase-1 in preclinical models of inflammation and vascular tone. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4625-4638. [PMID: 31404942 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), the inducible synthase that catalyses the terminal step in PGE2 biosynthesis, is of high interest as therapeutic target to treat inflammation. Inhibition of mPGES-1 is suggested to be safer than traditional NSAIDs, and recent data demonstrate anti-constrictive effects on vascular tone, indicating new therapeutic opportunities. However, there is a lack of potent mPGES-1 inhibitors lacking interspecies differences for conducting in vivo studies in relevant preclinical disease models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Potency was determined based on the reduction of PGE2 formation in recombinant enzyme assays, cellular assay, human whole blood assay, and air pouch mouse model. Anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Effect on vascular tone was determined with human ex vivo wire myography. KEY RESULTS We report five new mPGES-1 inhibitors (named 934, 117, 118, 322, and 323) that selectively inhibit recombinant human and rat mPGES-1 with IC50 values of 10-29 and 67-250 nM respectively. The compounds inhibited PGE2 production in a cellular assay (IC50 values 0.15-0.82 μM) and in a human whole blood assay (IC50 values 3.3-8.7 μM). Moreover, the compounds blocked PGE2 formation in an air pouch mouse model and reduced acute paw swelling in a paw oedema rat model. Human ex vivo wire myography analysis showed reduced adrenergic vasoconstriction after incubation with the compounds. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These mPGES-1 inhibitors can be used as refined tools in further investigations of the role of mPGES-1 in inflammation and microvascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Larsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Steinmetz
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergqvist
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Spahiu
- Biochemical Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Wannberg
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Medicinal Chemistry-Lead Identification, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Morgenstern
- Biochemical Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Crispen PL, Kusmartsev S. Mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:3-14. [PMID: 31811337 PMCID: PMC6949323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of multiple new agents, the role of immunotherapy is rapidly expanding across all malignancies. Bladder cancer is known to be immunogenic and is responsive to immunotherapy including intravesical BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple trials have addressed the role of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, including atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab (all targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway). While these trials have demonstrated promising results and improvements over existing therapies, less than half of patients with advanced disease demonstrate clinical benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology and immunology have led to an improved understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the host’s immune system. It appears that tumors promote the formation of highly immunosuppressive microenvironments preventing generation of effective anti-tumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, reconditioning of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of the competent immune response is essential for achieving optimal efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we aim to discuss the major mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer and highlight novel pathways and molecular targets that may help to attenuate tumor-induced immune tolerance, overcome resistance to immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Crispen
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Kusmartsev
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Dr, PO BOX 100247, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Sajiki Y, Konnai S, Okagawa T, Nishimori A, Maekawa N, Goto S, Watari K, Minato E, Kobayashi A, Kohara J, Yamada S, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Takahashi H, Terasaki N, Takeda A, Yamamoto K, Toda M, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Prostaglandin E 2-Induced Immune Exhaustion and Enhancement of Antiviral Effects by Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Combined with COX-2 Inhibitor in Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1313-1324. [PMID: 31366713 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is a chronic viral infection of cattle and endemic in many countries, including Japan. Our previous study demonstrated that PGE2, a product of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, suppresses Th1 responses in cattle and contributes to the progression of Johne disease, a chronic bacterial infection in cattle. However, little information is available on the association of PGE2 with chronic viral infection. Thus, we analyzed the changes in plasma PGE2 concentration during BLV infection and its effects on proviral load, viral gene transcription, Th1 responses, and disease progression. Both COX2 expression by PBMCs and plasma PGE2 concentration were higher in the infected cattle compared with uninfected cattle, and plasma PGE2 concentration was positively correlated with the proviral load. BLV Ag exposure also directly enhanced PGE2 production by PBMCs. Transcription of BLV genes was activated via PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4, further suggesting that PGE2 contributes to disease progression. In contrast, inhibition of PGE2 production using a COX-2 inhibitor activated BLV-specific Th1 responses in vitro, as evidenced by enhanced T cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production, and reduced BLV proviral load in vivo. Combined treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 Ab significantly reduced the BLV proviral load, suggesting a potential as a novel control method against BLV infection. Further studies using a larger number of animals are required to support the efficacy of this treatment for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Sajiki
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; .,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Asami Nishimori
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Watari
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Erina Minato
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Junko Kohara
- Animal Research Center, Agriculture Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku 081-0038, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takahashi
- Shibecha Branch, Kushiro Central Office, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shibecha 088-2311, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Terasaki
- Shibecha Branch, Kushiro Central Office, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shibecha 088-2311, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- Shibecha Branch, Kushiro Central Office, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shibecha 088-2311, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Osaka 536-8523, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Toda
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,New Business and International Business Development, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Osaka 536-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0019, Japan; and.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0019, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Iwamoto A, Ikeguchi M, Matsumoto S, Hukumoto Y, Inoue M, Ozaki T, Ataka M, Tanida T, Endo K, Katano K, Hirooka Y. Tumor Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Suppresses Local Immune Responses in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2019; 92:130-3. [PMID: 16724692 DOI: 10.1177/030089160609200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background In several neoplastic diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunosuppression is correlated with disease stage, progression and outcome. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enhances tumor growth in HCCs. The present study analyzed the correlation between local immune responses and COX-2 gene expression levels in patients with primary HCCs. Methods Fresh tissues were obtained from 59 patients who underwent resection of an HCC. The COX-2 gene expression levels were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared with the CD8+ T cell densities detected by immunohistochemistry. Results COX-2 gene expression was detected in 35 of the 59 tumors. The CD8+ T cell density in COX-2-expressing tumors (6.1 cells/high-power field (HPF), x200 magnification) was suppressed compared with that in non-COX-2-expressing tumors (13.6 cells/HPF, P = 0.009). Tumor COX-2 gene expression was associated with a poorer disease-free survival rate. Conclusions Elevation of the tumor COX-2 level is correlated with the suppression of local immune responses in HCCs, suggesting that COX-2 plays a role in early tumor recurrence in the residual liver in patients after HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Iwamoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan
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Pennock ND, Martinson HA, Guo Q, Betts CB, Jindal S, Tsujikawa T, Coussens LM, Borges VF, Schedin P. Ibuprofen supports macrophage differentiation, T cell recruitment, and tumor suppression in a model of postpartum breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:98. [PMID: 30285905 PMCID: PMC6167844 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women diagnosed with breast cancer within 5 years postpartum (PPBC) have poorer prognosis than age matched nulliparous women, even after controlling for clinical variables known to impact disease outcomes. Through rodent modeling, the poor prognosis of PPBC has been attributed to physiologic mammary gland involution, which shapes a tumor promotional microenvironment through induction of wound-healing-like programs including myeloid cell recruitment. Previous studies utilizing immune compromised mice have shown that blocking prostaglandin synthesis reduces PPBC tumor progression in a tumor cell extrinsic manner. Given the reported roles of prostaglandins in myeloid and T cell biology, and the established importance of these immune cell populations in dictating tumor growth, we investigate the impact of involution on shaping the tumor immune milieu and its mitigation by ibuprofen in immune competent hosts. METHODS In a syngeneic (D2A1) orthotopic Balb/c mouse model of PPBC, we characterized the impact of mammary gland involution and ibuprofen treatment on the immune milieu in tumors and draining lymph nodes utilizing flow cytometry, multiplex IHC, lipid mass spectroscopy and cytokine arrays. To further investigate the impact of ibuprofen on programming myeloid cell populations, we performed RNA-Seq on in vivo derived mammary myeloid cells from ibuprofen treated and untreated involution group mice. Further, we examined direct effects of ibuprofen through in vitro bone marrow derived myeloid cell cultures. RESULTS Tumors implanted into the mammary involution microenvironment grow more rapidly and display a distinct immune milieu compared to tumors implanted into glands of nulliparous mice. This milieu is characterized by increased presence of immature monocytes and reduced numbers of T cells and is reversed upon ibuprofen treatment. Further, ibuprofen treatment enhances Th1 associated cytokines as well as promotes tumor border accumulation of T cells. Safety studies demonstrate ibuprofen does not impede gland involution, impact subsequent reproductive success, nor promote auto-reactivity as detected through auto-antibody and naïve T cell priming assays. CONCLUSIONS Ibuprofen administration during the tumor promotional microenvironment of the involuting mammary gland reduces overall tumor growth and enhances anti-tumor immune characteristics while avoiding adverse autoimmune reactions. In sum, these studies implicate beneficial prophylactic use of ibuprofen during the pro-tumorigenic window of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Pennock
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Holly A Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Courtney B Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS8117, RC-1S, 8401K, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, MS8117, RC-1S, 8401K, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Haldar R, Shaashua L, Lavon H, Lyons YA, Zmora O, Sharon E, Birnbaum Y, Allweis T, Sood AK, Barshack I, Cole S, Ben-Eliyahu S. Perioperative inhibition of β-adrenergic and COX2 signaling in a clinical trial in breast cancer patients improves tumor Ki-67 expression, serum cytokine levels, and PBMCs transcriptome. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:294-309. [PMID: 29800703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamines and prostaglandins are secreted abundantly during the perioperative period in response to stress and surgery, and were shown by translational studies to promote tumor metastasis. Here, in a phase-II biomarker clinical trial in breast cancer patients (n = 38), we tested the combined perioperative use of the β-blocker, propranolol, and the COX2-inhibitor, etodolac, scheduled for 11 consecutive perioperative days, starting 5 days before surgery. Blood samples were taken before treatment (T1), on the mornings before and after surgery (T2&T3), and after treatment cessation (T4). Drugs were well tolerated. Results based on a-priori hypotheses indicated that already before surgery (T2), serum levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6, CRP, and IFNγ, and anti-inflammatory, cortisol and IL-10, increased. At T2 and/or T3, drug treatment reduced serum levels of the above pro-inflammatory cytokines and of TRAIL, as well as activity of multiple inflammation-related transcription factors (including NFκB, STAT3, ISRE), but not serum levels of cortisol, IL-10, IL-18, IL-8, VEGF and TNFα. In the excised tumor, treatment reduced the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, and positively affected its transcription factors SP1 and AhR. Exploratory analyses of transcriptome modulation in PBMCs revealed treatment-induced improvement at T2/T3 in several transcription factors that in primary tumors indicate poor prognosis (CUX1, THRa, EVI1, RORa, PBX1, and T3R), angiogenesis (YY1), EMT (GATA1 and deltaEF1/ZEB1), proliferation (GATA2), and glucocorticoids response (GRE), while increasing the activity of the oncogenes c-MYB and N-MYC. Overall, the drug treatment may benefit breast cancer patients through reducing systemic inflammation and pro-metastatic/pro-growth biomarkers in the excised tumor and PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Haldar
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hagar Lavon
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yasmin A Lyons
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at University of Texas, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Oded Zmora
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eran Sharon
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Yehudit Birnbaum
- Department of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Tanir Allweis
- Department of Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Division of Surgery, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at University of Texas, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Tong D, Liu Q, Wang LA, Xie Q, Pang J, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang D, Lan W, Jiang J. The roles of the COX2/PGE2/EP axis in therapeutic resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:355-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yi L, Zhang W, Zhang H, Shen J, Zou J, Luo P, Zhang J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefit of celecoxib in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2455-2466. [PMID: 30122902 PMCID: PMC6086108 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The clinical benefit of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, combined with anticancer therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. A meta-analysis was performed to address the efficacy and safety of celecoxib in patients with advanced NSCLC. Materials and methods Three databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched for available literature until March 1, 2018. Data on tumor response rates, one-year survival, overall survival, progression-free survival, and toxicities were extracted from the included randomized clinical trials. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to the line of treatment. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to conduct the meta-analysis. Results A total of 7 randomized controlled trials involving 1,559 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled for analysis. The pooled overall response rate (ORR) of celecoxib added to systemic therapy was not significantly improved (risk ratio [RR] =1.14, 95% CI =0.96–1.35, P=0.13). Additionally, no differences were observed between the celecoxib and placebo groups regarding 1-year survival (RR =0.99, 95% CI =0.88–1.12, P=0.91). Subgroup analysis showed that adding celecoxib to the first-line treatment significantly improved the ORR (RR =1.21, 95% CI =1.01–1.44, P=0.04) and partial response rate (RR =1.26, 95% CI =1.01–1.58, P=0.04). The aggregated Kaplan–Meier analysis found no significant difference between celecoxib and placebo regarding the 5-year overall survival (median, 12.9 vs 12.5 months, P=0.553) and 5-year progression-free survival (median, 7.4 vs 7.2 months, P=0.641). The increased RR of leukopenia (RR =1.25, 95% CI =1.03–1.50) and thrombocytopenia (RR =1.39, 95% CI =1.11–1.75) indicated that celecoxib increased hematologic toxicities (grade ≥III). However, celecoxib did not increase the related risks of thrombosis or embolism (RR =1.26, 95% CI =0.66–2.39) and cardiac ischemia (RR =1.16, 95% CI =0.39–3.44). Conclusion Celecoxib had no benefit on survival indices for advanced NSCLC but improved the ORR of first-line treatment. Additionally, celecoxib increased the rate of hematologic toxicities without increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jingwen Zou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China, ;
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Wang Y, Zhang S. Berberine suppresses growth and metastasis of endometrial cancer cells via miR-101/COX-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1287-1293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Koc ÖM, van Kampen RJW, van Bodegraven AA. Cancer-Associated Chemotherapy Induces Less IBD Exacerbations and a Reduction of IBD Medication Afterwards. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1606-1611. [PMID: 29669052 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing and, consequently, more IBD patients will develop cancer with need for cancer-associated chemotherapy. Physicians are therefore confronted with whether they should continue, stop, or restart IBD medication in relation with chemotherapy. The current strategy in our hospital is to discontinue immunomodulating IBD medication, comprising corticosteroids, anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF), and other immunosuppressives, before starting chemotherapy. METHODS Out of 1826 patients with IBD, we analyzed 41 IBD patients who received chemotherapy between January 2006-2017. The primary endpoint was the effect of chemotherapy on IBD course, assessed by number of exacerbations and use of IBD medication. The paired-samples t-test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were performed. RESULTS The mean number of IBD exacerbations of 0.3 (0.0-0.6) per 5 years after chemotherapy was lower compared to 1.4 (0.8-1.9) exacerbations per 5 years before chemotherapy exposure (P < 0.01). In terms of IBD medication, there was a decrease in the number of patients using mesalazine (47% vs 71%, P < 0.01) or corticosteroids (9% vs 32%, P = 0.02) in a time span of 5 years after compared to 5 years before chemotherapy. There was also a trend of less use of immunosuppressives (anti-TNF 0% vs 15%, P = 0.25; thiopurines 12% vs 34%, P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-associated chemotherapy is associated with a more benign course of IBD that may contribute to the decision to discontinue anti-TNF or other immunosuppressives in relation to cancer-associated treatment both before the start of chemotherapy, as well as reinitiating aggressive immunosuppressives for IBD afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür M Koc
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J W van Kampen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A van Bodegraven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Tröger B, Heidemann M, Osthues I, Knaack D, Göpel W, Herting E, Knobloch JKM, Härtel C. Modulation of S. epidermidis-induced innate immune responses in neonatal whole blood. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 53:240-249. [PMID: 30146415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) such as Staphylococcus epidermidis are highly prevalent pathogens for sepsis in neonates. The interaction between host, environment and pathogenic factors of S. epidermidis are still poorly understood. Our objective was to address the role of several pathogenic factors of S. epidermidis on neonatal cytokine responses and to characterize the influence of three immunomodulatory drugs. METHODS We performed an ex-vivo model of S. epidermidis sepsis by assessment of blood cytokine production in neonatal whole blood stimulation assays (ELISA). S. epidermidis strains with different characteristics were added as full pathogen to umbilical cord blood cultures and the influence of indomethacin, ibuprofen and furosemide on neonatal immune response to S. epidermidis was evaluated (Flow cytometry). RESULTS Stimulation with S. epidermidis sepsis strains induced higher IL-6 and IL-10 expression than stimulation with colonization strains. Biofilm formation in clinical isolates was associated with increased IL-10 but not IL-6 levels. In contrast, stimulation with mutant strains for biofilm formation and extracellular virulence factors had no major effect on cytokine expression. Notably, addition of ibuprofen or indomethacin to S. epidermidis inoculated whole blood resulted in mildly increased expression of TNF-α but not IL-6, while frusemide decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS The virulence of sepsis strains is coherent with increased cytokine production in our whole-blood in-vitro sepsis model. Biofilm formation and expression of extracellular virulence factors had no major influence on readouts in our setting. It is important to acknowledge that several drugs used in neonatal care have immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Tröger
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Mathias Heidemann
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Osthues
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dennis Knaack
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Egbert Herting
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johannes K-M Knobloch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Prostaglandin E 2 Induction Suppresses the Th1 Immune Responses in Cattle with Johne's Disease. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00910-17. [PMID: 29483289 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00910-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is a bovine chronic infection that is endemic in Japan and many other countries. The expression of immunoinhibitory molecules is upregulated in cattle with Johne's disease, but the mechanism of immunosuppression is poorly understood. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is immunosuppressive in humans, but few veterinary data are available. In this study, functional and kinetic analyses of PGE2 were performed to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of PGE2 during Johne's disease. In vitro PGE2 treatment decreased T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production and upregulated the expression of immunoinhibitory molecules such as interleukin-10 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy cattle. PGE2 was upregulated in sera and intestinal lesions of cattle with Johne's disease. In vitro stimulation with Johnin purified protein derivative (J-PPD) induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) transcription, PGE2 production, and upregulation of PD-L1 and immunoinhibitory receptors in PBMCs from cattle infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis Therefore, Johnin-specific Th1 responses could be limited by the PGE2 pathway in cattle. In contrast, downregulation of PGE2 with a COX-2 inhibitor promoted J-PPD-stimulated CD8+ T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production in PBMCs from the experimentally infected cattle. PD-L1 blockade induced J-PPD-stimulated CD8+ T-cell proliferation and interferon gamma production in vitro Combined treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibodies enhanced J-PPD-stimulated CD8+ T-cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting that the blockade of both pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy to control Johne's disease. The effects of COX-2 inhibition warrant further study as a novel treatment of Johne's disease.
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Del Cornò M, D'Archivio M, Conti L, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Donninelli G, Varano B, Giammarioli S, De Meo S, Silecchia G, Pennestrì F, Persiani R, Masella R, Gessani S. Visceral fat adipocytes from obese and colorectal cancer subjects exhibit distinct secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and deliver immunosuppressive signals to innate immunity cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63093-63105. [PMID: 27494857 PMCID: PMC5325349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory state representing an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Adipocytes strongly contribute to inflammation by producing inflammatory mediators. In this study we investigated the role of human visceral fat adipocytes in regulating the functions of innate immunity cells. Adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from obese (n = 14) and CRC (lean, n = 14; obese, n = 13) subjects released higher levels of pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory factors as compared to ACM from healthy lean subjects (n = 13). Dendritic cells (DC), differentiated in the presence of ACM from obese and CRC subjects, expressed elevated levels of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2, and showed a reduced IL-12/IL-10 ratio in response to both TLR ligand- and γδ T lymphocyte-induced maturation. Furthermore, CRC patient-derived ACM inhibited DC-mediated γδ T cell activation. The immunosuppressive signals delivered by ACM from obese and CRC individuals were associated with a pro-inflammatory secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of adipocytes. Interestingly, STAT3 activation in adipocytes correlated with dihomo-γlinolenic acid content and was further induced by arachidonic acid, which conversely down-modulated PPARγ. These results provide novel evidence for a cross-talk between human adipocytes and innate immunity cells whose alteration in obesity and CRC may lead to immune dysfunctions, thus setting the basis for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Varano
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Giammarioli
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Meo
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Masella
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Zhang P, Hu X, Liu B, Liu Z, Liu C, Cai J, Gao F, Cui J, Li B, Yang Y. Effects of 12C6+ Heavy Ion Radiation on Dendritic Cells Function. Med Sci Monit 2018. [PMID: 29525808 PMCID: PMC5859670 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon ion radiotherapy has been shown to be more effective in cancer radiotherapy than photon irradiation. Influence of carbon ion radiation on cancer microenvironment is very important for the outcomes of radiotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in cancer antigen processing and antitumor immunity. However, there is scant literature covering the effects of carbon ion radiation on DCs. In this study, we aimed to uncover the impact of carbon ion irradiation on bone marrow derived DCs. Material/Methods Bone marrow cells were co-cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for seven days, and the population of DCs was confirmed with flow cytometry. We used an Annexin V and PI staining method to detect cell apoptosis. Endocytosis assay of DCs was determined by using a flow cytometry method. DCs migration capacity was tested by a Transwell method. We also used ELISA assay and western blotting assay to examine the cytokines and protein expression, respectively. Results Our data showed that carbon ion radiation induced apoptosis in both immature and mature DCs. After irradiation, the endocytosis and migration capacity of DCs was also impaired. Interestingly, carbon irradiation triggered a burst of IFN-γ and IL-12 in LPS or CpG treated DCs, which provide novel insights into the combination of immunotherapy and carbon ion radiotherapy. Finally, we found that carbon ion irradiation induced apoptosis and migration suppression was p38 dependent. Conclusions Our present study demonstrated that carbon ion irradiation induced apoptosis in DCs, and impaired DCs function mainly through the p38 signaling pathway. Carbon ion irradiation also triggered anti-tumor cytokines secretion. This work provides novel information of carbon ion radiotherapy in DCs, and also provides new insights on the combination of immune adjuvant and carbon ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Liu
- Medical Imaging Department of PLA 546 Hospital, Malan, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Grabosch SM, Shariff OM, Helm CW. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents to induce regression and prevent the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 2:CD004121. [PMID: 29431861 PMCID: PMC6483561 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004121.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in 2014, Issue 4. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) precedes the development of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Current treatment of CIN is quite effective, but there is morbidity for the patient related to pain, bleeding, infection, cervical stenosis and premature birth in a subsequent pregnancy. Effective treatment with medications, rather than surgery, would be beneficial. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, to induce regression and prevent the progression of CIN. SEARCH METHODS Previously, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 11), MEDLINE (November, 2013) and Embase (November week 48, 2013). An updated search was performed in August 2017 for CENTRAL (2017, Issue 8), MEDLINE (July, week 3, 2017) and Embase (July week 31, 2017). Trial registries and journals were also searched as part of the update. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials of NSAIDs in the treatment of CIN. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risks of bias in accordance with Cochrane methodology. Outcome data were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS In three RCTs, 171 women over the age of 18 years were randomised to receive celecoxib 400 mg daily for 14 to 18 weeks versus placebo (one study, 130 participants), celecoxib 200 mg twice daily by mouth for six months versus placebo (one study, 25 participants), or rofecoxib 25 mg once daily by mouth for three months versus placebo (one study, 16 participants). The study with rofecoxib was discontinued when the medicine was withdrawn from the market in 2004. The trials ran from June 2005 to April 2012, June 2002 to October 2003, and May to October 2004, respectively. We have chosen to include the data from the rofecoxib study as outcomes may be similar when other such NSAIDs are utilised.Partial or complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 31 out of 70 (44%) in the treatment arms and 19 of 62 (31%) in the placebo arms (risk ratio (RR) 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 2.27; P value 0.10), three studies, 132 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 15 of 62 (24%) of those receiving celecoxib versus 10 of 54 (19%) of those receiving placebo (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.67; P value 0.45, two studies, 116 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Partial regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 occurred in 14 of 62 (23%) of those receiving celecoxib versus 8 of 54 (15%) of those receiving placebo (RR 1.56, 95% CI 0.72 to 3.4; P value 0.26), two studies, 116 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).Progression to a higher grade of CIN, but not to invasive cancer, occurred in one of 12 (8%) of those receiving celecoxib and two of 13 (15%) receiving placebo (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.24; P value 0.60, one study, 25 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies reported no cases of progression to invasive cancer within the timeframe of the study. No toxicity was reported in the two original articles. The trial added in this update had one Grade 3 gastrointestinal adverse effect in the treatment arm, but otherwise had similar Grade 1 to 2 side effects between treatment and placebo groups. Although the studies were well-conducted and randomised, some risk of bias was detected in all studies. Furthermore, the duration of the studies was short, which may mask identifying progression to cancer.The addition of the trial in this update quadrupled the number of patients in the original review and was a well-designed multicentre trial thus, increasing the overall certainty of evidence from very low to moderate for this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There are currently no convincing data to support a benefit for NSAIDs in the treatment of CIN. With the addition of this new, larger randomised trial we would rate this as overall moderate-certainty evidence by the GRADE criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Grabosch
- Magee‐Womens Hospital of UPMCDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences300 Halket StPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA15213
| | - Osman M Shariff
- University of Louisville School of Medicine3646 Warner AveLouisvilleKentuckyUSA40207
| | - C. William Helm
- Princess Alexandra Wing, Royal Cornwall HospitalGynaecological OncologyTuroCornwallUKTR1 3LJ
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Bianco TM, Abdalla DR, Desidério CS, Thys S, Simoens C, Bogers JP, Murta EFC, Michelin MA. The influence of physical activity in the anti-tumor immune response in experimental breast tumor. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:148-158. [PMID: 28818640 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity in innate immunity to conduce to an effective antitumoral immune response analyzing the phenotype and activation status of infiltrating cells. We analysed the intracellular cytokines and the transcription factors of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) and spleen leukocytes. The Nos2 gene expression was evaluated in spleen cells and futhermore the ROS production was measured and spleen cells; another cell evaluated was dendritic cells (TIDCs), their cytokines expression and membrane molecules; finally to understood the results obtained, we analysed the dendritic cells obtained from bone marrow. Were used female Balb/c mice divided into 4 groups: two controls without tumor, sedentary (GI) and trained (GII) and two groups with tumor, sedentary (GIII) or trained (GIV). The physical activity (PA) was realized acoording swimming protocol. Tumor was induced by injection of 4T1 cells. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate. After the experimental period, the tumor was removed and the cells were identified by flow cytometry with labeling to CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD11b, CD80, CD86 and Ia, and intracelular staining IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, Tbet, GATA3, RORγt and FoxP3. The bone marrow of the animals was obtained to analyse the derivated DCs by flow cytometry and culture cells to obtain the supernatant to measure the cytokines. Our results demonstrated that the PA inhibit the tumoral growth although not to change the number of TILS, but reduced expression of GATA-3, ROR-γT, related with poor prognosis, and TNF-α intracellular; however occur one significantly reduction in TIDCS, but these cells expressed more co-stimulatory and presentation molecules. Furthermore, we observed that the induced PA stimulated the gene expression of Tbet and the production of inflammatory cytokines suggesting an increase of Th1 systemic response. The results evaluating the systemic influence in DCs showed that the PA improve significantly the number of those cells in bone marrow as well the number of co-stimulatory molecules. Therefore, we could conclude that PA influence the innate immunity by interfering to promote in process of maturation of DCs both in tumor and systemically, that by its turn promote a modification in acquired immune cells, representing by T helper to induce an important alteration transcription factors that are responsible to maintain a suppressive microenviroment, and thereby, allowing the latter cells can thus activate antitumor immune response. The PA was able improve the Th1 systemic response by enhance to Tbet gene expression, promote a slightly increased of Th1-type cytokines and decrease Gata3 and Foxp3 gene expression in which can inhibit the Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Bianco
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Douglas R Abdalla
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Chamberttan S Desidério
- Oncology Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia-IPON), Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Brazil
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cindy Simoens
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John-Paul Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eddie F C Murta
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON)/Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UFTM, Brazil
| | - Márcia A Michelin
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON)/Discipline of Immunology, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Boas FE, Ziv E, Yarmohammadi H, Brown KT, Erinjeri JP, Sofocleous CT, Harding JJ, Solomon SB. Adjuvant Medications That Improve Survival after Locoregional Therapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:971-977.e4. [PMID: 28527884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if outpatient medications taken at the time of liver tumor embolization or ablation affect survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was done of 2,032 liver tumor embolization, radioembolization, and ablation procedures performed in 1,092 patients from June 2009 to April 2016. Pathology, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer), neuroendocrine tumor (NET) grade, initial locoregional therapy, overall survival after initial locoregional therapy, Child-Pugh score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and outpatient medications taken at the time of locoregional therapy were analyzed for each patient. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated for patients taking 29 medications or medication classes (including prescription and nonprescription medications) for reasons unrelated to their primary cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS For patients with HCC initially treated with embolization (n = 304 patients), the following medications were associated with improved survival when taken at the time of embolization: beta-blockers (P = .0007), aspirin (P = .0008) and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (P = .009), proton pump inhibitors (P = .004), and antivirals for hepatitis B or C (P = .01). For colorectal liver metastases initially treated with ablation (n = 172 patients), beta-blockers were associated with improved survival when taken at the time of ablation (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Aspirin and beta-blockers are associated with significantly improved survival when taken at the time of embolization for HCC. Aspirin was not associated with survival differences after locoregional therapy for NET or colorectal liver metastases, suggesting an HCC-specific effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Edward Boas
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065.
| | - Etay Ziv
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Karen T Brown
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Constantinos T Sofocleous
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - James J Harding
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
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Hamada T, Cao Y, Qian ZR, Masugi Y, Nowak JA, Yang J, Song M, Mima K, Kosumi K, Liu L, Shi Y, da Silva A, Gu M, Li W, Keum N, Zhang X, Wu K, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Giannakis M, Rodig SJ, Freeman GJ, Nevo D, Wang M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Aspirin Use and Colorectal Cancer Survival According to Tumor CD274 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1) Expression Status. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:1836-1844. [PMID: 28406723 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Blockade of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, PD-1) immune checkpoint pathway can improve clinical outcomes in various malignancies. Evidence suggests that aspirin (a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) not only prolongs colorectal cancer survival, but can also activate T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and synergize with immunotherapy through inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production. We hypothesized that the survival benefit associated with aspirin might be stronger in colorectal carcinoma with a lower CD274 (PDCD1 ligand 1, PD-L1) expression level that resulted in lower signaling of the immune checkpoint pathway. Patients and Methods Using data from 617 patients with rectal and colon cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we examined the association of postdiagnosis aspirin use with patient survival in strata of tumor CD274 expression status measured by immunohistochemistry. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to control for potential confounders, including disease stage, microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation, cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2), and CDX2 expression, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Results The association of postdiagnosis aspirin use with colorectal cancer-specific survival differed by CD274 expression status ( Pinteraction < .001); compared with aspirin nonusers; multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for regular aspirin users were 0.16 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.41) in patients with low CD274 and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.67) in patients with high CD274. This differential association seemed consistent in patients with microsatellite-stable or PIK3CA wild-type disease and in strata of PTGS2 expression, CDX2 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or prediagnosis aspirin use status. Conclusion The association of aspirin use with colorectal cancer survival is stronger in patients with CD274-low tumors than CD274-high tumors. Our findings suggest a differential antitumor effect of aspirin according to immune checkpoint status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Cao
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhong Yang
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Song
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shi
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - NaNa Keum
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kana Wu
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Nevo
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Molin Wang
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Tsuyoshi Hamada, Zhi Rong Qian, Yohei Masugi, Juhong Yang, Kosuke Mima, Keisuke Kosumi, Li Liu, Yan Shi, Annacarolina da Silva, Mancang Gu, Wanwan Li, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Marios Giannakis, Scott J. Rodig, Gordon J. Freeman, Charles S. Fuchs, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, and Andrew T. Chan, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Li Liu, NaNa Keum, Kana Wu, Edward L. Giovannucci, Daniel Nevo, Molin Wang, Reiko Nishihara, and Shuji Ogino, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Jonathan A. Nowak, Xuehong Zhang, Edward L. Giovannucci, Marios Giannakis, Gordon J. Freeman, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Charles S. Fuchs, and Shuji Ogino, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Marios Giannakis and Andrew T. Chan, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Li Liu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; Yan Shi, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing; and Mancang Gu, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gandhi J, Khera L, Gaur N, Paul C, Kaul R. Role of Modulator of Inflammation Cyclooxygenase-2 in Gammaherpesvirus Mediated Tumorigenesis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28400769 PMCID: PMC5368278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is recognized as a threat factor for cancer progression. Release of inflammatory molecules generates microenvironment which is highly favorable for development of tumor, cancer progression and metastasis. In cases of latent viral infections, generation of such a microenvironment is one of the major predisposing factors related to virus mediated tumorigenesis. Among various inflammatory mediators implicated in pathological process associated with cancer, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and its downstream effector molecules are of greater significance. Though the role of infectious agents in causing inflammation leading to transformation of cells has been more or less well established, however, the mechanism by which inflammation in itself modulates the events in life cycle of infectious agent is not very much clear. This is specifically important for gammaherpesviruses infections where viral life cycle is characterized by prolonged periods of latency when the virus remains hidden, immunologically undetectable and expresses only a very limited set of genes. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms for role of inflammation in virus life cycle and tumorigenesis. This review is an attempt to summarize the latest findings highlighting the significance of COX-2 and its downstream signaling effectors role in life cycle events of gammaherpesviruses leading to progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Lohit Khera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus New Delhi, India
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Horvatinovich JM, Grogan EW, Norris M, Steinkasserer A, Lemos H, Mellor AL, Tcherepanova IY, Nicolette CA, DeBenedette MA. Soluble CD83 Inhibits T Cell Activation by Binding to the TLR4/MD-2 Complex on CD14 + Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:2286-2301. [PMID: 28193829 PMCID: PMC5337811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD83, expressed on APCs, B cells, and T cells, can be expressed as a soluble form generated by alternative splice variants and/or by shedding. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) was shown to be involved in negatively regulating the immune response. sCD83 inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro, supports allograft survival in vivo, prevents corneal transplant rejection, and attenuates the progression and severity of autoimmune diseases and experimental colitis. Although sCD83 binds to human PBMCs, the specific molecules that bind sCD83 have not been identified. In this article, we identify myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), the coreceptor within the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex, as the high-affinity sCD83 binding partner. TLR4/MD-2 mediates proinflammatory signal delivery following recognition of bacterial LPSs. However, altering TLR4 signaling can attenuate the proinflammatory cascade, leading to LPS tolerance. Our data show that binding of sCD83 to MD-2 alters this signaling cascade by rapidly degrading IL-1R-associated kinase-1, leading to induction of the anti-inflammatory mediators IDO, IL-10, and PGE2 in a COX-2-dependent manner. sCD83 inhibited T cell proliferation, blocked IL-2 secretion, and rendered T cells unresponsive to further downstream differentiation signals mediated by IL-2. Therefore, we propose the tolerogenic mechanism of action of sCD83 to be dependent on initial interaction with APCs, altering early cytokine signal pathways and leading to T cell unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Norris
- Research Department, Argos Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27704
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
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46
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Pandey VK, Amin PJ, Shankar BS. COX-2 inhibitor prevents tumor induced down regulation of classical DC lineage specific transcription factor Zbtb46 resulting in immunocompetent DC and decreased tumor burden. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:23-33. [PMID: 28161224 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the immune and tumor cells in the microenvironment is an important factor deciding the progression of cancer. Though many of the soluble mediators in the microenvironment that mediate immunosuppression are known, the mechanism by which the tumor affects the distal progenitors is not known. We report that the tumor derived prostanoids down regulated classical dendritic cells DC (cDC) lineage specific transcription factor Zbtb46 in the progenitor cells which affects its differentiation. Prostanoids also induced ERK/CREB/IL-10 signaling pathway in DC that is more important for maturation of DC. This was observed under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions leading to phenotypic and functional impairment of DC. siRNA mediated knockdown of Zbtb46 and not exogenous IL-10 mimicked the effects of tumor conditioned medium (TCM) on suppression of maturation markers. Treatment of tumor cells with COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 averted TCM induced phenotypic impairment of DC in vitro. Treatment of tumor bearing mice with NS-398 prevented tumor induced down regulation of Zbtb46 resulting in immunocompetent DC which in turn led to a decrease in tumor burden. The effects of NS-398 was indeed through immunomodulation was corroborated by no such response in SCID mice. Our study provides novel insight into the distal regulation of progenitor cells by tumor and the importance of Zbtb46 expression in anti-tumor immunity. These results identify Zbtb46 expression as an indicator of immunocompetent DC in tumor and also highlights that COX-2 inhibitors could be useful in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul K Pandey
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Prayag J Amin
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
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47
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Hooper KM, Yen JH, Kong W, Rahbari KM, Kuo PC, Gamero AM, Ganea D. Prostaglandin E2 Inhibition of IL-27 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells: A Novel Mechanism That Involves IRF1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1521-1530. [PMID: 28062696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-27, a multifunctional cytokine produced by APCs, antagonizes inflammation by affecting conventional dendritic cells (cDC), inducing IL-10, and promoting development of regulatory Tr1 cells. Although the mechanisms involved in IL-27 induction are well studied, much less is known about the factors that negatively impact IL-27 expression. PGE2, a major immunomodulatory prostanoid, acts as a proinflammatory agent in several models of inflammatory/autoimmune disease, promoting primarily Th17 development and function. In this study, we report on a novel mechanism that promotes the proinflammatory function of PGE2 We showed previously that PGE2 inhibits IL-27 production in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. In this study, we show that, in addition to bone marrow-derived DCs, PGE2 inhibits IL-27 production in macrophages and in splenic cDC, and we identify a novel pathway consisting of signaling through EP2/EP4→induction of cAMP→downregulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 expression and binding to the p28 IFN-stimulated response element site. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 on p28 and irf1 expression does not involve endogenous IFN-β, STAT1, or STAT2, and inhibition of IL-27 does not appear to be mediated through PKA, exchange protein activated by cAMP, PI3K, or MAPKs. We observed similar inhibition of il27p28 expression in vivo in splenic DC following administration of dimethyl PGE2 in conjunction with LPS. Based on the anti-inflammatory role of IL-27 in cDC and through the generation of Tr1 cells, we propose that the PGE2-induced inhibition of IL-27 in activated cDC represents an important additional mechanism for its in vivo proinflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Hooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46202
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Kate M Rahbari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46202
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Doina Ganea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140;
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Liat S, Rivka M, Pini M, Hagar L, Lee S, Ella R, Shamgar BE. Reducing liver metastases of colon cancer in the context of extensive and minor surgeries through β-adrenoceptors blockade and COX2 inhibition. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:91-98. [PMID: 27235931 PMCID: PMC5497122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases are a major cause of colorectal cancer death, and the perioperative period is believed to critically affect the metastatic process. Here we tested whether blocking excess release of catecholamines and prostaglandins during surgical procedures of different extent can reduce experimental liver metastasis of the syngeneic CT26 colon cancer in female and male BALB/c mice. Animals were either treated with the beta-blocker, propranolol, the COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac, both drugs, or vehicle. The role of NK cells in controlling CT26 hepatic metastasis and in mediating the effect of the drugs was assessed by in vivo depletion or stimulation of NK cells, using anti-asialo GM1 or CpG-C, respectively. Surgical extent was manipulated by adding laparotomy to small incision, extending surgical duration, and enabling hypothermia. The results indicated that combined administration of propranolol and etodolac, but neither drug alone, significantly improved host resistance to metastasis. These beneficial effects occurred in both minor and extensive surgeries, in both sexes, and in two tumor inoculation approaches. NK cell-mediated anti-CT26 activity is involved in mediating the beneficial effects of the drugs. Specifically, CpG-C treatment, known to profoundly activate mice marginating-hepatic NK cytotoxicity, reduced CT26 hepatic metastases; and NK-depletion increased metastases and prevented the beneficial effects of the drugs. Overall, given prevalent perioperative psychological and physiological stress responses in patients, and ample prostaglandin release by colorectal tumors and injured tissue, propranolol and etodolac could be tested clinically in laparoscopic and open colorectal surgeries, attempting to reduce patients' metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben-Eliyahu Shamgar
- Corresponding author at: Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. (S. Ben-Eliyahu)
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Boutaud O, Sosa IR, Amin T, Oram D, Adler D, Hwang HS, Crews BC, Milne G, Harris BK, Hoeksema M, Knollmann BC, Lammers PE, Marnett LJ, Massion PP, Oates JA. Inhibition of the Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2 By Low-Dose Aspirin: Implications for Adenocarcinoma Metastasis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:855-865. [PMID: 27554763 PMCID: PMC5093073 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of developing adenocarcinoma metastasis, and when colon cancer is detected during aspirin treatment, there is a remarkable 83% reduction in risk of metastasis. As platelets participate in the metastatic process, the antiplatelet action of low-dose aspirin likely contributes to its antimetastatic effect. Cycloxooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) also contributes to metastasis, and we addressed the hypothesis that low-dose aspirin also inhibits PGE2 biosynthesis. We show that low-dose aspirin inhibits systemic PGE2 biosynthesis by 45% in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001). Aspirin is found to be more potent in colon adenocarcinoma cells than in the platelet, and in lung adenocarcinoma cells, its inhibition is equivalent to that in the platelet. Inhibition of COX by aspirin in colon cancer cells is in the context of the metastasis of colon cancer primarily to the liver, the organ exposed to the same high concentrations of aspirin as the platelet. We find that the interaction of activated platelets with lung adenocarcinoma cells upregulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 biosynthesis, and inhibition of platelet COX-1 by aspirin inhibits PGE2 production by the platelet-tumor cell aggregates. In conclusion, low-dose aspirin has a significant effect on extraplatelet cyclooxygenase and potently inhibits COX-2 in lung and colon adenocarcinoma cells. This supports a hypothesis that the remarkable prevention of metastasis from adenocarcinomas, and particularly from colon adenocarcinomas, by low-dose aspirin results from its effect on platelet COX-1 combined with inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in metastasizing tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 855-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - I. Romina Sosa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Taneem Amin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Denise Oram
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - David Adler
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Hyun S. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Bradford K. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Megan Hoeksema
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Philip E. Lammers
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Department of Cancer Biology, the Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
| | - John A. Oates
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602
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50
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Polymorphisms in the prostaglandin receptor EP2 gene confers susceptibility to tuberculosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 46:23-27. [PMID: 27780787 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator of the inflammatory immune response during acute and chronic infections. PGE2 modulates a variety of immune functions via four receptors (EP1-EP4), which mediate distinct PGE2 effects. Mice lacking EP2 are more susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), have a higher bacterial load, and increase size and number of granulomatous lesions. Our aim was to assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EP2 increase the risk of tuberculosis. METHODS DNA re-sequencing revealed five common EP2 variants in the Chinese Han population. We sequenced the EP2 gene from 600 patients and 572 healthy controls to measure SNP frequencies in association with tuberculosis infections (TB) within the population. RESULTS The rs937337 polymorphism is associated with increased risk to tuberculosis (p=0.0044, odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidential interval,1.22-2.27). The rs937337 AA genotype and the rs1042618 CC genotype were significantly associated with TB. An estimation of the frequencies of haplotypes revealed a single protective haplotype GACGC for tuberculosis (p=0.00096, odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidential interval, 0.41-0.77). Furthermore, we determined that the remaining SNPs of EP2 were nominally associated with clinical patterns of disease. CONCLUSIONS We identified genetic polymorphisms in EP2 associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis within a Chinese population. Our data support that EP2 SNPs are genetic predispositions of increased susceptibility to TB and to different clinical patterns of disease.
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