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Chen X, Pan H, Li J, Zhang G, Cheng S, Zuo N, Zhao Q, Peng Z. Inhibition of myeloid differentiation 1 specifically in colon with antisense oligonucleotide exacerbates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16888-16899. [PMID: 31104313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD-1), also known as lymphocyte antigen 86 (Ly86), is a soluble protein homologous to MD-2 and forms a complex with radioprotective 105 (RP105). RP105/MD-1 complex negatively regulates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and is involved in several immune disorders. However, the precise role of MD-1 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains poorly understood. To further investigate the involvement of MD-1 in IBD, we inhibited MD-1 in colon with antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) and assessed the effect of MD-1 inhibition on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We discovered that MD-1 protein expression was remarkably decreased in both patients with ulcerative colitis and mice with DSS-induced colitis. For the first time, we showed that oral administration of MD-1 AS-ODN to mice significantly suppressed the MD-1 protein levels in colon rather than systemic tissues. Subsequently, we found that MD-1 AS-ODN treated mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis based on loss of body weight, colon length, histological scores, and disease activity index. MD-1 inhibition also significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokines production such as IL-6 and IL-1β in colons. Finally, mice treated with MD-1 AS-ODN exhibited increased messenger RNA levels of TLR4 and MyD88 after DSS exposure and showed enhanced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation compared with the control. Taken together, specifically suppression of MD-1 in colon tissues with AS-ODN exacerbates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice, which is possibly related to activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhe Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zuo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Xiong X, Liu Y, Mei Y, Peng J, Wang Z, Kong B, Zhong P, Xiong L, Quan D, Li Q, Wang G, Huang H. Novel Protective Role of Myeloid Differentiation 1 in Pathological Cardiac Remodelling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41857. [PMID: 28165494 PMCID: PMC5292962 DOI: 10.1038/srep41857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD-1), a secreted protein interacting with radioprotective 105 (RP105), plays an important role in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway. Previous studies showed that MD-1 may be restricted in the immune system. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that MD-1 was highly expressed in both human and animal hearts. We also discovered that cardiac-specific overexpression of MD-1 significantly attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction, whereas loss of MD-1 had the opposite effects. Similar results were observed for in vitro angiotensin II-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The antihypertrophic effects of MD-1 under hypertrophic stimuli were associated with the blockage of MEK-ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signalling. Blocking MEK-ERK 1/2 signalling with a pharmacological inhibitor (U0126) greatly attenuated the detrimental effects observed in MD-1 knockout cardiomyocytes exposed to angiotensin II stimuli. Similar results were observed by blocking NF-κB signalling with a pharmacological inhibitor (BAY11–7082). Our data indicate that MD-1 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and suppresses cardiac dysfunction during the remodelling process, which is dependent on its modulation of the MEK-ERK 1/2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. Thus, MD-1 might be a novel target for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojv Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jianye Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Dajun Quan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
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Pan H, Zhang G, Zhang L, Wang W, Shang J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Li J. MD-1 deficiency attenuates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis through modulating the function of colonic lamina propria dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Xia MJ, Shan J, Li YP, Zhou YN, Guo YJ, Sun GX, Wu WQ, Feng L. Adoptive transfusion of tolerant dendritic cells prolong the survival of renal allografts: a systematic review. J Evid Based Med 2013; 6:250-64. [PMID: 24325419 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of transfusing Tol-DCs induced by different methods on renal transplantation and survival time. METHOD PubMed and EMbase were searched for relevant articles from inception to July 20(th), 2013. Renal allograft survival time was regarded as the endpoint outcome. The effects of Tol-DCs on renal transplantation were evaluated semi-quantitatively. RESULTS Sixteen articles were included. There were three sources of Tol-DCs, including bone marrow, spleen, and thoracic duct lymph node. Rats were administrated cells intravenously and 83% of mice through the portal vein. Four subtypes of bone marrow Tol-DCs enhanced renal allograft time: immature DCs enhanced allograft survival 4.9-fold in rats and 2.0-fold in mice, gene modified DCs enhanced allograft survival 4.4-fold in rats and 2.2-fold in mice, and drug and cytokine induced enhanced allograft survival 2.9-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, in rats. Tol-DCs from the spleen and thoracic duct lymph nodes prolonged allograft survival 2.7-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively, in rats. 1-2 × 10(6) doses of Tol-DCs extended the survival time of rats following renal transplantation. The key mechanisms by which Tol-DCs enhance allograft and overall survival included: (i) inducing T-cell hyporeactivity; (ii) reducing the effects of cytotoxic lymphocytes; and (iii) inducing Th2 differentiation. CONCLUSION Bone marrow Tol-DCs can extend allograft survival and induce immune tolerance in fully MHC-mismatched renal transplantation in rats and mice. The effects of imDCs and gene modified Tol-DCs in mice are less marked. In conclusion, a single-injection of 1-2 × 10(6) doses of bone marrow Tol-DCs (i.v.), in combination with an immune-suppressor, a co-stimulator, and accessory cells can significantly extend renal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Juan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the National Health and family Planning Committee of China, Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
The membrane glycoprotein CD200, which has a widespread but defined distribution and a structurally similar receptor (CD200R) that transmits an inhibitory signal to cells of the hematopoetic lineage, especially myeloid cells, has been characterized. CD200R expression is restricted predominantly to cells of the myeloid lineage indicating that this ligand/receptor pair has a specific role in controlling myeloid cell function. In addition to CD200R, several related genes have been identified. Whether these gene products also regulate immune function is controversial. CD200R is also expressed by certain subsets of T cells and CD200 may be expressed by antigen-presenting cells, adding additional layers of complexity to the CD200/CD200R axis. Because monocytic myeloid cells provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune response, mechanisms to control their function through receptors such as CD200R will have therapeutic potential. Regulation of immune responses is accomplished by the concerted, but opposing, activity of kinases and phosphatases, fine control often being achieved through paired receptors. In this review, we will consider whether CD200R signaling functions within a framework of paired activating and inhibitory receptors and whether the inhibitory signal delivered has functional consequences beyond inhibition of myeloid cell proinflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Minas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Janet Liversidge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
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Zhang X, Chen BC, Xiang FL, Chang S, Zhou HM, Du DF, Yuan J, Chen ZK. Inhibition of MD-1 expression by immunosuppressants or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on skin allograft survival in mice. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1965-7. [PMID: 15919519 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibition of MD-1 expression using nonspecific immunosuppressants and specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) treatment on skin allograft survival in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 to Balb/c skin allograft model was used in all groups, followed by Cyclosporine (CsA), Tacrolimus (FK506), Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF), and Sirolimus (SRL) intraperitaneally, as well as AS-ODNs intravenously. Recipients were humanely killed at 11 days after transplantation. MD-1 expression was determined using flow cytometric analysis (FACS). AlamarBlue was used to evaluate proliferation. And serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared with saline controls, the mean survival times (MST) of skin allografts in all of the immunosuppressants and AS-ODNs treated groups were significantly prolonged (P < .05). CsA, MMF, and AS-ODNs inhibited MD-1 expression and lymphocyte proliferation, as well as decreased serum level of IL-2 and increased that of IL-10; FK506, treatment showed all the effects mentioned above but up-regulated the IL-10 level; SRL had no significant influence on either MD-1 expression or IL-2 and IL-10 level, although it equally suppressed the proliferation (P < .05 vs controls). The negative correlation between MD-1 expression and lymphocyte proliferation or IL-2 level was significant, as was the positive correlation between it and IL-10 level (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS CsA, FK506, MMF, and AS-ODNs can efficiently inhibit MD-1 expression. The effects of the immunosuppressants are seemingly associated with the down-regulation of the IL-2 serum level. MD-1 was theorized to play an important role in rejection promotion, although the precise relationship between it and allograft survival still remains ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, PR China
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Clark DA, Manuel J, Lee L, Chaouat G, Gorczynski RM, Levy GA. Ecology of Danger-dependent Cytokine-boosted Spontaneous Abortion in the CBA × DBA/2 Mouse Model. I. Synergistic Effect of LPS and (TNF-α + IFN-γ) on Pregnancy Loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 52:370-8. [PMID: 15663602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Previous data have shown "danger" signals, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acting via toll-like (tlr) receptors are required for early pregnancy failure in several murine abortion models. Indeed, the abortion rate increased in the CBA x DBA/2 model after a gestation day (gd) 7.5 injection of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha + interferon (IFN)-gamma only if the LPS-tlr signalling pathway was intact. High rates of cytokine-boosted abortion >80% loss can be achieved in certain animal colonies, that have a high endogenous (spontaneous) rate of resorption (30-50%). A specific role for LPS has been postulated to determine both the endogenous and cytokine-boosted losses. METHODS To test the role of LPS in spontaneous and cytokine-boosted abortions, recombinant TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma, and LPS were injected in different doses and sequences intraperitoneally (i.p.) into CBA x DBA/2 mated mice in the Toronto General Research Institute animal facility where the endogenous abortion rate is <30%. The effects of poly IC, a tlr3 agonist that induces IFN-gamma that can reverse LPS-induced tolerance, and effects of anti-MD-1 on TNF-alpha induction by LPS, poly IC, CPG, or HSP in vitro were also examined. RESULTS A high endogenous rate of loss similar to that seen in Clamart could be achieved by increasing exposure to LPS on the morning after mating (gd 0.5). The magnitude by which the abortion rate could be increased by an i.p. injection of 2000 u TNF-alpha + 1000 u IFN-gamma on gd 7.5 was independent of the endogenous rate of loss, and could not be increased by doubling the dose. One microgram of LPS given on day 7.5 achieved a similar rate of loss, and if given with the cytokines, synergistically boosted the rate of loss to near Clamart rates. LPS given 1 day prior to the cytokines abrogated the cytokine effect, whereas LPS given day 0.5 had no significant effect on the response to day 7.5 cytokine injection. Blocking MD-1 inhibited TNF-alpha stimulation by poly IC, LPS, CPG, or HSP in vitro, and reduced abortion rates. Poly IC did not avert LPS-type tolerance effects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS High endogenous rates of abortion in the CBA x DBA/2 model may be explained by exposure to LPS at the time of mating. Increased rates of loss triggered by cytokines later in pregnancy may depend on increased absorption of LPS from intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Room 3V39, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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8
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Hill JA, Ichim TE, Kusznieruk KP, Li M, Huang X, Yan X, Zhong R, Cairns E, Bell DA, Min WP. Immune modulation by silencing IL-12 production in dendritic cells using small interfering RNA. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:691-6. [PMID: 12847235 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference is a mechanism of posttranscriptional gene silencing that functions in most eukaryotic cells, including human and mouse. Specific gene silencing is mediated by short strands of duplex RNA of approximately 21 nt in length (termed small interfering RNA or siRNA) that target the cognate mRNA sequence for degradation. We demonstrate here that RNAi can be used for immune modulation by targeting dendritic cell (DC) gene expression. Transfection of DC with siRNA specific for the IL-12 p35 gene resulted in potent suppression of gene expression and blockade of bioactive IL-12 p70 production without affecting unrelated genes or cellular viability. Inhibition of IL-12 was associated with increased IL-10 production, which endowed the DC with the ability to stimulate production of Th2 cytokines from allogenic T cells in vitro. Furthermore, siRNA-silenced DC lacking IL-12 production were poor allostimulators in MLR. IL-12-silenced and KLH-pulsed DC polarized the immune response toward a Th2 cytokine profile in an Ag-specific manner. These data are the first to demonstrate that RNA interference is a potent and specific tool for modulating DC-mediated immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Gene Silencing/immunology
- Hemocyanins/genetics
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p35
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protein Subunits/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Clark DA, Yu G, Arck PC, Levy GA, Gorczynski RM. MD-1 is a critical part of the mechanism causing Th1-cytokine-triggered murine fetal loss syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 49:297-307. [PMID: 12854734 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Fetal loss syndrome (abortion/resorption) occurring on or after gestation day (gd) 9.5 in CBA/JxDBA/2 matings is dependent upon presence of TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma, which act by increasing expression of fg12 prothrombinase at the feto-maternal interface. The magnitude by which the abortion rate can be boosted by an injection of these cytokines on gd 7.5 depends on endogenous rate of loss, and appears to depend on microbial flora. Is cytokine-triggered abortion dependent upon a third signaling pathway that senses 'danger'? METHODS Female CBA/J were mated to DBA/2 males and, C57B1/6 and C57B1/6 TNFalphaR1-/-Mak were mated to C57B1/6 control or TNFalphaR1-/-Mak males. LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, or the combination of TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma, was injected to stimulate abortions. The effect of anti-MD-1, which interferes with expression of CD14 and, hence, with signaling by LPS via the CD14-tlr4 complex, on TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma was tested. The presence of MD-1 in the uterus was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mice lacking TNF-alphaR1 was tested. RESULTS Anti-MD-1 completely abrogated TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma-induced abortions. MD-1 was expressed on trophoblast and in deciduas on gd 8.5 but LPS could not abort mice that lacked the type 1 receptor for TNF-alpha. Pregnant CBA/J females had classical resorptions (abortions) countable on gd 13.5-14.5 in response to LPS from E. coli or S. enteritidis, but C57B1/6 strain mice resorbed only in response to the latter, and E. coli LPS appeared to induce 'occult' losses. 'Occult' loss did not require TNF-alphaR1. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma could not induce murine abortions without co-presence of a 'danger' signal such as LPS acting via CD14 on toll receptors, and LPS could not act without co-signaling by TNF-alpha. Classical resorptions/abortions and 'occult' losses have a different mechanism in these models as reflected in type of endotoxin and requirement for TNF-alphaR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Gorczynski RM, Hadidi S, Yu G, Clark DA. The same immunoregulatory molecules contribute to successful pregnancy and transplantation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 48:18-26. [PMID: 12322892 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM At least two dendritic cell-associated molecules have been shown to contribute to the successful outcome of organ and tissue allografts in mice, namely CD200 and MD-1. CD200 is up-regulated in rodent transplantation models where successful inhibition of rejection is accomplished, and is believed to signal immunosuppression following engagement of a receptor, CD200R, on macrophages and/or gammadelta T-cell receptor (gammadelta TCR+ cells MD-1 is implicated in controlling expression of costimulatory molecules including CD80/CD86 which induce an immunorejection response, and thus inhibition of MD-1 expression also facilitates increased graft survival MD-1 also stabilizes expression of CD14, part of the receptor complex for LPS. As well as the inhibition of rejection which follows blockade of MD-1 expression and/or augmentation of CD200 expression, an altered polarization in cytokine production is seen, with increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and decreased IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor nerosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Successful pregnancy in allopregnant mice also depends upon control of graft rejection mechanisms. Proinflammatory T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + IL-1) have been shown to cause spontaneous abortion in mice by activating a novel prothrombinase, fibrinogen-like peptide (fibroleukin) fgl2, which may promote fibrin deposition in the graft rejection process; expression of IL-10, TGF-beta, and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in contrast leads to lowering of abortion rates. Interestingly, the spontaneous abortion rates in abortion-prone CBA x DBA/2 matings and in the low abortion rate CBA x BALB/c matings were lower than the frequency of implantation sites showing fibrin(hi) + fgl2 (mRNA)hi, implying regulation of the pro-abortion consequences of fgl2 expression. METHODS We have investigated, by in situ hybridization, CD200, MD-1 and fgl2 expression in implantation sites in different strains of mice, and studied the effects of anti-MD-1, anti-CD200 and CD200Fc immunoadhesin on fetal and allograft survival. The role of indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) was evaluated. RESULTS CD200 mRNA expression occurred in the same sites as fgl2 mRNA. Anti-CD200 antibody raised the abortion rate to predicted levels, and infusion of a CD200 immunoadhesin reduced the abortion rate, as did an anti-MD-1 antibody. The latter also improved organ and tissue graft survival. Suppression by antigen-presenting macrophages triggered by CD200 is dependent upon intact IDO activity. CONCLUSION Regulation of CD200 and MD-1 expression may control both pregnancy and allograft survival.
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Hadidi S, Chen Z, Phillips J, Yu K, Gorczynski RM. Antisense deoxyoligonucleotides or antibodies to murine MD-1 inhibit rejection of allogeneic and xenogeneic skin grafts in C3H mice. Transplantation 2002; 73:1771-9. [PMID: 12085000 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200206150-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression of murine MD-1, a molecule controlling expression of members of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family of signaling proteins, regulates antigen-presenting cell-induced alloreactions. We investigated the effect of treatment with antisense deoxyoligonucleotides or antibodies to MD-1 in vivo on allogeneic and xenogeneic skin graft survival and the immune responses in transplanted mice. METHODS C3H mice received C57BL/6 or Lewis rat skin grafts, followed by i.v. injections of anti-MD-1 antibody or antisense oligonucleotides or control reagents at 48-hr intervals. Survival was monitored. In separate studies, mice were sacrificed at 5-day intervals. Serum was analyzed for circulating MD-1 antigen, and peritoneal cells for surface expression of MD-1. The proliferative and cytolytic response of lymphocytes harvested from treated animals and restimulated in vitro with allo- or xenogeneic cells, and the cytokines produced, was measured. Graft histology was assessed at 11 days after transplantation. RESULTS Treatment with anti-MD-1 oligonucleotides or antibodies suppressed rejection of both xeno- and allogeneic grafts, decreased induction of graft-specific cytotoxic T cells, increased production of type-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and decreased production of type-1 cytokines (IL-2 and interferon-gamma). Serum levels of MD-1 were suppressed, as was expression of MD-1 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Grafts from MD-1-treated mice showed little lymphocyte infiltration, and no signs of graft necrosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a critical in vivo role for MD-1 expression in regulating graft rejection, as well as in the concomitant sensitization of T cells and their cytokine production profile, which parallels the rejection response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/blood
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Graft Rejection/therapy
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Hadidi
- Toronto General Hospital, Transplant Research Division, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, M5G 2C4 Ontario, Canada
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12
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Clark DA, Chaouat G, Gorczynski RM. Thinking outside the box: mechanisms of environmental selective pressures on the outcome of the materno-fetal relationship. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 47:275-82. [PMID: 12148542 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Study of mechanisms causing spontaneous abortion of the vascularized placenta have focused primarily on the feto-maternal immunological relationship within the pregnant mother. The Th1 cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha + interferon (IFN)-gamma derived in part from natural killer (NK) and NKgammadeltaT cells have been implicated in causing abortion via up-regulation of the novel prothrombinase fgl2 at the feto-maternal interface; Th2/3 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), and TGF-beta2 derived from gammadeltaT cells stimulated by embryo antigens in the context of the OX-2 (CD200) tolerance signal have been viewed as counteracting the Th1 effect. These mechanisms are distinct from those causing and preventing occult pregnancy loss during the periimplantation phase of pregnancy prior to development of a vascularized placenta. Spontaneous abortions in the CBA/J x DBA/2 can be boosted by injecting TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma, but the boosted abortion rates can range from < or = 30 to > 80%, depending on the loss rate in uninjected mice, and this is not explainable by the endogenous level of these cytokines. Furthermore, there is a poor correlation between Th1/Th2.3 cytokine ratios and abortion rates. Could there be a third factor involved, and if so, what might this mean? METHODS Known precipitants of recurrent abortion in mice were reviewed with particular attention to stress and endotoxin absorption. The effect of antagonizing the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) was tested. Data on environmental selective pressures were considered (i.e. thinking outside the 'box', which typifies the conventional approach to thinking about materno-fetal interactions). RESULTS Th1 cytokine-triggered abortions appear to depend on availability/presence of LPS. CONCLUSIONS Environmental selective pressures are implicated in eliminating 'genetically weaker' embryos in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Nagai Y, Shimazu R, Ogata H, Akashi S, Sudo K, Yamasaki H, Hayashi SI, Iwakura Y, Kimoto M, Miyake K. Requirement for MD-1 in cell surface expression of RP105/CD180 and B-cell responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. Blood 2002; 99:1699-705. [PMID: 11861286 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.5.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RP105 is a B-cell surface molecule that has been recently assigned as CD180. RP105 ligation with an antibody induces B-cell activation in humans and mice, leading to proliferation and up-regulation of a costimulatory molecule, B7.2/CD86. RP105 is associated with an extracellular molecule, MD-1. RP105/MD-1 has structural similarity to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2. TLR4 signals a membrane constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MD-2 is indispensable for TLR4-dependent LPS responses because cells expressing TLR4/MD-2, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS. RP105 also has a role in LPS responses because B cells lacking RP105 show hyporesponsiveness to LPS. Little is known, however, regarding whether MD-1 is important for RP105-dependent LPS responses, as MD-2 is for TLR4. To address the issue, we developed mice lacking MD-1 and generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the protein. MD-1-null mice showed impairment in LPS-induced B-cell proliferation, antibody production, and B7.2/CD86 up-regulation. These phenotypes are similar to those of RP105-null mice. The similarity was attributed to the absence of cell surface RP105 on MD-1-null B cells. MD-1 is indispensable for cell surface expression of RP105. A role for MD-1 in LPS responses was further studied with anti-mouse MD-1 mAbs. In contrast to highly mitogenic anti-RP105 mAbs, the mAbs to MD-1 were not mitogenic but antagonistic on LPS-induced B-cell proliferation and on B7.2 up-regulation. Collectively, MD-1 is important for RP105 with respect to B-cell surface expression and LPS recognition and signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Drug Interactions
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Spleen/cytology
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14
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Hadidi S, Yu K, Chen Z, Gorczynski RM. Preparation and functional properties of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to murine MD-1. Immunol Lett 2001; 77:97-103. [PMID: 11377703 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabbits, rats and hamsters were immunized with KLH-coupled synthetic peptide sequences of the murine MD-1 molecule. Serum from immunized animals bound in Western gels to a 25 KDa protein extracted from LPS stimulated mouse spleen cells, as did a rat hybridoma (SH1.2.47) prepared from peptide-immunized rats. CHO cells transfected with a plasmid cDNA construct encoding murine MD-1, the target antigen for the antibodies in question, were also stained (in FACS) by the same antibodies. Patching and capping of the antigen(s) detected by any one of these sera abolished binding of all antibodies in subsequent FACS analysis, consistent with the hypothesis that they all detected the same antigen. In a final study to assess the possible involvement of MD-1 in regulation of cell activation for cytokine production following allostimulation, we found that all of the antibodies inhibited IL-2 and IFNgamma production, while enhancing IL-4 and IL-10 production, in mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Blotting, Western
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Flow Cytometry
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Immune Sera/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spleen/cytology
- Staining and Labeling
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hadidi
- Transplant Research Division, CCRW 2-855 The Toronto Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Ont., M5G 2C4, Toronto, Canada
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