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Aries M, Cook M, Hensley-McBain T. A Pilot Study to Investigate Peripheral Low-Level Chronic LPS Injection as a Model of Neutrophil Activation in the Periphery and Brain in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5357. [PMID: 38791393 PMCID: PMC11120811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) inflammation is used as model to understand the role of inflammation in brain diseases. However, no studies have assessed the ability of peripheral low-level chronic LPS to induce neutrophil activation in the periphery and brain. Subclinical levels of LPS were injected intraperitoneally into mice to investigate its impacts on neutrophil frequency and activation. Neutrophil activation, as measured by CD11b expression, was higher in LPS-injected mice compared to saline-injected mice after 4 weeks but not 8 weeks of injections. Neutrophil frequency and activation increased in the periphery 4-12 h and 4-8 h after the fourth and final injection, respectively. Increased levels of G-CSF, TNFa, IL-6, and CXCL2 were observed in the plasma along with increased neutrophil elastase, a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps, peaking 4 h following the final injection. Neutrophil activation was increased in the brain of LPS-injected mice when compared to saline-injected mice 4-8 h after the final injection. These results indicate that subclinical levels of peripheral LPS induces neutrophil activation in the periphery and brain. This model of chronic low-level systemic inflammation could be used to understand how neutrophils may act as mediators of the periphery-brain axis of inflammation with age and/or in mouse models of neurodegenerative or neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Aries
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA; (M.A.)
| | - Makayla Cook
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA; (M.A.)
| | - Tiffany Hensley-McBain
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA; (M.A.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine Montana, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
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2
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Nawal RR, Yadav S, Duncan HF, Talwar S, Kaushik A, Singh VK, Koner BC. Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers; Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38703070 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM The success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) procedures is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the pulpal inflammatory condition. Compared with current subjective pulpal diagnostic tests, inflammatory molecular biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis represent potential objective indicators of the degree of pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify level of inflammatory biomarkers - Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α in patients diagnosed with reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IR) and normal pulp (NP) and investigate their diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy and inflamed conditions. METHODOLOGY This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 72 patients aged 14-53 years with extremely deep carious lesions after establishing a clinical diagnosis of RP (n = 42), symptomatic IR (n = 22) and NP (n = 8). 50 μL of pulpal blood sample was collected from all the patients using a micropipette after pulpal exposure. The level of IL-8 and TNF-α was assessed in pg/mL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to establish the association between IL-8/TNF-α level and degree of pulp inflammation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to calculate area under the curve (AUC) for RP versus IR. Cut-off values were established using Youden's index. RESULTS IL-8 and TNF-α levels differed significantly between RP and IR groups (p ≤ .001). The median value of IL-8 in RP and IP groups was 259.8 pg/mL [187.5-310.0] and 1357.8 pg/mL [1036.7-2177.6] respectively. The AUC-ROC curve for RP versus IR was 0.997 with 95.5% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity. The median value of TNF-α in RP and IR groups was 75.4 pg/mL [62.7-95.8] and 157.6 pg/mL [94.1-347.3]. The AUC-ROC curve for TNF-α was 0.812 with a sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% and 92.1%, respectively. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were below detection levels for all NP samples. CONCLUSION This study showed that pulpal blood could provide an excellent medium for establishing pulpal diagnosis under extremely deep carious lesions. The selected cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance for reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Future studies should correlate the IL-8/TNF-α levels with VPT treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishvarya Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidhan C Koner
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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3
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Infante Cruz A, Coronel JV, Saibene Vélez P, Remes Lenicov F, Iturrizaga J, Abelleyro M, Rosato M, Shiromizu CM, Candolfi M, Vermeulen M, Jancic C, Yasuda E, Berner S, Villaverde MS, Salamone GV. Relevance of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin on the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma: Role of the Neutrophil. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:31. [PMID: 38557942 PMCID: PMC10984908 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most predominant and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine primarily generated by activated epithelial cells, has recently garnered attention in cancer research. This study was aimed to elucidate the significance of TSLP in GBM cells and its interplay with the immune system, particularly focused on granulocyte neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that the tumor produces TSLP when stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in both the U251 cell line and the GBM biopsy (GBM-b). The relevance of the TSLP function was evaluated using a 3D spheroid model. Spheroids exhibited increased diameter, volume, and proliferation. In addition, TSLP promoted the generation of satellites surrounding the main spheroids and inhibited apoptosis in U251 treated with temozolomide (TMZ). Additionally, the co-culture of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells from healthy donors with the U251 cell line in the presence of TSLP showed a reduction in apoptosis and an increase in IL-8 production. TSLP directly inhibited apoptosis in PMN from GBM patients (PMN-p). Interestingly, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production was elevated in PMN-p compared with PMN from healthy donors. Under these conditions, TSLP also increased VEGF production, in PMN from healthy donors. Moreover, TSLP upregulated programed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) expression in PMN cultured with U251. On the other hand, according to our results, the analysis of RNA-seq datasets from Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform performed with TIMER2.0 webserver demonstrated that the combination of TSLP with neutrophils decreases the survival of the patient. In conclusion, our results position TSLP as a possible new growth factor in GBM and indicate its modulation of the tumor microenvironment, particularly through its interaction with PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Infante Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Valentin Coronel
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Saibene Vélez
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Iturrizaga
- División Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Abelleyro
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Rosato
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Maiumi Shiromizu
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Yasuda
- Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Berner
- Servicio de Neurocirugía de la Clínica y Maternidad Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Solange Villaverde
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Verónica Salamone
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lim SK, Lin WC, Huang SW, Pan YC, Hu CW, Mou CY, Hu CMJ, Mou KY. Bacteria colonization in tumor microenvironment creates a favorable niche for immunogenic chemotherapy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:416-428. [PMID: 38225455 PMCID: PMC10897177 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents differential selective pressure (DSP) that favors the growth of cancer cells, and monovalent therapy is often inadequate in reversing the cancer cell dominance in the TME. In this work, we introduce bacteria as a foreign species to the TME and explore combinatorial treatment strategies to alter DSP for tumor eradication. We show that cancer-selective chemotherapeutic agents and fasting can provide a strong selection pressure against tumor growth in the presence of bacteria. Moreover, we show that an immunogenic drug (oxaliplatin), but not a non-immunogenic one (5-FU), synergizes with the bacteria to activate both the innate and adaptive immunity in the TME, resulting in complete tumor remission and a sustained anti-tumor immunological memory in mice. The combination of oxaliplatin and bacteria greatly enhances the co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which in turn bridge the cytotoxic T cells for cancer-cell killing. Our findings indicate that rational combination of bacterial therapy and immunogenic chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity against the immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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5
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Ma F, Ghimire L, Ren Q, Fan Y, Chen T, Balasubramanian A, Hsu A, Liu F, Yu H, Xie X, Xu R, Luo HR. Gasdermin E dictates inflammatory responses by controlling the mode of neutrophil death. Nat Commun 2024; 15:386. [PMID: 38195694 PMCID: PMC10776763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Both lytic and apoptotic cell death remove senescent and damaged cells in living organisms. However, they elicit contrasting pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. The precise cellular mechanism that governs the choice between these two modes of death remains incompletely understood. Here we identify Gasdermin E (GSDME) as a master switch for neutrophil lytic pyroptotic death. The tightly regulated GSDME cleavage and activation in aging neutrophils are mediated by proteinase-3 and caspase-3, leading to pyroptosis. GSDME deficiency does not alter neutrophil overall survival rate; instead, it specifically precludes pyroptosis and skews neutrophil death towards apoptosis, thereby attenuating inflammatory responses due to augmented efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. In a clinically relevant acid-aspiration-induced lung injury model, neutrophil-specific deletion of GSDME reduces pulmonary inflammation, facilitates inflammation resolution, and alleviates lung injury. Thus, by controlling the mode of neutrophil death, GSDME dictates host inflammatory outcomes, providing a potential therapeutic target for infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Arumugam Balasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, PhD Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 811, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Prucsi Z, Zimny A, Płonczyńska A, Zubrzycka N, Potempa J, Sochalska M. Porphyromonas gingivalis Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase (PPAD) in the Context of the Feed-Forward Loop of Inflammation in Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12922. [PMID: 37629104 PMCID: PMC10454286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease caused by a changed dysbiotic oral microbiome. Although multiple species and risk factors are associated with periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified as a keystone pathogen. The immune-modulatory function of P. gingivalis is well characterized, but the mechanism by which this bacterium secretes peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD), a protein/peptide citrullinating enzyme, thus contributing to the infinite feed-forward loop of inflammation, is not fully understood. To determine the functional role of citrullination in periodontitis, neutrophils were stimulated by P. gingivalis bearing wild-type PPAD and by a PPAD mutant strain lacking an active enzyme. Flow cytometry showed that PPAD contributed to prolonged neutrophil survival upon bacterial stimulation, accompanied by the secretion of aberrant IL-6 and TNF-α. To further assess the complex mechanism by which citrullination sustains a chronic inflammatory state, the ROS production and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were evaluated. Flow cytometry and colony formation assays showed that PPAD obstructs the resolution of inflammation by promoting neutrophil survival and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while enhancing the resilience of the bacteria to phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Prucsi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zimny
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Płonczyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Zubrzycka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Lelliott PM, Hobro AJ, Pavillon N, Nishide M, Okita Y, Mizuno Y, Obata S, Nameki S, Yoshimura H, Kumanogoh A, Smith NI. Single-cell Raman microscopy with machine learning highlights distinct biochemical features of neutrophil extracellular traps and necrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10093. [PMID: 37344494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The defining biology that distinguishes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from other forms of cell death is unresolved, and techniques which unambiguously identify NETs remain elusive. Raman scattering measurement provides a holistic overview of cell molecular composition based on characteristic bond vibrations in components such as lipids and proteins. We collected Raman spectra from NETs and freeze/thaw necrotic cells using a custom built high-throughput platform which is able to rapidly measure spectra from single cells. Principal component analysis of Raman spectra from NETs clearly distinguished them from necrotic cells despite their similar morphology, demonstrating their fundamental molecular differences. In contrast, classical techniques used for NET analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, extracellular DNA, and ELISA, could not differentiate these cells. Additionally, machine learning analysis of Raman spectra indicated subtle differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced as opposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs, demonstrating the molecular composition of NETs varies depending on the stimulant used. This study demonstrates the benefits of Raman microscopy in discriminating NETs from other types of cell death and by their pathway of induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Michael Lelliott
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Alison Jane Hobro
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nicolas Pavillon
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Obata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nameki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nicholas Isaac Smith
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Institute (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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8
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Yi M, Zhang Z, Hui S, Peng W. Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease: Insights into central and peripheral immune cell crosstalk. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101831. [PMID: 36565960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly life-threatening neurodegenerative disease. Dysregulation of the immune system plays a critical role in promoting AD, which has attracted extensive attention recently. Central and peripheral immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Immune changes precede Aβ-associated senile plaque formation and tau-related neurofibrillary tangles, which are the recognised pathological features of AD. Therefore, elucidating immune-related mechanisms underlying the development of AD can help to prevent and treat AD at the source by blocking its progression before the development of pathological changes. To understand the specific pathogenesis of AD, it is important to examine the role of central and peripheral immunity in AD. This review summarises immune-related mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on the effect of various central and peripheral immune cells, and describes the possible crosstalk between central and peripheral immunity during the development of AD. This review provides novel insights into the treatment of AD and offers a new direction for immune-related research on AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- YangSheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
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9
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Niemietz I, Brown KL. Hyaluronan promotes intracellular ROS production and apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated neutrophils. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1032469. [PMID: 36814915 PMCID: PMC9939446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1032469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and has well-described roles in maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis. With inflammation, HA metabolism (synthesis and degradation) increases and results in higher concentrations of soluble HA. Previously, we demonstrated that (soluble) HA primed resting neutrophils for the oxidative burst in response to a secondary stimulus. Notably, HA-mediated priming was not dependent on degranulation, which is a hallmark of priming by classical agents such as TNFα. In this study, we queried the ability of HA to prime neutrophils to different stimuli and its capacity to modulate neutrophil function in the presence of TNFα. Methods Blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated ex vivo with HA in the absence and presence of classic neutrophil agonists, inclusive of TNFα. Western blotting was used to assess the activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK, and key neutrophil functions associated with priming and activation, such as intracellular and extracellular ROS production, degranulation, and apoptosis, were evaluated by standard chemiluminescence assays (ROS) and flow cytometry. Results Hyaluronan is capable of atypical priming and, with TNFα, co-priming neutrophils for an enhanced (rate and/or magnitude) oxidative burst to various secondary stimuli. In addition, HA can augment intracellular ROS production that is directly induced by TNFα in resting neutrophils, which coincided with the activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the extracellular matrix component HA is a key modulator of neutrophil function(s) in the presence of inflammatory agents such as TNFα. Moreover, it provides additional evidence for the diversity and complexity of neutrophil priming and activation during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niemietz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Hartel JC, Merz N, Grösch S. How sphingolipids affect T cells in the resolution of inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002915. [PMID: 36176439 PMCID: PMC9513432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of proper resolution of inflammation rather than counteracting it, gained a lot of attention in the past few years. Re-assembly of tissue and cell homeostasis as well as establishment of adaptive immunity after inflammatory processes are the key events of resolution. Neutrophiles and macrophages are well described as promotors of resolution, but the role of T cells is poorly reviewed. It is also broadly known that sphingolipids and their imbalance influence membrane fluidity and cell signalling pathways resulting in inflammation associated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis or diabetes. In this review we highlight the role of sphingolipids in T cells in the context of resolution of inflammation to create an insight into new possible therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Merz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sabine Grösch,
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11
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Kouyoumdjian A, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. TFNR2 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Rejection, and Tolerance in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903913. [PMID: 35874723 PMCID: PMC9300818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been shown to play a crucial role in CD4+ T regulatory cells (CD4+Tregs) expansion and suppressive function. Increasing evidence has also demonstrated its role in a variety of immune regulatory cell subtypes such as CD8+ T regulatory cells (CD8+ Tregs), B regulatory cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In solid organ transplantation, regulatory immune cells have been associated with decreased ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), improved graft survival, and improved overall outcomes. However, despite TNFR2 being studied in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there remains paucity of data in the context of solid organ transplantation and islet cell transplantation. Interestingly, TNFR2 signaling has found a clinical application in islet transplantation which could guide its wider use. This article reviews the current literature on TNFR2 expression in immune modulatory cells as well as IRI, cell, and solid organ transplantation. Our results highlighted the positive impact of TNFR2 signaling especially in kidney and islet transplantation. However, further investigation of TNFR2 in all types of solid organ transplantation are required as well as dedicated studies on its therapeutic use during induction therapy or treatment of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Kouyoumdjian
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Araz Kouyoumdjian,
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Hu CW, Chang YC, Liu CH, Yu YA, Mou KY. Development of a TNF-α-mediated Trojan Horse for Bacteria-based Cancer Therapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2522-2536. [PMID: 35440418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-α is up-regulated in a chronic inflammatory environment, including tumors, and has been recognized as a pro-tumor factor in many cancers. Applying the traditional TNF-α antibodies that neutralize the TNF-α activity, however, only exerts modest anti-tumor efficacy in the clinical studies. Here, we develop an innovative approach to target TNF-α that is distinct from the neutralization mechanism. We employed phage display and yeast display to select non-neutralizing antibodies that can piggyback on TNF-α and co-internalize into cells through the receptor ligation. When conjugating with toxins, the antibody exhibited cytotoxicity to cancer cells in a TNF-α-dependent manner. We further implemented the immunotoxin to an E. coli vehicle specially engineered for a high secretion level. In a syngeneic murine melanoma model, the bacteria stimulated the TNF-α expression that synergized with the secreted immunotoxin and greatly inhibited the tumor growth. The treatment also dramatically remodeled the tumor microenvironment in favor of several anti-tumor immune cells, including the N1 neutrophils, the M1 macrophages, and the activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. We anticipate that our new piggyback strategy is generalizable to target other soluble ligands and/or conjugate with different drugs for managing a diverse set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Chiun Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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13
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González‐Rodríguez MI, Nurminen N, Kummola L, Laitinen OH, Oikarinen S, Parajuli A, Salomaa T, Mäkelä I, Roslund MI, Sinkkonen A, Hyöty H, Junttila IS. Effect of inactivated nature‐derived microbial composition on mouse immune system. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e579. [PMID: 34873877 PMCID: PMC8926502 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hygiene hypothesis suggests that decrease in early life infections due to increased societal‐level hygiene standards subjects one to allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this report, we have studied the effect of sterilized forest soil and plant‐based material on mouse immune system and gut microbiome. Methods Inbred C57Bl/6 mice maintained in normal sterile environment were subjected to autoclaved forest soil‐derived powder in their bedding for 1 h a day for 3 weeks. Immune response was measured by immune cell flow cytometry, serum cytokine enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Furthermore, the mouse gut microbiome was analyzed by sequencing. Results When compared to control mice, mice treated with soil‐derived powder had decreased level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines namely interleukin (IL)−17F and IL‐21 in the serum. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice treated with soil‐derived powder expressed less IL‐1b, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) upon cell activation. Gut microbiome appeared to be stabilized by the treatment. Conclusions These results provide insights on the effect of biodiversity on murine immune system in sterile environment. Subjecting mice to soil‐based plant and microbe structures appears to elicit immune response that could be beneficial, for example, in type 2 inflammation‐related diseases, that is, allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Center for infectious medicine (CIM) Huddinge Sweden
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Iida Mäkelä
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies Natural Resources Institute Finland Finland
| | - Marja I. Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies Natural Resources Institute Finland Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
| | - Ilkka S. Junttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
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14
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Cambiasso MY, Gotfryd L, Stinson MG, Birolo S, Salamone G, Romanato M, Calvo JC, Fontana VA. Paternal alcohol consumption has intergenerational consequences in male offspring. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:441-459. [PMID: 35307778 PMCID: PMC8956782 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcoholism is a heterogeneous set of disorders caused by ethanol intake. Harmful effects of paternal consumption on the offspring are poorly explored and not fully understood. We analyzed the effect of paternal alcohol consumption on both their own reproductive capacity and that of their male offspring. METHODS We used a model of ethanol consumption (15% v/v in drinking water) for 12 days in adult CF-1 male mice. DNA integrity and post-translational modifications of histones were assessed in sperm; testicular weight, histology, and DNA fragmentation were analyzed. Treated or untreated male mice were mated with non-treated females to obtain two cell embryos that were cultured for 7 days; morphology and embryonic cell death were evaluated. Males of both groups were mated with non-treated females. Adult male offspring was euthanized, and sperm and testicular parameters determined. RESULTS Paternal ethanol consumption caused histological and epigenetic changes, as well as damage in DNA integrity in the testicular germline and sperm. These alterations gave rise to deleterious effects on embryonic development and to testicular and spermatic changes in the offspring. CONCLUSION This study provides critical information on reproductive disturbances brought about by paternal alcohol consumption and the profound impact these could have on the male progeny. The need to explore the effects of paternal alcohol consumption in detail and warn about the importance of controlling alcohol intake for the well-being of future generations should not be underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Yael Cambiasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Biología Y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Gotfryd
- CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales IQUIBICEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gabriel Stinson
- CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales IQUIBICEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Birolo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Salamone
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Romanato
- CONICET, Instituto de Biología Y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- CONICET, Instituto de Biología Y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Andrea Fontana
- CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales IQUIBICEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Caillon A, Trimaille A, Favre J, Jesel L, Morel O, Kauffenstein G. Role of neutrophils, platelets, and extracellular vesicles and their interactions in COVID-19-associated thrombopathy. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:17-31. [PMID: 34672094 PMCID: PMC8646423 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic extended all around the world causing millions of deaths. In addition to acute respiratory distress syndrome, many patients with severe COVID-19 develop thromboembolic complications associated to multiorgan failure and death. Here, we review evidence for the contribution of neutrophils, platelets, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the thromboinflammatory process in COVID-19. We discuss how the immune system, influenced by pro-inflammatory molecules, EVs, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), can be caught out in patients with severe outcomes. We highlight how the deficient regulation of the innate immune system favors platelet activation and induces a vicious cycle amplifying an immunothrombogenic environment associated with platelet/NET interactions. In light of these considerations, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies underlining the modulation of purinergic signaling as an interesting target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Caillon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonin Trimaille
- UMR INSERM 1260, CRBS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Favre
- INSERM, UMR S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRBS, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Jesel
- UMR INSERM 1260, CRBS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Morel
- UMR INSERM 1260, CRBS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Schweizer TA, Mairpady Shambat S, Vulin C, Hoeller S, Acevedo C, Huemer M, Gomez‐Mejia A, Chang C, Baum J, Hertegonne S, Hitz E, Scheier TC, Hofmaenner DA, Buehler PK, Moch H, Schuepbach RA, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Blunted sFasL signalling exacerbates TNF-driven neutrophil necroptosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1357. [PMID: 34938538 PMCID: PMC8665925 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are characterised by a severely dysregulated cytokine profile and elevated neutrophil counts, impacting disease severity. However, it remains unclear how neutrophils contribute to pathophysiology during COVID-19. Here, we assessed the impact of the dysregulated cytokine profile on the regulated cell death (RCD) programme of neutrophils. METHODS Regulated cell death phenotype of neutrophils isolated from critically ill COVID-19 patients or healthy donors and stimulated with COVID-19 or healthy plasma ex vivo was assessed by flow cytometry, time-lapse microscopy and cytokine multiplex analysis. Immunohistochemistry of COVID-19 patients and control biopsies were performed to assess the in situ neutrophil RCD phenotype. Plasma cytokine levels of COVID-19 patients and healthy donors were measured by multiplex analysis. Clinical parameters were correlated to cytokine levels of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS COVID-19 plasma induced a necroptosis-sensitive neutrophil phenotype, characterised by cell lysis, elevated release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), increased receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIPK) 1 levels and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) involvement. The occurrence of neutrophil necroptosis MLKL axis was further confirmed in COVID-19 thrombus and lung biopsies. Necroptosis was induced by the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFRI)/TNF-α axis. Moreover, reduction of soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) levels in COVID-19 patients and hence decreased signalling to Fas directly increased RIPK1 levels, exacerbated TNF-driven necroptosis and correlated with disease severity, which was abolished in patients treated with glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel role for sFasL signalling in the TNF-α-induced RCD programme in neutrophils during COVID-19 and a potential therapeutic target to curb inflammation and thus influence disease severity and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano A Schweizer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Clement Vulin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sylvia Hoeller
- Department of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Claudio Acevedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alejandro Gomez‐Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Chun‐Chi Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jeruscha Baum
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sanne Hertegonne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas C Scheier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel A Hofmaenner
- Institute for Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philipp K Buehler
- Institute for Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Reto A Schuepbach
- Institute for Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital of ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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17
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Lim J, Puan KJ, Wang LW, Teng KWW, Loh CY, Tan KP, Carissimo G, Chan YH, Poh CM, Lee CYP, Fong SW, Yeo NKW, Chee RSL, Amrun SN, Chang ZW, Tay MZ, Torres-Ruesta A, Leo Fernandez N, How W, Andiappan AK, Lee W, Duan K, Tan SY, Yan G, Kalimuddin S, Lye DC, Leo YS, Ong SWX, Young BE, Renia L, Ng LFP, Lee B, Rötzschke O. Data-Driven Analysis of COVID-19 Reveals Persistent Immune Abnormalities in Convalescent Severe Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710217. [PMID: 34867943 PMCID: PMC8640498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger uncontrolled innate and adaptive immune responses, which are commonly associated with lymphopenia and increased neutrophil counts. However, whether the immune abnormalities observed in mild to severely infected patients persist into convalescence remains unclear. Herein, comparisons were drawn between the immune responses of COVID-19 infected and convalescent adults. Strikingly, survivors of severe COVID-19 had decreased proportions of NKT and Vδ2 T cells, and increased proportions of low-density neutrophils, IgA+/CD86+/CD123+ non-classical monocytes and hyperactivated HLADR+CD38+ CD8+ T cells, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor A, long after virus clearance. Our study suggests potential immune correlates of "long COVID-19", and defines key cells and cytokines that delineate true and quasi-convalescent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Wei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Wei Weng Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Peng Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norman Leo Fernandez
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilson How
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Yan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean W. X. Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E. Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rötzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Ledo C, Gonzalez CD, Garofalo A, Sabbione F, Keitelman IA, Giai C, Stella I, Trevani AS, Gómez MI. Protein A Modulates Neutrophil and Keratinocyte Signaling and Survival in Response to Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:524180. [PMID: 33692774 PMCID: PMC7937904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.524180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 1 TNF-α receptor (TNFR1) has a central role in initiating both pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in neutrophils. Considering that TNFR1 signals Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA), the aim of this study was to explore the interaction of this bacterial surface protein with neutrophils and keratinocytes to underscore the signaling pathways that may determine the fate of these innate immune cells in the infected tissue during staphylococcal skin infections. Using human neutrophils cultured in vitro and isogenic staphylococcal strains expressing or not protein A, we demonstrated that SpA is a potent inducer of IL-8 in neutrophils and that the induction of this chemokine is dependent on the SpA-TNFR1 interaction and p38 activation. In addition to IL-8, protein A induced the expression of TNF-α and MIP-1α highlighting the importance of SpA in the amplification of the inflammatory response. Protein A contributed to reduce neutrophil mortality prolonging their lifespan upon the encounter with S. aureus. Signaling initiated by SpA modulated the type of neutrophil cell death in vitro and during skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in vivo triggering the apoptotic pathway instead of necrosis. Moreover, SpA induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes, modulating their survival in vitro and preventing the exacerbated necrosis and ulceration of the epithelium during SSTI in vivo. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the inflammatory signaling induced by protein A in neutrophils and skin epithelial cells. The ability of protein A to modulate the neutrophil/epithelial cell death program in the skin is of clinical relevance considering that lysis of neutrophils and epithelial cells will promote an intense inflammatory response and contribute to tissue damage, a non-desirable feature of complicated SSTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ledo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Maimonides, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia D Gonzalez
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ailin Garofalo
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene A Keitelman
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Stella
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S Trevani
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa I Gómez
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Maimonides, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Lee J, Lu Y, Oshins R, West J, Moneypenny CG, Han K, Brantly ML. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin-Deficient Macrophages Have Impaired Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574410. [PMID: 33329539 PMCID: PMC7714766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal co-dominant disorder characterized by a low level of circulating AAT, which significantly reduces protection for the lower airways against proteolytic burden caused by neutrophils. Neutrophils, which are terminally differentiated innate immune cells and play a critical role to clear pathogens, accumulate excessively in the lung of AATD individuals. The neutrophil burden in AATD individuals increases the risk for early-onset destructive lung diseases by producing neutrophil products such as reactive oxygen radicals and various proteases. The level of AAT in AATD individuals is not sufficient to inhibit the activity of neutrophil chemotactic factors such as CXCL-8 and LTB4, which could lead to alveolar neutrophil accumulation in AATD individuals. However, as neutrophils have a short lifespan, and apoptotic neutrophils are rapidly cleared by alveolar macrophages that outnumber the apoptotic neutrophils in the pulmonary alveolus, the increased chemotaxis activity does not fully explain the persistent neutrophil accumulation and the resulting chronic inflammation in AATD individuals. Here, we propose that the ability of alveolar macrophages to clear apoptotic neutrophils is impaired in AATD individuals and it could be the main driver to cause neutrophil accumulation in their lung. This study demonstrates that Z-AAT variant significantly increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including CXCL-8, CXCL1, LTB4, and TNFα in LPS-treated macrophages. These cytokines play a central role in neutrophil recruitment to the lung and in clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages. Our result shows that LPS treatment significantly reduces the efferocytosis ability of macrophages with the Z-AAT allele by inducing TNFα expression. We incubated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with apoptotic neutrophils and found that after 3 h of co-incubation, the expression level of CXCL-8 is reduced in M-MDMs but increased in Z-MDMs. This result shows that the expression of inflammatory cytokines could be increased by impaired efferocytosis. It indicates that the efferocytosis ability of macrophages plays an important role in regulating cytokine expression and resolving inflammation. Findings from this study would help us better understand the multifaceted effect of AAT on regulating neutrophil balance in the lung and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungnam Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesse West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Craig G Moneypenny
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,DKU-Theragen Institute for NGS Analysis, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mark L Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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20
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Anderson SL, Duke-Novakovski T, Robinson AR, Townsend HGG, Singh B. Depletion of pulmonary intravascular macrophages rescues inflammation-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis in horses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L126-L136. [PMID: 33146566 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00392.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pulmonary intravascular macrophage depletion on systemic inflammation and ex vivo neutrophil apoptosis using an experimental model of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in horses. Neutrophils were isolated before and after surgery from horses that were randomized to three treatment groups, namely, sham celiotomy (CEL, n = 4), intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR, n = 6), and intestinal ischemia and reperfusion with gadolinium chloride treatment to deplete pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs, IRGC, n = 6). Neutrophil apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V and propidium iodide staining quantified with flow cytometry and caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities in neutrophil lysates. All horses experienced a systemic inflammatory response following surgery. Following surgery, ex vivo neutrophil apoptosis was significantly delayed after 12 or 24 h in culture, except in IRGC horses (12 h: CEL: P = 0.03, IR: P = 0.05, IRGC: P = 0.2; 24 h: CEL: P = 0.001, IR: P = 0.004, IRGC: P = 0.3). Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities were significantly reduced in neutrophils isolated after surgery and cultured for 12 h in IR horses, but not in IRGC horses (IR caspase-3: P = 0.002, IR caspase-8: P = 0.002, IR caspase-9: P = 0.04). Serum TNF-α concentration was increased in IRGC horses for 6-18 h following jejunal ischemia. Following surgery, ex vivo equine neutrophil apoptosis was delayed via downregulation of caspase activity, which was ameliorated by PIM depletion potentially via upregulation of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tanya Duke-Novakovski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alexandra R Robinson
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hugh G G Townsend
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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21
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Pokhrel S, Triplett KD, Daly SM, Joyner JA, Sharma G, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER, Hall PR. Complement Receptor 3 Contributes to the Sexual Dimorphism in Neutrophil Killing of Staphylococcus aureus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1593-1600. [PMID: 32769122 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported sex differences in innate susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus skin infection and that bone marrow neutrophils (BMN) from female mice have an enhanced ability to kill S. aureus ex vivo compared with those of male mice. However, the mechanism(s) driving this sex bias in neutrophil killing have not been reported. Given the role of opsonins such as complement, as well as their receptors, in S. aureus recognition and clearance, we investigated their contribution to the enhanced bactericidal capacity of female BMN. We found that levels of C3 in the serum and CR3 (CD11b/CD18) on the surface of BMN were higher in female compared with male mice. Consistent with increased CR3 expression following TNF-α priming, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important bactericidal effector, was also increased in female versus male BMN in response to serum-opsonized S. aureus Furthermore, blocking CD11b reduced both ROS levels and S. aureus killing by murine BMN from both sexes. However, at the same concentration of CD11b blocking Ab, S. aureus killing by female BMN was greatly reduced compared with those from male mice, suggesting CR3-dependent differences in bacterial killing between sexes. Overall, this work highlights the contributions of CR3, C3, and ROS to innate sex bias in the neutrophil response to S. aureus Given that neutrophils are crucial for S. aureus clearance, understanding the mechanism(s) driving the innate sex bias in neutrophil bactericidal capacity could identify novel host factors important for host defense against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Pokhrel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kathleen D Triplett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Seth M Daly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jason A Joyner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
| | - Pamela R Hall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
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22
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Neutrophils play a critical role in the eradication of pathogenic organisms, particularly bacteria. However, in the septic patient the prolonged activation and accumulation of neutrophils may augment tissue and organ injury. This review discusses the different activation states and chemotaxis of neutrophils in septic patients. Neutrophil killing of bacteria and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps represent important components of the innate immune response and they become dysregulated during sepsis, possibly through changes in their metabolism. Delayed neutrophil apoptosis may contribute to organ injury, or allow better clearance of pathogens. Neutrophils provide a friendly immune response to clear infections, but excessive activation and recruitment has the potential to turn them into potent foes.
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23
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A peripheral neutrophil-related inflammatory factor predicts a decline in executive function in mild Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:84. [PMID: 32171317 PMCID: PMC7071641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest a role of the innate immune system, including the activity of neutrophils, in neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but prospective cognitive data remain lacking in humans. We aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between neutrophil-associated inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and changes in memory and executive function over 1 year in patients with AD. Methods Participants with AD were identified from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were assayed by luminex immunofluorescence multiplex assay at baseline. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test an underlying neutrophil associated plasma inflammatory factor. Composite z-scores for memory and executive function were generated from multiple tests at baseline and at 1 year. A multiple linear regression model was used to investigate the association of the baseline inflammatory factor with changes in memory and executive function over 1 year. Results Among AD patients (n = 109, age = 74.8 ± 8.1, 42% women, Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 23.6 ± 1.9), the neutrophil-related inflammatory proteins NGAL (λ = 0.595, p < .001), MPO (λ = 0.575, p < .001), IL-8 (λ = 0.525, p < .001), MIP-1β (λ = 0.411, p = .008), and TNF (λ = 0.475, p < .001) were found to inform an underlying factor. Over 1 year, this inflammatory factor predicted a decline in executive function (β = − 0.152, p = 0.015) but not memory (β = 0.030, p = 0.577) in models controlling for demographics, brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, the ApoE ε4 allele, concomitant medications, and baseline cognitive performance. Conclusions An inflammatory factor constructed from five neutrophil-related markers in peripheral blood predicted a decline in executive function over 1 year in people with mild AD.
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24
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Powell J, Garnett JP, Mather MW, Cooles FAH, Nelson A, Verdon B, Scott J, Jiwa K, Ruchaud-Sparagano MH, Cummings SP, Perry JD, Wright SE, Wilson JA, Pearson J, Ward C, Simpson AJ. Excess Mucin Impairs Subglottic Epithelial Host Defense in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:340-349. [PMID: 29425465 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1819oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aspiration of infective subglottic secretions causes ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients. Mechanisms underlying subglottic colonization in critical illness have not been defined, limiting strategies for targeted prevention of VAP. OBJECTIVES To characterize subglottic host defense dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU; to determine whether subglottic mucin contributes to neutrophil phagocytic impairment and bacterial growth. METHODS Prospective subglottic sampling in mechanically ventilated patients (intubated for four or more days), and newly intubated control patients (intubated for less than 30 min); isolation and culture of primary subglottic epithelial cells from control patients; laboratory analysis of host innate immune defenses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-four patients in the ICU and 27 newly intubated control patients were studied. Subglottic ICU samples had significantly reduced microbiological diversity and contained potential respiratory pathogens. The subglottic microenvironment in the ICU was characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, significantly increased proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil proteases, and altered physical properties of subglottic secretions, including accumulation of mucins. Subglottic mucin from ICU patients impaired the capacity of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Phagocytic impairment was reversible on treatment with a mucolytic agent. Subglottic mucus promoted growth and invasion of bacterial pathogens in a novel air-liquid interface model of primary human subglottic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation in the ICU is characterized by substantial mucin secretion and neutrophilic inflammation. Mucin impairs neutrophil function and promotes bacterial growth. Mucolytic agents reverse mucin-mediated neutrophil dysfunction. Enhanced mucus disruption and removal has potential to augment preventive benefits of subglottic drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Verdon
- 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stephen P Cummings
- 4 School of Science, Engineering and Design, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Janet A Wilson
- 7 Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,8 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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25
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George L, Ramasamy T, Sirajudeen KNS, Manickam V. LPS-induced Apoptosis is Partially Mediated by Hydrogen Sulphide in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:451-465. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1566355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leema George
- School BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Tamizhselvi Ramasamy
- School BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - KNS Sirajudeen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- School BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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26
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Kemmner S, Bachmann Q, Steiger S, Lorenz G, Honarpisheh M, Foresto-Neto O, Wang S, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Alt V, Schulte C, Chmielewski S, Bluyssen HAR, Heemann U, Baumann M, Lech M, Schmaderer C. STAT1 regulates macrophage number and phenotype and prevents renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F277-F291. [PMID: 30403164 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00004.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to acute kidney injury or delayed allograft function, which predisposes to fibrosis in the native kidney or kidney transplant. Here we investigated the role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in inflammatory responses following renal IRI. Our study showed that a subsequent stimulation of Janus-activated kinase 2/STAT1 and Toll-like receptor 4 pathways led to greater STAT1 activation followed by increased cytokine transcription compared with single-pathway stimulation in murine renal tubular cells. Moreover, we observed increased activation of STAT1 under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, STAT1-/- mice displayed less acute tubular necrosis and decreased macrophage infiltration 24 h after renal ischemia. However, investigation of the healing phase (30 days after IRI) revealed significantly more fibrosis in STAT1-/- than in wild-type kidneys. In addition, we demonstrated increased macrophage infiltration in STAT1-/- kidneys. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that STAT1 deficiency drives an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype, which is associated with downregulated cluster of differentiation 80 expression, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and enhanced ability for phagocytosis. Furthermore, we detected immunohistochemically enhanced STAT1 expression in human renal allograft biopsies with no interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) compared with specimens with severe IF/TA without specific etiology. Thus, STAT1 activation drives macrophages toward an alternatively activated phenotype and enhances fibrogenesis indicating a potential STAT1-driven protective mechanism in tissue repair after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kemmner
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Quirin Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich , Germany
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich , Germany
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich , Germany
| | - Shijun Wang
- Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Javier Carbajo-Lozoya
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Verena Alt
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Schulte
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Stefan Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
| | - Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich , Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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27
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Honarpisheh M, Foresto-Neto O, Steiger S, Kraft F, Koehler P, von Rauchhaupt E, Potempa J, Adamowicz K, Koziel J, Lech M. Aristolochic acid I determine the phenotype and activation of macrophages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12169. [PMID: 30111809 PMCID: PMC6093867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries are multifactorial traits that involve various risk factors. Experimental animal models are crucial to unravel important aspects of injury and its pathophysiological mechanisms. Translating knowledge obtained from experimental approaches into clinically useful information is difficult; therefore, significant attention needs to be paid to experimental procedures that mimic human disease. Herein, we compared aristolochic acid I (AAI) acute and chronic kidney injury model with unilateral ischemic-reperfusion injury (uIRI), cisplatin (CP)- or folic acid (FA)-induced renal damage. The administration of AAI showed significant changes in serum creatinine and BUN upon CKD. The number of neutrophils and macrophages were highly increased as well as AAI-induced CKD characterized by loss of tubular epithelial cells and fibrosis. The in vitro and in vivo data indicated that macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) associated with an excessive macrophage accumulation and an alternative activated macrophage phenotype. Taken together, we conclude that AA-induced injury represents a suitable and relatively easy model to induce acute and chronic kidney injury. Moreover, our data indicate that this model is appropriate and superior to study detailed questions associated with renal macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Kraft
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Koehler
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina von Rauchhaupt
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Potempa
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karina Adamowicz
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Nephrology, LMU Munich, Germany. .,Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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28
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Mogulevtseva JA, Mezentsev AV, Bruskin SA. Impact of Metalloproteinase 1 Deficiency Induced by Specific Small Hairpin RNA on the Physiological Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418080094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh AK, Das VNR, Amit A, Dikhit MR, Mahantesh V, Singh SK, Naryan S, Pandey K, Das P, Verma N, Bimal S. Cytokines and chemokines differentially regulate innate immune cell trafficking during post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7406-7418. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K. Singh
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Vidya N. R. Das
- Department of Clinical MedicineRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Manas R. Dikhit
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Vijaya Mahantesh
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Shubhankar K. Singh
- Department of MicrobiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Shyam Naryan
- Department of MicrobiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical MedicineRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular BiologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Neena Verma
- Department of PathologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of ImmunologyRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical SciencesPatnaIndia
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Giustarini G, Kruijssen L, van Roest M, Bleumink R, Weaver RJ, Bol-Schoenmakers M, Smit J, Pieters R. Tissue influx of neutrophils and monocytes is delayed during development of trovafloxacin-induced tumor necrosis factor-dependent liver injury in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:753-765. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Giustarini
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura Kruijssen
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Rob Bleumink
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Weaver
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (I.R.I.S.); 50, rue Carnot 92284 Suresnes Cedex France
| | - Marianne Bol-Schoenmakers
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smit
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Manosudprasit A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Stephens D, Van Dyke TE. Spontaneous PMN apoptosis in type 2 diabetes and the impact of periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1431-1440. [PMID: 29021368 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0416-209rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that peripheral blood neutrophils (PMN) exhibit delayed spontaneous apoptosis in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and that the delay is exacerbated further among people who coexpress chronic periodontitis (CP). Seventy-three individuals were enrolled, including those with T2DM (n = 16), CP (n = 15), T2DM + CP (n = 21), and healthy volunteers (n = 21). PMN apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using TUNEL and Annexin V assays. The activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9 was measured by colorimetric assay. PMN surface death receptor quantification was performed by flow cytometry staining with fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD120a (TNFR1) and anti-CD95 [Fas receptor (FasR)] antibody. Analysis of inflammatory markers in serum samples was performed using multiplexed sandwich immunoassays. In healthy volunteers and individuals with T2DM, CP, and T2DM + CP, spontaneous PMN apoptosis observed at 12 h reached 85.3 ± 3.1, 67.3 ± 3.9, 62.9 ± 3.5 and 62.5 ± 5.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Caspase-3 activity was significantly reduced in individuals with T2DM and T2DM + CP (P < 0.05) when compared with healthy volunteers. Caspase-8 activity was also significantly decreased in CP and T2DM + CP (P < 0.05), associated with reduced cell-surface FasR, TNFRs, and Fas ligand (FasL) serum levels. Glucose alone was not observed to impact PMN apoptosis; simultaneous incubation with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) agonist S100B induced significant PMN apoptosis (P < 0.05). These data support the premise that the inhibition of PMN apoptosis in individuals with T2DM occurs through an advanced glycation endproducts/RAGE ligand/receptor-mediated interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggasit Manosudprasit
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Gleaning Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Probiotic Studies for the Rational Design of Combination Microbial Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:191-231. [PMID: 27856521 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00049-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms hold promise for the treatment of numerous gastrointestinal diseases. The transfer of whole microbiota via fecal transplantation has already been shown to ameliorate the severity of diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. However, the exact mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant efficacy and the particular strains conferring this benefit are still unclear. Rationally designed combinations of microbial preparations may enable more efficient and effective treatment approaches tailored to particular diseases. Here we use an infectious disease, C. difficile infection, and an inflammatory disorder, the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, as examples to facilitate the discussion of how microbial therapy might be rationally designed for specific gastrointestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation has already shown some efficacy in the treatment of both these disorders; detailed comparisons of studies evaluating commensal and probiotic organisms in the context of these disparate gastrointestinal diseases may shed light on potential protective mechanisms and elucidate how future microbial therapies can be tailored to particular diseases.
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Zanini M, Meyer E, Simon S. Pulp Inflammation Diagnosis from Clinical to Inflammatory Mediators: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2017; 43:1033-1051. [PMID: 28527838 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar to other tissues, the dental pulp mounts an inflammatory reaction as a way to eliminate pathogens and stimulate repair. Pulp inflammation is prerequisite for dentin pulp complex repair and regeneration; otherwise, chronic disease or pulp necrosis occurs. Evaluation of pulp inflammation severity is necessary to predict the clinical success of maintaining pulp vitality. Clinical limitations to evaluating in situ inflammatory status are well-described. A molecular approach that aids clinical distinction between reversible and irreversible pulpitis could improve the success rate of vital pulp therapy. The aim of this article is to review inflammatory mediator expression in the context of clinical diagnosis. METHODS We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles published between 1970 and December 2016. Only published studies of inflammatory mediator expression related to clinical diagnosis were eligible for inclusion and analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two articles were analyzed. Two molecular approaches were described by study methods, protein expression analysis and gene expression analysis. Our review indicates that interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and receptor for advanced glycation end products expression increase at both the gene and protein levels during inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Clinical irreversible pulpitis is related to specific levels of inflammatory mediator expression. The difference in expression between reversible and irreversible disease is both quantitative and qualitative. On the basis of our analysis, in situ quantification of inflammatory mediators may aid in the clinical distinction between reversible and irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Zanini
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Meyer
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Simon
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France; UMRS INSERM 1138 Team 5, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Granica S, Kłębowska A, Kosiński M, Piwowarski JP, Dudek MK, Kaźmierski S, Kiss AK. Effects of Geum urbanum L. root extracts and its constituents on polymorphonuclear leucocytes functions. Significance in periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:1-12. [PMID: 27139570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geum urbanum L. (wood avens) root infusions and decoctions have been used externally for reducing the bleeding and inflammation of gums (gingivitis), and mucous membranes. AIM OF THE STUDY Taking into account that primed and hyperactivated neutrophils are an important factor in the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis, we investigated the effects of phytochemically characterised (HPLC-DAD-MS(n)) extracts of different polarity from Geum urbanum root on oxidative burst, elastase, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) release, expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L and CD11b) and delayed apoptosis in stimulated neutrophils. As gemin A is a dominating compound in a raw material, so we considered its activity in parallel with the positive control quercetin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were characterised by HPLC-DAD- MS(n) method. The inhibition of ROS production by stimulated neutrophils was determined using luminol dependent chemiluminescence method. The effect on MMP-9, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 production by neutrophils was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neutrophil elastase release was established spectrophotometrically. The expression of adhesion molecules and the apoptosis of neutrophils was analyzed with flow cytometry. RESULTS The main compounds detected in the extract belong mainly to the group of ellagitannin: pedunculagin, stachyurin, casuarynin and gemin A, and ellagic acid derivatives. Procyanidins and one complex tannin were found as minor compounds. Gemin A significantly affected the functions of stimulated neutrophils by reducing the surface expression of CD11b, and inhibiting the release of reactive oxygen species, and proteases (elastase, MMP-9), chemokines and cytokines (interleukins IL-8, IL-1β). Interestingly, gemin A stimulated the release of TNF-α, which may be one of the stimulators of apoptosis of neutrophil cells. The primary aqueous extract, the ethyl acetate and the butanolic fractions, all containing the highest level of gemin A, have exerted similar but weaker activity. CONCLUSION The modulating effect on the neutrophils function of extracts, and its main constituent gemin A, support the traditional use of this plant material in cavity inflammation including mucositis, gingivitis and periodontosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kłębowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Michał Kosiński
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Jakub P Piwowarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Marta K Dudek
- Physical Chemistry Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies PAS, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies PAS, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz 90-363, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
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Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: understanding the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in vaccine research. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 27:346-70. [PMID: 24696438 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00105-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide, and despite significant advances in chlamydial research, a prophylactic vaccine has yet to be developed. This Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, which often causes asymptomatic infection, may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancies, scarring of the fallopian tubes, miscarriage, and infertility when left untreated. In the genital tract, Chlamydia trachomatis infects primarily epithelial cells and requires Th1 immunity for optimal clearance. This review first focuses on the immune cells important in a chlamydial infection. Second, we summarize the research and challenges associated with developing a chlamydial vaccine that elicits a protective Th1-mediated immune response without inducing adverse immunopathologies.
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Hurley K, Reeves EP, Carroll TP, McElvaney NG. Tumor necrosis factor-α driven inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a new model of pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 10:207-22. [PMID: 26634397 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1127759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) has traditionally been thought of as a genetic disorder characterized by lung destruction and early emphysema in a low AAT, and high neutrophil elastase (NE) environment in the lungs of affected individuals. Recently, a growing body of evidence has emerged to support the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is essential in the pathogenesis of both genetic AATD and non-genetic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reports have highlighted the importance of TNF-α driven immune cell dysfunction in the development of lung disease in AATD. The authors discuss the role of AAT as a key modulator of TNF-α signaling firstly in the setting of AATD and secondly in other conditions where AAT augmentation therapy has potential utility as a novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Hurley
- a Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Emer P Reeves
- a Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Tomás P Carroll
- a Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- a Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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Li L, Guo X, Olszewski E, Fan Z, Ai Y, Han Y, Xu L, Li J, Wang H. Expression of Surfactant Protein-A during LPS-Induced Otitis Media with Effusion in Mice. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:433-9. [PMID: 26048420 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815587699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of surfactant protein (SP) in the middle ear throughout lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced otitis media with effusion (OME). STUDY DESIGN Randomized case-controlled animal model. SETTING Shandong University, Jinan, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS SP expression was monitored using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in normal mice (n = 5). Two groups, control phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice (n = 5) and LPS-injected mice (n = 5), were euthanized 5 days following injection. RNA was extracted for reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR, and temporal bone samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. LPS was injected into mice, and 5 mice per test were euthanized at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following injection. For mRNA expression quantification, reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR were performed, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SP-A and SP-D expression was detected in normal murine Eustachian tubes. SP-A expression was up-regulated after LPS-induced OME (P = .01). At various time points after LPS injection, concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) in the middle ear increased significantly (P < .05) and correlated with changes in SP-A expression. CONCLUSION SP-A and SP-D exist in the murine middle ear. The expression of SP-A and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was up-regulated in the middle ear of the LPS-induced OME animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Emily Olszewski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yuechen Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
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Luo D, McGettrick HM, Stone PC, Rainger GE, Nash GB. The roles of integrins in function of human neutrophils after their migration through endothelium into interstitial matrix. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118593. [PMID: 25706870 PMCID: PMC4338182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the changes in neutrophil phenotype and function after transendothelial migration, and the roles played by integrin receptors in their behaviour. Neutrophils were tracked microscopically as they migrated through endothelial cells into collagen gels, and were retrieved at desired times. When endothelial cells were treated with increasing doses of tumour necrosis factor-α, neutrophils not only migrated in greater number, but also to a greater depth in the gel. Apoptosis was barely detectable in neutrophils retrieved after 24h, and many remained viable and motile at 48h. Neutrophils retrieved after 1h had increased oxidative capacity and at 24h had similar capacity as freshly-isolated neutrophils. However, by then they had impaired ability to phagocytose bacteria. Compared to fresh neutrophils, total mRNA was halved by 24h, but while β2-integrin expression decreased, β1- and β3-integrin increased along with ICAM-1. Studies of integrin blockade indicated that while β2-integrins were needed to cross the endothelial barrier, no integrins were required for migration within the gel. β2-integrins also contributed to phagocytosis, but their binding was not required for prolonged survival. These results demonstrate a model for integrated analysis of neutrophil migration and function, and describe development of effector functions and the roles of integrins in human neutrophils for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Luo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. McGettrick
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phil C. Stone
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - George E. Rainger
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard B. Nash
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Redgrove KA, McLaughlin EA. The Role of the Immune Response in Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of the Male Genital Tract: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2014; 5:534. [PMID: 25386180 PMCID: PMC4209867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the world, with more than 100 million cases reported annually. While there have been extensive studies into the adverse effects that CT infection has on the female genital tract, and on the subsequent ability of these women to conceive, studies into the consequences on male fertility have been limited and controversial. This is in part due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection, where it is estimated that 50% of men with Chlamydia fail to show any symptoms. It is accepted, however, that acute and/or persistent CT infection is the causative agent for conditions such as urethritis, epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, and potentially prostatitis. As with most infections, the immune system plays a fundamental role in the body’s attempts to eradicate the infection. The first and most important immune response to Chlamydia infection is a local one, whereby immune cells such as leukocytes are recruited to the site of infections, and subsequently secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interferon gamma. Immune cells also work to initiate and potentiate chronic inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of molecules with degradative properties including defensins, elastase, collagenase, cathespins, and lysozyme. This long-term inflammation can lead to cell proliferation (a possible precursor to cancer), tissue remodeling, and scarring, as well as being linked to the onset of autoimmune responses in genetically disposed individuals. This review will focus on the ability of the immune system to recognize and clear acute and persistent chlamydial infections in the male genital tract, and on the paradoxical damage that chronic inflammation resulting from the infection can cause on the reproductive health of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Redgrove
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Biology and Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW , Australia ; School of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW , Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Biology and Chemical Biology, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW , Australia ; School of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW , Australia
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40
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Hurley K, Lacey N, O’Dwyer CA, Bergin DA, McElvaney OJ, O’Brien ME, McElvaney OF, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Corrects Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Deficient Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3978-91. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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41
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Kalyan S, Kabelitz D. When neutrophils meet T cells: Beginnings of a tumultuous relationship with underappreciated potential. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:627-33. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kalyan
- Institute of Immunology; University of Kiel; Kiel Germany
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Pliyev BK, Menshikov M. Differential effects of the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine on spontaneous and TNF-α-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Apoptosis 2013; 17:1050-65. [PMID: 22638980 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis cooperate to modulate cell survival. Neutrophils are short-lived cells and apoptosis is considered to be the major mechanism of their death. In the present study, we addressed whether autophagy regulates neutrophil apoptosis and investigated the effects of autophagy inhibition on apoptosis of human neutrophils. We first showed that the established autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (MA) and chloroquine (CQ) markedly accelerated spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis as was evidenced by phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. Apoptosis induced by the autophagy inhibitors was completely abrogated by a pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh. Unexpectedly, both MA and CQ significantly delayed neutrophil apoptosis induced by TNF-α, although the inhibitors did attenuate late pro-survival effect of the cytokine. The effect was specific for TNF-α because it was not observed in the presence of other inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-1β or IL-8). The autophagy inhibitors did not modulate surface expression of TNF-α receptors in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Both MA and CQ induced a marked down-regulation of a key anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 but did not affect significantly the levels of another anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L). Finally, to confirm the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by a genetic approach, we evaluated the consequences of siRNA-mediated autophagy suppression in neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 cells. Knockdown of ATG5 in the cells resulted in accelerated spontaneous apoptosis but attenuated TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that autophagy regulates neutrophil apoptosis in an inflammatory context-dependent manner and mediates the early pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Department of Biological and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Pr., 31-5, Moscow 119192, Russia.
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Jiang K, Frank M, Chen Y, Osban J, Jarvis JN. Genomic characterization of remission in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R100. [PMID: 24000795 PMCID: PMC4062846 DOI: 10.1186/ar4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The attainment of remission has become an important end point for clinical trials in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), although we do not yet have a full understanding of what remission is at the cell and molecular level. Methods Two independent cohorts of patients with JIA and healthy child controls were studied. RNA was prepared separately from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and granulocytes to identify differentially expressed genes using whole genome microarrays. Expression profiling results for selected genes were confirmed by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results We found that remission in JIA induced by either methotrexate (MTX) or MTX plus a TNF inhibitor (etanercept, Et) (MTX + Et) is characterized by numerous differences in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in granulocytes compared with healthy control children; that is, remission is not a restoration of immunologic normalcy. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that the steroid hormone receptor superfamily member hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a hub in several of the gene networks that distinguished children with arthritis from controls. Confocal microscopy revealed that HNF4a is present in both T lymphocytes and granulocytes, suggesting a previously unsuspected role for this transcription factor in regulating leukocyte function and therapeutic response in JIA. Conclusions These findings provide a framework from which to understand therapeutic response in JIA and, furthermore, may be used to develop strategies to increase the frequency with which remission is achieved in adult forms of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Resolution of inflammation: mechanisms and opportunity for drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:189-212. [PMID: 23583354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and resolving infection and may also occur under sterile conditions. The cardinal signs of inflammation dolor, calor, tumor and rubor are intrinsically associated with events including vasodilatation, edema and leukocyte trafficking into the site of inflammation. If uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation itself can lead to further tissue damage and give rise to chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity with eventual loss of organ function. It is now evident that the resolution of inflammation is an active continuous process that occurs during an acute inflammatory episode. Successful resolution requires activation of endogenous programs with switch from production of pro-inflammatory towards pro-resolving molecules, such as specific lipid mediators and annexin A1, and the non-phlogistic elimination of granulocytes by apoptosis with subsequent removal by surrounding macrophages. These processes ensure rapid restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the pharmacological strategies that may interfere with the molecular pathways which control leukocyte survival and clearance. Such strategies have proved beneficial in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory diseases, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of the resolution process may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. They have elegant defense mechanisms to eliminate microbes that have translocated across a single layer of mucosal epithelial cells that form a critical barrier between the gut lumen and the underlying tissue. During the inflammatory response, neutrophils also contribute to the recruitment of other immune cells and facilitate mucosal healing by releasing mediators necessary for the resolution of inflammation. Although the above responses are clearly beneficial, excessive recruitment and accumulation of activated neutrophils in the intestine under pathological conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease is associated with mucosal injury and debilitating disease symptoms. Thus, depending on the circumstances, neutrophils can be viewed as either good or bad. In this article, we summarize the beneficial and deleterious roles of neutrophils in the intestine during health and disease and provide an overview of what is known about neutrophil function in the gut.
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Caudrillier A, Kessenbrock K, Gilliss BM, Nguyen JX, Marques MB, Monestier M, Toy P, Werb Z, Looney MR. Platelets induce neutrophil extracellular traps in transfusion-related acute lung injury. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2661-71. [PMID: 22684106 DOI: 10.1172/jci61303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that platelets are major contributors to inflammatory processes through intimate associations with innate immune cells. Here, we report that activated platelets induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), which is the leading cause of death after transfusion therapy. NETs are composed of decondensed chromatin decorated with granular proteins that function to trap extracellular pathogens; their formation requires the activation of neutrophils and release of their DNA in a process that may or may not result in neutrophil death. In a mouse model of TRALI that is neutrophil and platelet dependent, NETs appeared in the lung microvasculature and NET components increased in the plasma. We detected NETs in the lungs and plasma of human TRALI and in the plasma of patients with acute lung injury. In the experimental TRALI model, targeting platelet activation with either aspirin or a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor decreased NET formation and lung injury. We then directly targeted NET components with a histone blocking antibody and DNase1, both of which protected mice from TRALI. These data suggest that NETs contribute to lung endothelial injury and that targeting NET formation may be a promising new direction for the treatment of acute lung injury.
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Kalambokis GN, Mouzaki A, Rodi M, Tsianos EV. Rifaximin improves thrombocytopenia in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in association with reduction of endotoxaemia. Liver Int 2012; 32:467-75. [PMID: 22098272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is a major haematological disorder of cirrhosis with unclear pathogenesis. Endotoxaemia resulting from intestinal bacterial overgrowth could reduce platelet counts directly or through cytokine release. AIMS To correlate endotoxaemia with platelet counts and study the effects of intestinal decontamination with rifaximin on thrombocytopenia in relation to changes in endotoxin and cytokine concentrations in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. METHODS Platelet counts, plasma endotoxin levels and serum interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in 23 thrombocytopenic cirrhotic patients (platelet count<150 000/μl) before and after 4-week treatment with rifaximin 1200 mg/d (n = 13) or no treatment (n = 10) and at baseline in 10 cirrhotic patients without thrombocytopenia; spleen size was measured at baseline in all patients. RESULTS Endotoxin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with thrombocytopenia than in those without thrombocytopenia (2.76 ± 0.69 vs. 0.64 ± 0.09 EU/ml; P < 0.001 and 24.26 ± 3.38 vs. 2.66 ± 0.74 pg/ml; P = 0.001 respectively). Platelet counts were inversely correlated with endotoxin levels (r = -0.589; P = 0.003), Child-Pugh score (r = -0.625; P = 0.001), IL-6 levels (r = -0.464; P = 0.02) and spleen size (r = -0.455; P = 0.02) in patients with thrombocytopenia. Following rifaximin, platelet counts increased significantly (83 100 ± 9700 vs. 99 600 ± 11 200/μl; P = 0.006) in line with significant reductions in endotoxin (1.28 ± 0.41 vs. 2.54 ± 0.86 EU/ml; P = 0.005), IL-1 (3.1 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 1.2 pg/ml; P = 0.04), IL-6 (12.8 ± 2.5 vs. 21.1 ± 4.2 pg/ml; P = 0.01) and TNF-α (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 5.8 ± 1.7; P = 0.02) levels. Platelet count changes were correlated with the changes in endotoxin (r = 0.573; P = 0.04), TNF-α (r = 0.554; P = 0.05) and IL-6 (r = 0.495; P = 0.07) levels. CONCLUSIONS Rifaximin improves cirrhosis-related thrombocytopenia and this could be related with the reduction of endotoxaemia.
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Mechanisms of indirect acute lung injury: a novel role for the coinhibitory receptor, programmed death-1. Ann Surg 2012; 255:158-64. [PMID: 21997806 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31823433ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of programmed death receptor (PD)-1 in the morbidity and mortality associated with the development of indirect-acute lung injury. BACKGROUND The immune cell interaction(s) leading to indirect-acute lung injury are not completely understood. In this respect, we have recently shown that the murine cell surface coinhibitory receptor, PD-1, has a role in septic morbidity/mortality that is mediated in part through the effects on the innate immune arm. However, it is not know if PD-1 has a role in the development of indirect-acute lung injury and how this may be mediated at a cellular level. METHODS PD-1 -/- mice were used in a murine model of indirect-acute lung injury (hemorrhagic shock followed 24 hours after with cecal ligation and puncture-septic challenge) and compared to wild type controls. Groups were initially compared for survival and subsequently for markers of pulmonary inflammation, influx of lymphocytes and neutrophils, and expression of PD-1 and its ligand-PD-L1. In addition, peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with indirect-acute lung injury were examined to assess changes in cellular PD-1 expression relative to mortality. RESULTS PD-1 -/- mice showed improved survival compared to wild type controls. In the mouse lung, CD4+, CD11c+, and Gr-1+ cells showed increased PD-1 expression in response to indirect-acute lung injury. However, although the rise in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid protein concentrations, lung IL-6, and lung MCP-1 were similar between PD-1 -/- and wild type animals subjected to indirect acute lung injury, the PD-1 -/- animals that were subjected to shock/septic challenge had reduced CD4:CD8 ratios, TNF-α levels, MPO activity, and Caspase 3 levels in the lung. Comparatively, we observed that humans, who survived their acute lung injury, had significantly lower expression of PD-1 on T cells. CONCLUSIONS PD-1 expression contributes to mortality after the induction of indirect-acute lung injury and this seems to be associated with modifications in the cellular and cytokine profiles in the lung.
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Dyugovskaya L, Polyakov A, Ginsberg D, Lavie P, Lavie L. Molecular Pathways of Spontaneous and TNF-α–Mediated Neutrophil Apoptosis under Intermittent Hypoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:154-62. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0025oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Kalambokis G, Tsianos EV. Endotoxaemia in the pathogenesis of cytopenias in liver cirrhosis. Could oral antibiotics raise blood counts? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:105-9. [PMID: 20832949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytopenias are frequently observed in patients with cirrhosis and are associated with increased morbidity. In particular, thrombocytopenia can impact routine care of patients with cirrhosis by potentially postponing or interfering with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including liver biopsy and medically indicated or elective surgery. The pathogenesis of cytopenias in cirrhosis remains largely unknown. Historically, the concept of hypersplenism has long been associated with the cirrhosis-related hematological disorders but was never proven. On the other hand, intestinal bacterial overgrowth and altered gut permeability in cirrhotic patients lead to increased translocation of bacteria and endotoxin into the portal circulation. The impaired phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system together with the portosystemic shunting allow endotoxin to reach the systemic circulation and high concentrations of circulating endotoxin are found in cirrhotic patients even with no clinical evidence of infection and correlate with the severity of liver disease. Endotoxin activates monocytes and promotes the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Indeed, serum levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ are elevated in patients with cirrhosis in proportion to the severity of liver disease. Endotoxaemia stimulates the vascular production of nitric oxide (NO) directly or indirectly via the cytokine cascade, and correlates with serum NO metabolite levels in cirrhosis. Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that endotoxaemia may reduce peripheral blood counts either directly or through the release of cytokines and NO. Previous studies in experimental models of cirrhosis and cirrhotic patients have demonstrated that long-term administration of oral antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, and rifaximin can reduce bacterial translocation and circulating levels of endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-6, and NO. We hypothesize that endotoxaemia plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cytopenias in cirrhosis and that intestinal decontamination could raise peripheral blood counts by the suppression of endotoxaemia and the inhibition of cytokine and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalambokis
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastorenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
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