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Gou Z, Li J, Liu J, Yang N. The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378302. [PMID: 38694824 PMCID: PMC11061421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22-26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA's dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Bethune First Clinical School of Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Zablon FM, Desai P, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S. Cellular and Exosomal MicroRNAs: Emerging Clinical Relevance as Targets for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300532. [PMID: 38258348 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for the highest cancer cases globally, with 12% of occurrences progressing to metastatic breast cancer with a low survival rate and limited effective early intervention strategies augmented by late diagnosis. Moreover, a low concentration of prognostic and predictive markers hinders disease monitoring. Circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently shown a considerable interplay in breast cancer, standing out as effective diagnostic and prognostic markers. The primary functions are as gene regulatory agents at the genetic and epigenetic levels. An array of dysregulated miRNAs stimulates cancer-promoting mechanisms, activating oncogenes and controlling tumor-suppressing genes and mechanisms. Exosomes are vastly studied extracellular vesicles, carrying, and transporting cargo, including noncoding RNAs with premier roles in oncogenesis. Translocation of miRNAs from the circulation to exosomes, with RNA-binding proteins in stress-induced conditions, has shown significant cooperation in function to promote breast cancer. This review examines cellular and exosomal miRNA biogenesis and loading, the clinical implications of their dysregulation, their function in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of breast cancer, and in regulating cancer signaling pathways. The influence of cellular and exosomal miRNAs presents clinical significance on breast cancer diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prediction, and disease monitoring during treatment, hence a potent marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Mokobi Zablon
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Parth Desai
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
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3
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Bavuso M, Miller N, Sill JM, Dobrian A, Colunga Biancatelli RML. Extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Understanding protective and harmful signaling for the development of new therapeutics. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:131-144. [PMID: 37712224 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory condition characterized by increased lung permeability, hyper-inflammatory state, and fluid leak into the alveolar spaces. ARDS is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple direct and indirect causes that result in a mortality of up to 40%. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, its incidence has increased up to ten-fold. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small liposome-like particles that mediate intercellular communication and play a major role in ARDS pathophysiology. Indeed, they participate in endothelial barrier dysfunction and permeability, neutrophil, and macrophage activation, and also in the development of a hypercoagulable state. A more thorough understanding of the variegated and cell-specific functions of EVs may lead to the development of safe and effective therapeutics. In this review, we have collected evidence of EVs role in ARDS, revise the main mechanisms of production and internalization and summarize the current therapeutical approaches that have shown the ability to modulate EV signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bavuso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Noel Miller
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Joshua M Sill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Anca Dobrian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Ruben M L Colunga Biancatelli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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4
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Al-Humiari MA, Yu L, Liu LP, Nouri MZ, Tuna KM, Denslow ND, Alli AA. Extracellular vesicles from BALF of pediatric cystic fibrosis and asthma patients increase epithelial sodium channel activity in small airway epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184219. [PMID: 37634857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles derived from all cell types. EV cargo allows for intercellular communication, intracellular signaling, and regulation of proteins in recipient cells. We tested the hypothesis that EVs isolated from the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF) of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) or pediatric asthma patients increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in normal human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) and the mechanism involves specific EV lipids. We characterized EVs from BALF of pediatric CF and pediatric asthma patients by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. The CF and asthma pediatric groups were similar in BALF electrolytes concentration and cell count, except for neutrophils, which were higher in the CF group. Lipidomic analyses for each group of EVs were performed using targeted mass spectrometry. Phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerol were enriched in both groups, but phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol concentrations were greater in the CF group compared to the asthma group, and the opposite trend was found for phosphatidylserine. Endogenous ENaC activity, measured by the single-channel patch-clamp technique, increased in normal human SAECs after challenging SAEC with EVs from either the CF or asthma groups compared to control EVs. In conclusion, EVs isolated from BALF of pediatric patients with CF or asthma have unique lipid profiles. Despite the differences, both types of EVs increase ENaC activity in normal human SAECs compared to control EVs isolated from the conditioned media of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Humiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Lauren P Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kubra M Tuna
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Abdel A Alli
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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5
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Jiang T, Xia Y, Wang W, Zhao J, Liu W, Liu S, Shi S, Li B, He X, Jin Y. Apoptotic bodies inhibit inflammation by PDL1-PD1-mediated macrophage metabolic reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13531. [PMID: 37553821 PMCID: PMC10771117 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis triggers immunoregulation to prevent and suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. However, the mechanism by which apoptotic cells modulate immune responses remains largely elusive. In the context of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation, long-term immunoregulation is observed in the host despite the short survive of the injected MSCs. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI), we demonstrate that apoptotic bodies (ABs) released by transplanted human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) convert the macrophages from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, thereby ameliorating the disease. Mechanistically, we identify the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) on the membrane of UC-MSCs-derived ABs, which interacts with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) on host macrophages. This interaction leads to the reprogramming of macrophage metabolism, shifting from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via the Erk-dependent pathway in ALI. Importantly, we have reproduced the PDL1-PD1 effects of ABs on metabolic switch using alveolar macrophages from patients with ALI, suggesting the potential clinical implications of developing therapeutic strategies for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanmin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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6
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Xiong C, Huang X, Chen S, Li Y. Role of Extracellular microRNAs in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5509652. [PMID: 37378068 PMCID: PMC10292948 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5509652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening pathological disease characterized by the damage of pulmonary endothelial cells and epithelial cell barriers by uncontrolled inflammation. During sepsis-induced ALI, multiple cells cooperate and communicate with each other to respond to the stimulation of inflammatory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms of action have not been fully identified, and the modes of communication therein are also being investigated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of spherical membrane structures released by almost all types of cells, containing various cellular components. EVs are primary transport vehicles for microRNAs (miRNAs), which play essential roles in physiological and pathological processes in ALI. EV miRNAs from different sources participated in regulating the biological function of pulmonary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and phagocytes by transferring miRNA through EVs during ALI induced by sepsis, which has great potential diagnostic and therapeutic values. This study aims to summarize the role and mechanism of extracellular vesicle miRNAs from different cells in the regulation of sepsis-induced ALI. It provides ideas for further exploring the role of extracellular miRNA secreted by different cells in the ALI induced by sepsis, to make up for the deficiency of current understanding, and to explore the more optimal scheme for diagnosis and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shibiao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Deng Y, Zou Y, Song X, Jiang A, Wang M, Qin Q, Song Y, Yue C, Yang D, Yu B, Lu H, Zheng Y. Potential of extracellular vesicles for early prediction of severity and potential risk stratification in critical inflammatory diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00763-w. [PMID: 37195382 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some acute inflammatory diseases are often exacerbated during or after hospitalization, leading to some severe manifestations like systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ failure, and high mortality. Early clinical predictors of disease severity are urgently needed to optimize patient management for better prognosis. The existing clinical scoring system and laboratory tests cannot circumvent the problems of low sensitivity and limited specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanosecretory vesicles containing various biomolecules related to immune regulation, inflammation activation, and inflammation-related complications. This review provides an overview of EVs as inflammatory mediators, inflammatory signaling pathway regulators, promoters of inflammatory exacerbation, and markers of severity and prognosis. Currently, although relevant biomarkers are clinically available or are in the preclinical research stage, searching for new markers and detection methods is still warranted, as the problems of low sensitivity/specificity, cumbersome laboratory operation and high cost still plague clinicians. In-depth study of EVs might open a door in the search for novel predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Deng
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ailing Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Wang
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Yue
- Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dujiang Yang
- Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Zhejiang Pushkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy,Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 6110041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Han Y, Zhu Y, Almuntashiri S, Wang X, Somanath PR, Owen CA, Zhang D. Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated CC16 as novel nanotherapeutics for treatment of acute lung injury. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1346-1364. [PMID: 36635966 PMCID: PMC10188639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is still associated with high mortality. Growing evidence suggests that Club Cell Protein 16 (CC16) plays a protective role against ALI. However, the doses of recombinant CC16 (rCC16) used in preclinical studies are supraphysiological for clinical applications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles endogenously generated by mammalian cells. Our study demonstrated that CC16 is released via small EVs and EV-encapsulated CC16 (sEV-CC16) and has anti-inflammatory activities, which protect mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacteria-induced ALI. Additionally, sEV-CC16 can activate the DNA damage repair signaling pathways. Consistent with this activity, we observed more severe DNA damage in lungs from Cc16 knockout (KO) than wild-type (WT) mice. Mechanistically, we elucidated that CC16 suppresses nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling activation by binding to heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). We concluded that sEV-CC16 could be a potential therapeutic agent for ALI by inhibiting the inflammatory and DNA damage responses by reducing NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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9
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Park S, Kim M, Park M, Jin Y, Lee SJ, Lee H. Specific upregulation of extracellular miR-6238 in particulate matter-induced acute lung injury and its immunomodulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130466. [PMID: 36455323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory response and the destruction of alveolar epithelium and endothelium. ALI/ARDS is caused by pathogens and toxic environmental stimuli, such as particulate matter (PM). However, the general symptoms of ALI/ARDS are similar, and determining the cause of lung injury is often challenging. In this study, we investigated whether there is a critical miRNA that characterizes PM-induced ALI. We found that the expression of miR-6238 is specifically upregulated in lung tissue and lung-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to PM exposure. Notably, bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide; LPS or peptidoglycan; PTG) does not induce the expression of miR-6238 in the lung. Instead, the expression of miR-155 is dramatically increased in LPS-induced ALI. We further demonstrated that human lung epithelial cells and macrophages predominantly produce miR-6238 and miR-155, respectively. Mechanistically, EV-miR-6238 is effectively internalized into alveolar macrophages (AMs) and regulates inflammatory responses in vivo. CXCL3 is a main target of miR-6238 in AMs and modulates neutrophil infiltration into the lung alveoli. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-6238 is a novel regulator of pulmonary inflammation and a putative biomarker that distinguishes PM-induced ALI from endotoxin (LPS/PTG)-mediated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea.
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Manzoor T, Saleem A, Farooq N, Dar LA, Nazir J, Saleem S, Ismail S, Gugjoo MB, Shiekh PA, Ahmad SM. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells - a novel therapeutic tool in infectious diseases. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:17. [PMID: 36849892 PMCID: PMC9970864 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid-bilayer encapsulated vesicles produced by the cells. These EVs are released into the surrounding space by almost all cell types. The EVs help in intercellular communication via their payloads which contain various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids generated from the donor cells and allow for synergistic responses in surrounding cells. In recent years, EVs have been increasingly important in treating infectious diseases, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, wound infections, sepsis, and intestinal infections. Studies have confirmed the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) for treating infectious diseases to eliminate the pathogen, modulate the resistance, and restore tissue damage in infectious diseases. This can be achieved by producing antimicrobial substances, inhibiting pathogen multiplication, and activating macrophage phagocytic activity. Pathogen compounds can be diffused by inserting them into EVs produced and secreted by host cells or by secreting them as microbial cells producing EVs carrying signalling molecules and DNA shielding infected pathogens from immune attack. EVs play a key role in infectious pathogenesis and hold great promise for developing innovative treatments. In this review, we discuss the role of MSC-EVs in treating various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasaduq Manzoor
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Nida Farooq
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Lateef Ahmad Dar
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Junaid Nazir
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Sahar Saleem
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Sameena Ismail
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government Degree College, Khanabal Kashmir, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Parvaiz A. Shiekh
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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11
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Ryu S, Ni K, Wang C, Sivanantham A, Carnino JM, Ji HL, Jin Y. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Promote Lung Inflammatory Responses and Macrophage Activation via Multi-Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:568. [PMID: 36831104 PMCID: PMC9953134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Gram-negative bacteria release bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and that these play an important role in the pathogenesis of bacterial infection-mediated inflammatory responses and organ damage. Despite the fact that scattered reports have shown that OMVs released from Gram-negative bacteria may function via the TLR2/4-signaling pathway or induce pyroptosis in macrophages, our study reveals a more complex role of OMVs in the development of inflammatory lung responses and macrophage pro-inflammatory activation. We first confirmed that various types of Gram-negative bacteria release similar OMVs which prompt pro-inflammatory activation in both bone marrow-derived macrophages and lung alveolar macrophages. We further demonstrated that mice treated with OMVs via intratracheal instillation developed significant inflammatory lung responses. Using mouse inflammation and autoimmune arrays, we identified multiple altered cytokine/chemokines in both bone marrow-derived macrophages and alveolar macrophages, suggesting that OMVs have a broader spectrum of function compared to LPS. Using TLR4 knock-out cells, we found that OMVs exert more robust effects on activating macrophages compared to LPS. We next examined multiple signaling pathways, including not only cell surface antigens, but also intracellular receptors. Our results confirmed that bacterial OMVs trigger both surface protein-mediated signaling and intracellular signaling pathways, such as the S100-A8 protein-mediated pathway. In summary, our studies confirm that bacterial OMVs strongly induced macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and inflammatory lung responses via multi-signaling pathways. Bacterial OMVs should be viewed as a repertoire of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), exerting more robust effects than Gram-negative bacteria-derived LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kareemah Ni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ayyanar Sivanantham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, 11937 US Hwy 271, BMR, Lab D-11, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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12
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Gangadaran P, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Rajendran RL, Nakajima Y, Watanabe N, Velikkakath AKG, Hong CM, Gopi RV, Muthukalianan GK, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Jeyaraman M, Ahn BC. The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085057. [PMID: 36726968 PMCID: PMC9885214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exosomes in cancer, osteoporosis, and renal, neurological, and pulmonary disorders are currently underway. Notably, the information available on the signatory efficacy of exosomes in immune-related disorders remains elusive and sporadic. In this review, we discuss immune cell-derived exosomes and their application in immunotherapy, including those against autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Further, we have elucidated our views on the major issues in immune-related pathophysiological processes. Therefore, the information presented in this review highlights the role of exosomes as promising strategies and clinical tools for immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan,*Correspondence: Harishkumar Madhyastha, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nozomi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Anoop Kumar G. Velikkakath
- Center for System Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Velikkakath Gopi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Harishkumar Madhyastha, ; Byeong-Cheol Ahn,
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13
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Ganey T, Temple HT, Hunter CW. Exosomes. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Sivanantham A, Alktaish W, Murugeasan S, Gong B, Lee H, Jin Y. Caveolin-1 regulates OMV-induced macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and multiple Toll-like receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1044834. [PMID: 36817491 PMCID: PMC9933776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1044834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MФ), the primary cell of the innate immune system, serves as the first line of defense. During bacterial infection, Gram-negative (G-) bacteria release nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), facilitating the crosstalk between the microbe and the host. The underlying mechanisms by which OMVs induced pro-inflammatory (M1) activation are still unknown. Our study shows that OMVs caused M1 activation via modulating various toll-like receptor (TLR) expressions as they contain LPS, LTA, bacterial DNAs, and flagellins. Also, we found that caveolin-1 (cav-1), a 21-kDa scaffolding protein of caveolae and lipid rafts, plays a significant role in OMV-induced pro-inflammatory response in regulating various TLR signaling pathways. Specifically, cav-1 deletion increased the expression of OMV-induced TLRs, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions (TNF-α and IL-1β), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MФs. Further, we examined the interaction between Cav-1 and TLR4 by immunoprecipitation, colocalization, and computational models, providing future direction to explore the role of cav-1 in OMV-induced other TLR signaling. Altogether, Cav-1 is a key regulator in OMV-induced multiple TLRs response. This study promotes future research to develop drugs by targeting the specific motif of cav-1 or TLRs against bacterial infection and macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyanar Sivanantham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ward Alktaish
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Selvakumar Murugeasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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miR-301a Deficiency Attenuates the Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis through YY1/CXCR4 Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243952. [PMID: 36552718 PMCID: PMC9777533 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: the miR-301a is well known involving the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. However, the role of miR-301a in the migration and phagocytosis of macrophages is still unclear. (2) Methods: sciatic nerve injury, liver injury models, as well as primary macrophage cultures were prepared from the miR-301a knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice to assess the macrophage's migration and phagocytosis capabilities. Targetscan database analysis, Western blotting, siRNA transfection, and CXCR4 inhibition or activation were performed to reveal miR301a's potential mechanism. (3) Results: the macrophage's migration and phagocytosis were significantly attenuated by the miR-301a KO both in vivo and in vitro. MiR-301a can target Yin-Yang 1 (YY1), and miR-301a KO resulted in YY1 up-regulation and CXCR4 (YY1's down-stream molecule) down-regulation. siYY1 increased the expression of CXCR4 and enhanced migration and phagocytosis in KO macrophages. Meanwhile, a CXCR4 inhibitor or agonist could attenuate or accelerate, respectively, the macrophage migration and phagocytosis. (4) Conclusions: current findings indicated that miR-301a plays important roles in a macrophage's capabilities of migration and phagocytosis through the YY1/CXCR4 pathway. Hence, miR-301a might be a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammatory diseases by adjusting macrophage bio-functions.
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16
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Qiao N, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Synergistic regulation of microglia differentiation by CD93 and integrin β1 in the rat pneumococcal meningitis model. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:63-74. [PMID: 36336138 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen of meningitis worldwide, which has a high mortality rate and survivors are prone to central nervous system (CNS) sequelae. In this regard, microglia activation has been associated with injury to the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CD93, integrin β1, and microglia activation. In the rat pneumococcal meningitis model, we found significant increases of CD93 and integrin β1 expression and differentiation of M1 phenotype microglia. Furthermore, we showed in vitro siRNA-mediated downregulation of CD93 and integrin β1 expression after infecting highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglia cells with S. pneumoniae. We observed differentiation of S. pneumonia-infected HAPI microglia cells to the M1 phenotype and significant release of soluble CD93 (sCD93) and integrin β1 expression. Complement C1q and metalloproteinases promoted sCD93 release. We also showed that downregulation of CD93 significantly reduced differentiation to M1 microglia and increased differentiation to M2 microglia. However, addition of recombinant CD93 may regulate microglia differentiation to the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the downregulation of integrin β1 resulted in downregulation of the CD93 protein. In conclusion, interaction between integrin β1 and CD93 promotes differentiation of microglia to the M1 phenotype, increases the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and leads to nervous system injury in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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17
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Dhar R, Mukherjee S, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Devi A, Ashraf GM, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Hashem AM, Alexiou A, Thorate N. Interrelation between extracellular vesicles miRNAs with chronic lung diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4021-4036. [PMID: 36063496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry biologically active biomolecule cargos like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) outside of the cell. Blood (serum/plasma), urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are all examples of biofluids from which they may be collected. EVs play a vital role in intracellular communication. The molecular signature of EVs largely depends on the parental cell's status. EVs are classified into two groups, (1) exosomes (originated by endogenous route) and (2) microvesicles (originated from the plasma membrane, also known as ectosomes). The quantity and types of EV cargo vary during normal conditions compared to pathological conditions (chronic inflammatory lung diseases or lung cancer). Consequently, EVs contain novel biomarkers that differ based on the cell type of origin and during lung diseases. Small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) are transported by EVs, which is one of the most rapidly evolving research areas in the field of EVs biology. EV-mediated cargos transport small RNAs that can result in reprograming the target/recipient cells. Multiple chronic inflammatory lung illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, have been demonstrated to be regulated by EV. In this review, we will consolidate the current knowledge and literature on the novel role of EVs and their small RNAs concerning chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Additionally, we will also provide better insight into the clinical and translational impact of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs as novel therapeutic agents in treating CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nanasaheb Thorate
- Division of Medical Sciences, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Craddock VD, Cook CM, Dhillon NK. Exploring extracellular vesicles as mediators of clinical disease and vehicles for viral therapeutics: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 3:172-188. [PMID: 35929616 PMCID: PMC9348627 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers to rapidly understand the capabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and investigate potential therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has been associated with devastating lung and cardiac injury, profound inflammation, and a heightened coagulopathic state, which may, in part, be driven by cellular crosstalk facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In recent years, EVs have emerged as important biomarkers of disease, and while extracellular vesicles may contribute to the spread of COVID-19 infection from one cell to the next, they also may be engineered to play a protective or therapeutic role as decoys or "delivery drivers" for therapeutic agents. This review explores these roles and areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn D Craddock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, KS 66160, USA
| | - Christine M Cook
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, KS 66160, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, KS 66160, USA
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19
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles secreted by nearly all cell types and play a critical role in cell-to-cell crosstalk. EVs can be categorized based on their size, surface markers, or the cell type from which they originate. EVs carry "cargo," including but not limited to, RNA, DNA, proteins, and small signaling molecules. To date, many methods have been developed to isolate EVs from biological fluids, such as blood plasma, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and urine. Once isolated, EVs can be characterized by dynamic light scattering, nanotracking analysis, nanoscale flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Given the ability of EVs to transport cargo between cells, research has recently focused on understanding their role in various human diseases. As understanding of their significance to disease processes grows, insight into the mechanisms behind the physiological role of their cargo in target cells can facilitate the development of a new type of biomarker and therapeutic target for diseases in future. In addition, their ability to deliver their cargo selectively to target cells within the human body means that they could serve as therapeutic agents or methods of drug delivery. In this review, we will first introduce EVs and the cargo they carry, outline current methods for EV isolation and characterization, and discuss their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
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20
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Hwang W, Shimizu M, Lee JW. Role of extracellular vesicles in severe pneumonia and sepsis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:747-762. [PMID: 35418256 PMCID: PMC9971738 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2066470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EV) released constitutively or following external stimuli from structural and immune cells are now recognized as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and sepsis, leading causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where mortality rates remain up to 40%. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that one of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of EVs is through the transfer of EV content to host cells, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, and permeability in target organs. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on preclinical research examining the role of EVs released into the plasma and injured alveolus during pneumonia and sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation is associated with elevated levels of circulating EVs that are released by activated structural and immune cells and can have significant proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-permeability effects in critically ill patients with pneumonia and/or sepsis. However, clinical translation of the use of EVs as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets may be limited by current methodologies used to identify and quantify EVs accurately (whether from host cells or infecting organisms) and lack of understanding of the role of EVs in the reparative phase during recovery from pneumonia and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, Catholic College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Jae-Woo Lee, MD, Professor, University of California San Francisco, Department of Anesthesiology, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, Telephone: (415) 476-0452, Fax: (415) 514-2999,
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21
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Soni S, O'Dea KP, Abe E, Khamdan M, Shah SV, Sarathchandra P, Wilson MR, Takata M. Microvesicle-Mediated Communication Within the Alveolar Space: Mechanisms of Uptake by Epithelial Cells and Alveolar Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853769. [PMID: 35572508 PMCID: PMC9094433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-alveolar microvesicles (MVs) are important mediators of inter-cellular communication within the alveolar space, and are key components in the pathophysiology of lung inflammation such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the abundance of data detailing the pro-inflammatory effects of MVs, it remains unclear how MVs interact or signal with target cells in the alveolus. Using both in vivo and in vitro alveolar models, we analyzed the dynamics of MV uptake by resident alveolar cells: alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. Under resting conditions, the overwhelming majority of MVs were taken up by alveolar macrophages. However, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, epithelial cells internalized significantly more MVs (p<0.01) whilst alveolar macrophage internalization was significantly reduced (p<0.01). We found that alveolar macrophages adopted a pro-inflammatory phenotype after internalizing MVs under resting conditions, but reduction of MV uptake following LPS pre-treatment was associated with loss of inflammatory phenotype. Instead, MVs induced significant epithelial cell inflammation following LPS pre-treatment, when MV internalization was most significant. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we interrogated the mechanisms of MV internalization to identify which endocytic pathways and cell surface receptors are involved. We demonstrated that epithelial cells are exclusively dependent on the clathrin and caveolin dependent endocytotic pathway, whereas alveolar macrophage uptake may involve a significant phagocytic component. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages predominantly engulf MVs via scavenger receptors whilst, epithelial cells internalize MVs via a phosphatidylserine/integrin receptor mediated pathway (specifically alpha V beta III), which can be inhibited with phosphatidylserine-binding protein (i.e. annexin V). In summary, we have undertaken a comprehensive evaluation of MV internalization within the alveolar space. Our results demonstrate that different environmental conditions can modulate MV internalization, with inflammatory stimuli strongly enhancing epithelial cell uptake of MVs and inducing epithelial cell activation. Our data reveal the unique mechanisms by which alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells internalize MVs thereby elucidating how MVs exert their pathophysiological effect during lung inflammation and injury. As MVs are potential novel therapeutic targets in conditions such as ARDS, these data provide crucial insights into the dynamics of MV-target cell interactions and highlight potential avenues for researchers to modulate and inhibit their pro-inflammatory actions within the alveolar space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanooj Soni
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran P O'Dea
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eiko Abe
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Khamdan
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sneh V Shah
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Wilson
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Takata
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Avalos PN, Forsthoefel DJ. An Emerging Frontier in Intercellular Communication: Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849905. [PMID: 35646926 PMCID: PMC9130466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration requires cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other processes that are regulated by secreted cues originating from cells in the local environment. Recent studies suggest that signaling by extracellular vesicles (EVs), another mode of paracrine communication, may also play a significant role in coordinating cellular behaviors during regeneration. EVs are nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites, and are secreted by most cell types. Upon EV uptake by target cells, EV cargo can influence diverse cellular behaviors during regeneration, including cell survival, immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of EV research and EV biogenesis. Then, we review current understanding of how EVs regulate cellular behaviors during regeneration derived from numerous studies of stem cell-derived EVs in mammalian injury models. Finally, we discuss the potential of other established and emerging research organisms to expand our mechanistic knowledge of basic EV biology, how injury modulates EV biogenesis, cellular sources of EVs in vivo, and the roles of EVs in organisms with greater regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla N. Avalos
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David J. Forsthoefel
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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23
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Molnár M, Sőth Á, Simon-Vecsei Z. Pathways of integrins in the endo-lysosomal system. Biol Futur 2022; 73:171-185. [DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this review, we present recent scientific advances about integrin trafficking in the endo-lysosomal system. In the last few years, plenty of new information has emerged about the endo-lysosomal system, integrins, and the mechanism, how exactly the intracellular trafficking of integrins is regulated. We review the internalization and recycling pathways of integrins, and we provide information about the possible ways of lysosomal degradation through the endosomal and autophagic system. The regulation of integrin internalization and recycling proved to be a complex process worth studying. Trafficking of integrins, together with the regulation of their gene expression, defines cellular adhesion and cellular migration through bidirectional signalization and ligand binding. Thus, any malfunction in this system can potentially (but not necessarily) lead to tumorigenesis or metastasis. Hence, extensive examinations of integrins in the endo-lysosomal system raise the possibility to identify potential new medical targets. Furthermore, this knowledge can also serve as a basis for further determination of integrin signaling- and adhesion-related processes.
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24
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Carnino JM, Lee H, Smith LC, Sunil VR, Rancourt RC, Vayas K, Cervelli J, Kwok ZH, Ni K, Laskin JD, Jin Y, Laskin DL. Microvesicle-Derived miRNAs Regulate Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation in the Lung Following Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:162-174. [PMID: 35201360 PMCID: PMC9041552 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is a ubiquitous air pollutant that causes lung damage and altered functioning. Evidence suggests that proinflammatory macrophages contribute to ozone toxicity. Herein, we analyzed the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNA (miRNA) cargo in ozone-induced macrophage activation. Exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EVs, which were comprised predominantly of microvesicles (MVs). NanoFACS analysis revealed that MVs generated following both air and ozone exposure was largely from CD45+ myeloid cells; these MVs were readily taken up by macrophages. Functionally, MVs from ozone, but not air treated mice, upregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophages including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and interleukin (IL)-1β. The miRNA profile of MVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was altered after ozone exposure; thus, increases in miR-21, miR-145, miR320a, miR-155, let-7b, miR744, miR181, miR-17, miR-92a, and miR-199a-3p were observed, whereas miR-24-3p and miR-20 were reduced. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that these miRNAs regulate pathways that promote inflammatory macrophage activation, and predicted that let-7a-5p/let-7b, miR-24-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-17, and miR-181a-5p are key upstream regulators of inflammatory proteins. After ozone exposure, miR-199a-3p, but not precursor miR-199a-3p, was increased in lung macrophages, indicating that it is derived from MV-mediated delivery. Furthermore, lung macrophage mRNA expression of IL-1β was upregulated after administration of MVs containing miR-199a-3p mimic but downregulated by miR-199a-3p inhibitor. Collectively, these data suggest that MVs generated following ozone exposure contribute to proinflammatory macrophage activation via MV-derived miRNAs including miR-199a-3p. These findings identify a novel pathway regulating macrophage inflammatory responses to inhaled ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Raymond C Rancourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kinal Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jessica Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Zhi Hao Kwok
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Kareemah Ni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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25
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Nirujogi TS, Kotha SR, Chung S, Reader BF, Yenigalla A, Zhang L, Shapiro JP, Wisler J, Christman JW, Maddipati K, Parinandi NL, Karpurapu M. Lipidomic Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Indicates Their Involvement in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. J Innate Immun 2022; 14:555-568. [PMID: 35367992 PMCID: PMC9485986 DOI: 10.1159/000522338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data support the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in normal cellular physiology and disease conditions. However, despite their abundance, there is much less information about the lipid mediators carried in EVs, especially in the context of acute lung injury (ALI). Our data demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice subjected to intranasal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI release, a higher number of EVs into the alveolar space, compared to saline-treated controls. EVs released during ALI originated from alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils and carry a diverse array of lipid mediators derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The eicosanoids in EVs correlated with cellular levels of arachidonic acid, expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome epoxygenase p450 proteins in pulmonary macrophages. Furthermore, EVs from LPS-toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice contained significantly lower amounts of COX and LOX catalyzed eicosanoids and ω-3 PUFA metabolites. More importantly, EVs from LPS-treated wild-type mice increased TNF-α release by macrophages and reduced alveolar epithelial monolayer barrier integrity compared to EVs from LPS-treated TLR4-/- mice. In summary, our study demonstrates for the first time that the EV carried PUFA metabolite profile in part depends on the inflammatory status of the lung macrophages and modulates pulmonary macrophage and alveolar epithelial cell function during LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Srinivas Nirujogi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sainath R. Kotha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Office of Health Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brenda F. Reader
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anita Yenigalla
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Proteomics Shared Resources, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John P. Shapiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon Wisler
- Divison of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John W. Christman
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krishnarao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Narasimham L. Parinandi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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26
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Zheng F, Pan Y, Yang Y, Zeng C, Fang X, Shu Q, Chen Q. Novel biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: genetics, epigenetics and transcriptomics. Biomark Med 2022; 16:217-231. [PMID: 35026957 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be induced by multiple clinical factors, including sepsis, acute pancreatitis, trauma, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and burns. However, these factors alone may poorly explain the risk and outcomes of ARDS. Emerging evidence suggests that genomic-based or transcriptomic-based biomarkers may hold the promise to establish predictive or prognostic stratification methods for ARDS, and also to help in developing novel therapeutic targets for ARDS. Notably, genetic/epigenetic variations correlated with susceptibility and prognosis of ARDS and circulating microRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of ARDS. Although limited by sample size, ethnicity and phenotypic heterogeneity, ongoing genetic/transcriptomic research contributes to the characterization of novel biomarkers and ultimately helps to develop innovative therapeutics for ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Congli Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qixing Chen
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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27
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Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhu J, Peng Z, Tang C. Ferulic acid regulates miR-17/PTEN axis to inhibit LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells apoptosis through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:61-69. [PMID: 35110471 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jinfei Zhu
- Department of pneumology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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28
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Choudhary I, Vo T, Paudel K, Wen X, Gupta R, Kesimer M, Patial S, Saini Y. Vesicular and extravesicular protein analyses from the airspaces of ozone-exposed mice revealed signatures associated with mucoinflammatory lung disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23203. [PMID: 34853335 PMCID: PMC8636509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain many proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans. However, the exosomal protein signatures contained within the ELF from ozone-exposed lung airspaces remain poorly characterized. To explore this, we hypothesized that ozone triggers the release of exosome-bound inflammatory proteins from various cells that reflect mucoobstructive lung disease. Accordingly, we repetitively exposed adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to HEPA-filtered air (air) or 0.8 ppm ozone (4 h per day) for 14 days (five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, four consecutive days of exposure). Exosome-bound proteomic signatures, as well as the levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were determined 12-16 h after the last exposure. Principal component analyses of the exosome-bound proteome revealed a clear distinction between air-exposed and ozone-exposed mice, as well as between ozone-exposed males and ozone-exposed females. In addition to 575 proteins that were enriched in both sexes upon ozone exposure, 243 and 326 proteins were enriched uniquely in ozone-exposed males and females, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analyses on enriched proteins between ozone- and air-exposed mice revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathways. More specifically, macrophage activation-related proteins were enriched in exosomes from ozone-exposed mice. Cytokine analyses on the BALF revealed elevated levels of G-CSF, KC, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-5 in ozone-exposed mice. Finally, the histopathological assessment revealed significantly enhanced intracellular localization of mucoinflammatory proteins including MUC5B and FIZZ1 in ozone-exposed mice in a cell-specific manner indicating the cellular sources of the proteins that are ferried in the exosomes upon ozone-induced lung injury. Collectively, this study identified exosomal, secretory, and cell-specific proteins and biological pathways following repetitive exposure of mice to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Choudhary
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Thao Vo
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Kshitiz Paudel
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Xue Wen
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Sonika Patial
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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30
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Yang J, Zou X, Jose PA, Zeng C. Extracellular vesicles: Potential impact on cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:49-100. [PMID: 34809830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention in biological and clinical research due to their ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on their size and secretory origin, EVs are categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Increasing number of studies highlight the contribution of EVs in the regulation of a wide range of normal cellular physiological processes, including waste scavenging, cellular stress reduction, intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis modulation. Altered circulating EV level, expression pattern, or content in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Due to their inherent characteristics and physiological functions, EVs, in turn, have become potential candidates as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the role of EVs in CVD, summarize the current knowledge of EV-mediated regulatory mechanisms, and highlight potential strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD. We also attempt to look into the future that may advance our understanding of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CVD and provide novel insights into the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
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31
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Zhou YK, Patel HH, Roth DM. Extracellular Vesicles: A New Paradigm for Cellular Communication in Perioperative Medicine, Critical Care, and Pain Management. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:1162-1179. [PMID: 34304233 PMCID: PMC8542619 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play critical roles in many health and disease states, including ischemia, inflammation, and pain, which are major concerns in the perioperative period and in critically ill patients. EVs are functionally active, nanometer-sized, membrane-bound vesicles actively secreted by all cells. Cell signaling is essential to physiological and pathological processes, and EVs have recently emerged as key players in intercellular communication. Recent studies in EV biology have improved our mechanistic knowledge of the pathophysiological processes in perioperative and critical care patients. Studies also show promise in using EVs in novel diagnostic and therapeutic clinical applications. This review considers the current advances and gaps in knowledge of EVs in the areas of ischemia, inflammation, pain, and in organ systems that are most relevant to anesthesiology, perioperative medicine, critical care, and pain management. We expect the reader will better understand the relationship between EVs and perioperative and critical care pathophysiological states and their potential use as novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu K. Zhou
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David M. Roth
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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32
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Berumen Sánchez G, Bunn KE, Pua HH, Rafat M. Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 34656117 PMCID: PMC8520651 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris and devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication. EVs are known to carry multiple factors derived from their cell of origin, including cytokines and chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, and surface molecules, that can alter the behavior of recipient cells. Since the cargo of EVs reflects their parental cells, EVs from damaged and dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance of information toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of various diseases and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases given the high prevalence of these conditions worldwide and the important role that intercellular communication between immune, parenchymal, and stromal cells plays in the development of these pathological states. We also consider the clinical applications of EVs, including the possibilities for their use as novel therapeutics. While intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key for physiological processes and tissue homeostasis, injury and stress result in altered communication patterns in the tissue microenvironment. When left unchecked, EV-mediated interactions between stromal, immune, and parenchymal cells lead to the development of disease states Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Berumen Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Bunn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Heather H. Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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33
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Carnino JM, Hao Kwok Z, Jin Y. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Opportunity for Precision Medicine in Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661679. [PMID: 34368181 PMCID: PMC8342920 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound nanoparticles secreted by cells which play a well-known role in cell to cell communication. The most update to date nomenclature categorizes extracellular vesicles based on their relative size, protein markers, and/or the cell type of origin. Extracellular vesicles can be isolated from biological fluids using a variety of methods, including but not limited to, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, precipitation-based methods, and immunoaffinity capture. These nanovesicles carry distinct “cargo,” made up of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and protein, which is delivered to nearby target cells. The “cargo” profile carried by extracellular vesicles is critical in their role of communication and resembles the physiological status of the cell they originated from. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on the miRNA cargo. Extracellular vesicle-miRNA profiles hold the potential to be used in diagnostic panels for a variety of diseases through a novel method known as “liquid biopsy.” In addition to this, extracellular vesicles may serve as a potential method to deliver drugs to specific cells within the body. This mini-review provides background into what extracellular vesicles are, methods of isolating these nanoparticles, their potential use as a biomarker and drug delivery system for precision medicine, and a summary of the current literature covering the role of some extracellular vesicle-cargo's in various pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhi Hao Kwok
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States
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34
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Parzibut G, Henket M, Moermans C, Struman I, Louis E, Malaise M, Louis R, Misset B, Njock MS, Guiot J. A Blood Exosomal miRNA Signature in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640042. [PMID: 34336922 PMCID: PMC8319727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a diffuse, acute, inflammatory lung disease characterized by a severe respiratory failure. Recognizing and promptly treating ARDS is critical to combat the high mortality associated with the disease. Despite a significant progress in the treatment of ARDS, our ability to identify early patients and predict outcomes remains limited. The development of novel biomarkers is crucial. In this study, we profiled microRNA (miRNA) expression of plasma-derived exosomes in ARDS disease by small RNA sequencing. Sequencing of 8 ARDS patients and 10 healthy subjects (HSs) allowed to identify 12 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (adjusted p < 0.05). Pathway analysis of their predicted targets revealed enrichment in several biological processes in agreement with ARDS pathophysiology, such as inflammation, immune cell activation, and fibrosis. By quantitative RT-PCR, we validated the alteration of nine exosomal miRNAs in an independent cohort of 15 ARDS patients and 20 HSs, among which seven present high capability in discriminating ARDS patients from HSs (area under the curve > 0.8) (miR-130a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-98-3p, Let-7d-3p, miR-1273a, and miR-193a-5p). These findings highlight exosomal miRNA dysregulation in the plasma of ARDS patients which provide promising diagnostic biomarkers and open new perspectives for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Parzibut
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Henket
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Moermans
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Laboratory of Molecular Angiogenesis, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Malaise
- Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoît Misset
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gastroenterology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Guiot
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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35
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Lee LK, Eghbali M, Sapru A. A novel miRNA biomarker panel associated with mortality in pediatric patients with ARDS. Respir Res 2021; 22:169. [PMID: 34088312 PMCID: PMC8177032 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a novel microRNA biomarker panel consisting of 6 microRNAs predicting mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Each of the identified mRNA have potential mechanistic importance in acute respiratory distress syndrome and may lead to the development of pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 3325, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 3325, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anil Sapru
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC 488, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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36
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Liu F, Peng W, Chen J, Xu Z, Jiang R, Shao Q, Zhao N, Qian K. Exosomes Derived From Alveolar Epithelial Cells Promote Alveolar Macrophage Activation Mediated by miR-92a-3p in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:646546. [PMID: 34041043 PMCID: PMC8141563 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.646546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is characterized by disruption of the epithelial barrier and activation of alveolar macrophages (AMs), which leads to uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation. However, effective treatments for ALI are unavailable. The exact mechanism by which the initial mediator of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) induces inflammation remains elusive. Here we investigated the roles of AEC-derived exosomes in AM activation and sepsis-induced ALI in vivo and in vitro. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was utilized to establish septic lung injury model in rats. The effect of exosomal inhibition by intratracheal GW4869 administration on lung injury was investigated. To assess the effects of AEC-derived exosomes on ALI, we treated the rat alveolar epithelial cell line RLE-6TN with LPS to induce cell damage. Exosomes from conditioned medium of LPS-treated AECs (LPS-Exos) were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The miRNAs in LPS-Exos were screened by miRNA expression profile analysis. The effects of miR-92a-3p on the function of AMs were studied. We found that intratracheal GW4869 administration ameliorated lung injury following CLP-induced ALI. LPS-Exos were taken up by AMs and activated these cells. Consistently, administration of LPS-Exos in rats significantly aggravated pulmonary inflammation and alveolar permeability. Moreover, miR-92a-3p was enriched in LPS-Exos and could be delivered to AMs. Inhibition of miR-92a-3p in AECs diminished the proinflammatory effects of LPS-Exos in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-92a-3p activates AMs along with pulmonary inflammation. This process results in activation of the NF-κB pathway and downregulation of PTEN expression, which was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, AEC-derived exosomes activate AMs and induce pulmonary inflammation mediated by miR-92a-3p in ALI. The present findings revealed a previously unidentified role of exosomal miR-92a-3p in mediating the crosstalk between injured AEC and AMs. miR-92a-3p in AEC exosomes might represent a novel diagnostic biomarker for ALI, which may lead to a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeyao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kejian Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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37
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Xia X, Yuan P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Zheng JC. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword? Immunology 2021; 163:416-430. [PMID: 33742451 PMCID: PMC8251486 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected disease (COVID‐19), initiated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly grown into a global pandemic. Emerging evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key intercellular communicator, in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID‐19. In the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, cells that express ACE2 and CD9 can transfer these viral receptors to other cells via EVs, making recipient cells more susceptible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Once infected, cells release EVs packaged with viral particles that further facilitate viral spreading and immune evasion, aggravating COVID‐19 and its complications. In contrast, EVs derived from stem cells, especially mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, alleviate severe inflammation (cytokine storm) and repair damaged lung cells in COVID‐19 by delivery of anti‐inflammatory molecules. These therapeutic beneficial EVs can also be engineered into drug delivery platforms or vaccines to fight against COVID‐19. Therefore, EVs from diverse sources exhibit distinct effects in regulating viral infection, immune response, and tissue damage/repair, functioning as a double‐edged sword in COVID‐19. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the pathological roles of EVs in COVID‐19. A comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic effects/potentials of EVs is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Qiu P, Zhou J, Zhang J, Dong Y, Liu Y. Exosome: The Regulator of the Immune System in Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671164. [PMID: 33995102 PMCID: PMC8113812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome comprised of a series of life-threatening organ dysfunctions caused by a maladjusted body response to infection with no effective treatment. There is growing evidence that the immune system plays a core role in sepsis. Pathogens cause abnormal host immune response and eventually lead to immunosuppression, which is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. Exosomes are vesicles derived from double invagination of plasma membrane, associating with immune responses closely. The cargos delivered by exosomes into recipient cells, especially immune cells, effectively alter their response and functions in sepsis. In this review, we focus on the effects and mechanisms of exosomes on multiple immune cells, as well as the role of immune cell-derived exosomes in sepsis. This is helpful for us to have an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of immune disorders in sepsis. Exosomes is also expected to become a novel target and therapeutic approach for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Qi A, Wang T, Li W, Wang Y, Chai Y. The effect of miR-21-5p on the MAP2K3 expressions and cellular apoptosis in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injuries. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:2784-2793. [PMID: 34017441 PMCID: PMC8129236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of miR-21-5p on the MAP2K3 expressions and cellular apoptosis in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injuries (HILI). METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were assigned to the normal group, and 120 rats were used to create a HILI model and were divided into the following six groups of 20 rats each: the model group, the miR-21-5p NC group, the miR-21-5p agomir group, the oe-NC group (MAP2K3 overexpression NC), the oe-MAP2K3 group, and the miR-21-5p agomir+oe-MAP2K3 group. RESULTS miR-21-5p can target MAP2K3. Compared with the normal rats, the rats with HILI had lower miR-21-5p expression levels and higher MAP2K3 expression levels in the lung tissues (both P<0.05). Unlike the normal group, the other groups all presented different degrees of lung injuries, lower Bcl-2 expression levels, higher cellular apoptosis rates, and higher expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, IL-6, and TNF-α (all P<0.05). Compared with the model and the miR-21-5p NC groups, the miR-21-5p agomir group had better results in terms of the aforementioned markers; compared with the oe-NC group, the oe-MAP2K3 group had worse results in terms of these markers (all P<0.05). Moreover, we found that the protective effects of miR-21-5p overexpression on the lung tissues of HILI rats can be partially blocked by MAP2K3 overexpression. CONCLUSION miR-21-5p can inhibit MAP2K3 expression and reduce cellular apoptosis in HILI, thereby exerting protective effects on neonatal rats with HILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin City, China
- Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin City, China
| | - Tong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin City, China
| | - Wang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin City, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin City, China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin City, China
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40
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EVs from BALF-Mediators of Inflammation and Potential Biomarkers in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073651. [PMID: 33915715 PMCID: PMC8036254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as key messengers of intracellular communication in health and disease, including the lung. EVs that can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are released by multiple cells of the airways including bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and other immune cells, and they have been shown to mediate proinflammatory signals in many inflammatory lung diseases. They transfer complex molecular cargo, including proteins, cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids such as microRNA, between structural cells such as pulmonary epithelial cells and innate immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, shaping mutually their functions and affecting the alveolar microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we discuss this distinct molecular cargo of BALF-EVs in the context of inducing and propagating inflammatory responses in particular acute and chronic lung disorders. We present different identified cellular interactions in the inflammatory lung via EVs and their role in lung pathogenesis. We also summarize the latest studies on the potential use of BALF-EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lung diseases, especially of lung cancer.
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41
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Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:1525-1544. [PMID: 33533957 PMCID: PMC7856451 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.
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42
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Blatzer M, Papon N, Delneste Y, Latgé JP. Macrophages: Checking Toxicity of Fungal Metabolites in the Colon. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:63-65. [PMID: 33342725 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the intestine absorbs nutrients, electrolytes, and water. Chikina et al. recently demonstrated that it is also able to sense, recognize, and block the absorption of toxins through a very sophisticated interactive cellular cooperation between novel subpopulations of macrophages and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blatzer
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Angers, France; Federative Structure of Research, Cellular Interactions and Therapeutic Applications, SFR 4208 ICAT, Univ Angers, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- Federative Structure of Research, Cellular Interactions and Therapeutic Applications, SFR 4208 ICAT, Univ Angers, Angers, France; Université d'Angers, INSERM, CRCINA, F-49000 Angers, France; Department of Immunology and Allergology, CHU Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Foundation for Research and Technology HELLAS (IMBB-FORTH), University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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43
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Wang N, Wang Q, Du T, Gabriel ANA, Wang X, Sun L, Li X, Xu K, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The Potential Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:618506. [PMID: 33521025 PMCID: PMC7841048 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.618506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive loss of lung function due to chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs caused by repeated exposure to harmful environmental stimuli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a persistent disease, with an estimated 384 million people worldwide living with COPD. It is listed as the third leading cause of death. Exosomes contain various components, such as lipids, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), and proteins. They are essential mediators of intercellular communication and can regulate the biological properties of target cells. With the deepening of exosome research, it is found that exosomes are strictly related to the occurrence and development of COPD. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the unique role of immune-cell-derived exosomes in disease through complex interactions and their potentials as potential biomarkers new types of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cheeloo College of Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Kanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gao Y, Raj JU. Extracellular Vesicles as Unique Signaling Messengers: Role in Lung Diseases. Compr Physiol 2020; 11:1351-1369. [PMID: 33294981 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular particles carrying rich cargo such as proteins, lipids, and microRNAs with distinct characteristics of their parental cells. EVs are emerging as an important form of cellular communication with the ability to selectively deliver a kit of directional instructions to nearby or distant cells to modulate their functions and phenotypes. According to their biogenesis, EVs can be divided into two groups: those of endocytic origin are called exosomes and those derived from outward budding of the plasma membrane are called microvesicles (also known as ectosomes or microparticles). Under physiological conditions, EVs are actively involved in maintenance of pulmonary hemostasis. However, EVs can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. EVs, especially those derived from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells, can also be beneficial and can curb the development of lung diseases. Novel technologies are continuously being developed to minimize the undesirable effects of EVs and also to engineer EVs so that they may have beneficial effects and can be used as therapeutic agents in lung diseases. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1351-1369, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zheng L, Su J, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Wei J, Xu X, Lv S. Salidroside regulates inflammatory pathway of alveolar macrophages by influencing the secretion of miRNA-146a exosomes by lung epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20750. [PMID: 33247202 PMCID: PMC7695860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the investigative mechanism of salidroside (SAL) on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The exosomes from RLE-6TN are extracted and identified by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and protein marker detection, and co-cultured with NR8383 cells. The ALI/ARDS model of SD rats was established by LPS (10 mg/kg) intratracheal instillation. Following a four-hour intratracheal instillation of LPS, 50 μl of RLE-6TN exosomes were injected through the tail vein. After that, SAL and miR-146a antagomir were injected into the tail vein for 72 h, respectively. As the changes of HE stain, body weight and ALI score are observed. The expression of miR-146a, TLR4, NF-kB, IRAK1, TRAF6 and their related proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1 β inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The expression of miR-146a, NF-kB, IRAK, TRAF6 and related inflammatory factors in LPS-induced NR8383 was significantly higher than that in the control group, while SAL has greatly reduced the expression of TLR4 mediated NF-kB inflammatory pathway and related inflammatory factors. SAL can significantly improve the LPS-induced lung morphological abnormalities, slowed down the rate of weight loss in rats, and reducing the ALI score. The expression trend of NF-kB, IRAK, TRAF6 and related inflammatory factors in rats’ lung tissues was consistent with that in NR8383 cells. SAL has a protective effect on ALI/ARDS caused by sepsis, which is likely to be developed to a potential treatment for the disease. To sum up, this study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of ALI/ARDS with SAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Zheng
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianming Su
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinling Wei
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shumin Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Yan QG, Peng XY, Xiang XM, Xue MY, Li QH, Liu LM, Li T. Synergistic effects of EMPs and PMPs on pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after ischemia/reperfusion. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:184. [PMID: 33225929 PMCID: PMC7682096 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular leakage is an important pathophysiological process of critical conditions such as shock and ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury. Microparticles (MPs), including endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) and leukocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs), have been shown to participate in many diseases. Whether and which of these MPs take part in pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I/R and whether these MPs have synergistic effect and the underlying mechanism are not known. Methods Using hemorrhage/transfusion (Hemo/Trans) and aorta abdominalis occlusion-induced I/R rat models, the role of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs and the mechanisms in pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury were observed. Results The concentrations of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs were significantly increased after I/R. Intravenous administration of EMPs and PMPs but not LMPs induced pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury. Furthermore, EMPs induced pulmonary sequestration of platelets and promoted more PMPs production, and played a synergistic effect on pulmonary vascular leakage. MiR-1, miR-155 and miR-542 in EMPs, and miR-126 and miR-29 in PMPs, were significantly increased after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Of which, inhibition of miR-155 in EMPs and miR-126 in PMPs alleviated the detrimental effects of EMPs and PMPs on vascular barrier function and lung injury. Overexpression of miR-155 in EMPs down-regulated the expression of tight junction related proteins such as ZO-1 and claudin-5, while overexpression of miR-126 up-regulated the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the trans-cellular transportation related protein such as caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Inhibiting EMPs and PMPs production with blebbistatin (BLE) and amitriptyline (AMI) alleviated I/R induced pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury. Conclusions EMPs and PMPs contribute to the pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I/R. EMPs mediate pulmonary sequestration of platelets, producing more PMPs to play synergistic effect. Mechanically, EMPs carrying miR-155 that down-regulates ZO-1 and claudin-5 and PMPs carrying miR-126 that up-regulates Cav-1, synergistically mediate pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I/R. Graphic abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Guang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Daping, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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Bissonnette EY, Lauzon-Joset JF, Debley JS, Ziegler SF. Cross-Talk Between Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells is Essential to Maintain Lung Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583042. [PMID: 33178214 PMCID: PMC7593577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in inhaled air. Resident cells must keep lung homeostasis and eliminate pathogens by inducing protective immune response and silently remove innocuous particles. Which lung cell type is crucial for this function is still subject to debate, with reports favoring either alveolar macrophages (AMs) or lung epithelial cells (ECs) including airway and alveolar ECs. AMs are the main immune cells in the lung in steady-state and their function is mainly to dampen inflammatory responses. In addition, they phagocytose inhaled particles and apoptotic cells and can initiate and resolve inflammatory responses to pathogens. Although AMs release a plethora of mediators that modulate immune responses, ECs also play an essential role as they are more than just a physical barrier. They produce anti-microbial peptides and can secrete a variety of mediators that can modulate immune responses and AM functions. Furthermore, ECs can maintain AMs in a quiescent state by expressing anti-inflammatory membrane proteins such as CD200. Thus, AMs and ECs are both very important to maintain lung homeostasis and have to coordinate their action to protect the organism against infection. Thus, AMs and lung ECs communicate with each other using different mechanisms including mediators, membrane glycoproteins and their receptors, gap junction channels, and extracellular vesicles. This review will revisit characteristics and functions of AMs and lung ECs as well as different communication mechanisms these cells utilize to maintain lung immune balance and response to pathogens. A better understanding of the cross-talk between AMs and lung ECs may help develop new therapeutic strategies for lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Addis DR, Molyvdas A, Ambalavanan N, Matalon S, Jilling T. Halogen exposure injury in the developing lung. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:30-43. [PMID: 32738176 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Owing to a high-volume industrial usage of the halogens chlorine (Cl2 ) and bromine (Br2 ), they are stored and transported in abundance, creating a risk for accidental or malicious release to human populations. Despite extensive efforts to understand the mechanisms of toxicity upon halogen exposure and to develop specific treatments that could be used to treat exposed individuals or large populations, until recently, there has been little to no effort to determine whether there are specific features and or the mechanisms of halogen exposure injury in newborns or children. We established a model of neonatal halogen exposure and published our initial findings. In this review, we aim to contrast and compare the findings in neonatal mice exposed to Br2 with the findings published on adult mice exposed to Br2 and the neonatal murine models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite remarkable similarities across these models in overall alveolar architecture, there are distinct functional and apparent mechanistic differences that are characteristic of each model. Understanding the mechanistic and functional features that are characteristic of the injury process in neonatal mice exposed to halogens will allow us to develop countermeasures that are appropriate for, and effective in, this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Addis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam Molyvdas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Pediatrics, the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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Mohan A, Agarwal S, Clauss M, Britt NS, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicles: novel communicators in lung diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:175. [PMID: 32641036 PMCID: PMC7341477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the organ with the highest vascular density in the human body. It is therefore perceivable that the endothelium of the lung contributes significantly to the circulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. In addition to the endothelium, EVs may arise from alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Because EVs harbor cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA, and proteins, these intercellular communicators provide important insight into the health and disease condition of donor cells and may serve as useful biomarkers of lung disease processes. This comprehensive review focuses on what is currently known about the role of EVs as markers and mediators of lung pathologies including COPD, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, lung cancer and ALI/ARDS. We also explore the role EVs can potentially serve as therapeutics for these lung diseases when released from healthy progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Holtzman J, Lee H. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the respiratory system. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:887-895. [PMID: 32541816 PMCID: PMC7338515 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present numerous biomedical ways of studying disease and pathology. They function as protective packaging for the delivery of controlled concentrations of miRNAs and effector molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, genetic material, and small signaling molecules. Previous studies of EVs have yielded valuable insights into pathways of intercellular communication that affect a variety of biological processes and disease responses. The roles of EVs, specifically microRNA-containing EVs (EV-miRNAs), in either mitigating or exacerbating pulmonary disease symptoms are numerous and show promise in helping us understand pulmonary disease pathology. Because of their well-documented involvement in pulmonary diseases, EVs show promise both as possible diagnostic biomarkers and as therapeutic agents. This review surveys the physiological functions of EVs in the respiratory system and outlines the pulmonary disease states in which EVs are involved in intercellular crosstalk. This review also discusses the potential clinical applications of EV-miRNAs in pulmonary diseases. Studies of tiny membrane-bound sacs called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which bud from cells naturally but are also implicated in disease, offer insights into respiratory health and disease, and could be used to deliver therapies into respiratory system cells. Joshua Holtzman at Oberlin College, Ohio, USA, and Heedoo Lee at Changwon National University in South Korea review current understanding of the role of EVs in the respiratory system and their potential uses in treatment. Researchers are discovering how EVs deliver signaling molecules to promote respiratory health, and how they can be involved in cancer, autoimmunity, asthma and other diseases. Early trials using EVs to deliver conventional drugs, and small RNA molecules that can control gene activity suggest great potential for treating a range of serious respiratory conditions. Analysis of EVs may also assist in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.
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