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Nag N, Ray T, Tapader R, Gope A, Das R, Mahapatra E, Saha S, Pal A, Prasad P, Pal A. Metallo-protease Peptidase M84 from Bacillusaltitudinis induces ROS-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by targeting PAR-1. iScience 2024; 27:109828. [PMID: 38799586 PMCID: PMC11126781 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
We have purified Peptidase M84 from Bacillus altitudinis in an effort to isolate anticancer proteases from environmental microbial isolates. This metallo-protease had no discernible impact on normal cell survival, but it specifically induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. PAR-1, a GPCR which is reported to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells, was identified as a target of Peptidase M84. We observed that Peptidase M84 induced PAR-1 overexpression along with activating its downstream signaling effectors NF-κB and MAPK to promote excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This evoked apoptotic death of the ovarian cancer cells through the intrinsic route. In in vivo set-up, weekly intraperitoneal administration of Peptidase M84 in syngeneic mice significantly diminished ascites accumulation, increasing murine survival rates by 60%. Collectively, our findings suggested that Peptidase M84 triggered PAR-1-mediated oxidative stress to act as an apoptosis inducer. This established Peptidase M84 as a drug candidate for receptor mediated targeted-therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Nag
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Tanusree Ray
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rima Tapader
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Animesh Gope
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mahapatra
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
| | - Saibal Saha
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Ananda Pal
- Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati 45229-3026, OH, USA
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
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Cheetham CJ, McKelvey MC, McAuley DF, Taggart CC. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5492. [PMID: 38791530 PMCID: PMC11122108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases are critical to the pathology of many inflammatory lung diseases, both chronic and acute. These abundant enzymes play roles in key neutrophil functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species release. They may also be released, inducing tissue damage and loss of tissue function. Historically, the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) have been the main subject of neutrophil protease research. Despite highly promising cell-based and animal model work, clinical trials involving the inhibition of NSPs have shown mixed results in lung disease patients. As such, the cutting edge of neutrophil-derived protease research has shifted to proteases that have had little-to-no research in neutrophils to date. These include the cysteine and serine cathepsins, the metzincins and the calpains, among others. This review aims to outline the previous work carried out on NSPs, including the shortcomings of some of the inhibitor-orientated clinical trials. Our growing understanding of other proteases involved in neutrophil function and neutrophilic lung inflammation will then be discussed. Additionally, the potential of targeting these more obscure neutrophil proteases will be highlighted, as they may represent new targets for inhibitor-based treatments of neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Cheetham
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
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Escobar-Salom M, Barceló IM, Rojo-Molinero E, Jordana-Lluch E, Cabot G, Oliver A, Juan C. In vitro activity of human defensins HNP-1 and hBD-3 against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE Gram-negatives of clinical origin and selected peptidoglycan recycling-defective mutants. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0035824. [PMID: 38441982 PMCID: PMC10986477 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00358-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of immune compounds as antimicrobial adjuvants is a classic idea recovering timeliness in the current antibiotic resistance scenario. However, the activity of certain antimicrobial peptides against ESKAPE Gram-negatives has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the activities of human defensins HNP-1 and hBD-3 alone or combined with permeabilizing/peptidoglycan-targeting agents against clinical ESKAPE Gram-negatives [Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Enterobacter cloacae (EC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and acute/chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)]. Lethal concentrations (LCs) of HNP-1 and hBD-3 were determined in four collections of multidrug resistant EC, AB, KP, and PA clinical strains (10-36 isolates depending on the collection). These defensins act through membrane permeabilization plus peptidoglycan building blockade, enabling that alterations in peptidoglycan recycling may increase their activity, which is why different recycling-defective mutants were also included. Combinations with physiological lysozyme and subinhibitory colistin for bactericidal activities determination, and with meropenem for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), were also assessed. HNP-1 showed undetectable activity (LC > 32 mg/L for all strains). hBD-3 showed appreciable activities: LC ranges 2-16, 8-8, 8->32, and 8->32 mg/L for AB, EC, KP, and PA, being PA strains from cystic fibrosis significantly more resistant than acute origin ones. None of the peptidoglycan recycling-defective mutants showed greater susceptibility to HNP-1/hBD-3. Combination with colistin or lysozyme did not change their bactericidal power, and virtually neither did meropenem + hBD-3 compared to meropenem MICs. This is the first study comparatively analyzing the HNP-1/hBD-3 activities against the ESKAPE Gram-negatives, and demonstrates interesting bactericidal capacities of hBD-3 mostly against AB and EC. IMPORTANCE In the current scenario of critical need for new antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant bacteria, all options must be considered, including classic ideas such as the use of purified immune compounds. However, information regarding the activity of certain human defensins against ESKAPE Gram-negatives was incomplete. This is the first study comparatively assessing the in vitro activity of two membrane-permeabilizing/peptidoglycan construction-blocking defensins (HNP-1 and hBD-3) against relevant clinical collections of ESKAPE Gram-negatives, alone or in combination with permeabilizers, additional peptidoglycan-targeting attacks, or the blockade of its recycling. Our data suggest that hBD-3 has a notable bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae strains that should be considered as potential adjuvant option. Our results suggest for the first time an increased resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from chronic infection compared to acute origin ones, and provide new clues about the predominant mode of action of hBD-3 against Gram-negatives (permeabilization rather than peptidoglycan-targeting).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel María Barceló
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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Inoue E, Minatozaki S, Shimizu S, Miyamoto S, Jo M, Ni J, Tozaki-Saitoh H, Oda K, Nonaka S, Nakanishi H. Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibition of P. gingivalis LPS-Induced IL-1β Production by BV-2 Microglia through Suppression of Cathepsins B and L. Cells 2024; 13:283. [PMID: 38334675 PMCID: PMC10854704 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) is thought to be essential for the induction of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS)-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies in mice, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and cognitive decline. However, little is known about the role of CatB in Pg virulence factor-induced IL-1β production by microglia. We first subjected IL-1β-luciferase reporter BV-2 microglia to inhibitors of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IκB kinase, and the NLRP3 inflammasome following stimulation with Pg LPS and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). To clarify the involvement of CatB, we used several known CatB inhibitors, including CA-074Me, ZRLR, and human β-defensin 3 (hBD3). IL-1β production in BV-2 microglia induced by Pg LPS and OMVs was significantly inhibited by the TLR2 inhibitor C29 and the IκB kinase inhibitor wedelolactonne, but not by the NLRPs inhibitor MCC950. Both hBD3 and CA-074Me significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced IL-1β production in BV-2 microglia. Although CA-074Me also suppressed OMV-induced IL-1β production, hBD3 did not inhibit it. Furthermore, both hBD3 and CA-074Me significantly blocked Pg LPS-induced nuclear NF-κB p65 translocation and IκBα degradation. In contrast, hBD3 and CA-074Me did not block OMV-induced nuclear NF-κB p65 translocation or IκBα degradation. Furthermore, neither ZRLR, a specific CatB inhibitor, nor shRNA-mediated knockdown of CatB expression had any effect on Pg virulence factor-induced IL-1β production. Interestingly, phagocytosis of OMVs by BV-2 microglia induced IL-1β production. Finally, the structural models generated by AlphaFold indicated that hBD3 can bind to the substrate-binding pocket of CatB, and possibly CatL as well. These results suggest that Pg LPS induces CatB/CatL-dependent synthesis and processing of pro-IL-1β without activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In contrast, OMVs promote the synthesis and processing of pro-IL-1β through CatB/CatL-independent phagocytic mechanisms. Thus, hBD3 can improve the IL-1β-associated vicious inflammatory cycle induced by microglia through inhibition of CatB/CatL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Shiyo Minatozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Sachi Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Sayaka Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Misato Jo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (E.I.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa 831-8501, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (K.O.); (S.N.)
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Houston CJ, Alkhatib A, Einarsson GG, Tunney MM, Taggart CC, Downey DG. Diminished airway host innate response in people with cystic fibrosis who experience frequent pulmonary exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301228. [PMID: 38135443 PMCID: PMC10882324 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01228-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary exacerbations are clinically impactful events that accelerate cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying an increased frequency of pulmonary exacerbations have not been explored. OBJECTIVES To compare host immune response during intravenous antibiotic treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in people with CF who have a history of frequent versus infrequent exacerbations. METHODS Adults with CF were recruited at onset of antibiotic treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation and were categorised as infrequent or frequent exacerbators based on their pulmonary exacerbation frequency in the previous 12 months. Clinical parameters, sputum bacterial load and sputum inflammatory markers were measured on day 0, day 5 and at the end of treatment. Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on sputum using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Many sputum proteins were differentially enriched between infrequent and frequent exacerbators (day 0 n=23 and day 5 n=31). The majority of these proteins had a higher abundance in infrequent exacerbators and were secreted innate host defence proteins with antimicrobial, antiprotease and immunomodulatory functions. Several differentially enriched proteins were validated using ELISA and Western blot including secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin-1 and cystatin SA. Sputum from frequent exacerbators demonstrated potent ability to cleave exogenous recombinant SLPI in a neutrophil elastase dependent manner. Frequent exacerbators had increased sputum inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8) and total bacterial load compared to infrequent exacerbators. CONCLUSIONS A diminished innate host protein defence may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of frequent CF pulmonary exacerbations. Frequent exacerbators may benefit from therapies targeting this dysregulated host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Houston
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aya Alkhatib
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Damian G Downey
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Joint senior authors
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Lennard PR, Hiemstra PS, Nibbering PH. Complementary Activities of Host Defence Peptides and Antibiotics in Combating Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37887219 PMCID: PMC10604037 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to eliminate antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and to modulate the immune response, host defence peptides (HDPs) hold great promise for the clinical treatment of bacterial infections. Whereas monotherapy with HDPs is not likely to become an effective first-line treatment, combinations of such peptides with antibiotics can potentially provide a path to future therapies for AMR infections. Therefore, we critically reviewed the recent literature regarding the antibacterial activity of combinations of HDPs and antibiotics against AMR bacteria and the approaches taken in these studies. Of the 86 studies compiled, 56 featured a formal assessment of synergy between agents. Of the combinations assessed, synergistic and additive interactions between HDPs and antibiotics amounted to 84.9% of the records, while indifferent and antagonistic interactions accounted for 15.1%. Penicillin, aminoglycoside, fluoro/quinolone, and glycopeptide antibiotic classes were the most frequently documented as interacting with HDPs, and Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium were the most reported bacterial species. Few studies formally evaluated the effects of combinations of HDPs and antibiotics on bacteria, and even fewer assessed such combinations against bacteria within biofilms, in animal models, or in advanced tissue infection models. Despite the biases of the current literature, the studies suggest that effective combinations of HDPs and antibiotics hold promise for the future treatment of infections caused by AMR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Lennard
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands;
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands;
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van Dijk A, Guabiraba R, Bailleul G, Schouler C, Haagsman HP, Lalmanach AC. Evolutionary diversification of defensins and cathelicidins in birds and primates. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:53-69. [PMID: 36996595 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Divergent evolution for more than 310 million years has resulted in an avian immune system that is complex and more compact than that of primates, sharing much of its structure and functions. Not surprisingly, well conserved ancient host defense molecules, such as defensins and cathelicidins, have diversified over time. In this review, we describe how evolution influenced the host defense peptides repertoire, its distribution, and the relationship between structure and biological functions. Marked features of primate and avian HDPs are linked to species-specific characteristics, biological requirements, and environmental challenge.
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Essilfie AT, Houston N, Maniam P, Hartel G, Okano S, Reid DW. Anti-protease levels in cystic fibrosis are associated with lung function, recovery from pulmonary exacerbations and may be gender-related. Respirology 2023; 28:533-542. [PMID: 36642534 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Neutrophil elastase (NE), is an important host defence against lung pathogens. Maintaining a homeostatic balance between proteases such as NE and anti-proteases such as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is important to prevent tissue damage. In the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, elevated protease levels and impaired anti-protease defences contribute to tissue destruction. METHODS We assessed lung function and sputum SLPI and NE levels from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected and non-infected CF patients (median age 20 years at recruitment) during different phases of clinical disease. Healthy, never smokers served as healthy controls (HC). Sputum total cell counts (TCC) and colony forming units of P. aeruginosa were also determined in each sputum sample. RESULTS Compared to HC, sputum SLPI was significantly reduced and NE increased in all CF subjects whether infected with P. aeruginosa or not, but the presence of P. aeruginosa worsened these parameters. Females with chronic P. aeruginosa infection had significantly lower sputum SLPI levels than males (p < 0.001). Higher sputum SLPI levels were associated with a significantly reduced rate of longitudinal decline in FEV1 % predicted (p < 0.05). Antibiotic treatment in P. aeruginosa-infected patients significantly decreased sputum TCC and increased SLPI levels, which positively correlated with improved lung function. CONCLUSION Airway SLPI is deficient in CF, which appears more marked in P. aeruginosa-infected female patients. Importantly, a reduced anti-protease to protease ratio is associated with accelerated lung function decline. Treatment of an exacerbation is accompanied by partial recovery of anti-protease defences and significant improvement in lung function, an important clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- Immunology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Pramila Maniam
- Immunology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satomi Okano
- Statistics Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Reid
- Immunology Department, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Inoue E, Minatozaki S, Katsuta Y, Nonaka S, Nakanishi H. Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315099. [PMID: 36499428 PMCID: PMC9738813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Shiyo Minatozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yui Katsuta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Smyth P, Sasiwachirangkul J, Williams R, Scott CJ. Cathepsin S (CTSS) activity in health and disease - A treasure trove of untapped clinical potential. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101106. [PMID: 35868042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amongst the lysosomal cysteine cathepsin family of proteases, cathepsin S (CTSS) holds particular interest due to distinctive properties including a normal restricted expression profile, inducible upregulation and activity at a broad pH range. Consequently, while CTSS is well-established as a member of the proteolytic cocktail within the lysosome, degrading unwanted and damaged proteins, it has increasingly been shown to mediate a number of distinct, more selective roles including antigen processing and antigen presentation, and cleavage of substrates both intra and extracellularly. Increasingly, aberrant CTSS expression has been demonstrated in a variety of conditions and disease states, marking it out as both a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. This review seeks to contextualise CTSS within the cysteine cathepsin family before providing an overview of the broad range of pathologies in which roles for CTSS have been identified. Additionally, current clinical progress towards specific inhibitors is detailed, updating the position of the field in exploiting this most unique of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smyth
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Jutharat Sasiwachirangkul
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rich Williams
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
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11
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Ramírez Thomé S, Ávila Curiel B, Hernández Huerta MT, Solórzano Mata C. β-defensinas como posibles indicadores de la actividad inflamatoria en la enfermedad periodontal. INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.54817/ic.v63n4a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) is an inflam-matory process caused by the activity of pathogenic bacteria and their products on the gingival sulcus, with the consequent activation of the immune response. Saliva and crevicular fluid contain a wide variety of enzymes and antimicrobial factors that are in contact with the supragingival and subgingival region, in-cluding β-defensins (hBDs). hHBDs are non-glycosylated, cysteine-rich cationic peptides produced by epithelial cells with antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects, thus contributing to maintaining homeostasis in periodontal tissues. The changes in the microbiota and the immune response from a healthy peri-odontium to gingivitis and, finally, to periodontitis are complex. Their sever-ity depends on a dynamic balance between bacteria associated with plaque, genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have made it possible to understand the implication of hBDs in the detection, diagnosis, and therapy of periodontal disease and the relationship between periodontitis and other inflammatory conditions. This review aims to describe the effect of hBDs on the immune response and its use as a possible marker of the inflammatory activity of the periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Ramírez Thomé
- Facultad de Odontología. Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Solórzano Mata
- Facultad de Odontología. Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
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12
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Anes E, Pires D, Mandal M, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Spatial localization of cathepsins: Implications in immune activation and resolution during infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955407. [PMID: 35990632 PMCID: PMC9382241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins were first described, as endolysosomal proteolytic enzymes in reference to the organelles where they degrade the bulk of endogenous and exogenous substrates in a slightly acidic environment. These substrates include pathogens internalized via endocytosis and/or marked for destruction by autophagy. However, the role of cathepsins during infection far exceeds that of direct digestion of the pathogen. Cathepsins have been extensively investigated in the context of tumour associated immune cells and chronic inflammation. Several cathepsin-dependent immune responses develop in the endocytic pathway while others take place in the cytosol, the nucleus, or in the extracellular space. In this review we highlight the spatial localization of cathepsins and their implications in immune activation and resolution pathways during infection.
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13
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In pursuit of next-generation therapeutics: Antimicrobial peptides against superbugs, their sources, mechanism of action, nanotechnology-based delivery, and clinical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:135-156. [PMID: 35868409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted attention as potential source of novel antimicrobials. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have emerged as a global threat to public health in recent years. Furthermore, due to rapid emergence of new diseases, there is pressing need for development of efficient antimicrobials. AMPs are essential part of the innate immunity in most living organisms, acting as the primary line of defense against foreign invasions. AMPs kill a wide range of microorganisms by primarily targeting cell membranes or intracellular components through a variety of ways. AMPs can be broadly categorized based on their physico-chemical properties, structure, function, target and source of origin. The synthetic analogues produced either with suitable chemical modifications or with the use of suitable delivery systems are projected to eliminate the constraints of toxicity and poor stability commonly linked with natural AMPs. The concept of peptidomimetics is gaining ground around the world nowadays. Among the delivery systems, nanoparticles are emerging as potential delivery tools for AMPs, amplifying their utility against a variety of pathogens. In the present review, the broad classification of various AMPs, their mechanism of action (MOA), challenges associated with AMPs, current applications, and novel strategies to overcome the limitations have been discussed.
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14
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Glasgow AMA, Greene CM. Epithelial damage in the cystic fibrosis lung: the role of host and microbial factors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:737-748. [PMID: 35833354 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The airway epithelium is a key system within the lung. It acts as a physical barrier to inhaled factors, and can actively remove unwanted microbes and particles from the lung via the mucociliary escalator. On a physiological level, it senses the presence of pathogens and initiates innate immune responses to combat their effects. Hydration of the airways is also controlled by the epithelium. Within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, these properties are suboptimal and contribute to the pulmonary manifestations of CF. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how various host and microbial factors can contribute to airway epithelium dysfunction in the CF lung focusing on mechanisms relating to the mucociliary escalator and protease expression and function. We also explore how alterations in microRNA expression can impact the behavior of the airway epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Notwithstanding the unprecedented benefits that CFTR modulator drugs now provide to the health of CF sufferers, it will be important to delve more deeply into additional mechanisms underpinning CF lung disease such as those illustrated here in an attempt to counteract these aberrant processes and further enhance quality of life for people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M A Glasgow
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Antimicrobial peptides for tackling cystic fibrosis related bacterial infections: a review. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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McKelvey MC, Abladey AA, Small DM, Doherty DF, Williams R, Scott A, Spek CA, Borensztajn KS, Holsinger L, Booth R, O'Kane CM, McAuley DF, Taggart CC, Weldon S. Cathepsin S Contributes to Lung Inflammation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:769-782. [PMID: 35073247 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202107-1631oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although the cysteine protease cathepsin S has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory lung diseases, its role has not been examined in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a condition that still lacks specific and effective pharmacological treatments. Objectives: To characterize the status of cathepsin S in acute lung inflammation and examine the role of cathepsin S in disease pathogenesis. Methods: Human and mouse model BAL fluid samples were analyzed for the presence and activity of cathepsin S and its endogenous inhibitors. Recombinant cathepsin S was instilled directly into the lungs of mice. The effects of cathepsin S knockout and pharmacological inhibition were examined in two models of acute lung injury. Protease-activated receptor-1 antagonism was used to test a possible mechanism for cathepsin S-mediated inflammation. Measurements and Main Results: Pulmonary cathepsin S concentrations and activity were elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a phenotype possibly exacerbated by the loss of the endogenous antiprotease cystatin SN. Direct cathepsin S instillation into the lungs induced key pathologies of acute respiratory distress syndrome, including neutrophilia and alveolar leakage. Conversely, in murine models of acute lung injury, genetic knockdown and prophylactic or therapeutic inhibition of cathepsin S reduced neutrophil recruitment and protein leakage. Cathepsin S may partly mediate its pathogenic effects via protease-activated receptor-1, because antagonism of this receptor abrogated cathepsin S-induced airway inflammation. Conclusions: Cathepsin S contributes to acute lung injury and may represent a novel therapeutic target for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard Williams
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Arnold Spek
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- INSERM UMRS_933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France; and
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17
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Escobar‐Salom M, Torrens G, Jordana‐Lluch E, Oliver A, Juan C. Mammals' humoral immune proteins and peptides targeting the bacterial envelope: from natural protection to therapeutic applications against multidrug‐resistant
Gram
‐negatives. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1005-1037. [PMID: 35043558 PMCID: PMC9304279 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate immunity employs several humoral ‘weapons’ that target the bacterial envelope. The threats posed by the multidrug‐resistant ‘ESKAPE’ Gram‐negative pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) are forcing researchers to explore new therapeutic options, including the use of these immune elements. Here we review bacterial envelope‐targeting (peptidoglycan and/or membrane‐targeting) proteins/peptides of the mammalian immune system that are most likely to have therapeutic applications. Firstly we discuss their general features and protective activity against ESKAPE Gram‐negatives in the host. We then gather, integrate, and discuss recent research on experimental therapeutics harnessing their bactericidal power, based on their exogenous administration and also on the discovery of bacterial and/or host targets that improve the performance of this endogenous immunity, as a novel therapeutic concept. We identify weak points and knowledge gaps in current research in this field and suggest areas for future work to obtain successful envelope‐targeting therapeutic options to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar‐Salom
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Elena Jordana‐Lluch
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Department of Microbiology University Hospital Son Espases‐Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) Carretera de Valldemossa 79 Palma Balearic Islands 07010 Spain
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18
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Yoo Y, Choi E, Kim Y, Cha Y, Um E, Kim Y, Kim Y, Lee YS. Therapeutic potential of targeting cathepsin S in pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112245. [PMID: 34772578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal protease, belongs to a family of cysteine cathepsin proteases that promote degradation of damaged proteins in the endolysosomal pathway. Aberrant CTSS expression and regulation are associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, including lung diseases. CTSS overexpression causes a variety of pathological processes, including pulmonary fibrosis, with increased CTSS secretion and accelerated extracellular matrix remodeling. Compared to many other cysteine cathepsin family members, CTSS has unique features that it presents limited tissue expression and retains its enzymatic activity at a neutral pH, suggesting its decisive involvement in disease microenvironments. In this review, we investigated the role of CTSS in lung disease, exploring recent studies that have indicated that CTSS mediates fibrosis in unique ways, along with its structure, substrates, and distinct regulation. We also outlined examples of CTSS inhibitors in clinical and preclinical development and proposed CTSS as a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJo Yoo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunyoung Cha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Um
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-720, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D. Cathepsins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors in Host Defense During Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726984. [PMID: 34421929 PMCID: PMC8371317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The moment a very old bacterial pathogen met a young virus from the 80's defined the beginning of a tragic syndemic for humanity. Such is the case for the causative agent of tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Syndemic is by definition a convergence of more than one disease resulting in magnification of their burden. Both pathogens work synergistically contributing to speed up the replication of each other. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV infections are in the 21st century among the leaders of morbidity and mortality of humankind. There is an urgent need for development of new approaches for prevention, better diagnosis, and new therapies for both infections. Moreover, these approaches should consider Mtb and HIV as a co-infection, rather than just as separate problems, to prevent further aggravation of the HIV-TB syndemic. Both pathogens manipulate the host immune responses to establish chronic infections in intracellular niches of their host cells. This includes manipulation of host relevant antimicrobial proteases such as cathepsins or their endogenous inhibitors. Here we discuss recent understanding on how Mtb and HIV interact with cathepsins and their inhibitors in their multifactorial functions during the pathogenesis of both infections. Particularly we will address the role on pathogen transmission, during establishment of intracellular chronic niches and in granuloma clinical outcome and tuberculosis diagnosis. This area of research will open new avenues for the design of innovative therapies and diagnostic interventions so urgently needed to fight this threat to humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Saidi A, Gaboriaud P, Lalmanach AC, Vanderlynden L, Fessard A, Vettori P, Fort G, Guabiraba R, Schouler C, Laurent F, Guitton E, Lecaille F, Bussière FI, Lalmanach G. Upregulation of gut cathepsin L during Eimeria tenella infection. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:109-116. [PMID: 34419895 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a disease caused by Eimeria, which represents the first parasitic disease in poultry farming. Among them, E. tenella is a virulent species which specifically colonizes the caecum. The inflammatory response to infection is associated to numerous host proteases including cysteine cathepsins that can be deleterious for tissue and innate immunity integrity. Here, germ-free and conventional chickens were used as models to find out whether the microbiota could modify the intestinal expression of host cysteine cathepsins during coccidiosis. The basal caecal peptidase activity primarily relies on host proteases rather than proteases from the commensal flora. While mRNA levels of E. tenella cathepsins B and L remained unchanged in germ-free and conventional broilers, an overall increase in endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins was found in E. tenella-infected caeca in both experimental models (P < 0.005). A significant decrease in avian cystatin C transcription was also observed in infected conventional, but not in infected germ-free broilers. Despite an unchanged mRNA level of avian cathepsin L (CatL), its protein expression raised following infection, in parallel with an increased transcription of antimicrobial β-defensins (AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6, and AvBD7). Taken together, data support that host CatL is post-translationally upregulated during E. tenella infection, and thus may be involved in the alteration of the gut proteolytic balance. Furthermore, CatL may participate to inflammation occurring during coccidiosis through its known ability to proteolytically inactivates up-regulated avian β-defensins that are key molecules of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France.
| | - Pauline Gaboriaud
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Fessard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Pauline Vettori
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Geneviève Fort
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Edouard Guitton
- INRAE, UE Plate-forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Françoise I Bussière
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
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21
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Creane SE, Carlile SR, Downey D, Weldon S, Dalton JP, Taggart CC. The Impact of Lung Proteases on Snake-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081106. [PMID: 34439773 PMCID: PMC8394243 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and are of significant concern for individuals with chronic inflammatory lung diseases. There is an urgent need for novel antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring innate immune response peptides with therapeutic potential. However, therapeutic development has been hindered by issues with stability and cytotoxicity. Availing of direct drug delivery to the affected site, for example the lung, can reduce unwanted systemic side effects and lower the required dose. As cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lungs typically exhibit elevated protease levels, the aim of this study was to assess their impact on snake-derived AMPs. Peptide cleavage was determined using SDS-PAGE and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of neutrophil elastase (NE)-incubated peptides were assessed using a radial diffusion assay (RDA) and an in vitro LPS-induced inflammation model, respectively. Although the snake-derived AMPs were found to be susceptible to cleavage by lung proteases including NE, several retained their function following NE-incubation. This facilitated the design of novel truncated derivatives that retained functionality following NE incubation. Snake-derived AMPs are tractable candidate treatments for use in environments that feature elevated NE levels, such as the CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannice E. Creane
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.E.C.); (S.R.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Simon R. Carlile
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.E.C.); (S.R.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Damian Downey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.E.C.); (S.R.C.); (S.W.)
| | - John P. Dalton
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.E.C.); (S.R.C.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Rademacher F, Gläser R, Harder J. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins: Interaction with the skin microbiota. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1496-1508. [PMID: 34310774 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous microbiota comprises all living skin microorganisms. There is increasing evidence that the microbiota plays a crucial role in skin homeostasis. Accordingly, a dysbiosis of the microbiota may trigger cutaneous inflammation. The need for a balanced microbiota requires specific regulatory mechanisms that control and shape the microbiota. In this review, we highlight the present knowledge suggesting that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may exert a substantial influence on the microbiota by controlling their growth. This is supported by own data showing the differential influence of principal skin-derived AMPs on commensal staphylococci. Vice versa, we also illuminate how the cutaneous microbiota interacts with skin-derived AMPs by modulating AMP expression and how microbiota members protect themselves from the antimicrobial activity of AMPs. Taken together, the current picture suggests that a fine-tuned and well-balanced AMP-microbiota interplay on the skin surface may be crucial for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Antibiofilm activity of host defence peptides: complexity provides opportunities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:786-797. [PMID: 34183822 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are integral components of innate immunity across all living organisms. These peptides can exert direct antibacterial effects, targeting planktonic cells (referred to as antimicrobial peptides), and exhibit antibiofilm (referred to as antibiofilm peptides), antiviral, antifungal and host-directed immunomodulatory activities. In this Review, we discuss how the complex functional attributes of HDPs provide many opportunities for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics, focusing particularly on their emerging antibiofilm properties. The mechanisms of action of antibiofilm peptides are compared and contrasted with those of antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, obstacles for the practical translation of candidate peptides into therapeutics and the potential solutions are discussed. Critically, HDPs have the value-added assets of complex functional attributes, particularly antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities and their synergy with conventional antibiotics.
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Aslanhan U, Cakir E, Pur Ozyigit L, Kucuksezer UC, Gelmez YM, Yuksel M, Deniz G, Cetin Aktas E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in cystic fibrosis: Impact on neutrophil functions and cytokine secretion capacity. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1504-1513. [PMID: 33512090 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic colonization with Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa worsens the prognosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This study aims to analyze the functional properties of neutrophils in CF patients with P. aeruginosa colonization. METHODS Patients with CF (n = 16) were grouped by positivity of P. aeruginosa in sputum culture, as positive (P.+) or negative (P.-), then compared with age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 8). Adhesion molecules, apoptotic index, intracellular CAP-18, interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels of neutrophils, following P. aeruginosa and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation, were analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 plasma levels were determined by Luminex. RESULTS Patients with CF had increased phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa, upregulated oxidative burst and chemotaxis. Increased neutrophil apoptosis was noted in CF patients. In unstimulated conditions, higher levels of CD16+ TNF-α+ and CD16+ IL-8+ neutrophils were determined, whereas bacteria and LPS stimulation significantly decreased secretion of CAP-18 from CD16+ neutrophils of CF patients. Plasma levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17 in P.+ patients were higher than in P.- group. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm inadequate neutrophil defense towards pathogens in CF. A significant difference in migration, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, percentage of IL-8 producing neutrophils, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 secretions were noted among CF patients according to their colonization status, which might induce a further destructive effect on airways, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis for children with CF who also have colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Aslanhan
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cakir
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Pur Ozyigit
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Umut Can Kucuksezer
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Metin Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Cetin Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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McKelvey MC, Brown R, Ryan S, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5018. [PMID: 34065111 PMCID: PMC8125985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sinéad Ryan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
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Brown R, Small DM, Doherty DF, Holsinger L, Booth R, Williams R, Ingram RJ, Elborn JS, Mall MA, Taggart CC, Weldon S. Therapeutic Inhibition of Cathepsin S Reduces Inflammation and Mucus Plugging in Adult βENaC-Tg Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6682657. [PMID: 33828414 PMCID: PMC8004367 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of the cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS) are associated with chronic mucoobstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with a CatS inhibitor from birth reduces inflammation, mucus plugging, and lung tissue damage in juvenile β-epithelial Na+ channel-overexpressing transgenic (βENaC-Tg) mice with chronic inflammatory mucoobstructive lung disease. In this study, we build upon this work to examine the effects of therapeutic intervention with a CatS inhibitor in adult βENaC-Tg mice with established disease. METHODS βENaC-Tg mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with a CatS inhibitor from 4 to 6 weeks of age, and CatS-/- βENaC-Tg mice were analysed at 6 weeks of age. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid inflammatory cell counts were quantified, and lung tissue destruction and mucus obstruction were analysed histologically. RESULTS At 6 weeks of age, βENaC-Tg mice developed significant airway inflammation, lung tissue damage, and mucus plugging when compared to WT mice. CatS-/- βENaC-Tg mice and βENaC-Tg mice receiving inhibitor had significantly reduced airway mononuclear and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts as well as mucus plugging. However, in contrast to CatS-/- βENaC-Tg mice, therapeutic inhibition of CatS in βENaC-Tg mice had no effect on established emphysema-like lung tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that while early CatS targeting may be required to prevent the onset and progression of lung tissue damage, therapeutic CatS targeting effectively inhibited airway inflammation and mucus obstruction. These results indicate the important role CatS may play in the pathogenesis and progression of mucoobstructive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Donna M. Small
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Declan F. Doherty
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Williams
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca J. Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J. Stuart Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Moser C, Jensen PØ, Thomsen K, Kolpen M, Rybtke M, Lauland AS, Trøstrup H, Tolker-Nielsen T. Immune Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625597. [PMID: 33692800 PMCID: PMC7937708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key pathogen of chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and in patients suffering from chronic wounds of diverse etiology. In these infections the bacteria congregate in biofilms and cannot be eradicated by standard antibiotic treatment or host immune responses. The persistent biofilms induce a hyper inflammatory state that results in collateral damage of the adjacent host tissue. The host fails to eradicate the biofilm infection, resulting in hindered remodeling and healing. In the present review we describe our current understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by P. aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis lung infections and chronic wounds. This includes the mechanisms that are involved in the activation of the immune responses, as well as the effector functions, the antimicrobial components and the associated tissue destruction. The mechanisms by which the biofilms evade immune responses, and potential treatment targets of the immune response are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Lauland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Paul S, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Ledesma-Pacheco SJ, Benavides-Aguilar JA, Torres-Copado A, Morales-Rodríguez JI, De Donato M, Srivastava A. Roles of microRNAs in chronic pediatric diseases and their use as potential biomarkers: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108763. [PMID: 33460581 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding highly conserved RNA molecules that can act as master regulators of gene expression in a sequence-specific manner either by translation repression or mRNA degradation, influencing a wide range of biologic processes that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Chronic pediatric diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide among children and the recent evidence indicates that aberrant miRNA expression significantly contributes to the development of chronic pediatric diseases. This review focuses on the role of miRNAs in five major chronic pediatric diseases including bronchial asthma, congenital heart diseases, cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and epilepsy, and their potential use as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Manriquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - S Janin Ledesma-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Javier A Benavides-Aguilar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Andrea Torres-Copado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Jonathan I Morales-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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29
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Yang J, Wang J, Huang K, Zhu M, Liu Q, Liu G, Chen F, Zhang H, Qin S. Selenium enriched Bacillus subtilis yb-1114246 activated the TLR2-NF-κB1 signaling pathway to regulate chicken intestinal β-defensin 1 expression. Food Funct 2021; 12:5913-5926. [PMID: 34028482 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and potential signaling pathway of selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) on beta defensin 1 (BD1) expression in chicken intestine. Chinese Huainan Partridge chickens (500 individuals) were randomly allocated into five groups, including control, inorganic Se, B. subtilis, SEBS, and a mixture of Se and B. subtilis (Se-BS). After 56 d of feeding, chicken ileal mucous membranes were harvested to detect differences in expression of BD1. The results indicated that BD1 was produced in intestinal crypt cells and secreted into the lumen through the villi brush border. BD1 was up-regulated in distal ileum segments colonized by SEBS and B. subtilis. Chicken primary intestinal crypt cells were cultured and grouped into control, inorganic Se, B. subtilis, SEBS, and Se-BS treatments to identify the receptor of B. subtilis. Results indicated that B. subtilis and SEBS were recognized by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), stimulating the NF-κB1 signaling pathway to increase expression of BD-1, which was further enhanced when combined with Se. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were up-regulated with B. subtilis supplementation, and inhibited under the action of Se. In conclusion, B. subtilis and SEBS were recognized by the TLR2 receptor in the ileal mucous membrane, which activated the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB1 signaling pathway to upregulate BD1 expression. In addition, Se enhanced recognition of B. subtilis and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors caused by estrogenic B. subtilis supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400 and College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400 and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China210095
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China210095
| | - Mengling Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Qinxing Liu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Guofang Liu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Shunyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Breeding of Tianjin, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China300384.
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30
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De Lima PO, Nani BD, Rolim GS, Groppo FC, Franz-Montan M, Alves De Moraes AB, Cogo-Müller K, Marcondes FK. Effects of academic stress on the levels of oral volatile sulfur compounds, halitosis-related bacteria and stress biomarkers of healthy female undergraduate students. J Breath Res 2020; 14:036005. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Houston CJ, Taggart CC, Downey DG. The role of inflammation in cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:889-903. [PMID: 32544353 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1778469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic Fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations are critical events in the lives of people with CF that have deleterious effects on lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. There are significant unmet needs in the management of exacerbations. We review here the associated inflammatory changes that underlie these events and are of interest for the development of biomarkers of exacerbation. AREAS COVERED Inflammatory responses in CF are abnormal and contribute to a sustained proinflammatory lung microenvironment, abundant in proinflammatory mediators and deficient in counter-regulatory mediators that terminate and resolve inflammation. There is increasing interest in these inflammatory pathways to discover novel biomarkers for pulmonary exacerbation management. In this review, we explore the inflammatory changes occurring during intravenous antibiotic therapy for exacerbation and how they may be applied as biomarkers to guide exacerbation therapy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database in February 2020. EXPERT OPINION Heterogeneity in inflammatory responses to treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation, a disease process with complex pathophysiology, limits the clinical utility of individual biomarkers. Biomarker panels may be a more successful strategy to capture informative changes within the CF population to improve pulmonary exacerbation management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Houston
- Airway Innate Immunity Group (Aiir), Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Group (Aiir), Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland
| | - Damian G Downey
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Northern Ireland.,Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust , Belfast, UK
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McKelvey MC, Weldon S, McAuley DF, Mall MA, Taggart CC. Targeting Proteases in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Paradigms, Progress, and Potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:141-147. [PMID: 31626562 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1190pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; and.,German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany
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Brown R, Nath S, Lora A, Samaha G, Elgamal Z, Kaiser R, Taggart C, Weldon S, Geraghty P. Cathepsin S: investigating an old player in lung disease pathogenesis, comorbidities, and potential therapeutics. Respir Res 2020; 21:111. [PMID: 32398133 PMCID: PMC7216426 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression and activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal protease and a member of the cysteine cathepsin protease family, is linked to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including a number of conditions affecting the lungs. Extracellular CTSS has potent elastase activity and by processing cytokines and host defense proteins, it also plays a role in the regulation of inflammation. CTSS has also been linked to G-coupled protein receptor activation and possesses an important intracellular role in major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation. Modulated CTSS activity is also associated with pulmonary disease comorbidities, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. CTSS is expressed in a wide variety of immune cells and is biologically active at neutral pH. Herein, we review the significance of CTSS signaling in pulmonary diseases and associated comorbidities. We also discuss CTSS as a plausible therapeutic target and describe recent and current clinical trials examining CTSS inhibition as a means for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sridesh Nath
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alnardo Lora
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ghassan Samaha
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ziyad Elgamal
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Kaiser
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Clifford Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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35
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Vizovišek M, Vidak E, Javoršek U, Mikhaylov G, Bratovš A, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:573-588. [PMID: 32228244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1746765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the development and progression of numerous inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, arthritis, bone and immune disorders. Consequently, there is a drive to progress research efforts focused on cathepsin use in diagnostics and as therapeutic targets in disease.Areas covered: This review discusses the potential of cysteine cathepsins as therapeutic targets in inflammation-associated diseases and recent advances in preclinical and clinical research. We describe direct targeting of cathepsins for treatment purposes and their indirect use in diagnostics.Expert opinion: The targeting of cysteine cathepsins has not translated into the clinic; this failure is attributed to off- and on-target side effects and/or the lack of companion biomarkers. This field now embraces developments in diagnostic imaging, the activation of prodrugs and antibody-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery. The future lies in improved molecular tools and therapeutic concepts that will find a wide spectrum of uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Vidak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georgy Mikhaylov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Bratovš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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36
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Regulation of the Proteolytic Activity of Cysteine Cathepsins by Oxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061944. [PMID: 32178437 PMCID: PMC7139492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their primary involvement in the recycling and degradation of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments and also in specialized biological functions, cysteine cathepsins are pivotal proteolytic contributors of various deleterious diseases. While the molecular mechanisms of regulation via their natural inhibitors have been exhaustively studied, less is currently known about how their enzymatic activity is modulated during the redox imbalance associated with oxidative stress and their exposure resistance to oxidants. More specifically, there is only patchy information on the regulation of lung cysteine cathepsins, while the respiratory system is directly exposed to countless exogenous oxidants contained in dust, tobacco, combustion fumes, and industrial or domestic particles. Papain-like enzymes (clan CA, family C1, subfamily C1A) encompass a conserved catalytic thiolate-imidazolium pair (Cys25-His159) in their active site. Although the sulfhydryl group (with a low acidic pKa) is a potent nucleophile highly susceptible to chemical modifications, some cysteine cathepsins reveal an unanticipated resistance to oxidative stress. Besides an introductory chapter and peculiar attention to lung cysteine cathepsins, the purpose of this review is to afford a concise update of the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cysteine cathepsins by redox balance and by oxidants (e.g., Michael acceptors, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species).
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Özdemir M, Caglayan F, Bikker FJ, Pussinen P, Könönen E, Yamalik N, Gürsoy M, Fteita D, Nazmi K, Güncü GN, Pietiäinen M, Tolvanen M, Gürsoy UK. Gingival tissue human beta-defensin levels in relation to infection and inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:309-318. [PMID: 31799742 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To profile gingival tissue levels of human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 and hBD-3 in relation to gingival inflammation, Th17-related cytokine concentrations, Porphyromonas gingivalis counts, and gingipain and total protease activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 21 periodontitis patients including 48 periodontal pocket sites with marginal, mild, or moderate to severe inflammation. hBD levels were determined by immunodetection, P. gingivalis counts with real-time polymerase chain reaction, protease activities with fluorogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations with Luminex technique. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS Subgingival plaque counts of P. gingivalis (p = .001) and gingipain activity (p < .001), as well as interleukin (IL)-1β (p = .012), IL-10 (p = .024), IL-17A (p = .002), IL-17F (p = .006), and IL-23 (p = .036) concentrations were elevated in severely inflamed sites, whereas no change was observed in hBD-2 and hBD-3 levels. Negative correlations were found between protease activity and hBD-2 (p = .033) and hBD-3(p = .003) levels. CONCLUSIONS Shift in gingival inflammation from marginal to mild stage is related to elevations in subgingival plaque P. gingivalis counts and gingipain activity, but not to tissue hBD levels. Negative correlations between hBDs and total protease activity suggest the degradation of these antimicrobial peptides in progressed inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Özdemir
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feriha Caglayan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nermin Yamalik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Güliz N Güncü
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Berkebile AR, Bartlett JA, Abou Alaiwa M, Varga SM, Power UF, McCray PB. Airway Surface Liquid Has Innate Antiviral Activity That Is Reduced in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:104-111. [PMID: 31242392 PMCID: PMC6938132 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0304oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic bacterial infections and inflammation are associated with progressive lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), much less is known regarding the contributions of respiratory viral infections to this process. Clinical studies suggest that antiviral host defenses may be compromised in individuals with CF, and CF airway epithelia exhibit impaired antiviral responses in vitro. Here, we used the CF pig model to test the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of respiratory secretions is reduced in CF. We developed an in vitro assay to measure the innate antiviral activity present in airway surface liquid (ASL) from CF and non-CF pigs. We found that tracheal and nasal ASL from newborn non-CF pigs exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity against several enveloped and encapsidated viruses, including Sendai virus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A, and adenovirus. Importantly, we found that the anti-Sendai virus activity of nasal ASL from newborn CF pigs was significantly diminished relative to non-CF littermate controls. This diminution of extracellular antiviral defenses appears to be driven, at least in part, by the differences in pH between CF and non-CF ASL. These data highlight the novel antiviral properties of native airway secretions and suggest the possibility that defects in extracellular antiviral defenses contribute to CF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven M. Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pathology, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Ultan F. Power
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics
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Molecular characterization of pulmonary defenses against bacterial invasion in allergic asthma: The role of Foxa2 in regulation of β-defensin 1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226517. [PMID: 31881038 PMCID: PMC6934329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma, characterized by chronic airway Th2-dominated inflammation, is associated with an increased risk of infection; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Forkhead box protein A2 (Foxa2) plays a critical role in Th2 inflammation and is associated with pulmonary defenses. To determining the role of Foxa2 in Th2-dominated lung inflammation against the invading bacteria, we established a mouse OVA-sensitized model, an Escherichia coli lung invasion model, and mice with conditional deletion of Foxa2 in respiratory epithelial cells. The number of bacteria in the lung tissue was counted to assess clearance ability of lung. Lung inflammation and histopathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining. It was found that OVA-sensitized mice had decreased E. coli clearance, reduced Foxa2 expression, and decreased DEFB1 secretion. Conditional deletion of Foxa2 in respiratory epithelial cells led to decreased clearance of E. coli and impaired secretion of DEFB1, similar to the OVA-induced allergic condition. The impaired secretion of DEFB1 may be responsible for the increased risk of infection in the Th2-dominated airway inflammation. Dual luciferase assay demonstrated that Foxa2 regulates DEFB1 expression by affecting its promoter activity in HBE cells. Our study indicated that Foxa2 plays an important role in Th2-dominated airway inflammation against invading bacteria. Conditional deletion of Foxa2 in respiratory epithelial cells can reduce pulmonary's defense against bacterial invasion by inhibiting DEFB1expression.
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40
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McElvaney OJ, Wade P, Murphy M, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. Targeting airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1041-1055. [PMID: 31530195 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1666715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is lung disease. Inflammation in the CF airways occurs from a young age and contributes significantly to disease progression and shortened life expectancy. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the key immune cells involved in airway inflammation in CF, the contribution of the intrinsic genetic defect to the CF inflammatory phenotype, and anti-inflammatory strategies designed to overcome what is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. Review of the literature was carried out using the MEDLINE (from 1975 to 2018), Google Scholar and The Cochrane Library databases. Expert opinion: Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting the defective CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein have changed the clinical landscape and significantly improved the outlook for CF. As survival estimates for people with CF increase, long-term management has become an important focus, with an increased need for therapies targeted at specific elements of inflammation, to complement CFTR modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Patricia Wade
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Mark Murphy
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Emer P Reeves
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Irish Centre for Genetic Lung Disease, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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41
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Doherty DF, Nath S, Poon J, Foronjy RF, Ohlmeyer M, Dabo AJ, Salathe M, Birrell M, Belvisi M, Baumlin N, Kim MD, Weldon S, Taggart C, Geraghty P. Protein Phosphatase 2A Reduces Cigarette Smoke-induced Cathepsin S and Loss of Lung Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:51-62. [PMID: 30641028 PMCID: PMC6603057 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201808-1518oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: CTSS (cathepsin S) is a cysteine protease that is observed at higher concentrations in BAL fluid and plasma of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To investigate whether CTSS is involved in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced COPD and determine whether targeting upstream signaling could prevent the disease. Methods: CTSS expression was investigated in animal and human tissue and cell models of COPD. Ctss-/- mice were exposed to long-term cigarette smoke and forced oscillation and expiratory measurements were recorded. Animals were administered chemical modulators of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) activity. Measurements and Main Results: Here we observed enhanced CTSS expression and activity in mouse lungs after exposure to cigarette smoke. Ctss-/- mice were resistant to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, airspace enlargements, and loss of lung function. CTSS expression was negatively regulated by PP2A in human bronchial epithelial cells isolated from healthy nonsmokers and COPD donors and in monocyte-derived macrophages. Modulating PP2A expression or activity, with silencer siRNA or a chemical inhibitor or activator, during acute smoke exposure in mice altered inflammatory responses and CTSS expression and activity in the lung. Enhancement of PP2A activity prevented chronic smoke-induced COPD in mice. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the decrease in PP2A activity that occurs in COPD contributes to elevated CTSS expression in the lungs and results in impaired lung function. Enhancing PP2A activity represents a feasible therapeutic approach to reduce CTSS activity and counter smoke-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan F. Doherty
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sridesh Nath
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Justin Poon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Robert F. Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Atux Iskay LLC, Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Abdoulaye J. Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Mark Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; and
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael D. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York
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42
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Malhotra S, Hayes D, Wozniak DJ. Cystic Fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the Host-Microbe Interface. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00138-18. [PMID: 31142499 PMCID: PMC6589863 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00138-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In human pathophysiology, the clash between microbial infection and host immunity contributes to multiple diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a classical example of this phenomenon, wherein a dysfunctional, hyperinflammatory immune response combined with chronic pulmonary infections wreak havoc upon the airway, leading to a disease course of substantial morbidity and shortened life span. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly infects the CF lung, promoting an accelerated decline of pulmonary function. Importantly, P. aeruginosa exhibits significant resistance to innate immune effectors and to antibiotics, in part, by expressing specific virulence factors (e.g., antioxidants and exopolysaccharides) and by acquiring adaptive mutations during chronic infection. In an effort to review our current understanding of the host-pathogen interface driving CF pulmonary disease, we discuss (i) the progression of disease within the primitive CF lung, specifically focusing on the role of host versus bacterial factors; (ii) critical, neutrophil-derived innate immune effectors that are implicated in CF pulmonary disease, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptides (e.g., LL-37); (iii) P. aeruginosa virulence factors and adaptive mutations that enable evasion of the host response; and (iv) ongoing work examining the distribution and colocalization of host and bacterial factors within distinct anatomical niches of the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Malhotra
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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43
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Small DM, Brown RR, Doherty DF, Abladey A, Zhou-Suckow Z, Delaney RJ, Kerrigan L, Dougan CM, Borensztajn KS, Holsinger L, Booth R, Scott CJ, López-Campos G, Elborn JS, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Targeting of cathepsin S reduces cystic fibrosis-like lung disease. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01523-2018. [PMID: 30655278 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01523-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CatS) is upregulated in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, its role in CF lung disease pathogenesis remains unclear.In this study, β-epithelial Na+ channel-overexpressing transgenic (βENaC-Tg) mice, a model of CF-like lung disease, were crossed with CatS null (CatS-/-) mice or treated with the CatS inhibitor VBY-999.Levels of active CatS were elevated in the lungs of βENaC-Tg mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. CatS-/-βENaC-Tg mice exhibited decreased pulmonary inflammation, mucus obstruction and structural lung damage compared with βENaC-Tg mice. Pharmacological inhibition of CatS resulted in a significant decrease in pulmonary inflammation, lung damage and mucus plugging in the lungs of βENaC-Tg mice. In addition, instillation of CatS into the lungs of WT mice resulted in inflammation, lung remodelling and upregulation of mucin expression. Inhibition of the CatS target, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), in βENaC-Tg mice resulted in a reduction in airway inflammation and mucin expression, indicating a role for this receptor in CatS-induced lung pathology.Our data indicate an important role for CatS in the pathogenesis of CF-like lung disease mediated in part by PAR2 and highlight CatS as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Small
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ryan R Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Declan F Doherty
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anthony Abladey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Zhe Zhou-Suckow
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca J Delaney
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lauren Kerrigan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Caoifa M Dougan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- INSERM UMRS_933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christopher J Scott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Guillermo López-Campos
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Bailleul G, Guabiraba R, Virlogeux-Payant I, Lantier I, Trotereau J, Gilbert FB, Wiedemann A, Trotereau A, Velge P, Schouler C, Lalmanach AC. Systemic Administration of Avian Defensin 7: Distribution, Cellular Target, and Antibacterial Potential in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:541. [PMID: 30972041 PMCID: PMC6444188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are natural antimicrobial peptides. The avian beta-defensin AvBD7 isolated from the chicken bone marrow possess broad antibacterial spectrum and strong resistance to proteolysis. However, its ability to fight systemic infections of major concern for public health, such as salmonellosis, is unknown. As a first approach, fluorescence labeling of AvBD7 allowed to track its systemic distribution after intraperitoneal injection in mice using whole body live imaging. It was associated to peritoneal cells and to deeper organs such as the liver. In the next step, the use of labeled AvBD7 allowed to observe its interaction with murine macrophages in culture. After incubation, it was able to penetrate inside the cells through an endocytosis-like mechanism. Furthermore, natural AvBD7 contributed to the control of intracellular multiplication of a multidrug resistant Salmonella strain, after incubation with infected macrophages. Finally, administration in a model of systemic lethal Salmonella infection in mice led to significant improvement of mouse survival, consistently with significant reduction of the liver bacterial load. In conclusion, the results reveal a hitherto unknown intracellular antibacterial effect of AvBD7 in Salmonella target cells and support AvBD7 as a candidate of interest for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Bailleul
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Isabelle Lantier
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florence B Gilbert
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angélina Trotereau
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
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Cytokines IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ Alter the Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins Disparately: A Targeted Proteomics Analysis using SOMAscan Technology. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030051. [PMID: 30087279 PMCID: PMC6161169 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defence peptides, are immunomodulatory molecules required to resolve infections. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (APPs) are important in the control of infections in the lungs. Despite evidence that APPs exhibit a wide range of immune functions and modulate inflammation, the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the expression of APPs is not completely defined. In this study, we profiled the expression of 39 different APPs in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) using Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer)-based protein array, in the presence and absence of three different inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ). Expression of 13 different APPs was altered in response to IL-17, TNF or IFN-γ. Independent validations of selected proteins from the proteomics screen i.e., those that were significantly enhanced by >2-fold change (p < 0.01) using western blots conclusively demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines alter the expression of APPs differentially. For example, the abundance of cathepsin S was enhanced by only IFN-γ, whereas lipocalin-2 was increased by IL-17 alone. Abundance of elafin increased in presence of IL-17 or TNF, but decreased in response to IFN-γ. Whereas the abundance of cathepsin V decreased following stimulation with IL-17, TNF and IFN-γ. The results of this study demonstrate that inflammatory cytokines alter the expression of APPs disparately. This suggests that the composition of the inflammatory cytokine milieu may influence APPs abundance and thus alter the processes required for infection control and regulation of inflammation in the lungs.
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De Rose V, Molloy K, Gohy S, Pilette C, Greene CM. Airway Epithelium Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1309746. [PMID: 29849481 PMCID: PMC5911336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1309746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by environmental factors (mostly cigarette smoking) on a genetically susceptible background. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are different, both are associated with progressive airflow obstruction, airway neutrophilic inflammation, and recurrent exacerbations, suggesting common mechanisms. The airway epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal airway functions. Major molecular and morphologic changes occur in the airway epithelium in both CF and COPD, and growing evidence suggests that airway epithelial dysfunction is involved in disease initiation and progression in both diseases. Structural and functional abnormalities in both airway and alveolar epithelium have a relevant impact on alteration of host defences, immune/inflammatory response, and the repair process leading to progressive lung damage and impaired lung function. In this review, we address the evidence for a critical role of dysfunctional airway epithelial cells in chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in CF and COPD, highlighting the common mechanisms involved in the epithelial dysfunction as well as the similarities and differences of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia De Rose
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, A.O.U. S. Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Kevin Molloy
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
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Laguna TA, Williams CB, Nunez MG, Welchlin-Bradford C, Moen CE, Reilly CS, Wendt CH. Biomarkers of inflammation in infants with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:6. [PMID: 29310632 PMCID: PMC5759377 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are urgent needs for clinically relevant biomarkers to identify children with cystic fibrosis (CF) at risk for more progressive lung disease and to serve as outcome measures for clinical trials. Our objective was to investigate three targeted biomarkers in a population of asymptomatic CF infants. Methods Urine, blood and lung function data were collected for 2 years from clinically stable infants diagnosed with CF by newborn screening. A subset of CF infants had bronchoscopy with lavage performed at 6 months and 1 year. Urine was collected quarterly from healthy control infants. Expectorated sputum and urine were collected quarterly for 2 years from clinically stable CF adults. Desmosine, club cell secretory protein (CCSP) and cathepsin B concentrations were measured and compared. Mixed effects models were used to identify associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical characteristics. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers. Results Urinary cathepsin B was significantly higher in CF infants compared to healthy infants (p = 0.005). CF infant airway and urinary cathepsin B concentrations were significantly lower compared to adult CF subjects (p = 0.002 & p = 0.022, respectively). CF infant airway CCSP was significantly higher than adult CF subjects (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between CF infant plasma CCSP and BALF CCSP (p = 0.046). BALF CCSP was negatively associated with IL-8 (p = 0.017). There was no correlation between biomarker concentration and FEV0.5. Conclusions Cathepsin B and CCSP show promise as biomarkers of inflammation in CF infants. Further study is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0713-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Laguna
- Minnesota CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 420 Delaware St. SE; MMC-742, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Cynthia B Williams
- Minnesota CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 420 Delaware St. SE; MMC-742, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Myra G Nunez
- Minnesota CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 420 Delaware St. SE; MMC-742, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cole Welchlin-Bradford
- Minnesota CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 420 Delaware St. SE; MMC-742, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Catherine E Moen
- Minnesota CF Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 420 Delaware St. SE; MMC-742, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cavan S Reilly
- School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chris H Wendt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Puglia M, Landi C, Gagliardi A, Breslin L, Armini A, Brunetti J, Pini A, Bianchi L, Bini L. The proteome speciation of an immortalized cystic fibrosis cell line: New perspectives on the pathophysiology of the disease. J Proteomics 2018; 170:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bragonzi A, Horati H, Kerrigan L, Lorè NI, Scholte BJ, Weldon S. Inflammation and host-pathogen interaction: Cause and consequence in cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 17:S40-S45. [PMID: 29107600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease is associated with dysregulation of host defence systems, which ultimately disrupts the balance between inflammation and resolution and leaves the host susceptible to repeated infection. However, the mechanisms underlying these defects are complex and continue to garner significant interest among the CF research community. This review explores emerging data on novel aspects of innate host defence with promising biomarker and therapeutic potential for CF lung disease. Improved understanding of inflammation and host defence against pathogens in patients and animal models during the progression of CF lung disease is pivotal for the discovery of new therapeutics that can limit and/or prevent damage from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bragonzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Hamed Horati
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Kerrigan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Bob J Scholte
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom.
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Zhu M, Miao B, Zhu J, Wang H, Zhou Z. Expression and antimicrobial character of cells transfected with human β‑defensin‑3 against periodontitis‑associated microbiota in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2455-2460. [PMID: 28677765 PMCID: PMC5547979 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease induced by microorganisms that can destroy tooth-supporting structures. Human β-defensin-3 (HBD-3) is a type of endogenous antimicrobial peptide that inhibits a broad spectrum of microorganisms. The objectives of the present study were to transfect human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) and human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) with lentivirus containing the HBD-3 gene, determine the transfection efficiency, and investigate the antimicrobial activity of the experimental cells against periodontal pathogens. Fluorescence microscopy was used to calculated the transfection efficiency. Western blot analysis and ELISA were conducted to confirm the expression of HBD-3 at the protein level. The effect of the HBD-3 gene on the antimicrobial activity of the cells were demonstrated by antimicrobial tests. The results of the present study demonstrated that the transfected HPDLCs and HBMSCs stably expressed HBD-3. In addition, periodontal pathogens and caries-causing bacteria were susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of the cells. Both HPDLCs and HBMSCs hold potential for use as seeding cells in cell- and gene-based therapies for periodontal disease. The lentiviral vector containing HBD-3 resulted in broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of oral organisms, and could potentially be applied in the treatment of oral infectious diseases, including periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Zhu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bo Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 100012, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Periodontal Mucosa, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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