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Tai Y, Chen M, Wang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai B, Yan L, Luo Y, Li Y. The role of dendritic cells in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111548. [PMID: 38244518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are asserted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate both innate and adaptive immunity, being extremely effective in the induction of robust anti-cancer T cell responses. Hence, the modulation of DCs function represents an attractive target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy. A better understanding of the immunobiology of DCs, the interaction among DCs, immune effector cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the latest advances in biomedical engineering technology would be required for the design of optimal DC-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on elaborating the immunobiology of DCs in healthy and cancer environments, the recent advances in the development of enhancing endogenous DCs immunocompetence via immunomodulators as well as DC-based vaccines. The rapidly developing field of applying nanotechnology to improve DC-based immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Jiang H, Jiang J. Balancing act: the complex role of NK cells in immune regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275028. [PMID: 38022497 PMCID: PMC10652757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as fundamental components of innate immunity, can quickly react to abnormalities within the body. In-depth research has revealed that NK cells possess regulatory functions not only in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity under various conditions. Multiple aspects of the adaptive immune process are regulated through NK cells. In our review, we have integrated multiple studies to illuminate the regulatory function of NK cells in regulating B cell and T cell responses during adaptive immune processes, focusing on aspects including viral infections and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These insights provide us with many new understandings on how NK cells regulate different phases of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Tadepalli S, Clements DR, Saravanan S, Hornero RA, Lüdtke A, Blackmore B, Paulo JA, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Seong D, Park S, Chan L, Kopecky BJ, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Lavine KJ, Murphy JP, Mack M, Graves EE, Idoyaga J. Rapid recruitment and IFN-I-mediated activation of monocytes dictate focal radiotherapy efficacy. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd7446. [PMID: 37294749 PMCID: PMC10340791 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the low efficacy of preclinical nonconformal radiotherapy (RT) for tumors. However, nonconformal RT (non-CRT) does not mimic clinical practice, and little is known about the role of monocytes after RT modes used in patients, such as conformal RT (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune response induced by after CRT. Contrary to non-CRT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages or dendritic cells but instead up-regulate major histocompatibility complex II and costimulatory molecules. We found that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for activating effector polyfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that reduce tumor burden. Mechanistically, we show that monocyte-derived type I interferon is pivotal in promoting monocyte accumulation and immunostimulatory function in a positive feedback loop. We also demonstrate that monocyte accumulation in the tumor microenvironment is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues, as occurs in non-CRT. Our results unravel the immunostimulatory function of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Derek R. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sanjana Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anja Lüdtke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beau Blackmore
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - David Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Leslie Chan
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Kopecky
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif 94800, France
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Patrick Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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Graciliano NG, Tenório MCS, Fragoso MBT, Moura FA, Botelho RM, Tanabe ELL, Borbely KSC, Borbely AU, Oliveira ACM, Goulart MOF. The impact on colostrum oxidative stress, cytokines, and immune cells composition after SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031248. [PMID: 36591280 PMCID: PMC9798093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available regarding the differences between immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum following maternal infection during pregnancy with coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19). Objective To investigate whether maternal COVID-19 infection may affect immunological, biochemical, and cellular contents of human colostrum. Methods Using a case-control study design, we collected colostrum from 14 lactating women with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy and 12 without a clear diagnosis during September 2020 to May 2021. Colostrum samples were analysed for some enzymes and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA, GSH, GSSG, H2O2, MPO) and for IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, protein induced by interferon gamma (IP)-10, IL-8, IFN-λ1, IL12p70, IFN-α2, IFN-λ2/3, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ, along with IgA and IgG for the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. We perform immunophenotyping to assess the frequency of different cell types in the colostrum. Results Colostrum from the COVID-19 symptomatic group in pregnancy contained reduced levels of H2O2, IFN-α2, and GM-CSF. This group had higher levels of GSH, and both NK cell subtypes CD3-CD56brightCD16-CD27+IFN-γ+ and CD3-CD56dimCD16+CD27- were also increased. Conclusion The present results reinforce the protective role of colostrum even in the case of mild SARS-Cov-2 infection, in addition to demonstrating how adaptive the composition of colostrum is after infections. It also supports the recommendation to encourage lactating women to continue breastfeeding after COVID-19 illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Gomes Graciliano
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rayane Martins Botelho
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Lopes Lira Tanabe
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Urban Borbely
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alane Cabral Menezes Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kwart D, He J, Srivatsan S, Lett C, Golubov J, Oswald EM, Poon P, Ye X, Waite J, Zaretsky AG, Haxhinasto S, Au-Yeung E, Gupta NT, Chiu J, Adler C, Cherravuru S, Malahias E, Negron N, Lanza K, Coppola A, Ni M, Song H, Wei Y, Atwal GS, Macdonald L, Oristian NS, Poueymirou W, Jankovic V, Fury M, Lowy I, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Wang B, Skokos D. Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111769. [PMID: 36476866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are highly plastic immune cells that modulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate tumor monocyte functions is critical for developing effective immunotherapies. Here, we determine that endogenous cancer cell-derived type I interferons (IFNs) control monocyte functional polarization. Guided by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human and mouse tumors, we devise a strategy to distinguish and separate immunostimulatory from immunosuppressive tumor monocytes by surface CD88 and Sca-1 expression. Leveraging this approach, we show that cGAS-STING-regulated cancer cell-derived IFNs polarize immunostimulatory monocytes associated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response in mice. We also demonstrate that immunosuppressive monocytes convert into immunostimulatory monocytes upon cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING activation. Consistently, we find that human cancer cells can produce type I IFNs that polarize monocytes, and our immunostimulatory monocyte gene signature is enriched in patient tumors that respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our work exposes a role for cancer cell-derived IFNs in licensing monocyte functions that influence immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kwart
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jing He
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hang Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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Wang L, Chen Z, Liu G, Pan Y. Functional crosstalk and regulation of natural killer cells in tumor microenvironment: Significance and potential therapeutic strategies. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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D'Alessandro LA, Klingmüller U, Schilling M. Deciphering signal transduction networks in the liver by mechanistic mathematical modelling. Biochem J 2022; 479:1361-74. [PMID: 35748700 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20210548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In health and disease, liver cells are continuously exposed to cytokines and growth factors. While individual signal transduction pathways induced by these factors were studied in great detail, the cellular responses induced by repeated or combined stimulations are complex and less understood. Growth factor receptors on the cell surface of hepatocytes were shown to be regulated by receptor interactions, receptor trafficking and feedback regulation. Here, we exemplify how mechanistic mathematical modelling based on quantitative data can be employed to disentangle these interactions at the molecular level. Crucial is the analysis at a mechanistic level based on quantitative longitudinal data within a mathematical framework. In such multi-layered information, step-wise mathematical modelling using submodules is of advantage, which is fostered by sharing of standardized experimental data and mathematical models. Integration of signal transduction with metabolic regulation in the liver and mechanistic links to translational approaches promise to provide predictive tools for biology and personalized medicine.
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Russo E, Laffranchi M, Tomaipitinca L, Del Prete A, Santoni A, Sozzani S, Bernardini G. NK Cell Anti-Tumor Surveillance in a Myeloid Cell-Shaped Environment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:787116. [PMID: 34975880 PMCID: PMC8718597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphoid cells endowed with cytotoxic capacity that play key roles in the immune surveillance of tumors. Increasing evidence indicates that NK cell anti-tumor response is shaped by bidirectional interactions with myeloid cell subsets such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. DC-NK cell crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment (TME) strongly impacts on the overall NK cell anti-tumor response as DCs can affect NK cell survival and optimal activation while, in turn, NK cells can stimulate DCs survival, maturation and tumor infiltration through the release of soluble factors. Similarly, macrophages can either shape NK cell differentiation and function by expressing activating receptor ligands and/or cytokines, or they can contribute to the establishment of an immune-suppressive microenvironment through the expression and secretion of molecules that ultimately lead to NK cell inhibition. Consequently, the exploitation of NK cell interaction with DCs or macrophages in the tumor context may result in an improvement of efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Laffranchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Clavijo-Salomon MA, Salcedo R, Roy S, das Neves RX, Dzutsev A, Sales-Campos H, Borbely KS, Silla L, Orange JS, Mace EM, Barbuto JAM, Trinchieri G. Human NK cells prime inflammatory DC precursors to induce Tc17 differentiation. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3990-4006. [PMID: 32841340 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are acknowledged to evolve from innate immunity. However, limited information exists regarding whether encounters between innate cells direct the generation of specialized T-cell subsets. We aim to understand how natural killer (NK) cells modulate cell-mediated immunity in humans. We found that human CD14+CD16- monocytes that differentiate into inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) are shaped at the early stages of differentiation by cell-to-cell interactions with NK cells. Although a fraction of monocytes is eliminated by NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the polarization of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) at the NKp30-stabilized synapses triggers a stable IFN-γ signature in surviving monocytes that persists after their differentiation into DCs. Notably, NK-cell-instructed DCs drive the priming of type 17 CD8+ T cells (Tc17) with the capacity to produce IFN-γ and interleukin-17A. Compared with healthy donors, this cellular network is impaired in patients with classical NK-cell deficiency driven by mutations in the GATA2 gene. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized connection by which Tc17-mediated immunity might be regulated by NK-cell-mediated tuning of antigen-presenting cells.
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Lin XJ, Dai HP, Wang AJ, Chen F, Ma X, Sun AN, Zhu XM, Qiu HY, Jin ZM, Miao M, Xue SL, Mao XL, Wu DP, Tang XW. Effects of preemptive interferon-α monotherapy in acute leukemia patients with relapse tendency after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case-control study. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2195-204. [PMID: 29995264 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFN-α) inhibits tumor growth and mimics graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the current case-control study, we compared treatment responses in acute leukemia patients with relapse tendency post-allo-HSCT receiving preemptive IFN-α after withdrawal of immunosuppressants (n = 31) vs. receiving no IFN-α (n = 67). In the IFN-α group, 25 patients responded to the treatment without progressing to hematological relapse. In the non-IFN-α group, only 22 patients responded to the treatment. The response rate differed significantly (80.6 vs. 32.8%, P < 0.001). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 31.6 and 61.2% in the IFN-α and the non-IFN groups, respectively (P = 0.006). The 2-year leukemia-free survival and overall survival rate was 57.4 vs. 28.4% (P < 0.001) and 67.6 vs. 32.9% (P = 0.001), respectively. Among the 31 patients in the IFN-α group, 18 patients (58.1%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): 6 acute and 12 limited chronic GVHD. Patients who developed GVHD had higher treatment response rate than patients without GVHD (88.9 vs. 53.8%, P = 0.022). In conclusion, preemptive IFN-α therapy is a safe and effective treatment to prevent disease progression in high-risk patients with relapse tendency post-allo-HSCT.
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Tyrinova T, Leplina O, Mishinov S, Tikhonova M, Kalinovskiy A, Chernov S, Dolgova E, Stupak V, Voronina E, Bogachev S, Shevela E, Ostanin A, Chernykh E. Defective Dendritic Cell Cytotoxic Activity of High-Grade Glioma Patients' Results from the Low Expression of Membrane TNFα and Can Be Corrected In Vitro by Treatment with Recombinant IL-2 or Exogenic Double-Stranded DNA. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:298-310. [PMID: 29932796 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides initiation of tumor-specific T cell immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are endowed with tumoricidal activity. Previously, we showed that monocyte-derived DCs of high-grade glioma patients generated in the presence of interferon alpha (IFNα) (IFN-DCs) have impaired cytotoxic activity against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-sensitive HEp-2 tumor cells. Herein, we demonstrate that decreased transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα) expression, but not soluble TNFα (sTNFα) production by high-grade glioma patient IFN-DCs, determines the defective tumoricidal activity against TNFα-sensitive HEp-2 cells. Blocking TNFα-converting enzyme or stimulation of patient IFN-DCs with rIL-2 or dsDNA enhances tmTNFα expression on IFN-DCs and significantly increases their cytotoxicity. Decreased tmTNFα expression on patient IFN-DCs is not caused by downregulation of pNFκB. Neither rIL-2 nor dsDNA upregulates tmTNFα expression on patient IFN-DCs via an increase of pNFκB. The current study shows an important role of tmTNFα as mediator of IFN-DC tumoricidal activity and as molecular target for the restoration of defective DC killer activity in high-grade glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tyrinova
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Leplina
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Mishinov
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Zivian , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Tikhonova
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton Kalinovskiy
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Neurosurgical Center , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Chernov
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Federal Neurosurgical Center , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Dolgova
- 4 Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Stupak
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Zivian , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Voronina
- 5 Laboratory of Morphological and Molecular Biology Techniques, Regional Center of High Medical Technologies , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Bogachev
- 4 Laboratory of Induced Cellular Processes, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shevela
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Ostanin
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Chernykh
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology , Novosibirsk, Russia
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Valdebenito S, Barreto A, Eugenin EA. The role of connexin and pannexin containing channels in the innate and acquired immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2017; 1860:154-165. [PMID: 28559189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Connexin (Cx) and pannexin (Panx) containing channels - gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) - are present in virtually all cells and tissues. Currently, the role of these channels under physiological conditions is well defined. However, their role in the immune response and pathological conditions has only recently been explored. Data from several laboratories demonstrates that infectious agents, including HIV, have evolved to take advantage of GJs and HCs to improve viral/bacterial replication, enhance inflammation, and help spread toxicity into neighboring areas. In the current review, we discuss the role of Cx and Panx containing channels in immune activation and the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Barreto
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Koya T, Yanagisawa R, Higuchi Y, Sano K, Shimodaira S. Interferon-α-inducible Dendritic Cells Matured with OK-432 Exhibit TRAIL and Fas Ligand Pathway-mediated Killer Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42145. [PMID: 28191816 DOI: 10.1038/srep42145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Active human dendritic cells (DCs), which efficiently induce immune responses through their functions as antigen-presenting cells, exhibit direct anti-tumour killing activity in response to some pathogens and cytokines. These antigen-presenting and tumour killing abilities may provide a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this killer DC activity have not been fully proven, despite the establishment of interferon-α (IFN-α)-generated killer DCs (IFN-DCs). Here mature IFN-DCs (mIFN-DCs), generated from IFN-DCs primed with OK-432 (streptococcal preparation), exhibited elevated expression of CD86 and human leukocyte antigen-DR (minimum criteria for DC vaccine clinical trials) as well as antigen-presenting abilities comparable with those of mature IL-4-DCs (mIL-4-DCs). Interestingly, the killing activity of mIFN-DCs, which correlated with the expression of CD56 (natural killer cell marker) and was activated via the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas ligand pathway, was stronger than that of IFN-DCs and remarkably stronger than that of mIL-4-DCs. Therefore, mIFN-DCs exhibit great potential as an anti-cancer vaccine that would promote both acquired immunity and direct tumour killing.
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Dijkgraaf EM, Santegoets SJAM, Reyners AKL, Goedemans R, Nijman HW, van Poelgeest MIE, van Erkel AR, Smit VTHBM, Daemen TAHH, van der Hoeven JJM, Melief CJM, Welters MJP, Kroep JR, van der Burg SH. A phase 1/2 study combining gemcitabine, Pegintron and p53 SLP vaccine in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32228-43. [PMID: 26334096 PMCID: PMC4741673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preclinical tumor models show that chemotherapy has immune modulatory properties which can be exploited in the context of immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and immunogenicity of combinations of such an immunomodulatory chemotherapeutic agent with immunotherapy, p53 synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccine and Pegintron (IFN-α) in patients with platinum-resistant p53-positive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Experimental design This is a phase 1/2 trial in which patients sequential 6 cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/kg2 iv; n = 3), gemcitabine with Pegintron before and after the first gemcitabine cycle (Pegintron 1 μg/kg sc; n = 6), and gemcitabine and Pegintron combined with p53 SLP vaccine (0.3 mg/peptide, 9 peptides; n = 6). At baseline, 22 days after the 2nd and 6th cycle, blood was collected for immunomonitoring. Toxicity, CA-125, and radiologic response were evaluated after 3 and 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Results None of the patients enrolled experienced dose-limiting toxicity. Predominant grade 3/4 toxicities were nausea/vomiting and dyspnea. Grade 1/2 toxicities consisted of fatigue (78%) and Pegintron-related flu-like symptoms (72%). Gemcitabine reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (p = 0.0005) and increased immune-supportive M1 macrophages (p = 0.04). Combination of gemcitabine and Pegintron stimulated higher frequencies of circulating proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells but not regulatory T-cells. All vaccinated patients showed strong vaccine-induced p53-specific T-cell responses. Conclusion Combination of gemcitabine, the immune modulator Pegintron and therapeutic peptide vaccination is a viable approach in the development of combined chemo-immunotherapeutic regimens to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Dijkgraaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - An K L Reyners
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Goedemans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arien R van Erkel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Toos A H H Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marij J P Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Kroep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lapenta C, Donati S, Spadaro F, Castaldo P, Belardelli F, Cox MC, Santini SM. NK Cell Activation in the Antitumor Response Induced by IFN-α Dendritic Cells Loaded with Apoptotic Cells from Follicular Lymphoma Patients. J I 2016; 197:795-806. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Saïdi H, Bras M, Formaglio P, Melki MT, Charbit B, Herbeuval JP, Gougeon ML. HMGB1 Is Involved in IFN-α Production and TRAIL Expression by HIV-1-Exposed Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Impact of the Crosstalk with NK Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005407. [PMID: 26871575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate sensors of viral infections and important mediators of antiviral innate immunity through their ability to produce large amounts of IFN-α. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and 9 (TLR9) ligands, such as HIV and CpG respectively, turn pDCs into TRAIL-expressing killer pDCs able to lyse HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. NK cells can regulate antiviral immunity by modulating pDC functions, and pDC production of IFN-α as well as cell–cell contact is required to promote NK cell functions. Impaired pDC-NK cell crosstalk was reported in the setting of HIV-1 infection, but the impact of HIV-1 on TRAIL expression and innate antiviral immunity during this crosstalk is unknown. Here, we report that low concentrations of CCR5-tropic HIV-1Ba-L promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-α, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12, and CCR5-interacting chemokines (MIP-1α and MIP-1β) in NK-pDCs co-cultures. At high HIV-1BaL concentrations, the addition of NK cells did not promote the release of these mediators, suggesting that once efficiently triggered by the virus, pDCs could not integrate new activating signals delivered by NK cells. However, high HIV-1BaL concentrations were required to trigger IFN-α-mediated TRAIL expression at the surface of both pDCs and NK cells during their crosstalk. Interestingly, we identified the alarmin HMGB1, released at pDC-NK cell synapse, as an essential trigger for the secretion of IFN-α and IFN-related soluble mediators during the interplay of HIV-1 exposed pDCs with NK cells. Moreover, HMGB1 was found crucial for mTRAIL translocation to the plasma membrane of both pDCs and NK cells during their crosstalk following pDC exposure to HIV-1. Data from serum analyses of circulating HMGB1, HMGB1-specific antibodies, sTRAIL and IP-10 in a cohort of 67 HIV-1+ patients argue for the in vivo relevance of these observations. Altogether, these findings identify HMGB1 as a trigger for IFN-α-mediated TRAIL expression at the surface of pDCs and NK cells, and they suggest a novel mechanism of innate control of HIV-1 infection. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the most potent IFN-α-producing cells and serve as an essential link between innate and adaptive immunity. Exposure of pDCs to HIV-1 triggers IFN-α production, which in turn upregulates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), turning pDCs into killer pDCs, able to kill infected CD4+ T cells. At sites of infection, pDCs might activate or get activated by Natural killer (NK) cells, and pDC-NK cell-cell contact is required to promote the cytolytic potential of NK cells. Functional defects in the pDC and NK cell compartments were reported in the setting of HIV-1 infection, but the precise mechanisms by which HIV impairs NK cell and pDC crosstalk remain to be fully elucidated. To address this question, we developed an ex-vivo model of NK-pDC interaction, based on a short-term contact between sorted peripheral NK cells and purified pDCs exposed to HIV-1BaL. We found that the concentration of HIV-1 is critical to sustain the functional activation of both pDCs and NK cells. Moreover, we identified the alarmin HMGB1 as an essential trigger for the secretion of IFN-α and IFN-related soluble mediators during the interplay of HIV-1-exposed pDCs and NK cells. HMGB1 was also found crucial for HIV-1-induced translocation of TRAIL on both pDC and NK cell membrane. The in vivo relevance of the interdependency between HMGB1, IFN- and TRAIL is suggested by the strong positive correlations between circulating levels of these mediators in a cohort of 67 HIV-1 infected patients. Altogether these findings highlight a new function for HMGB1 and they suggest a novel mechanism of innate control of HIV infection.
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Rozera C, Cappellini GA, D'Agostino G, Santodonato L, Castiello L, Urbani F, Macchia I, Aricò E, Casorelli I, Sestili P, Montefiore E, Monque D, Carlei D, Napolitano M, Rizza P, Moschella F, Buccione C, Belli R, Proietti E, Pavan A, Marchetti P, Belardelli F, Capone I. Intratumoral injection of IFN-alpha dendritic cells after dacarbazine activates anti-tumor immunity: results from a phase I trial in advanced melanoma. J Transl Med 2015; 13:139. [PMID: 25933939 PMCID: PMC4438625 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced melanoma patients have an extremely poor long term prognosis and are in strong need of new therapies. The recently developed targeted therapies have resulted in a marked antitumor effect, but most responses are partial and some degree of toxicity remain the major concerns. Dendritic cells play a key role in the activation of the immune system and have been typically used as ex vivo antigen-loaded cell drugs for cancer immunotherapy. Another approach consists in intratumoral injection of unloaded DCs that can exploit the uptake of a wider array of tumor-specific and individual unique antigens. However, intratumoral immunization requires DCs endowed at the same time with properties typically belonging to both immature and mature DCs (i.e. antigen uptake and T cell priming). DCs generated in presence of interferon-alpha (IFN-DCs), due to their features of partially mature DCs, capable of efficiently up-taking, processing and cross-presenting antigens to T cells, could successfully carry out this task. Combining intratumoral immunization with tumor-destructing therapies can induce antigen release in situ, facilitating the injected DCs in triggering an antitumor immune response. Methods We tested in a phase I clinical study in advanced melanoma a chemo-immunotherapy approach based on unloaded IFN-DCs injected intratumorally one day after administration of dacarbazine. Primary endpoint of the study was treatment safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were immune and clinical responses of patients. Results Six patients were enrolled, and only three completed the treatment. The chemo-immunotherapy was well tolerated with no major side effects. Three patients showed temporary disease stabilization and two of them showed induction of T cells specific for tyrosinase, NY-ESO-1 and gp100. Of interest, one patient showing a remarkable long-term disease stabilization kept showing presence of tyrosinase specific T cells in PBMC and high infiltration of memory T cells in the tumor lesion at 21 months. Conclusion We tested a chemo-immunotherapeutic approach based on IFN-DCs injected intratumorally one day after DTIC in advanced melanoma. The treatment was well tolerated, and clinical and immunological responses, including development of vitiligo, were observed, therefore warranting additional clinical studies aimed at evaluating efficacy of this approach. Trial registration Trial Registration Number not publicly available due to EudraCT regulations: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/doc/EU_CTR_FAQ.pdf
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rozera
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Antonini Cappellini
- IV Dermatology Oncology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), via Monti Creta 104, Rome, 00167, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina D'Agostino
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Laura Santodonato
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Luciano Castiello
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Iole Macchia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Ida Casorelli
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy.
| | - Paola Sestili
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Enrica Montefiore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Domenica Monque
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Davide Carlei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Paola Rizza
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Federica Moschella
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Carla Buccione
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Roberto Belli
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pavan
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy.
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- IV Dermatology Oncology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), via Monti Creta 104, Rome, 00167, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, 00189, Italy.
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Imerio Capone
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy.
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El-Sahrigy SA, Mohamed NA, Talkhan HA, Rahman AM. Comparison between magnetic activated cell sorted monocytes and monocyte adherence techniques for in vitro generation of immature dendritic cells: an Egyptian trial. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:18-24. [PMID: 26155179 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.50828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells, which are considered a central component of the immune system for their extraordinary capacity to initiate and modulate the immune responses elicited upon recognition of infectious agents. This has made them a major focus of interest in the conception of immunotherapeutic vaccine strategies. AIM OF THE STUDY To standardise a protocol for in vitro differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into immature DCs (iDCs) upon treatment with specific growth factors and to compare two monocyte isolation methods including magnetic activated cell sorted (MACS) monocytes by CD14(+) immuno-magnetic beads and monocytes separated by adherence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immature DCs were generated from monocytes of human peripheral blood in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 after in vitro culture for seven days. Cultured cells were stained with surface markers of iDCs: FITC-anti-CD14, PE-anti-CD11c, PE-anti-CD1a, PE-Cy5-anti-HLA-DR, and PE-anti-CD83 for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS We found that the viability of MACS-DCs was higher than DCs derived from monocytes separated by adherence (median 50 and interquartile range 45-50 vs. 25 and 10-30, respectively; p < 0.001). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the median interquartile percentages of MACS-DCs expressing CD14(-) was significantly higher compared to the DCs derived from monocytes separated by adherence (median 80.2 and interquartile range 77.7-80.7 vs. 40.2 and 30.4-40.6, respectively; p < 0.001). However, MACS-DCs expressed the same levels of CD11c, CD1a, and HLA-DR as well as CD83 compared to the DCs derived from monocytes separated by adherence with p value > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Both positively selected monocytes and monocytes separated by adherence procedure gave the same results as regards cell surface marker expression, although the DCs purity and viability using MACS separated monocytes were better.
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Nieda M, Terunuma H, Eiraku Y, Deng X, Nicol AJ. Effective induction of melanoma-antigen-specific CD8+ T cells via Vγ9γδT cell expansion by CD56(high+) Interferon-α-induced dendritic cells. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:35-41. [PMID: 25363560 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can be differentiated from CD14+ monocytes in the presence of interferon-α (IFNα) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro and are known as IFN-DCs. Circulating blood CD56+ cells expressing high levels of CD14, HLA-DR and CD86 have been shown to spontaneously differentiate into DC-like cells in vitro after their isolation from blood. We show here that IFN-DCs expressing high levels of CD56 (hereafter, CD56(high+) IFN-DCs) can be differentiated in vitro from monocytes obtained as adherent cells from healthy donors and patients with metastatic melanoma. These cells expressed high levels of CD14, HLA-DR and CD86 and possessed many pseudopodia. These CD56(high+) IFN-DCs may be an in vitro counterpart of the circulating CD56+ CD14+ CD86+ HLA-DR+ cells in blood. Conventional mature DCs differentiated from monocytes as adherent cells in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α (hereafter, mIL-4DCs) did not express CD56 or CD14. In contrast to mIL-4DCs, the CD56(high+) IFN-DCs exhibited a stronger capacity to stimulate autologous CD56+ Vγ9γδT cells highly producing IFNγ in the presence of zoledronate and IL-2. The CD56(high+) IFN-DCs possessing HLA-A*0201 effectively induced Mart-1-modified melanoma peptide (A27L)-specific CD8+ T cells through preferential expansion of CD56+ Vγ9γδT cells in the presence of A27L, zoledronate and IL-2. Vaccination with CD56(high+) IFN-DCs copulsed with tumor antigens and zoledronate may orchestrate the induction of various CD56+ immune cells possessing high effector functions, resulting in strong immunological responses against tumor cells. This study may be relevant to the design of future clinical trials of CD56(high+) IFN-DCs-based immunotherapies for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Nieda
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan, Koutou-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
In recent years, the essential role of bi-directional cross-talk between natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DC) during immune responses has been clearly elucidated. In particular, this cross-talk results in the development of an efficient innate response, through DC-mediated NK cell activation, and a potent adaptive immune response, through NK-mediate DC editing and maturation. Recently, some novel human DC subsets have been identified: migratory DCs in afferent lymph and draining lymph nodes; CLEC9A+/BDCA3+ (CD141) DCs in interstitial dermis, liver, lung; inflammatory DCs in several inflammatory fluids. At the same time, it has been shown that also human NK cells are present in these compartments. Here, we will review the most recent findings on NK/DC cross-talk and we will discuss the necessity of acquiring more complete knowledge about these interactions in view of the new information available on both DC and NK cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina , Messina , Italy ; Cellular Therapy Program, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino , Messina , Italy
| | - Barbara Morandi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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Schiavoni G, Mattei F, Gabriele L. Type I Interferons as Stimulators of DC-Mediated Cross-Priming: Impact on Anti-Tumor Response. Front Immunol 2013; 4:483. [PMID: 24400008 PMCID: PMC3872318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of potent tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses is a fundamental objective in anticancer therapeutic strategies. This event requires that antigen-presenting cells present tumor-associated antigens (Ag) on their MHC class-I molecule, in a process termed cross-presentation. Dendritic cells (DC) are particularly keen on this task and can induce the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells, when exposed to danger or inflammatory signals that stimulate their activation. Type I interferons (IFN-I), a family of long-known immunostimulatory cytokines, have been proven to produce optimal activation signal for DC-induced cross-priming. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidences have suggested that IFN-I-stimulated cross-priming by DC against tumor-associated Ag is a key mechanism for cancer immunosurveillance and may be usefully exploited to boost anti-tumor CD8+ T-cell responses. Here, we will review the cross-presentation properties of different DC subsets, with special focus on cell-associated and tumor Ag, and discuss how IFN-I can modify this function, with the aim of identifying more specific and effective strategies for improving anticancer responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Werner JM, Heller T, Gordon AM, Sheets A, Sherker AH, Kessler E, Bean KS, Stevens M, Schmitt J, Rehermann B. Innate immune responses in hepatitis C virus-exposed healthcare workers who do not develop acute infection. Hepatology 2013; 58:1621-31. [PMID: 23463364 PMCID: PMC3688637 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection typically results in chronic disease with HCV outpacing antiviral immune responses. Here we asked whether innate immune responses are induced in healthcare workers who are exposed to small amounts of HCV, but do not develop systemic infection and acute liver disease. Twelve healthcare workers with accidental percutaneous exposure to HCV-infected blood were prospectively studied for up to 6 months for phenotype and function of natural killer T (NKT) and NK cells, kinetics of serum chemokines, and vigor and specificity of HCV-specific T-cell responses. Eleven healthcare workers tested negative for HCV RNA and HCV antibodies. All but one of these aviremic cases displayed NKT cell activation, increased serum chemokines levels, and NK cell responses with increased CD122, NKp44, NKp46, and NKG2A expression, cytotoxicity (as determined by TRAIL and CD107a expression), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. This multifunctional NK cell response appeared a month earlier than in the one healthcare worker who developed high-level viremia, and it differed from the impaired IFN-γ production, which is typical for NK cells in chronic HCV infection. The magnitude of NKT cell activation and NK cell cytotoxicity correlated with the magnitude of the subsequent HCV-specific T-cell response. T-cell responses targeted nonstructural HCV sequences that require translation of viral RNA, which suggests that transient or locally contained HCV replication occurred without detectable systemic viremia. CONCLUSION Exposure to small amounts of HCV induces innate immune responses, which correlate with the subsequent HCV-specific T-cell response and may contribute to antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Martin Werner
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
| | - Ann Marie Gordon
- Occupational Health, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Arlene Sheets
- Occupational Health, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Averell H. Sherker
- Center for Liver Diseases, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Ellen Kessler
- Employee Occupational Health, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Kathleen S. Bean
- Employee Occupational Health, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - M'Lou Stevens
- Occupational Medical Service, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1584, USA
| | - James Schmitt
- Occupational Medical Service, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1584, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
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Jiang W, Zhang C, Tian Z, Zhang J. hIFN-α gene modification augments human natural killer cell line anti-human hepatocellular carcinoma function. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1062-9. [PMID: 23759701 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are characterized by an efficient antitumor activity, and this activity has been exploited as the basis of cancer immunotherapy strategies. Interferon-α (IFN-α) is an important cytokine required for induction of the durable antitumor immune response and is an important stimulator of NK cells. In this study, to augment the efficiency of NK cell cytotoxicity to tumor cells, human IFN-α gene-modified natural killer cell line (NKL) (NKL-IFNα) cells, which could stably secrete IFN-α, were established. We investigated the natural cytotoxicity of NKL-IFNα cells against human hepatocarcinoma cells (HCCs) in vitro and in vivo. NKL-IFNα cells displayed a significantly stronger cytolytic activity against both human HCC cell lines and primary human hepatoma cancer cells compared with parental NKL cells. The increased cytolytic activity of NKL-IFNα cells was associated with the upregulation of cytotoxicity-related genes, such as perforin, granzyme B and Fas ligand, in the NK cells. Moreover, cytokines secreted by NKL-IFNα cells, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ, induced increased expression of Fas on the target HCC cells, and resulted in increased susceptibility of the HCC cells to NK-mediated cytolysis. Encouragingly, NKL-IFNα cells could significantly inhibit HCC tumor growth in a xenograft model and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing nude mice. These results suggest that IFN-α gene-modified NKL cells could be suitable for the future development of cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jiang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Zeestraten ECM, Speetjens FM, Welters MJP, Saadatmand S, Stynenbosch LFM, Jongen R, Kapiteijn E, Gelderblom H, Nijman HW, Valentijn ARPM, Oostendorp J, Fathers LM, Drijfhout JW, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK, van der Burg SH, Melief CJM. Addition of interferon-α to the p53-SLP® vaccine results in increased production of interferon-γ in vaccinated colorectal cancer patients: a phase I/II clinical trial. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1581-91. [PMID: 22948952 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously established safety and immunogenicity of a p53 synthetic long peptides (p53-SLP®) vaccine. In the current trial, we investigated whether combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) with p53-SLP® is both safe and able to improve the induced p53-specific IFN-γ response. Eleven colorectal cancer patients successfully treated for metastatic disease were enrolled in this study. Of these, nine patients completed follow-up after two injections with p53-SLP® together with IFN-α. Safety and p53-specific immune responses were determined before and after vaccination. Furthermore, cryopreserved PBMCs were compared head-to-head to cryopreserved PBMCs obtained in our previous trial with p53-SLP® only. Toxicity of p53-SLP® vaccination in combination with IFN-α was limited to Grade 1 or 2, with predominantly small ongoing swellings at the vaccination site. All patients harbored p53-specific T cells after vaccination and most patients showed p53-specific antibodies. Compared to the previous trial, addition of IFN-α significantly improved the frequency of p53-specific T cells in IFN-γ ELISPOT. Moreover, in this trial, p53-specific T cells were detectable in blood samples of all patients in a direct ex vivo multiparameter flowcytometric assay, opposed to only 2 of 10 patients vaccinated with p53-SLP® only. Finally, patients in this trial displayed a broader p53-specific immunoglobulin-G response, indicating an overall better p53-specific T-helper response. Our study shows that p53-SLP® vaccination combined with IFN-α injection is safe and capable of inducing p53-specific immunity. When compared to a similar trial with p53-SLP® vaccination alone the combination was found to induce significantly more IFN-γ producing p53-specific T cells.
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25
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Herth I, Witzens-Harig M, Beckhove P, Hose D, Meissner T, Neuber B, Engelhardt M, Haas J, Neben K, Ho AD, Klein B, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. Thalidomide maintenance therapy maturates the T cell compartment and compromises antigen-specific antitumor immunity in patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2012; 41:231-40. [PMID: 23142220 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (INF)-α was the maintenance treatment of choice after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma in the past, but currently Thalidomide is commonly used. In this prospective study, the implications of the various types of maintenance therapy on the patients T cell pattern and activation status were assessed. T cells were analyzed for expression of surface molecules, cytokine secretion, the presence of regulatory T cells, and the specific activation against the multiple myeloma antigen HM1.24. T cells from 69 multiple myeloma patients were analyzed: 19 patients were treated with IFN-α; 26 were treated with Thalidomide; and 24 patients received no maintenance therapy. Specific T cell activation with an immunogenic HLA-A2(+)-restricted peptide from the myeloma-associated antigen HM1.24 was impaired in the Thalidomide group. In accordance with this observation, there was a trend toward a higher amount of regulatory T cells in the Thalidomide group. Furthermore, patients treated with IFN-α showed high rates of naive T cells, whereas a high rate of effector memory T cells was observed in the Thalidomide group. Importantly, after cessation of Thalidomide therapy, this effect was reversible in the CD8 compartment. In conclusion, Thalidomide maintenance therapy has profound implications on T cell pattern and activation status, which compromise antigen specific antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Herth
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Kosaka A, Yan H, Ohashi S, Gotoh Y, Sato A, Tsutsui H, Kaisho T, Toda T, Tsuji NM. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC triggers IFN-γ production from NK and T cells via IL-12 and IL-18. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:729-33. [PMID: 23102661 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) benefit health as probiotics in a strain-dependent way. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC (LcFC) on dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. LcFC induced the production of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-12, IL-6 and TNF-α from murine bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) via MyD88-dependent pathway. In comparison with the type strain L. lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257, LcFC induced particularly high production of IL-12 while induction of IL-6 was moderate. Consequently, LcFC triggered IFN-γ production in splenic NK, CD8(+), and CD4(+) cells. Most prominent effect of LcFC on IFN-γ production was observed in NK cells, followed by CD8(+) cells, which was completely inhibited by combination of neutralizing anti-IL-12 and anti-IL-18 mAbs. Moreover, oral administration of LcFC enhanced the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 from splenocytes of treated mice. These findings suggest that this LAB strain is an efficient activator of protective cellular immunity via stimulation of myeloid cells including DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Kosaka
- Biomedial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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27
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Durrieu L, Gregoire-Gauthier J, Dieng MM, Fontaine F, le Deist F, Haddad E. Human interferon-alpha increases the cytotoxic effect of CD56+cord blood-derived cytokine-induced killer cells on human B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:1245-57. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.714864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The cytotoxic and regulatory antitumor functions of natural killer (NK) cells have become attractive targets for immunotherapy. Manipulation of specific NK cell functions and their reciprocal interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) might hold therapeutic promise. In this review, we focus on the engagement of NK cells in DC-based cancer vaccination strategies, providing a comprehensive overview of current in vivo experimental and clinical DC vaccination studies encompassing the monitoring of NK cells. From these studies, it is clear that NK cells play a key regulatory role in the generation of DC-induced antitumor immunity, favoring the concept that targeting both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms may synergistically promote clinical outcome. However, to date, DC vaccination trials are only infrequently accompanied by NK cell monitoring. Here, we discuss different strategies to improve DC vaccine preparations via exploitation of NK cells and provide a summary of relevant NK cell parameters for immune monitoring. We underscore that the design of DC-based cancer vaccines should include the evaluation of their NK cell stimulating potency both in the preclinical phase and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lion
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, TIGR, University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Antwerp, Belgium.
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29
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Castro MG, Candolfi M, Kroeger K, King GD, Curtin JF, Yagiz K, Mineharu Y, Assi H, Wibowo M, Ghulam Muhammad AKM, Foulad D, Puntel M, Lowenstein PR. Gene therapy and targeted toxins for glioma. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:155-80. [PMID: 21453286 DOI: 10.2174/156652311795684722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma. These tumors are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of 15-18 months from diagnosis to death. Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. As such, glioma is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for glioma including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses, tumor suppressors/oncogenes, and immune stimulatory approaches. Preclinical gene therapy paradigms aim to determine which strategies will provide rapid tumor regression and long-term protection from recurrence. While a wide range of potential targets are being investigated preclinically, only the most efficacious are further transitioned into clinical trial paradigms. Clinical trials reported to date are summarized including results from conditionally cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses and oncogene targeting approaches. Clinical trial results have not been as robust as preclinical models predicted; this could be due to the limitations of the GBM models employed. Once this is addressed, and we develop effective gene therapies in models that better replicate the clinical scenario, gene therapy will provide a powerful approach to treat and manage brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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30
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Rizza P, Capone I, Moretti F, Proietti E, Belardelli F. IFN-α as a vaccine adjuvant: recent insights into the mechanisms and perspectives for its clinical use. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:487-98. [PMID: 21506646 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The IFN-α family are pleiotropic cytokines with the longest record of clinical use. Over the last decade, new biological effects of IFN-α on immune cells, including dendritic cells, have been described, supporting the concept that these cytokines can act as effective vaccine adjuvants. Recently, an important advance in our understanding of the mechanisms of interferon adjuvant activity has been achieved. Some clinical studies have been performed to assess the adjuvant activity in individuals immunized with preventive vaccines, showing variable results depending on interferon/vaccine formulation and vaccinated subjects. In spite of many data in animal models, little information is available on the possible advantage of utilizing IFN-α as an adjuvant for cancer vaccines in humans. Further clinical trials specifically designed to explore vaccine adjuvant activity are needed in order to define the best conditions for using IFN-α or IFN-α-conditioned dendritic cells for the development of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizza
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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31
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Humlová Z, Klamová H, Janatková I, Malíčková K, Králíková P, Sterzl I, Roth Z, Hamšíková E, Vonka V. Changes of immunological profiles in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the course of treatment. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:137320. [PMID: 21197073 DOI: 10.1155/2010/137320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the previous paper of ours we compared, prior to start any treatment, a number of immunological parameters in 24 chronic myeloid leukemia patients with the same number of healthy subjects matched by age and sex. We found significant differences in the levels of immunoglobulins, the C4 component of complement, the C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, the composition of lymphocyte population and the production of some cytokines by stimulated CD3+ cells. Eleven of these patients were followed longitudinally. After treatment with hydroxyurea, interferon alpha, imatinib mesylate and dasatinib, or various combinations thereof, hematological remission was achieved in all patients and complete cytogenetic remission in nine of them. There was a nearly general tendency towards normalization of the abnormalities observed in the patients at their enrollment.
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Lattanzi L, Rozera C, Marescotti D, D'Agostino G, Santodonato L, Cellini S, Belardelli F, Gavioli R, Ferrantini M. IFN-α boosts epitope cross-presentation by dendritic cells via modulation of proteasome activity. Immunobiology 2011; 216:537-47. [PMID: 21093097 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the peculiar cross-presentation efficiency of human dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated from monocytes in the presence of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interferon (IFN)-α (IFN-DCs). To this end, we evaluated the capability of IFN-DCs to present and cross-present epitopes derived from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) or human melanoma-associated antigens after exposure to cell lysates or apoptotic cells. In an autologous setting, IFN-DCs loaded with Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCL) lysates or apoptotic LCL were highly efficient in expanding, respectively, EBV-specific class II- or class I-restricted memory T cell responses. Of note, IFN-DCs loaded with apoptotic LCL were more potent than fully mature DCs in triggering the cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T lymphocytes recognizing a subdominant HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope derived from EBV latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2). In addition, IFN-DCs loaded with apoptotic human melanoma cells were highly efficient in cross-presenting the MART-1(27-35) epitope to a specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell clone, and this functional activity was proteasome-dependent. These IFN-DC properties were associated with an enhanced expression of all the immunoproteasome subunits as well as of TAP-1, TAP-2 and tapasin, and, interestingly, to a higher proteasome proteolytic activity as compared to immature or mature DCs. Altogether, these results highlight new mechanisms by which IFN-α influences antigen processing and cross-presentation ability of monocyte-derived DCs, with potentially important implications for the development of DC-based therapeutic vaccines.
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Rizza P, Moretti F, Belardelli F. Recent advances on the immunomodulatory effects of IFN-alpha: implications for cancer immunotherapy and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:204-9. [PMID: 20187707 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903510880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferons alpha (IFNs-alpha) are pleiotropic cytokines belonging to the type I IFN family, originally described for their antiviral activity. These cytokines exhibit a long record of clinical use in patients with some types of cancer and viral diseases. Notably, certain autoimmune disorders have been postulated to be mediated by endogenous IFN-alpha and are often observed in some IFN-treated patients. IFN-alpha can induce multiple biological effects, including induction/promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth. In addition, these cytokines promote the differentiation and activity of host immune cells. Early studies in mouse tumor models showed the importance of host immune mechanisms in the generation of a long-lasting antitumor response after injection of the animals with either IFN or tumor cells genetically modified for IFN-alpha production. Several studies have shown that IFN-alpha can induce the rapid differentiation of monocytes into highly activated dendritic cells (DCs). Of note, these DCs (IFN-DCs) are particularly effective in taking up complex antigens and inducing T- and B-cell immunity. The ensemble of these results suggests that IFN-DCs can play a role in the generation of antitumor T-cell immunity, pointing out that these cells could be successfully used in strategies of cancer immunotherapy. Likewise, IFN-alpha-DC interactions could also play a role in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disorders, often associated with IFN-alpha treatment. All this reveals the complexity of the IFN-alpha-DC interactions under normal and pathological conditions and stimulates further studies for identifying optimal modalities in either using these cytokines or controlling their production/action in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizza
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Parlato S, Romagnoli G, Spadaro F, Canini I, Sirabella P, Borghi P, Ramoni C, Filesi I, Biocca S, Gabriele L, Belardelli F. LOX-1 as a natural IFN-alpha-mediated signal for apoptotic cell uptake and antigen presentation in dendritic cells. Blood 2010; 115:1554-63. [PMID: 20009034 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-234468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of molecules responsible for apoptotic cell (AC) uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and induction of T-cell immunity against AC-associated antigens is a challenge in immunology. DCs differentiated in the presence of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha-conditioned DCs) exhibit a marked phagocytic activity and a special attitude in inducing CD8(+) T-cell response. In this study, we found marked overexpression of the scavenger receptor oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in IFN-alpha-conditioned DCs, which was associated with increased levels of genes belonging to immune response families and high competence in inducing T-cell immunity against antigens derived from allogeneic apoptotic lymphocytes. In particular, the capture of ACs by IFN-alpha DCs led to a substantial subcellular rearrangement of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules, along with enhanced cross-priming of autologous CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T-cell activation. Remarkably, AC uptake, CD8(+) T-cell cross-priming, and, to a lesser extent, priming of CD4(+) T lymphocytes were inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to the scavenger receptor LOX-1 protein. These results unravel a novel LOX-1-dependent pathway by which IFN-alpha can, under both physiologic and pathologic conditions, render DCs fully competent for presenting AC-associated antigens for cross-priming CD8(+) effector T cells, concomitantly with CD4(+) T helper cell activation.
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Hardy MY, Kassianos AJ, Vulink A, Wilkinson R, Jongbloed SL, Hart DNJ, Radford KJ. NK cells enhance the induction of CTL responses by IL-15 monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 87:606-14. [PMID: 19546878 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells differentiated from monocytes (MoDC) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-15 (IL-15 MoDC) exhibit superior migration and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction compared with MoDC differentiated in IL-4 and GM-CSF (IL-4 MoDC) and are promising candidates for DC immunotherapy. We explored the mechanisms by which IL-15 MoDC induce CTL. IL-15 MoDC expressed higher levels of CD40 and secreted high levels of TNF-alpha, but little or no IL-12p70 compared with IL-4 MoDC. Despite immuno-selecting monocytes to >97% purity before MoDC generation, a tiny population (0.2%) of natural killer (NK) cells was identified that was increased sevenfold during IL-15 MoDC, but not IL-4 MoDC differentiation. These NK cells produced high levels of IFN-gamma and were responsible for the enhanced CTL-inducing capacity of the IL-15 MoDC, but not for their increased expression of CD40 or secretion of TNF-alpha. Interestingly, a proportion of IL-15 MoDC were found to express the NK cell marker, CD56, but these did not secrete IFN-gamma. These data implicate a role for small percentages of NK cells in the enhanced capacity of IL-15 MoDC to induce tumour-specific CTL independent of IL-12p70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Y Hardy
- Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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36
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Aloysius MM, Mc Kechnie AJ, Robins RA, Verma C, Eremin JM, Farzaneh F, Habib NA, Bhalla J, Hardwick NR, Satthaporn S, Sreenivasan T, El-Sheemy M, Eremin O. Generation in vivo of peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells and presence of regulatory T cells during vaccination with hTERT (class I and II) peptide-pulsed DCs. J Transl Med 2009; 7:18. [PMID: 19298672 PMCID: PMC2674878 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimal techniques for DC generation for immunotherapy in cancer are yet to be established. Study aims were to evaluate: (i) DC activation/maturation milieu (TNF-α +/- IFN-α) and its effects on CD8+ hTERT-specific T cell responses to class I epitopes (p540 or p865), (ii) CD8+ hTERT-specific T cell responses elicited by vaccination with class I alone or both class I and II epitope (p766 and p672)-pulsed DCs, prepared without IFN-α, (iii) association between circulating T regulatory cells (Tregs) and clinical responses. Methods Autologous DCs were generated from 10 patients (HLA-0201) with advanced cancer by culturing CD14+ blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 supplemented with TNF-α [DCT] or TNF-α and IFN-α [DCTI]. The capacity of the DCs to induce functional CD8+ T cell responses to hTERT HLA-0201 restricted nonapeptides was assessed by MHC tetramer binding and peptide-specific cytotoxicity. Each DC preparation (DCT or DCTI) was pulsed with only one type of hTERT peptide (p540 or p865) and both preparations were injected into separate lymph node draining regions every 2–3 weeks. This vaccination design enabled comparison of efficacy between DCT and DCTI in generating hTERT peptide specific CD8+ T cells and comparison of class I hTERT peptide (p540 or p865)-loaded DCT with or without class II cognate help (p766 and p672) in 6 patients. T regulatory cells were evaluated in 8 patients. Results (i) DCTIs and DCTs, pulsed with hTERT peptides, were comparable (p = 0.45, t-test) in inducing peptide-specific CD8+ T cell responses. (ii) Class II cognate help, significantly enhanced (p < 0.05, t-test) peptide-specific CD8+T cell responses, compared with class I pulsed DCs alone. (iii) Clinical responders had significantly lower (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test) T regs, compared with non-responders. 4/16 patients experienced partial but transient clinical responses during vaccination. Vaccination was well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Conclusion Addition of IFN-α to ex vivo monocyte-derived DCs, did not significantly enhance peptide-specific T cell responses in vivo, compared with TNF-α alone. Class II cognate help significantly augments peptide-specific T cell responses. Clinically favourable responses were seen in patients with low levels of circulating T regs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Aloysius
- Section of Surgery, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
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37
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Geiger C, Nößner E, Frankenberger B, Falk CS, Pohla H, Schendel DJ. Harnessing innate and adaptive immunity for adoptive cell therapy of renal cell carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:595-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang W, Edington HD, Rao UNM, Jukic DM, Radfar A, Wang H, Kirkwood JM. Effects of high-dose IFNalpha2b on regional lymph node metastases of human melanoma: modulation of STAT5, FOXP3, and IL-17. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:8314-20. [PMID: 19088050 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and STAT3 oppose one another in regulation of the reciprocal development of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17). A reduction in STAT3 is associated with up-regulation of Treg, and STAT5 activation promotes Treg differentiation or function while constraining Th17 generation. The effects of IFNalpha on STAT signaling in relation to tumor tissue Treg and Th17 have not been documented in humans beyond the observations that IFNalpha2b down-regulates STAT3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Following diagnostic biopsy and before definitive surgery, 20 doses of high-dose IFNalpha2b (HDI) were administered to patients with stage IIIB melanoma who gave written informed consent. Lymph node biopsies, in which both total STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 were down-regulated by HDI, were probed with STAT5, FOXP3, CD4, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) with immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS The percentage of FOXP3+ lymphocytes determined by immunohistochemistry was up-regulated from 3.06 +/- 0.65% to 9.86 +/- 1.27% (n = 13, P = 0.0002), and this observation was confirmed by immunofluorescence evaluation of CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs. HDI induced STAT5 up-regulation (five cases observed) in melanoma cells and lymphocytes but did not induce the generation of IL-17-expressing lymphocytes. Increased STAT5 expression was associated with increased FOXP3 expression among lymphocytes, and STAT5 was constitutively activated among both melanoma cells and lymphocytes. CONCLUSION IFNalpha2b up-regulates STAT5 and down-regulates STAT3, in conjunction with up-regulation of Treg and inhibition of IL-17-expressing lymphocytes in melanoma tissues. These findings suggest that the effects of IFNalpha may be potentiated through interference with the response of Tregs and/or STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2584, USA
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Santini SM, Lapenta C, Santodonato L, D'Agostino G, Belardelli F, Ferrantini M. IFN-alpha in the generation of dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008:295-317. [PMID: 19031032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71029-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in linking innate and adaptive immunity, by virtue of their unique ability to take up and process antigens in the peripheral blood and tissues and, upon migration to draining lymph nodes, to present antigen to resting lymphocytes. Notably, these DC functions are modulated by cytokines and chemokines controlling the activation and maturation of these cells, thus shaping the response towards either immunity or tolerance.An ensemble of recent studies have emphasized an important role of type I IFNs in the DC differentiation/activation, suggesting the existence of a natural alliance between these cytokines and DCs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Herein, we will review how type I IFNs can promote the ex vivo differentiation of human DCs and orient DC functions towards the priming and expansion of protective antitumor immune responses. We will also discuss how the knowledge on type I IFN-DC interactions could be exploited for the design of more selective and effective strategies of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Maria Santini
- Section of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 299, 00161 Italy.
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Capobianco A, Manfredi AA, Monno A, Rovere-Querini P, Rugarli C. Melanoma and lymphoma rejection associated with eosinophil infiltration upon intratumoral injection of dendritic and NK/LAK cells. J Immunother 2008; 31:458-65. [PMID: 18463539 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e318174a512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are promising tools for tumor immunotherapy. Their efficacy in the tumor environment increases when tumor cells die as a consequence of chemo/radiotherapy or when local stimuli promoting DC maturation and function are available. Dying tumor cells could represent a source of tumor antigens, which DCs cross-present to tumor-specific T cells. The outcome of cross presentation is in turn determined by the maturation state of DCs. Natural killer (NK)/lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells injected into growing tumors could both provide a source of dying cells for cross-presentation and deliver stimuli for DC maturation. Here, we report that NK/LAK cells recognized and killed in vivo major histocompatibility complex class I(low) highly tumorigenic, nonimmunogenic B16F1 melanoma cells when injected into exponentially growing neoplastic lesions. The simultaneous injection of immature DCs was required to heal animals. Similar results were obtained injecting NK/LAK cells and DC into growing Raucher leukaemia virus induced cell line lymphomas. Cured mice failed to reject other implantable tumors, and developed a specific cytotoxic response against the original neoplasm; moreover, they developed a long-lasting memory, and were protected against further challenges with living tumor cells only when both cell populations were introduced. The response associated to the preferential recruitment within tumors of eosinophils. The simultaneous injection in solid tumors of DCs and NK/LAK cells represents an attractive approach for antineoplastic immunotherapeutic strategies.
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41
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Lion E, Smits EL, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo VF. Acute myeloid leukemic cell lines loaded with synthetic dsRNA trigger IFN-gamma secretion by human NK cells. Leuk Res 2009; 33:539-46. [PMID: 18845337 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players of innate immunity. Besides their major cytotoxic function, NK cells can also produce inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma. In this way, NK cells can shape adaptive immune responses through activation of dendritic cells (DC), thereby promoting the bidirectional cross-talk between NK cells and DC. Including this helper function of NK cells in cancer vaccination might be important for the induction of effective T cell responses. Here, we explored the capacity of purified human NK cells to produce IFN-gamma upon two-signal stimulation using different types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and type I IFN. Based on our previous findings that AML cells produce IFN-alpha upon electroporation with the synthetic double-stranded (ds)RNA polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), we hypothesized that dsRNA-loaded tumor cells provide both signals to elicit an NK cell-driven IFN-gamma production. Our results show that in vitro, NK cells become strong IFN-gamma-secreting cells upon stimulation with specific AML cells and IFN-alpha, with a variable responsiveness against different AML cell lines. Importantly, loading of AML cells with poly(I:C) is an elegant method to provide NK cells with both signals, a feature that could have important clinical implications because it obviates the side effects of systemic cytokine administration. Moreover, in addition to our previous findings that DC become activated upon phagocytosis of poly(I:C)-electroporated AML cells, these data strongly encourage future research on the potential of dsRNA-transfected AML cells and their effect to favor NK-DC cross-talk for the design of leukemia vaccines.
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De Palma M, Mazzieri R, Politi LS, Pucci F, Zonari E, Sitia G, Mazzoleni S, Moi D, Venneri MA, Indraccolo S, Falini A, Guidotti LG, Galli R, Naldini L. Tumor-targeted interferon-alpha delivery by Tie2-expressing monocytes inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Cell 2008; 14:299-311. [PMID: 18835032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of type I interferons (IFNs) in cancer therapy has been limited by ineffective dosing and significant toxicity. Here, we exploited the tumor-homing ability of proangiogenic Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) to deliver IFN-alpha to tumors. By transplanting hematopoietic progenitors transduced with a Tie2 promoter/enhancer-driven Ifna1 gene, we turned TEMs into IFN-alpha cell vehicles that efficiently targeted the IFN response to orthotopic human gliomas and spontaneous mouse mammary carcinomas and obtained significant antitumor responses and near complete abrogation of metastasis. TEM-mediated IFN-alpha delivery inhibited tumor angiogenesis and activated innate and adaptive immune cells but did not impair myelopoiesis and wound healing detectably. These results illustrate the therapeutic potential of gene- and cell-based IFN-alpha delivery and should allow the development of IFN treatments that more effectively treat cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/immunology
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/pathology
- Glioma/therapy
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/transplantation
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptor, TIE-2/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transduction, Genetic
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Palma
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Research Unit, San Raffaele Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
There is no single universally accepted hallmark of antigen presenting cell (APC) activation. Instead a variety of methods are used to identify APCs and assess their activation state. These activation measures include phenotypic methods [e.g., assessing the increased expression of surface markers such as major histocompatability (MHC) class II] and functional assays (e.g., evaluating the enhanced ability to take up and process antigen, or stimulate naïve T cells). Sipuleucel-T is an investigational autologous active cellular immunotherapy product designed to stimulate a T cell immune response against human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), an antigen highly expressed in prostate tissue. Sipuleucel-T consists of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including activated APCs displaying epitopes of PAP. In order to develop a robust reproducible potency assay that is not hampered by MHC restriction we have developed a method to simply assess the biological activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In the course of sipuleucel-T characterization, we analyzed various phenotypic and functional parameters to define the activation state of APCs obtained from peripheral blood. Flow cytometric assays revealed that CD54+ cells are responsible for antigen uptake, and that expression of CD54 predominantly localizes to APCs. Costimulation, as measured by an allogeneic mixed lymphocytic reaction (alloMLR) assay, showed that activity was restricted to the CD54+ cell population. Similarly, CD54+ cells harbor all of the PAP-specific antigen presentation activity, as assayed using a PAP-specific HLA-DRbeta1-restricted T cell hybridoma. Finally we show that CD54 expression is substantially and consistently upregulated on APCs during culture with a GM-CSF fusion protein, and that this upregulation activity can be quantified. Thus these data support the use of CD54 upregulation as a surrogate for assessing human APC activation and validates its utility as a potency measure of sipuleucel-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Sheikh
- Dendreon Corporation, 3005 1st Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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Huang X, Shen N, Bao C, Gu Y, Wu L, Chen S. Interferon-induced protein IFIT4 is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and promotes differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cell-like cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R91. [PMID: 18706081 PMCID: PMC2575605 DOI: 10.1186/ar2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using oligonucleotide microarray, many IFN-inducible genes have been found to be highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among these IFN-inducible genes, IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 4 (IFIT4) is a novel gene whose function is unknown. METHODS In this study we examined the role played by IFIT4 in monocyte differentiation and the correlation between IFIT4 expression and the clinical manifestation of SLE. To this end, we used plasmid transfection, flow cytometry, mixed leucocyte responses, ELISA, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS We found that both IFIT4 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in PBMCs and monocytes from SLE patients than in those from healthy control individuals. IFIT4 expression was positively correlated with antinuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-Sm auto-immune antibodies in SLE. Patients with SLE exhibiting higher expression of IFIT4 had a higher prevalence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and C3/C4 decrease. IFIT4 protein was localized exclusively to the cytoplasm, and it was significantly upregulated by IFN-alpha in normal PBMCs. To determine the role played by IFIT4 in monocyte differentiation, the monocytic cell line THP-1 was transfected with pEGFP-IFIT4 expression plasmid and stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/IL-4 to generate IFIT4-primed dendritic cell-like cells (DCLCs). IFIT4-primed DCLCs acquired morphological characteristics of dendritic cells more quickly, with greater resemblance to dendritic cells, as compared with DCLCs primed with pEGFP-C1 control plasmid trasfection. Furthermore, they exhibited higher expressions of CD40, CD86, CD80, HLA-DR and CD83, along with lower expression of CD14; increased IL-12 secretion; and an increased ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation. In addition, IFIT4-primed DCLCs enhanced IFN-gamma secretion (about 2.4-fold) by T cells compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IFIT4 might play roles in promoting monocyte differentiation into DCLCs and in directing DCLCs to modulate T-helper-1 cell differentiation; these actions might contribute to the autoimmunity and pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Papewalis C, Jacobs B, Wuttke M, Ullrich E, Baehring T, Fenk R, Willenberg HS, Schinner S, Cohnen M, Seissler J, Zacharowski K, Scherbaum WA, Schott M. IFN-alpha skews monocytes into CD56+-expressing dendritic cells with potent functional activities in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol 2008; 180:1462-70. [PMID: 18209041 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor effect of IFN-alpha is mediated by the activation of CTLs, NK cells, and the generation of highly potent Ag-presenting dendritic cells (IFN-DCs). In this study, we show that IFN-DCs generated in vitro from monocytes express CD56 on their surface, a marker which has been thought to be specific for NK cells. FACS analyses of CD56(+) and CD56(-) IFN-DCs showed a nearly identical pattern for most of the classical DC markers. Importantly, however, only CD56(+) IFN-DCs exhibited cytolytic activity up to 24% that could almost completely be blocked (-81%) after coincubation with anti-TRAIL. Intracytoplasmatic cytokine staining revealed that the majority of IFN-DCs independently of their CD56 expression were IFN-gamma positive as well. In contrast, CD56(+) IFN-DCs showed stronger capacity in stimulating allogenic T cells compared with CD56(-) IFN-DC. Based on these results, five patients with metastasized medullary thyroid carcinoma were treated for the first time with monocyte-derived tumor Ag-pulsed IFN-DCs. After a long term follow-up (in mean 37 mo) all patients are alive. Immunohistochemical analyses of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction showed a strong infiltration with CD8(+) cells. In two patients no substantial change in tumor morphology was detected. Importantly, by analyzing PBMCs, these patients also showed an increase of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells. In summary, we here describe for the first time that cytotoxic activity of IFN-DCs is mainly mediated by an IFN-DC subset showing partial phenotypic and functional characteristics of NK cells. These cells represent another mechanism of the antitumor effect induced by IFN-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Papewalis
- Endocrine Cancer Center, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Rheumatology, University Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Reschner A, Hubert P, Delvenne P, Boniver J, Jacobs N. Innate lymphocyte and dendritic cell cross-talk: a key factor in the regulation of the immune response. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:219-26. [PMID: 18336590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized in the presentation of antigens and the initiation of specific immune responses. They have been involved recently in supporting innate immunity by interacting with various innate lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK), NK T or T cell receptor (TCR)-gammadelta cells. The functional links between innate lymphocytes and DC have been investigated widely and different studies demonstrated that reciprocal activations follow on from NK/DC interactions. The cross-talk between innate cells and DC which leads to innate lymphocyte activation and DC maturation was found to be multi-directional, involving not only cell-cell contacts but also soluble factors. The final outcome of these cellular interactions may have a dramatic impact on the quality and strength of the down-stream immune responses, mainly in the context of early responses to tumour cells and infectious agents. Interestingly, DC, NK and TCR-gammadelta cells also share similar functions, such as antigen uptake and presentation, as well as cytotoxic and tumoricidal activity. In addition, NK and NK T cells have the ability to kill DC. This review will focus upon the different aspects of the cross-talk between DC and innate lymphocytes and its key role in all the steps of the immune response. These cellular interactions may be particularly critical in situations where immune surveillance requires efficient early innate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reschner
- Department of Pathology, GIGA-GAMCA/I3, B35, University of Liege, CHU of Liège, B4000 Liege, Belgium
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Iero M, Squarcina P, Romero P, Guillaume P, Scarselli E, Cerino R, Carrabba M, Toutirais O, Parmiani G, Rivoltini L. Low TCR avidity and lack of tumor cell recognition in CD8(+) T cells primed with the CEA-analogue CAP1-6D peptide. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1979-91. [PMID: 17564703 PMCID: PMC11030693 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of "altered peptide ligands" (APL), epitopes designed for exerting increased immunogenicity as compared with native determinants, represents nowadays one of the most utilized strategies for overcoming immune tolerance to self-antigens and boosting anti-tumor T cell-mediated immune responses. However, the actual ability of APL-primed T cells to cross-recognize natural epitopes expressed by tumor cells remains a crucial concern. In the present study, we show that CAP1-6D, a superagonist analogue of a carcinoembriyonic antigen (CEA)-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope widely used in clinical setting, reproducibly promotes the generation of low-affinity CD8(+) T cells lacking the ability to recognized CEA-expressing colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Short-term T cell cultures, obtained by priming peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-A*0201(+) healthy donors or CRC patients with CAP1-6D, were indeed found to heterogeneously cross-react with saturating concentrations of the native peptide CAP1, but to fail constantly lysing or recognizing through IFN- gamma release CEA(+)CRC cells. Characterization of anti-CAP1-6D T cell avidity, gained through peptide titration, CD8-dependency assay, and staining with mutated tetramers (D227K/T228A), revealed that anti-CAP1-6D T cells exerted a differential interaction with the two CEA epitopes, i.e., displaying high affinity/CD8-independency toward the APL and low affinity/CD8-dependency toward the native CAP1 peptide. Our data demonstrate that the efficient detection of self-antigen expressed by tumors could be a feature of high avidity CD8-independent T cells, and underline the need for extensive analysis of tumor cross-recognition prior to any clinical usage of APL as anti-cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Iero
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Squarcina
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Romero
- Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Scarselli
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, IRBM P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cerino
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, IRBM P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Carrabba
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique et de Biologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Giorgio Parmiani
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Present Address: Unit of Immunobiotherapy of Solid Tumors, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Shanker A, Verdeil G, Buferne M, Inderberg-Suso EM, Puthier D, Joly F, Nguyen C, Leserman L, Auphan-Anezin N, Schmitt-Verhulst AM. CD8 T Cell Help for Innate Antitumor Immunity. J Immunol 2007; 179:6651-62. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tuyaerts S, Aerts JL, Corthals J, Neyns B, Heirman C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K, Bonehill A. Current approaches in dendritic cell generation and future implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1513-37. [PMID: 17503040 PMCID: PMC11030932 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tumor-associated antigens, which are either selectively or preferentially expressed by tumors, together with an improved insight in dendritic cell biology illustrating their key function in the immune system, have provided a rationale to initiate dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials. Nevertheless, dendritic cell vaccination is in an early stage, as methods for preparing tumor antigen presenting dendritic cells and improving their immunostimulatory function are continuously being optimized. In addition, recent improvements in immunomonitoring have emphasized the need for careful design of this part of the trials. Still, valuable proofs-of-principle have been obtained, which favor the use of dendritic cells in subsequent, more standardized clinical trials. Here, we review the recent developments in clinical DC generation, antigen loading methods and immunomonitoring approaches for DC-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tuyaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Corthals
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Neyns
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, University Hospital Brussels, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Bonehill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Korthals M, Safaian N, Kronenwett R, Maihöfer D, Schott M, Papewalis C, Diaz Blanco E, Winter M, Czibere A, Haas R, Kobbe G, Fenk R. Monocyte derived dendritic cells generated by IFN-alpha acquire mature dendritic and natural killer cell properties as shown by gene expression analysis. J Transl Med 2007; 5:46. [PMID: 17894866 PMCID: PMC2064912 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines can induce antitumor immune responses in patients with malignant diseases, while the most suitable DC culture conditions have not been established yet. In this study we compared monocyte derived human DC from conventional cultures containing GM-CSF and IL-4/TNF-alpha (IL-4/TNF-DC) with DC generated by the novel protocol using GM-CSF and IFN-alpha (IFN-DC). METHODS To characterise the molecular differences of both DC preparations, gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. The data were conformed on a protein level by immunophenotyping, and functional tests for T cell stimulation, migration and cytolytic activity were performed. RESULTS Both methods resulted in CD11c+ CD86+ HLA-DR+ cells with a typical DC morphology that could efficiently stimulate T cells. But gene expression profiling revealed two distinct DC populations. Whereas IL-4/TNF-DC showed a higher expression of genes envolved in phagocytosis IFN-DC had higher RNA levels for markers of DC maturity and migration to the lymph nodes like DCLAMP, CCR7 and CD49d. This different orientation of both DC populations was confined by a 2.3 fold greater migration in transwell experiments (p = 0.01). Most interestingly, IFN-DC also showed higher RNA levels for markers of NK cells such as TRAIL, granzymes, KLRs and other NK cell receptors. On a protein level, intracytoplasmatic TRAIL and granzyme B were observed in 90% of IFN-DC. This translated into a cytolytic activity against K562 cells with a median specific lysis of 26% at high effector cell numbers as determined by propidium iodide uptake, whereas IL-4/TNF-DC did not induce any tumor cell lysis (p = 0.006). Thus, IFN-DC combined characteristics of mature DC and natural killer cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IFN-DC not only stimulate adaptive but also mediate innate antitumor immune responses. Therefore, IFN-DC should be evaluated in clinical vaccination trials. In particular, this could be relevant for patients with diseases responsive to a treatment with IFN-alpha such as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Korthals
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nancy Safaian
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Kronenwett
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics GmbH, Molecular Research Germany, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Maihöfer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Papewalis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Diaz Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike Winter
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Akos Czibere
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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