1
|
Lv K, Chen S, Xu X, Chiu J, Wang HJ, Han Y, Yang X, Bowley SR, Wang H, Tang Z, Tang N, Yang A, Yang S, Wang J, Jin S, Wu Y, Schmaier AH, Ju LA, Hogg PJ, Fang C. Protein disulfide isomerase cleaves allosteric disulfides in histidine-rich glycoprotein to regulate thrombosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3129. [PMID: 38605050 PMCID: PMC11009332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The essence of difference between hemostasis and thrombosis is that the clotting reaction is a highly fine-tuned process. Vascular protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) represents a critical mechanism regulating the functions of hemostatic proteins. Herein we show that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a substrate of PDI. Reduction of HRG by PDI enhances the procoagulant and anticoagulant activities of HRG by neutralization of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) and inhibition of factor XII (FXIIa) activity, respectively. Murine HRG deficiency (Hrg-/-) leads to delayed onset but enhanced formation of thrombus compared to WT. However, in the combined FXII deficiency (F12-/-) and HRG deficiency (by siRNA or Hrg-/-), there is further thrombosis reduction compared to F12-/- alone, confirming HRG's procoagulant activity independent of FXIIa. Mutation of target disulfides of PDI leads to a gain-of-function mutant of HRG that promotes its activities during coagulation. Thus, PDI-HRG pathway fine-tunes thrombosis by promoting its rapid initiation via neutralization of HS and preventing excessive propagation via inhibition of FXIIa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Haoqing J Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yunyun Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sheryl R Bowley
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lining A Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong YX, Chiu J, Passam FH. "Sticki-ER": Functions of the Platelet Endoplasmic Reticulum. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38284332 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Significance: The primary role of platelets is to generate a thrombus by platelet activation. Platelet activation relies on calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER resident proteins, which are externalized upon platelet activation, are essential for the function of platelet surface receptors and intercellular interactions. Recent Advances: The platelet ER is a conduit for changes in cellular function in response to the extracellular milieu. ER homeostasis is maintained by an appropriate redox balance, regulated calcium stores and normal protein folding. Alterations in ER function and ER stress results in ER proteins externalizing to the cell surface, including members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs) and chaperones. Critical Issues: The platelet ER is central to platelet function, but our understanding of its regulation is incomplete. Previous studies have focused on the function of PDIs in the extracellular space, and much less on their intracellular role. How platelets maintain ER homeostasis and how they direct ER chaperone proteins to facilitate intercellular signalling is unknown. Future Directions: An understanding of ER functions in the platelet is essential as these may determine critical platelet activities such as secretion and adhesion. Studies are necessary to understand the redox reactions of PDIs in the intracellular versus extracellular space, as these differentially affect platelet function. An unresolved question is how platelet ER proteins control calcium release. Regulation of protein folding in the platelet and downstream pathways of ER stress require further evaluation. Targeting the platelet ER may have therapeutic application in metabolic and neoplastic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Kong
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Haematology Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health; The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Xu X, Wang HJ, Chen YC, Chen Y, Chiu J, Li L, Wang L, Wang J, Tang Z, Ren L, Li H, Wang X, Jin S, Wu Y, Huang M, Ju LA, Fang C. Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 72 Regulates Integrin Mac-1 Activity to Influence Neutrophil Recruitment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e82-e98. [PMID: 38205640 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins mediate the adhesion, crawling, and migration of neutrophils during vascular inflammation. Thiol exchange is important in the regulation of integrin functions. ERp72 (endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 72) is a member of the thiol isomerase family responsible for the catalysis of disulfide rearrangement. However, the role of ERp72 in the regulation of Mac-1 (integrin αMβ2) on neutrophils remains elusive. METHODS Intravital microscopy of the cremaster microcirculation was performed to determine in vivo neutrophil movement. Static adhesion, flow chamber, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate in vitro integrin functions. Confocal fluorescent microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation were utilized to characterize the interactions between ERp72 and Mac-1 on neutrophil surface. Cell-impermeable probes and mass spectrometry were used to label reactive thiols and identify target disulfide bonds during redox exchange. Biomembrane force probe was performed to quantitatively measure the binding affinity of Mac-1. A murine model of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide was utilized to evaluate neutrophil-associated vasculopathy. RESULTS ERp72-deficient neutrophils exhibited increased rolling but decreased adhesion/crawling on inflamed venules in vivo and defective static adhesion in vitro. The defect was due to defective activation of integrin Mac-1 but not LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) using blocking or epitope-specific antibodies. ERp72 interacted with Mac-1 in lipid rafts on neutrophil surface leading to the reduction of the C654-C711 disulfide bond in the αM subunit that is critical for Mac-1 activation. Recombinant ERp72, via its catalytic motifs, increased the binding affinity of Mac-1 with ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and rescued the defective adhesion of ERp72-deficient neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of ERp72 in the bone marrow inhibited neutrophil infiltration, ameliorated tissue damage, and increased survival during murine acute lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular ERp72 regulates integrin Mac-1 activity by catalyzing disulfide rearrangement on the αM subunit and may be a novel target for the treatment of neutrophil-associated vasculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Y.L., X.X., L.L., L.W., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Y.L., X.X., L.L., L.W., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine (X.X., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoqing Jerry Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Sydney Nanoscience Hub (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiyao Catherine Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College (Y.C.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yaobing Chen
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Sydney Nanoscience Hub (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Centenary Institute (J.C.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Y.L., X.X., L.L., L.W., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Y.L., X.X., L.L., L.W., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical Collage (J.W.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China (J.W.)
| | - Zhaoming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College (Z.T.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College (L.R.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L., X.W.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (H.L., X.W.)
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H.L., X.W.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (H.L., X.W.)
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College (S.J.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (Y.W.)
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China (M.H.)
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Sydney Nanoscience Hub (H.J.W., Y.C.C., L.A.J.), The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (Y.L., X.X., L.L., L.W., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Tongji-Rongcheng Center for Biomedicine (X.X., C.F.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China (C.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang M, Chiu J, Scartelli C, Ponzar N, Patel S, Patel A, Ferreira RB, Keyes RF, Carroll KS, Pozzi N, Hogg PJ, Smith BC, Flaumenhaft R. Sulfenylation links oxidative stress to protein disulfide isomerase oxidase activity and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2137-2150. [PMID: 37037379 PMCID: PMC10657653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress contributes to thrombosis in atherosclerosis, inflammation, infection, aging, and malignancy. Oxidant-induced cysteine modifications, including sulfenylation, can act as a redox-sensitive switch that controls protein function. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a prothrombotic enzyme with exquisitely redox-sensitive active-site cysteines. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PDI is sulfenylated during oxidative stress, contributing to the prothrombotic potential of PDI. METHODS Biochemical and enzymatic assays using purified proteins, platelet and endothelial cell assays, and in vivo murine thrombosis studies were used to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in PDI sulfenylation and prothrombotic activity. RESULTS PDI exposure to oxidants resulted in the loss of PDI reductase activity and simultaneously promoted sulfenylated PDI generation. Following exposure to oxidants, sulfenylated PDI spontaneously converted to disulfided PDI. PDI oxidized in this manner was able to transfer disulfides to protein substrates. Inhibition of sulfenylation impaired disulfide formation by oxidants, indicating that sulfenylation is an intermediate during PDI oxidation. Agonist-induced activation of platelets and endothelium resulted in the release of sulfenylated PDI. PDI was also sulfenylated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). In an in vivo model of thrombus formation, oxLDL markedly promoted platelet accumulation following an arteriolar injury. PDI oxidoreductase inhibition blocked oxLDL-mediated augmentation of thrombosis. CONCLUSION PDI sulfenylation is a critical posttranslational modification that is an intermediate during disulfide PDI formation in the setting of oxidative stress. Oxidants generated by vascular cells during activation promote PDI sulfenylation, and interference with PDI during oxidative stress impairs thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina Scartelli
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Ponzar
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anika Patel
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Robert F Keyes
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian C Smith
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kutzki F, Butera D, Lay AJ, Maag D, Chiu J, Woon HG, Kubař T, Elstner M, Aponte-Santamaría C, Hogg PJ, Gräter F. Disulfide Bond Reduction and Exchange in von-Willebrand-Factor's C4-Domain Undermines Platelet Binding. J Thromb Haemost 2023:S1538-7836(23)00273-8. [PMID: 37059301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a key player in regulating hemostasis through adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular injury. It is a large multi-domain mechano-sensitive protein stabilized by a net of disulfide bridges. Binding to platelet integrin is achieved by the vWF-C4 domain which exhibits a fixed fold, even under conditions of severe mechanical stress, but only if critical internal disulfide bonds are closed. OBJECTIVE To determine the oxidation state of C4's disulfide bridges and implications for vWF's platelet binding function. METHODS We combined classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical simulations, mass spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis, and platelet binding assays. RESULTS We show that two disulfide bonds in the vWF-C4 domain, namely the two major force-bearing ones, are partially reduced in human blood. Reduction leads to pronounced conformational changes within C4 that considerably affect the accessibility of the RGD-integrin binding motif, and thereby impair integrin-mediated platelet binding. We also reveal that reduced species in the C4 domain undergo specific thiol/disulfide exchanges with the remaining disulfide bridges, in a process in which mechanical force may increase the proximity of specific reactant cysteines, further trapping C4 in a state of low integrin-binding propensity. We identify a multitude of redox states in all six vWF-C domains, suggesting disulfide bond reduction and swapping to be a general theme. CONCLUSION Our data put forward a mechanism in which disulfide bonds dynamically swap cysteine partners and control the interaction of vWF with integrin and potentially other partners, thereby critically influencing its hemostatic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kutzki
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diego Butera
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Denis Maag
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Heng-Giap Woon
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Tomáš Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dupuy A, Aponte Santamaría C, Yeheskel A, Hortle E, Oehlers SH, Gräter F, Hogg PJ, Passam FH, Chiu J. Mechano-Redox Control of Macrophage-1 Antigen De-Adhesion From ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) by Protein Disulfide Isomerase Promotes Directional Movement Under Flow. Circ Res 2023; 132:e151-e168. [PMID: 37021588 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil migration is critical to the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1; CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) is a leukocyte integrin essential for firm adhesion to endothelial ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and migration of neutrophils in the shear forces of the circulation. PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) has been reported to influence neutrophil adhesion and migration. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of PDI control of Mac-1 affinity for ICAM-1 during neutrophil migration under fluid shear. METHODS Neutrophils isolated from whole blood were perfused over microfluidic chips coated with ICAM-1. Colocalization of Mac-1 and PDI on neutrophils was visualized by fluorescently labeled antibodies and confocal microscopy. The redox state of Mac-1 disulfide bonds was mapped by differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry. Wild-type or disulfide mutant Mac-1 was expressed recombinantly in Baby Hamster Kidney cells to measure ligand affinity. Mac-1 conformations were measured by conformation-specific antibodies and molecular dynamics simulations. Neutrophils crawling on immobilized ICAM-1 were measured in presence of oxidized or reduced PDI, and the effect of PDI inhibition using isoquercetin on neutrophil crawling on inflamed endothelial cells was examined. Migration indices in the X- and Y-direction were determined and the crawling speed was calculated. RESULTS PDI colocalized with high-affinity Mac-1 at the trailing edge of stimulated neutrophils when crawling on ICAM-1 under fluid shear. PDI cleaved 2 allosteric disulfide bonds, C169-C176 and C224-C264, in the βI domain of the β2 subunit, and cleavage of the C224-C264 disulfide bond selectively controls Mac-1 disengagement from ICAM-1 under fluid shear. Molecular dynamics simulations and conformation-specific antibodies reveal that cleavage of the C224-C264 bond induces conformational change and mechanical stress in the βI domain. This allosterically alters the exposure of an αI domain epitope associated with a shift of Mac-1 to a lower-affinity state. These molecular events promote neutrophil motility in the direction of flow at high shear stress. Inhibition of PDI by isoquercetin reduces neutrophil migration in the direction of flow on endothelial cells during inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Shear-dependent PDI cleavage of the neutrophil Mac-1 C224-C264 disulfide bond triggers Mac-1 de-adherence from ICAM-1 at the trailing edge of the cell and enables directional movement of neutrophils during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dupuy
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.D., F.H.P.)
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (A.D., F.H.P.)
| | | | - Adva Yeheskel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Israel (A.Y.)
| | - Elinor Hortle
- Tuberculosis Research Program, the Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia (E.H., S.H.O.)
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program, the Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia (E.H., S.H.O.)
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies, Germany (C.A.S., F.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Germany (F.G.)
| | - Philip J Hogg
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, the Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.H., J.C.)
| | - Freda H Passam
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (A.D., F.H.P.)
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia (A.D., F.H.P.)
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, the Centenary Institute, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (P.J.H., J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kwart D, He J, Srivatsan S, Lett C, Golubov J, Oswald EM, Poon P, Ye X, Waite J, Zaretsky AG, Haxhinasto S, Au-Yeung E, Gupta NT, Chiu J, Adler C, Cherravuru S, Malahias E, Negron N, Lanza K, Coppola A, Ni M, Song H, Wei Y, Atwal GS, Macdonald L, Oristian NS, Poueymirou W, Jankovic V, Fury M, Lowy I, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Wang B, Skokos D. Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111769. [PMID: 36476866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are highly plastic immune cells that modulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate tumor monocyte functions is critical for developing effective immunotherapies. Here, we determine that endogenous cancer cell-derived type I interferons (IFNs) control monocyte functional polarization. Guided by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human and mouse tumors, we devise a strategy to distinguish and separate immunostimulatory from immunosuppressive tumor monocytes by surface CD88 and Sca-1 expression. Leveraging this approach, we show that cGAS-STING-regulated cancer cell-derived IFNs polarize immunostimulatory monocytes associated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response in mice. We also demonstrate that immunosuppressive monocytes convert into immunostimulatory monocytes upon cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING activation. Consistently, we find that human cancer cells can produce type I IFNs that polarize monocytes, and our immunostimulatory monocyte gene signature is enriched in patient tumors that respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our work exposes a role for cancer cell-derived IFNs in licensing monocyte functions that influence immunotherapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kwart
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jing He
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Poon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hang Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Bei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dupuy A, Ju LA, Chiu J, Passam FH. Mechano-Redox Control of Integrins in Thromboinflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1072-1093. [PMID: 35044225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: How mechanical forces and biochemical cues are coupled remains a miracle for many biological processes. Integrins, well-known adhesion receptors, sense changes in mechanical forces and reduction-oxidation reactions (redox) in their environment to mediate their adhesive function. The coupling of mechanical and redox function is a new area of investigation. Disturbance of normal mechanical forces and the redox balance occurs in thromboinflammatory conditions; atherosclerotic plaques create changes to the mechanical forces in the circulation. Diabetes induces redox changes in the circulation by the production of reactive oxygen species and vascular inflammation. Recent Advances: Integrins sense changes in the blood flow shear stress at the level of focal adhesions and respond to flow and traction forces by increased signaling. Talin, the integrin-actin linker, is a traction force sensor and adaptor. Oxidation and reduction of integrin disulfide bonds regulate their adhesion. A conserved disulfide bond in integrin αlpha IIb beta 3 (αIIbβ3) is directly reduced by the thiol oxidoreductase endoplasmic reticulum protein 5 (ERp5) under shear stress. Critical Issues: The coordination of mechano-redox events between the extracellular and intracellular compartments is an active area of investigation. Another fundamental issue is to determine the spatiotemporal arrangement of key regulators of integrins' mechanical and redox interactions. How thromboinflammatory conditions lead to mechanoredox uncoupling is relatively unexplored. Future Directions: Integrated approaches, involving disulfide bond biochemistry, microfluidic assays, and dynamic force spectroscopy, will aid in showing that cell adhesion constitutes a crossroad of mechano- and redox biology, within the same molecule, the integrin. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1072-1093.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dupuy
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prissette M, Fury W, Koss M, Racioppi C, Fedorova D, Dragileva E, Clarke G, Pohl T, Dugan J, Ahrens D, Chiu J, Hunt C, Siao CJ, Young T, Bhowmick A, Rogulin V, Desclaux M, Hayden EY, Podgorski M, Gao M, Macdonald LE, Frendewey D, Yancopoulos GD, Zambrowicz B. Disruption of nuclear envelope integrity as a possible initiating event in tauopathies. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111249. [PMID: 36001963 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is an abundant component of neurons of the central nervous system. In Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies, tau is found hyperphosphorylated and aggregated in neurofibrillary tangles. To obtain a better understanding of the cellular perturbations that initiate tau pathogenesis, we performed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen for genetic modifiers that enhance tau aggregation. This initial screen yielded three genes, BANF1, ANKLE2, and PPP2CA, whose inactivation promotes the accumulation of tau in a phosphorylated and insoluble form. In a complementary screen, we identified three additional genes, LEMD2, LEMD3, and CHMP7, that, when overexpressed, provide protection against tau aggregation. The proteins encoded by the identified genes are mechanistically linked and recognized for their roles in the maintenance and repair of the nuclear envelope. These results implicate the disruption of nuclear envelope integrity as a possible initiating event in tauopathies and reveal targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Taylor Pohl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John Dugan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Tara Young
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Gao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Aims: Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) binding to sialic acid on lung epithelial cells triggers membrane fusion and infection. Host thiol isomerases have been shown to play a role in influenza A virus infection, and we hypothesized that this role involved manipulation of disulfide bonds in HA. Results: Analysis of HA crystal structures revealed that three of the six HA disulfides occur in high-energy conformations and four of the six bonds can exist in unformed states, suggesting that the disulfide landscape of HA is generally strained and the bonds may be labile. We measured the redox state of influenza A virus HA disulfide bonds and their susceptibility to cleavage by vascular thiol isomerases. Using differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry, we show that all six HA disulfide bonds exist in unformed states in ∼1 in 10 recombinant and viral surface HA molecules. Four of the six H1 and H3 HA bonds are cleaved by the vascular thiol isomerases, thioredoxin and protein disulphide isomerase, in recombinant proteins, which correlated with surface exposure of the disulfides in crystal structures. In contrast, viral surface HA disulfide bonds are impervious to five different vascular thiol isomerases. Innovation: It has been assumed that the disulfide bonds in mature HA protein are intact and inert. We show that all six HA disulfide bonds can exist in unformed states. Conclusion: These findings indicate that influenza A virus HA disulfides are naturally labile but not substrates for thiol isomerases when expressed on the viral surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Flórido
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- ACRF Centenary Cancer Research Centre, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Copin R, Baum A, Wloga E, Pascal KE, Giordano S, Fulton BO, Zhou A, Negron N, Lanza K, Chan N, Coppola A, Chiu J, Ni M, Wei Y, Atwal GS, Hernandez AR, Saotome K, Zhou Y, Franklin MC, Hooper AT, McCarthy S, Hamon S, Hamilton JD, Staples HM, Alfson K, Carrion R, Ali S, Norton T, Somersan-Karakaya S, Sivapalasingam S, Herman GA, Weinreich DM, Lipsich L, Stahl N, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Kyratsous CA. The monoclonal antibody combination REGEN-COV protects against SARS-CoV-2 mutational escape in preclinical and human studies. Cell 2021; 184:3949-3961.e11. [PMID: 34161776 PMCID: PMC8179113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are a clinically validated therapeutic option against COVID-19. Because rapidly emerging virus mutants are becoming the next major concern in the fight against the global pandemic, it is imperative that these therapeutic treatments provide coverage against circulating variants and do not contribute to development of treatment-induced emergent resistance. To this end, we investigated the sequence diversity of the spike protein and monitored emergence of virus variants in SARS-COV-2 isolates found in COVID-19 patients treated with the two-antibody combination REGEN-COV, as well as in preclinical in vitro studies using single, dual, or triple antibody combinations, and in hamster in vivo studies using REGEN-COV or single monoclonal antibody treatments. Our study demonstrates that the combination of non-competing antibodies in REGEN-COV provides protection against all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest and also protects against emergence of new variants and their potential seeding into the population in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Copin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Alina Baum
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Elzbieta Wloga
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anbo Zhou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Nicole Negron
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kathryn Lanza
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Newton Chan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Angel Coppola
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Kei Saotome
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Shane McCarthy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sara Hamon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Hilary M Staples
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Kendra Alfson
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Shazia Ali
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Thomas Norton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Gary A Herman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Leah Lipsich
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu X, Chiu J, Chen S, Fang C. Pathophysiological roles of cell surface and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase and their molecular mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2911-2930. [PMID: 33837960 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is the prototypic member of the thiol isomerase family that catalyses disulfide bond rearrangement. Initially identified in the endoplasmic reticulum as folding catalysts, PDI and other members in its family have also been widely reported to reside on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Although how PDI is exported and retained on the cell surface remains a subject of debate, this unique pool of PDI is developing into an important mechanism underlying the redox regulation of protein sulfhydryls that are critical for the cellular activities under various disease conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological roles of surface and extracellular PDI and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Understanding the involvement of extracellular PDI in these diseases will advance our knowledge in the molecular aetiology to facilitate the development of novel pharmacological strategies by specifically targeting PDI in extracellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Young TM, Reyes C, Pasnikowski E, Castanaro C, Wong C, Decker CE, Chiu J, Song H, Wei Y, Bai Y, Zambrowicz B, Thurston G, Daly C. Autophagy protects tumors from T cell–mediated cytotoxicity via inhibition of TNFα-induced apoptosis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/54/eabb9561. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although T cell checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment of cancer, the molecular determinants of tumor cell sensitivity to T cell–mediated killing need further elucidation. Here, we describe a mouse genome–scale CRISPR knockout screen that identifies tumor cell TNFα signaling as an important component of T cell–induced apoptosis, with NF-κB signaling and autophagy as major protective mechanisms. Knockout of individual autophagy genes sensitized tumor cells to killing by T cells that were activated via specific TCR or by a CD3 bispecific antibody. Conversely, inhibition of mTOR signaling, which results in increased autophagic activity, protected tumor cells from T cell killing. Autophagy functions at a relatively early step in the TNFα signaling pathway, limiting FADD-dependent caspase-8 activation. Genetic inactivation of tumor cell autophagy enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in mouse tumor models. Thus, targeting the protective autophagy pathway might sensitize tumors to T cell–engaging immunotherapies in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Young
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Claudia Reyes
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Chung Wong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Joyce Chiu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Hang Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu Z, Chiu J, Lee LR, Schindeler A, Jackson M, Ramaswamy Y, Dunstan CR, Hogg PJ, Zreiqat H. Reprogramming of human fibroblasts into osteoblasts by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:403-415. [PMID: 31904196 PMCID: PMC7031646 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) is a promising cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic value of iPSC technology is limited due to the complexity of induction protocols and potential risks of teratoma formation. A trans-differentiation approach employing natural factors may allow better control over reprogramming and improved safety. We report here a novel approach to drive trans-differentiation of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts using insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). We initially determined that media conditioned by human osteoblasts can induce reprogramming of human fibroblasts to functional osteoblasts. Proteomic analysis identified IGFBP7 as being significantly elevated in media conditioned with osteoblasts compared with those with fibroblasts. Recombinant IGFBP7 induced a phenotypic switch from fibroblasts to osteoblasts. The switch was associated with senescence and dependent on autocrine IL-6 signaling. Our study supports a novel strategy for regenerating bone by using IGFBP7 to trans-differentiate fibroblasts to osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZuFu Lu
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary InstituteNHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lucinda R. Lee
- Bioengineering & Molecular MedicineThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent MedicineThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Bioengineering & Molecular MedicineThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent MedicineThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Miriam Jackson
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- The Centenary InstituteNHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, The University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Tissue Engineering & Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lancette GA, Harmon SM, Brooks D, Bryant R, Chiu J, Graham J, Guilfoyle D, Hill W, Latt T, Noah C, Placencia A, Pratt M, Radle D, Smith A, Solomon H, Staben D, Stern N, Thaker N. Enumeration and Confirmation of Bacillus cereus in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/63.3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted in 15 laboratories to evaluate 2 different techniques for enumerating Bacillus cereus in foods. A direct plating technique using mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin agar and a most probable number (MPN) technique using trypticase-soy-polymyxin broth were compared for the enumeration of high and low populations of B. cereus in mashed potatoes. The collaborative results showed that the overall mean recovery obtained with the low population level was essentially the same by both techniques. However, the overall mean recovery was significantly higher by the direct plating technique at the high population level. A statistical evaluation of the data also showed that the direct plating technique had better repeatability and reproducibility than did the MFN technique at both the high and low population levels. These results suggest that the MPN technique is suitable for examining foods containing low populations of B. cereus, but that the direct plating technique is preferable for foods that contain a high population of this organism. The confirmatory technique used in the proposed method is reliable for presumptive identification of isolates as B. cereus. The method has been adopted as official first action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Lancette
- Food and Drug Administration, Minneapolis Center for Microbiological Investigations, Minneapolis, MN 55401
| | - Stanley M Harmon
- Food and Drug Administration, Minneapolis Center for Microbiological Investigations, Minneapolis, MN 55401
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Kim K, Jeong SY, Chiu J, Xiong B, Petukhov PA, Dai X, Li X, Andrews RK, Du X, Hogg PJ, Cho J. Platelet Protein Disulfide Isomerase Promotes Glycoprotein Ibα-Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions Under Thromboinflammatory Conditions. Circulation 2019; 139:1300-1319. [PMID: 30586735 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-neutrophil interactions contribute to vascular occlusion and tissue damage in thromboinflammatory disease. Platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), a key receptor for the cell-cell interaction, is believed to be constitutively active for ligand binding. Here, we established the role of platelet-derived protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in reducing the allosteric disulfide bonds in GPIbα and enhancing the ligand-binding activity under thromboinflammatory conditions. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis identified 2 potential allosteric disulfide bonds in GPIbα. Agglutination assays, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance analysis, a protein-protein docking model, proximity ligation assays, and mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate a direct interaction between PDI and GPIbα and to determine a role for PDI in regulating GPIbα function and platelet-neutrophil interactions. Also, real-time microscopy and animal disease models were used to study the pathophysiological role of PDI-GPIbα signaling under thromboinflammatory conditions. RESULTS Deletion or inhibition of platelet PDI significantly reduced GPIbα-mediated platelet agglutination. Studies using PDI-null platelets and recombinant PDI or Anfibatide, a clinical-stage GPIbα inhibitor, revealed that the oxidoreductase activity of platelet surface-bound PDI was required for the ligand-binding function of GPIbα. PDI directly bound to the extracellular domain of GPIbα on the platelet surface and reduced the Cys4-Cys17 and Cys209-Cys248 disulfide bonds. Real-time microscopy with platelet-specific PDI conditional knockout and sickle cell disease mice demonstrated that PDI-regulated GPIbα function was essential for platelet-neutrophil interactions and vascular occlusion under thromboinflammatory conditions. Studies using a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced stroke indicated that PDI-GPIbα signaling played a crucial role in tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PDI-facilitated cleavage of the allosteric disulfide bonds tightly regulates GPIbα function, promoting platelet-neutrophil interactions, vascular occlusion, and tissue damage under thromboinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho).,Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu (K.K.)
| | - Si-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.).,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.)
| | - Bei Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago (P.A.P.)
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd, Shatin, Hong Kong (X. Dai, X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd, Shatin, Hong Kong (X. Dai, X.L.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (R.K.A.)
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.).,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia (J. Chiu, P.J.H.)
| | - Jaehyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago (J.L., K.K., S.-Y.J, B.X., X. Du, J. Cho)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Su Z, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Humphrey SJ, Yang G, Francis D, Yasmin S, Shin SY, Norris DM, Kearney AL, Astore MA, Scavuzzo J, Fisher-Wellman KH, Wang QP, Parker BL, Neely GG, Vafaee F, Chiu J, Yeo R, Hogg PJ, Fazakerley DJ, Nguyen LK, Kuyucak S, James DE. Global redox proteome and phosphoproteome analysis reveals redox switch in Akt. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5486. [PMID: 31792197 PMCID: PMC6889415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein oxidation sits at the intersection of multiple signalling pathways, yet the magnitude and extent of crosstalk between oxidation and other post-translational modifications remains unclear. Here, we delineate global changes in adipocyte signalling networks following acute oxidative stress and reveal considerable crosstalk between cysteine oxidation and phosphorylation-based signalling. Oxidation of key regulatory kinases, including Akt, mTOR and AMPK influences the fidelity rather than their absolute activation state, highlighting an unappreciated interplay between these modifications. Mechanistic analysis of the redox regulation of Akt identified two cysteine residues in the pleckstrin homology domain (C60 and C77) to be reversibly oxidized. Oxidation at these sites affected Akt recruitment to the plasma membrane by stabilizing the PIP3 binding pocket. Our data provide insights into the interplay between oxidative stress-derived redox signalling and protein phosphorylation networks and serve as a resource for understanding the contribution of cellular oxidation to a range of diseases. Crosstalk between protein oxidation and other post-translational modifications remains unexplored. Here, the authors map the phosphoproteome, cysteine redox proteome and total proteome of adipocytes under acute oxidative stress and reveal crosstalk between cysteine oxidation and phosphorylation-based signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduan Su
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Guang Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Deanne Francis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alison L Kearney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Miro A Astore
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan Scavuzzo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Brody School of Medicine, Physiology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Reichelle Yeo
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Serdar Kuyucak
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Povitz M, Bansback N, Fenton M, Almeida F, Ratycz D, Huynh N, Ayas N, Chiu J, Pendharkar S. Workplace and driving consequences of sleepiness in Canadians with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a market research survey. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Passam FJ, Chiu J. Allosteric disulphide bonds as reversible mechano-sensitive switches that control protein functions in the vasculature. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:419-430. [PMID: 31090016 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulphide bonds are covalent linkages of two cysteine residues (R-S-S-R') in proteins. Unlike peptide bonds, disulphide bonds are reversible in nature allowing cleaved bonds to reform. Disulphide bonds are important structural elements that stabilise protein conformation. They can be of catalytic function found in enzymes that facilitate redox reactions in the cleavage/formation of disulphide bonds in their substrates. Emerging evidence also indicates that disulphide bonds can be of regulatory function which alter protein activity when they are cleaved or formed. This class of regulatory disulphide bonds is known as allosteric disulphide bonds. Allosteric disulphide bonds are mechano-sensitive, and stretching or twisting the sulphur-sulphur bond by mechanical force can make it easier or harder to be cleaved. This makes allosteric disulphide bonds an ideal type of mechano-sensitive switches for regulating protein functions in the vasculature where cells are continuously subjected to fluid shear force. This review will discuss the chemistry and biophysical properties of allosteric disulphide bonds and how they emerge to be mechano-sensitive switches in regulating platelet function and clot formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freda J Passam
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiu J. Measurement of redox states of the β3 integrin disulfide bonds by Mass Spectrometry. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3156. [PMID: 33654965 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional disulfide bonds mediate a change in protein function in which they reside when cleaved or formed. To elucidate how a functional disulfide bond controls protein activity, it is critical that the redox state of the bond in the population of protein molecules is known. Measurement of changes in disulfide bond redox state relies on thiol probes and immunoblotting. Such technique only offers a qualitative indication of a change in redox state but not the identity of cysteines involved. A differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry technique is described here that affords precise quantification of protein disulfide bond redox state. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by quantifying the redox state of 24 of the 28 disulfide bonds in human β3 integrin from purified platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eriksson O, Chiu J, Hogg PJ, Atkinson JP, Liszewski MK, Flaumenhaft R, Furie B. Thiol isomerase ERp57 targets and modulates the lectin pathway of complement activation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4878-4888. [PMID: 30670593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ER protein 57 (ERp57), a thiol isomerase secreted from vascular cells, is essential for complete thrombus formation in vivo, but other extracellular ERp57 functions remain unexplored. Here, we employed a kinetic substrate-trapping approach to identify extracellular protein substrates of ERp57 in platelet-rich plasma. MS-based identification with immunochemical confirmation combined with gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that ERp57 targets, among other substrates, components of the lectin pathway of complement activation: mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, collectin-10, collectin-11, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1, and mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2. Ficolin-3, the most abundant lectin pathway initiator in humans, circulates as disulfide-linked multimers of a monomer. ERp57 attenuated ficolin-3 ligand recognition and complement activation by cleaving intermolecular disulfide bonds in large ficolin-3 multimers, thereby reducing multimer size and ligand-binding affinity. We used MS to identify the disulfide-bonding pattern in ficolin-3 multimers and the disulfide bonds targeted by ERp57 and found that Cys6 and Cys23 in the N-terminal region of ficolin-3 form the intermolecular disulfide bonds in ficolin-3 multimers that are reduced by ERp57. Our results not only demonstrate that ERp57 can negatively regulate complement activation, but also identify a control mechanism for lectin pathway initiation in the vasculature. We conclude that extensive multimerization in large ficolin-3 multimers leads to a high affinity for ligands and strong complement-activating potential and that ERp57 suppresses complement activation by cleaving disulfide bonds in ficolin-3 and reducing its multimer size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Eriksson
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Joyce Chiu
- the Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, and
| | - Philip J Hogg
- the Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, and
| | - John P Atkinson
- the Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - M Kathryn Liszewski
- the Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bruce Furie
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Protein disulfide bonds link pairs of cysteine residues in polypeptide chains. Many of these bonds serve a purely structural or energetic role, but a growing subset of cleavable disulfide bonds has been shown to control the function of the mature protein in which they reside. These allosteric disulfides and the factors that cleave these bonds are being identified across biological systems and life forms and have been shown to control hemostasis, the immune response, and viral infection in mammals. The discovery of these functional disulfides and a rationale for their facile nature has been aided by the emergence of a conformational signature for allosteric bonds. This post-translational modification mostly occurs extracellularly, making these chemical events prime drug targets. Indeed, a membrane-impermeable inhibitor of one of the cleaving factors is currently being trialed as an antithrombotic agent in cancer patients. Allosteric disulfides are firmly established as a sophisticated means by which a protein's shape and function can be altered; however, the full scope of this biological regulation will not be realized without new tools and techniques to study this regulation and innovative ways of targeting it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- From the Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- From the Centenary Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
To elucidate how a functional disulphide bond controls protein activity, it is critical that the redox state of the bond in the population of protein molecules is known. A differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry technique is described that affords precise quantification of protein disulphide bond redox state. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by quantifying the redox state of 31 of the 37 disulphide bonds in human αIIbβ3 integrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bekendam RH, Iyu D, Passam F, Stopa JD, De Ceunynck K, Muse O, Bendapudi PK, Garnier CL, Gopal S, Crescence L, Chiu J, Furie B, Panicot-Dubois L, Hogg PJ, Dubois C, Flaumenhaft R. Protein disulfide isomerase regulation by nitric oxide maintains vascular quiescence and controls thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:2322-2335. [PMID: 30207066 PMCID: PMC6374154 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Nitric oxide synthesis controls protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) function. Nitric oxide (NO) modulation of PDI controls endothelial thrombogenicity. S-nitrosylated PDI inhibits platelet function and thrombosis. Nitric oxide maintains vascular quiescence in part through inhibition of PDI. SUMMARY: Background Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays an essential role in thrombus formation, and PDI inhibition is being evaluated clinically as a novel anticoagulant strategy. However, little is known about the regulation of PDI in the vasculature. Thiols within the catalytic motif of PDI are essential for its role in thrombosis. These same thiols bind nitric oxide (NO), which is a potent regulator of vessel function. To determine whether regulation of PDI represents a mechanism by which NO controls vascular quiescence, we evaluated the effect of NO on PDI function in endothelial cells and platelets, and thrombus formation in vivo. Aim To assess the effect of S-nitrosylation on the regulation of PDI and other thiol isomerases in the vasculature. Methods and results The role of endogenous NO in PDI activity was evaluated by incubating endothelium with an NO scavenger, which resulted in exposure of free thiols, increased thiol isomerase activity, and enhanced thrombin generation on the cell membrane. Conversely, exposure of endothelium to NO+ carriers or elevation of endogenous NO levels by induction of NO synthesis resulted in S-nitrosylation of PDI and decreased surface thiol reductase activity. S-nitrosylation of platelet PDI inhibited its reductase activity, and S-nitrosylated PDI interfered with platelet aggregation, α-granule release, and thrombin generation on platelets. S-nitrosylated PDI also blocked laser-induced thrombus formation when infused into mice. S-nitrosylated ERp5 and ERp57 were found to have similar inhibitory activity. Conclusions These studies identify NO as a critical regulator of vascular PDI, and show that regulation of PDI function is an important mechanism by which NO maintains vascular quiescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roelof H. Bekendam
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR-S1076, Vascular Research Center Marseille, Marseille, France
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David Iyu
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Freda Passam
- St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jack D. Stopa
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Karen De Ceunynck
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Oluwatoyosi Muse
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Pavan K. Bendapudi
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Céline L. Garnier
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Srila Gopal
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR-S1076, Vascular Research Center Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Furie
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR-S1076, Vascular Research Center Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM UMR-S1076, Vascular Research Center Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Department of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yap Y, Masuda N, Ito Y, Ishikawa T, Kim S, Aruga T, Toyama T, Saeki T, Yamanaka T, Saito M, Watanabe J, Takahashi M, Nakamura S, Inoue K, Suarez-Vizcarra J, He W, Solovieff N, Su F, Chiu J. Biomarker analyses of Asian women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC) receiving ribociclib (RIB) + endocrine therapy (ET). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy428.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
26
|
Passam F, Chiu J, Ju L, Pijning A, Jahan Z, Mor-Cohen R, Yeheskel A, Kolšek K, Thärichen L, Aponte-Santamaría C, Gräter F, Hogg PJ. Mechano-redox control of integrin de-adhesion. eLife 2018; 7:e34843. [PMID: 29932420 PMCID: PMC6054529 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How proteins harness mechanical force to control function is a significant biological question. Here we describe a human cell surface receptor that couples ligand binding and force to trigger a chemical event which controls the adhesive properties of the receptor. Our studies of the secreted platelet oxidoreductase, ERp5, have revealed that it mediates release of fibrinogen from activated platelet αIIbβ3 integrin. Protein chemical studies show that ligand binding to extended αIIbβ3 integrin renders the βI-domain Cys177-Cys184 disulfide bond cleavable by ERp5. Fluid shear and force spectroscopy assays indicate that disulfide cleavage is enhanced by mechanical force. Cell adhesion assays and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that cleavage of the disulfide induces long-range allosteric effects within the βI-domain, mainly affecting the metal-binding sites, that results in release of fibrinogen. This coupling of ligand binding, force and redox events to control cell adhesion may be employed to regulate other protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary InstituteNewtownAustralia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Lining Ju
- Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | | | - Ronit Mor-Cohen
- The Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- The Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Katra Kolšek
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lena Thärichen
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational BiophysicsUniversity of Los AndesBogotáColombia
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical StudiesHeidelbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary InstituteNewtownAustralia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yau S, Bettio L, Vetrici M, Truesdell A, Chiu C, Chiu J, Truesdell E, Christie B. Chronic minocycline treatment improves hippocampal neuronal structure, NMDA receptor function, and memory processing in Fmr1 knockout mice. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 113:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
28
|
Pijning AE, Chiu J, Yeo RX, Wong JWH, Hogg PJ. Identification of allosteric disulfides from labile bonds in X-ray structures. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171058. [PMID: 29515832 PMCID: PMC5830721 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide bonds link pairs of cysteine sulfur atoms and are either structural or functional motifs. The allosteric disulfides control the function of the protein in which they reside when cleaved or formed. Here, we identify potential allosteric disulfides in all Protein Data Bank X-ray structures from bonds that are present in some molecules of a protein crystal but absent in others, or present in some structures of a protein but absent in others. We reasoned that the labile nature of these disulfides signifies a propensity for cleavage and so possible allosteric regulation of the protein in which the bond resides. A total of 511 labile disulfide bonds were identified. The labile disulfides are more stressed than the average bond, being characterized by high average torsional strain and stretching of the sulfur-sulfur bond and neighbouring bond angles. This pre-stress likely underpins their susceptibility to cleavage. The coagulation, complement and oxygen-sensing hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathways, which are known or have been suggested to be regulated by allosteric disulfides, are enriched in proteins containing labile disulfides. The identification of labile disulfide bonds will facilitate the study of this post-translational modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aster E. Pijning
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Reichelle X. Yeo
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Jason W. H. Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chiu J, Leung R, Sze H, Teo P, Choi P, Lam TC, Yau T, Cheng P, Cheung FY, Cheung P. Real world data on use of palbociclib in hormone-receptor (ER) positive HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) among Asian patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx654.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
30
|
Yap YS, Ito Y, Bornstein O, Han Y, Samant T, Liu X, Chiu J. Phase Ib study of ribociclib (RIB) + letrozole (LET) in a subset of Asian patients (pts) with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx654.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
Sajith S, Wong W, Chiu J, Chiam P. Perceptions of Residents and Non-residents in Psychiatry on Training Needs and Care of Patients with Intellectual Disability and Mental Health Problems: A Study from Singapore. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and ObjectivePsychiatric assessment and care of people with Intellectual Disability (ID) is complex due to their cognitive and communication impairments. Demand for further training in this area by trainees in psychiatry has been well documented. The main of aims of this study were to explore the attitudes and perceptions of psychiatry residents and non-residents (non-trainees) with regards to care of patients with ID as well as their knowledge and training in this area.MethodThe study was conducted as an anonymous survey at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. A survey questionnaire developed by the study team was sent to residents and non-residents in psychiatry.ResultsForty-eight out of the 76 questionnaires were returned with a response rate of 63.16%. Twenty-eight participants described themselves as non-residents and the rest were residents. All participants responded that postgraduate training was required in the area of ID and mental health and majority reported that available training was inadequate. Ninety percent of respondents believed that people with ID were vulnerable to exploitation by other patients in the inpatient unit and 94% of respondents believed that people with ID should be managed by a specialist team.ConclusionCurrently residents and non-residents in psychiatry see that training in ID and mental health as well as services for people with ID as inadequate. Efforts should be made to include specialist training in psychiatry of ID in the Singapore psychiatry curriculum to enhance the confidence and expertise of psychiatrists in this field.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohammed M, Chiu J, Henderson D, Koszyca B. Primary intraventricular germinoma in a 27-year-old male. Pathology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Yau S, Bostrom C, Chiu J, Fontaine C, Sawchuk S, Meconi A, Wortman R, Truesdell E, Truesdell A, Chiu C, Hryciw B, Eadie B, Ghilan M, Christie B. Impaired bidirectional NMDA receptor dependent synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of adult female Fmr1 heterozygous knockout mice. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:261-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
34
|
Bekendam RH, Bendapudi PK, Lin L, Nag PP, Pu J, Kennedy DR, Feldenzer A, Chiu J, Cook KM, Furie B, Huang M, Hogg PJ, Flaumenhaft R. A substrate-driven allosteric switch that enhances PDI catalytic activity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12579. [PMID: 27573496 PMCID: PMC5013553 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an oxidoreductase essential for folding proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The domain structure of PDI is a–b–b′–x–a′, wherein the thioredoxin-like a and a′ domains mediate disulfide bond shuffling and b and b′ domains are substrate binding. The b′ and a′ domains are connected via the x-linker, a 19-amino-acid flexible peptide. Here we identify a class of compounds, termed bepristats, that target the substrate-binding pocket of b′. Bepristats reversibly block substrate binding and inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vivo. Ligation of the substrate-binding pocket by bepristats paradoxically enhances catalytic activity of a and a′ by displacing the x-linker, which acts as an allosteric switch to augment reductase activity in the catalytic domains. This substrate-driven allosteric switch is also activated by peptides and proteins and is present in other thiol isomerases. Our results demonstrate a mechanism whereby binding of a substrate to thiol isomerases enhances catalytic activity of remote domains. Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) is a prothrombotic, multidomain enzyme with separate substrate binding and catalytic domains. Here, the authors identify a new class of compounds that target the PDI substrate binding site, inducing a conformational change in the catalytic domains and inhibiting thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roelof H Bekendam
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pavan K Bendapudi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Partha P Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, The Broad Institute Probe Development Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, The Broad Institute Probe Development Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Daniel R Kennedy
- College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts 01119, USA
| | - Alexandra Feldenzer
- College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts 01119, USA
| | - Joyce Chiu
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Kristina M Cook
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Bruce Furie
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mingdong Huang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chiu J, Pierce M, Braunstein S, McDermott M, Sneed P, Ma L. SU-F-T-648: Sharpening Dose Fall-Off Via Beam Number Enhancements For Stereotactic Brain Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
36
|
Ma L, Braunstein S, Chiu J, Sahgal A. SU-F-T-113: Inherent Functional Dependence of Spinal Cord Doses of Variable Irradiated Volumes in Spine SBRT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
37
|
Anaya M, Anipchenko-Ulaj O, Ashfaq A, Chiu J, Kaiser M, Ohsawa MS, Owen M, Pavlechko E, St John K, Suleria S, Thompson K, Yap C. On Determining if Tree-based Networks Contain Fixed Trees. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:961-9. [PMID: 27125655 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We address an open question of Francis and Steel about phylogenetic networks and trees. They give a polynomial time algorithm to decide if a phylogenetic network, N, is tree-based and pose the problem: given a fixed tree T and network N, is N based on T? We show that it is [Formula: see text]-hard to decide, by reduction from 3-Dimensional Matching (3DM) and further that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anaya
- Queensborough Community College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bayside, NY, USA
| | | | - Aisha Ashfaq
- Queensborough Community College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bayside, NY, USA
| | - Joyce Chiu
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mahedi Kaiser
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lehman College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Max Shoji Ohsawa
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Megan Owen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lehman College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
| | | | - Katherine St John
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Lehman College, City University of New York (CUNY), Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Shivam Suleria
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Keith Thompson
- College of Staten Island, City University of New York (CUNY), Staten Island, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yau T, Chiu J, Cheung TT. What determines treatment success and future perspectives? Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:123-4. [PMID: 26917775 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yau
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T T Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ma L, Chiu J, McDermott M, Sneed P. Prescription Iso-Energy is a Strong Predictor of Symptomatic Adverse Radiation Effect in Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- ACRF-Centenary Cancer Research Centre & NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Freda Passam
- St George Clinical School, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diego Butera
- ACRF-Centenary Cancer Research Centre & NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Hogg
- ACRF-Centenary Cancer Research Centre & NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chiu J, Ma L. SU-E-T-230: Creating a Large Number of Focused Beams with Variable Patient Head Tilt to Improve Dose Fall-Off for Brain Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
42
|
Wong K, Chiu J, Shen X, Templeton A, Xu W, Chen E, Sherman M, Feld R, Knox J. Impact of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (Nlr) and Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (Plr) on Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc) Patients Treated with Sorafenib (Sor). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu334.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
43
|
Ma L, Perez-Andujar A, Chiu J, McGuinness C. SU-E-T-563: A Fast and Quantative Picket-Fence Test of a Submillimeter Patient Positioning System for Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
44
|
Abstract
Protein translation is initiated with methionine in eukaryotes, and the majority of proteins have their N-terminal methionine removed by methionine aminopeptidases (MetAP1 and MetAP2) prior to action. Methionine removal can be important for protein function, localization, or stability. No mechanism of regulation of MetAP activity has been identified. MetAP2, but not MetAP1, contains a single Cys(228)-Cys(448) disulfide bond that has an -RHStaple configuration and links two β-loop structures, which are hallmarks of allosteric disulfide bonds. From analysis of crystal structures and using mass spectrometry and activity assays, we found that the disulfide bond exists in oxidized and reduced states in the recombinant enzyme. The disulfide has a standard redox potential of -261 mV and is efficiently reduced by the protein reductant, thioredoxin, with a rate constant of 16,180 m(-1) s(-1). The MetAP2 disulfide bond also exists in oxidized and reduced states in glioblastoma tumor cells, and stressing the cells by oxygen or glucose deprivation results in more oxidized enzyme. The Cys(228)-Cys(448) disulfide is at the rim of the active site and is only three residues distant from the catalytic His(231), which suggested that cleavage of the bond would influence substrate hydrolysis. Indeed, oxidized and reduced isoforms have different catalytic efficiencies for hydrolysis of MetAP2 peptide substrates. These findings indicate that MetAP2 is post-translationally regulated by an allosteric disulfide bond, which controls substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- From the Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- From the Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- From the Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang Q, Leung R, Wong H, Chiu J, Chu K, Poon J, Epstein R, Kwong Y, Yau T. P9 Comparison of cetuximab and bevacizumab as first-line treatment in KRAS wild type advanced colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their tyrosine kinase receptors play a pivotal role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and in pathologies such as tumor growth. The VEGFs function as disulfide-linked antiparallel homodimers. The lymphangiogenic factors, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, exist as monomers and dimers, and dimerization is regulated by a unique unpaired cysteine. In this study, we have characterized the redox state of this unpaired cysteine in a recombinant mature monomeric and dimeric VEGF-C by mass spectrometry. Our findings indicate that the unpaired cysteine regulates dimerization via thiol-disulfide exchange involving the interdimer disulfide bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chiu
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ng JY, Chiu J, Hogg PJ, Wong JWH. Tyrosine nitration moderates the peptidase activity of human methionyl aminopeptidase 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:37-42. [PMID: 24041691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methionyl aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis. This study examined whether nitration of MetAP2 alters its enzymatic activity in vitro. The activity of unmodified, nitrated and oxidised MetAP2 was assessed and it was found that nitration significantly reduced its ability to cleave a chromogenic substrate. Mass spectrometry analysis identified Tyr336 as a nitrated residue in MetAP2. Structural and evolutionary analysis indicate that this is an important residue for MetAP2 activity. Combined, the results show that the activity of MetAP2 is reduced by nitration and raise the possibility that nitration of MetAP2 is a mechanism contributing to endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Y Ng
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bansback N, Chiu J, Avina-Zubieta A. AB1369 What is the evidence-based for future policy decisions regarding biologics in sle? A structured review of the literature. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
49
|
Yau T, Chiu J, Tang Y, Chan P, Leung R, Wong H, Fan ST, Poon R. The Use of Secox (Sorafenib, Oxaliplatin, Capcitabine) as the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Single-Center Analysis. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)31956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
50
|
Chiu J, Tang V, Chan P, Leung R, Wong H, Poon R, Fan S, Yau T. The Use of Secox (Sorafenib, Oxaliplatin, Capcitabine) as the Treatment of advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) - A Single Center Retrospective Study. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|