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Sun F, Xiao Y, Shapiro SD, Qu Z, Xiao G. Critical and distinct roles of cell type-specific NF-κB2 in lung cancer. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164188. [PMID: 38385745 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Different from the well-studied canonical NF-κB member RelA, the role of the noncanonical NF-κB member NF-κB2 in solid tumors, and lung cancer in particular, is poorly understood. Here we report that in contrast to the tumor-promoting role of RelA, NF-κB2 intrinsic to lung epithelial and tumor cells had no marked effect on lung tumorigenesis and progression. On the other hand, NF-κB2 limited dendritic cell number and activation in the lung but protected lung macrophages and drove them to promote lung cancer through controlling activation of noncanonical and canonical NF-κB, respectively. NF-κB2 was also required for B cell maintenance and T cell activation. The antitumor activity of lymphocyte NF-κB2 was dominated by the protumor function of myeloid NF-κB2; thus, NF-κB2 has an overall tumor-promoting activity. These studies reveal a cell type-dependent role for NF-κB2 in lung cancer and help understand the complexity of NF-κB action and lung cancer pathogenesis for better design of NF-κB-targeted therapy against this deadliest cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yadong Xiao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven D Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gutian Xiao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Zhou Y, Richmond A, Yan C. Harnessing the potential of CD40 agonism in cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:40-56. [PMID: 38102001 PMCID: PMC10922420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily of receptors expressed on a variety of cell types. The CD40-CD40L interaction gives rise to many immune events, including the licensing of dendritic cells to activate CD8+ effector T cells, as well as the facilitation of B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. In malignant cells, the expression of CD40 varies among cancer types, mediating cellular proliferation, apoptosis, survival and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Agonistic human anti-CD40 antibodies are emerging as an option for cancer treatment, and early-phase clinical trials explored its monotherapy or combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and other immunomodulatory approaches. In this review, we present the current understanding of the mechanism of action for CD40, along with results from the clinical development of agonistic human CD40 antibodies in cancer treatment (selicrelumab, CDX-1140, APX005M, mitazalimab, 2141-V11, SEA-CD40, LVGN7409, and bispecific antibodies). This review also examines the safety profile of CD40 agonists in both preclinical and clinical settings, highlighting optimized dosage levels, potential adverse effects, and strategies to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chi Yan
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Pittet MJ, Di Pilato M, Garris C, Mempel TR. Dendritic cells as shepherds of T cell immunity in cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:2218-2230. [PMID: 37708889 PMCID: PMC10591862 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In cancer patients, dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes can present antigens to naive T cells in ways that break immunological tolerance. The clonally expanded progeny of primed T cells are further regulated by DCs at tumor sites. Intratumoral DCs can both provide survival signals to and drive effector differentiation of incoming T cells, thereby locally enhancing antitumor immunity; however, the paucity of intratumoral DCs or their expression of immunoregulatory molecules often limits antitumor T cell responses. Here, we review the current understanding of DC-T cell interactions at both priming and effector sites of immune responses. We place emerging insights into DC functions in tumor immunity in the context of DC development, ontogeny, and functions in other settings and propose that DCs control at least two T cell-associated checkpoints of the cancer immunity cycle. Our understanding of both checkpoints has implications for the development of new approaches to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; AGORA Cancer Center, Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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4
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Dragan M, Chen Z, Li Y, Le J, Sun P, Haensel D, Sureshchandra S, Pham A, Lu E, Pham KT, Verlande A, Vu R, Gutierrez G, Li W, Jang C, Masri S, Dai X. Ovol1/2 loss-induced epidermal defects elicit skin immune activation and alter global metabolism. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56214. [PMID: 37249012 PMCID: PMC10328084 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin epidermis constitutes the outer permeability barrier that protects the body from dehydration, heat loss, and myriad external assaults. Mechanisms that maintain barrier integrity in constantly challenged adult skin and how epidermal dysregulation shapes the local immune microenvironment and whole-body metabolism remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that inducible and simultaneous ablation of transcription factor-encoding Ovol1 and Ovol2 in adult epidermis results in barrier dysregulation through impacting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and inflammatory gene expression. We find that aberrant skin immune activation then ensues, featuring Langerhans cell mobilization and T cell responses, and leading to elevated levels of secreted inflammatory factors in circulation. Finally, we identify failure to gain body weight and accumulate body fat as long-term consequences of epidermal-specific Ovol1/2 loss and show that these global metabolic changes along with the skin barrier/immune defects are partially rescued by immunosuppressant dexamethasone. Collectively, our study reveals key regulators of adult barrier maintenance and suggests a causal connection between epidermal dysregulation and whole-body metabolism that is in part mediated through aberrant immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Present address:
Institute of PsoriasisTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Johnny Le
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Daniel Haensel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Present address:
Program in Epithelial BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Anh Pham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Eddie Lu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Katherine Thanh Pham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Remy Vu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- The NSF‐Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Dermatology, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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5
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Pankhurst TE, Buick KH, Lange JL, Marshall AJ, Button KR, Palmer OR, Farrand KJ, Montgomerie I, Bird TW, Mason NC, Kuang J, Compton BJ, Comoletti D, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Painter GF, Hermans IF, Connor LM. MAIT cells activate dendritic cells to promote T FH cell differentiation and induce humoral immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112310. [PMID: 36989114 PMCID: PMC10045373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective immune responses against respiratory pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus, are initiated by the mucosal immune system. However, most licensed vaccines are administered parenterally and are largely ineffective at inducing mucosal immunity. The development of safe and effective mucosal vaccines has been hampered by the lack of a suitable mucosal adjuvant. In this study we explore a class of adjuvant that harnesses mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. We show evidence that intranasal immunization of MAIT cell agonists co-administered with protein, including the spike receptor binding domain from SARS-CoV-2 virus and hemagglutinin from influenza virus, induce protective humoral immunity and immunoglobulin A production. MAIT cell adjuvant activity is mediated by CD40L-dependent activation of dendritic cells and subsequent priming of T follicular helper cells. In summary, we show that MAIT cells are promising vaccine targets that can be utilized as cellular adjuvants in mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Pankhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kaitlin H Buick
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Joshua L Lange
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kaileen R Button
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Olga R Palmer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn J Farrand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Montgomerie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W Bird
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ngarangi C Mason
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
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6
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Burton AM, Ligman BR, Kearney CA, Murray SE. SMAC mimetics inhibit human T cell proliferation and fail to augment type 1 cytokine responses. Cell Immunol 2023; 384:104674. [PMID: 36706656 PMCID: PMC10319349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics are small molecule drugs that mimic the activity of the endogenous SMAC protein. SMAC and SMAC mimetics antagonize inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby sensitizing cells to apoptosis. As such, SMAC mimetics are being tested in numerous clinical trials for cancer. In addition to their direct anti-cancer effect, it has been suggested that SMAC mimetics may activate T cells, thereby promoting anti-tumor immunity. Here, we tested the effect of three clinically relevant SMAC mimetics on activation of primary human T cells. As previously reported, SMAC mimetics killed tumor cells and activated non-canonical NF-κB in T cells at clinically relevant doses. Surprisingly, none of the SMAC mimetics augmented T cell responses. Rather, SMAC mimetics impaired T cell proliferation and decreased the proportion of IFNγ/TNFα double-producing T cells. These results question the assumption that SMAC mimetics are likely to boost anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Burton
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brittany R Ligman
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claire A Kearney
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susan E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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7
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Wang T, He Z, Yuan CS, Deng ZW, Li F, Chen XG, Liu Y. MMP-responsive transformation nanomaterials with IAP antagonist to boost immune checkpoint therapy. J Control Release 2022; 343:765-776. [PMID: 35181414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical effect of immune checkpoint therapy is limited by the poor blocking efficiency of immune checkpoints and the insufficient infiltration of tumor-specific T cells. Here, we constructed enzyme-responsive PVA-peptide conjugates (PPCs) to achieve re-assembly with enhanced accumulation in the tumor region, enable enhanced PD-L1 occupancy and improve the blocking efficiency. The self-assembled PPC-1 nanoparticles can enter tumor environment, whereas the enzyme-cleavable peptide was digested under overgenerated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The accumulated PPC-1 simultaneously transformed into β-sheet fibrous structures around the solid tumor and remained stable for over 96 h, which led to efficiently interrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Upon introduction of the IAP antagonists, the non-classical NF-κB pathway of dendritic cells was activated and increased the infiltration of T cells in tumors. With the synergistic contribution of IAP antagonists from the substantial increase in expression of chemokines (CCL5 and CXCL9) and adequate T-cell infiltration in tumor sites, PPC-1 improved the biodistribution and accumulation of PD-L1 antagonists in tumor regions ultimately realizing higher-performance (P < 0.01) tumor growth inhibition efficiency (~80%) than PPC-2 group (~58%) in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. The growth of the second tumor at the distal end was obviously inhibited (P < 0.01) after the resection of the primary tumor. The combined efficacy was similar to that observed in a Pan02 pancreatic cancer tumor model. This strategy aims to offer novel perspective for the development of locational assembly platforms in vivo and the optimal design of immune checkpoint combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zheng He
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Cong-Shan Yuan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhen-Wei Deng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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8
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Lu X, Chen Q, Liu H, Zhang X. Interplay Between Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling and Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730684. [PMID: 34659217 PMCID: PMC8511458 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-canonical nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an important component of NF-κB transcription complex. Activation of this pathway mediates the development and function of host immune system involved in inflammation and viral infection. During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, there is a complex interaction between infected hepatocytes and the immune cells, which can hinder antiviral immune responses and is associated with pathological changes in liver tissue. Consistently, the host immune system is closely related to the severity of liver damage and the level of viral replication. Previous studies indicated that the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway was affected by HBV and might play an important regulatory role in the antiviral immunity. Therefore, systematically elucidating the interplay between HBV and non-canonical NF-κB signaling will contribute the discovery of more potential therapeutic targets and novel drugs to treat HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Struzik J, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Mielcarska MB, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Koper M, Gieryńska M. First Insight into the Modulation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Components by Poxviruses in Established Immune-Derived Cell Lines: An In Vitro Model of Ectromelia Virus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100814. [PMID: 33020446 PMCID: PMC7599462 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are the first line of antiviral immunity. Viral pathogens exploit these cell populations for their efficient replication and dissemination via the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Disruption of the noncanonical nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling has frequently been observed in lymphoid cells upon infection with oncogenic viruses. However, several nononcogenic viruses have been shown to manipulate the noncanonical NF-κB signaling in different cell types. This study demonstrates the modulating effect of ectromelia virus (ECTV) on the components of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway in established murine cell lines: JAWS II DCs and RAW 264.7 macrophages. ECTV affected the activation of TRAF2, cIAP1, RelB, and p100 upon cell treatment with both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB stimuli and thus impeded DNA binding by RelB and p52. ECTV also inhibited the expression of numerous genes related to the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and RelB-dependent gene expression in the cells treated with canonical and noncanonical NF-κB activators. Thus, our data strongly suggest that ECTV influenced the noncanonical NF-κB signaling components in the in vitro models. These findings provide new insights into the noncanonical NF-κB signaling components and their manipulation by poxviruses in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Struzik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (L.S.-D.); (M.B.M.); (M.B.-N.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59-360-61
| | - Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (L.S.-D.); (M.B.M.); (M.B.-N.); (M.G.)
| | - Matylda B. Mielcarska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (L.S.-D.); (M.B.M.); (M.B.-N.); (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (L.S.-D.); (M.B.M.); (M.B.-N.); (M.G.)
| | - Michał Koper
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, A. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Gieryńska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (L.S.-D.); (M.B.M.); (M.B.-N.); (M.G.)
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10
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Lecoeur H, Rosazza T, Kokou K, Varet H, Coppée JY, Lari A, Commère PH, Weil R, Meng G, Milon G, Späth GF, Prina E. Leishmania amazonensis Subverts the Transcription Factor Landscape in Dendritic Cells to Avoid Inflammasome Activation and Stall Maturation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1098. [PMID: 32582184 PMCID: PMC7295916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of human leishmaniases. They infect professional phagocytes of their mammalian hosts, including dendritic cells (DCs) that are essential for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. These immune functions strictly depend on the DC's capacity to differentiate from immature, antigen-capturing cells to mature, antigen-presenting cells—a process accompanied by profound changes in cellular phenotype and expression profile. Only little is known on how intracellular Leishmania affects this important process and DC transcriptional regulation. Here, we investigate these important open questions analyzing phenotypic, cytokine profile and transcriptomic changes in murine, immature bone marrow-derived DCs (iBMDCs) infected with antibody-opsonized and non-opsonized Leishmania amazonensis (L.am) amastigotes. DCs infected by non-opsonized amastigotes remained phenotypically immature whereas those infected by opsonized parasites displayed a semi-mature phenotype. The low frequency of infected DCs in culture led us to use DsRed2-transgenic parasites allowing for the enrichment of infected BMDCs by FACS. Sorted infected DCs were then subjected to transcriptomic analyses using Affymetrix GeneChip technology. Independent of parasite opsonization, Leishmania infection induced expression of genes related to key DC processes involved in MHC Class I-restricted antigen presentation and alternative NF-κB activation. DCs infected by non-opsonized parasites maintained an immature phenotype and showed a small but significant down-regulation of gene expression related to pro-inflammatory TLR signaling, the canonical NF-kB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. This transcriptomic profile was further enhanced in DCs infected with opsonized parasites that displayed a semi-mature phenotype despite absence of inflammasome activation. This paradoxical DC phenotype represents a Leishmania-specific signature, which to our knowledge has not been observed with other opsonized infectious agents. In conclusion, systems-analyses of our transcriptomics data uncovered important and previously unappreciated changes in the DC transcription factor landscape, thus revealing a novel Leishmania immune subversion strategy directly acting on transcriptional control of gene expression. Our data raise important questions on the dynamic and reciprocal interplay between trans-acting and epigenetic regulators in establishing permissive conditions for intracellular Leishmania infection and polarization of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lecoeur
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France.,Pasteur Institute of Shanghai, Innate Immunity Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
| | - Thibault Rosazza
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
| | - Kossiwa Kokou
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France.,Pasteur Institute of Shanghai, Innate Immunity Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Coppée
- Institut Pasteur - Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform - Biomics Pole - C2RT, Paris, France
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine Unit, Institut Pasteur of Iran, Teheran, Iran
| | | | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Guangxun Meng
- Pasteur Institute of Shanghai, Innate Immunity Unit, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Milon
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire Immunophysiologie et Parasitisme, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Département des Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Paris, France.,Pasteur International Unit "Inflammation and Leishmania Infection", Paris, France
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11
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de Silva S, Fromm G, Shuptrine CW, Johannes K, Patel A, Yoo KJ, Huang K, Schreiber TH. CD40 Enhances Type I Interferon Responses Downstream of CD47 Blockade, Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 8:230-245. [PMID: 31852716 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupting the binding of CD47 to SIRPα has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for advanced cancers by potentiating antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of targeted antibodies. Preclinically, CD47/SIRPα blockade induces antitumor activity by increasing the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages and enhancing the cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells; both of these processes are potentiated by CD40 signaling. Here we generated a novel, two-sided fusion protein incorporating the extracellular domains of SIRPα and CD40L, adjoined by a central Fc domain, termed SIRPα-Fc-CD40L. SIRPα-Fc-CD40L bound CD47 and CD40 with high affinity and activated CD40 signaling in the absence of Fc receptor cross-linking. No evidence of hemolysis, hemagglutination, or thrombocytopenia was observed in vitro or in cynomolgus macaques. Murine SIRPα-Fc-CD40L outperformed CD47 blocking and CD40 agonist antibodies in murine CT26 tumor models and synergized with immune checkpoint blockade of PD-1 and CTLA4. SIRPα-Fc-CD40L activated a type I interferon response in macrophages and potentiated the activity of ADCP-competent targeted antibodies both in vitro and in vivo These data illustrated that whereas CD47/SIRPα inhibition could potentiate tumor cell phagocytosis, CD40-mediated activation of a type I interferon response provided a bridge between macrophage- and T-cell-mediated immunity that significantly enhanced durable tumor control and rejection.
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12
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Pauwels AM, Härtlova A, Peltier J, Driege Y, Baudelet G, Brodin P, Trost M, Beyaert R, Hoffmann E. Spatiotemporal Changes of the Phagosomal Proteome in Dendritic Cells in Response to LPS Stimulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:909-922. [PMID: 30808727 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional phagocytes that use innate sensing and phagocytosis to internalize and degrade self as well as foreign material, such as pathogenic bacteria, within phagosomes. These intracellular compartments are equipped to generate antigenic peptides that serve as source for antigen presentation to T cells initiating adaptive immune responses. The phagosomal proteome of DCs is only partially studied and is highly dynamic as it changes during phagosome maturation, when phagosomes sequentially interact with endosomes and lysosomes. In addition, the activation status of the phagocyte can modulate the phagosomal composition and is able to shape phagosomal functions.In this study, we determined spatiotemporal changes of the proteome of DC phagosomes during their maturation and compared resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived DCs by label-free, quantitative mass spectrometry. Ovalbumin-coupled latex beads were used as phagocytosis model system and revealed that LPS-treated DCs show decreased recruitment of proteins involved in phagosome maturation, such as subunits of the vacuolar proton ATPase, cathepsin B, D, S, and RAB7. In contrast, those phagosomes were characterized by an increased recruitment of proteins involved in antigen cross-presentation, e.g. different subunits of MHC I molecules, the proteasome and tapasin, confirming the observed increase in cross-presentation efficacy in those cells. Further, several proteins were identified that were not previously associated with phagosomal functions. Hierarchical clustering of phagosomal proteins demonstrated that their acquisition to DC phagosomes is not only dependent on the duration of phagosome maturation but also on the activation state of DCs. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive overview of how DCs alter their phagosome composition in response to LPS, which has profound impact on the initiation of efficient immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Pauwels
- From the ‡Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium;; §Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- ¶Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Julien Peltier
- ¶Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Yasmine Driege
- From the ‡Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium;; §Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Baudelet
- From the ‡Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium;; §Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Priscille Brodin
- ‖Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Matthias Trost
- ¶Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- From the ‡Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium;; §Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- From the ‡Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium;; §Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;; ‖Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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13
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Karnell JL, Rieder SA, Ettinger R, Kolbeck R. Targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway in autoimmune diseases: Humoral immunity and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:92-103. [PMID: 30552917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily member expressed on both immune and non-immune cells. Interactions between B cell-expressed CD40 and its binding partner, CD40L, predominantly expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, play a critical role in promoting germinal center formation and the production of class-switched antibodies. Non-hematopoietic cells expressing CD40 can also engage CD40L and trigger a pro-inflammatory response. This article will highlight what is known about the biology of the CD40-CD40L axis in humans and describe the potential contribution of CD40 signaling on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches to target this pathway, currently being evaluated in clinical trials, are discussed.
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14
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Garris CS, Arlauckas SP, Kohler RH, Trefny MP, Garren S, Piot C, Engblom C, Pfirschke C, Siwicki M, Gungabeesoon J, Freeman GJ, Warren SE, Ong S, Browning E, Twitty CG, Pierce RH, Le MH, Algazi AP, Daud AI, Pai SI, Zippelius A, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Successful Anti-PD-1 Cancer Immunotherapy Requires T Cell-Dendritic Cell Crosstalk Involving the Cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12. Immunity 2018; 49:1148-1161.e7. [PMID: 30552023 PMCID: PMC6301092 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockers can induce sustained clinical responses in cancer but how they function in vivo remains incompletely understood. Here, we combined intravital real-time imaging with single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and mouse models to uncover anti-PD-1 pharmacodynamics directly within tumors. We showed that effective antitumor responses required a subset of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs), which produced interleukin 12 (IL-12). These DCs did not bind anti-PD-1 but produced IL-12 upon sensing interferon γ (IFN-γ) that was released from neighboring T cells. In turn, DC-derived IL-12 stimulated antitumor T cell immunity. These findings suggest that full-fledged activation of antitumor T cells by anti-PD-1 is not direct, but rather involves T cell:DC crosstalk and is licensed by IFN-γ and IL-12. Furthermore, we found that activating the non-canonical NF-κB transcription factor pathway amplified IL-12-producing DCs and sensitized tumors to anti-PD-1 treatment, suggesting a therapeutic strategy to improve responses to checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean P Arlauckas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Medical Oncology, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seth Garren
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cécile Piot
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Camilla Engblom
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Pfirschke
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie Siwicki
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Gungabeesoon
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Warren
- NanoString Technologies, 500 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - SuFey Ong
- NanoString Technologies, 500 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erica Browning
- Oncosec Inc, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Robert H Pierce
- Oncosec Inc, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mai H Le
- Oncosec Inc, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alain P Algazi
- University of California, San Francisco Medical Center-Mt. Zion, 1600 Divisadero St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- University of California, San Francisco Medical Center-Mt. Zion, 1600 Divisadero St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Sara I Pai
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Dong B, Wang L, Nie S, Li X, Xiao Y, Yang L, Meng X, Zhao P, Cui C, Tu L, Lu W, Sun W, Yu Y. Anti-glioma effect of intracranial vaccination with tumor cell lysate plus flagellin in mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:8148-8157. [PMID: 30449633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant effects of flagellin on regulation of immune response have been proved; whether flagellin could assist tumor cell lysate (TCL) to enhance anti-glioma immunity remains to be investigated. This study tests a hypothesis that therapeuticly intracranial administration with flagellin plus TCL enhances the effects of specific immunotherapy on glioma in mice. In this study, GL261 cells were transferred into C57BL/6 mice and the GL261-bearing mice were subcutaneously or intracranially inoculated with flagellin plus TCL, flagellin, TCL or saline. Our results showed that prophylacticly subcutaneous administration with TCL and flagellin could induce potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and prolong the survival of GL261-bearing mice significantly, but therapeuticly subcutaneous administration failed to. However, therapeuticly intracranial administration of TCL plus flagellin could prolong the survival. Moreover, intracranial administration of flagellin could recruit CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells to brain tissues, induce proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induce to splenomegaly. The results suggested that flagellin could be acted as an efficient adjuvant for TCL based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqi Dong
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuping Meng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiyun Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqun Tu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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16
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Huang T, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Fan K, Wang F, Li Y, Zhong J, Fan HY, Cao Q, Zhou J, Xiao Y, Hu H, Jin J. CRL4 DCAF2 negatively regulates IL-23 production in dendritic cells and limits the development of psoriasis. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1999-2017. [PMID: 30018073 PMCID: PMC6080916 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ligase CRL4DCAF2 is believed to be a pivotal regulator of the cell cycle and is required for mitotic and S phase progression. The NEDD8-targeting drug MLN4924, which inactivates cullin ring-finger ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), has been examined in clinical trials for various types of lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia. However, the essential role of CRL4DCAF2 in primary myeloid cells remains poorly understood. MLN4924 treatment, which mimics DCAF2 depletion, also promotes the severity of mouse psoriasis models, consistent with the effects of reduced DCAF2 expression in various autoimmune diseases. Using transcriptomic and immunological approaches, we showed that CRL4DCAF2 in dendritic cells (DCs) regulates the proteolytic fate of NIK and negatively regulates IL-23 production. CRL4DCAF2 promoted the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NIK independent of TRAF3 degradation. DCAF2 deficiency facilitated NIK accumulation and RelB nuclear translocation. DCAF2 DC-conditional knockout mice displayed increased sensitivity to autoimmune diseases. This study shows that CRL4DCAF2 is crucial for controlling NIK stability and highlights a unique mechanism that controls inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Gao
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqi Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhong
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Y Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Andreas N, Riemann M, Castro CN, Groth M, Koliesnik I, Engelmann C, Sparwasser T, Kamradt T, Haenold R, Weih F. A new RelB-dependent CD117 + CD172a + murine DC subset preferentially induces Th2 differentiation and supports airway hyperresponses in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:923-936. [PMID: 29485182 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor subunit RelB is important for the full activation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during T-cell-dependent immune responses. Although the number of splenic DCs is greatly reduced in RelBnull mice, the cause and consequences of this deficiency are currently unknown. To circumvent the impact of the pleiotropic defects in RelBnull mice we used a reporter model for RelB expression (RelBKatushka mice) and conditionally deleted RelB in DCs (RelBCD11c-Cre mice). Thereby, we can show here that RelB is essential for the differentiation of a CD117+ CD172a+ cDC subpopulation that highly expresses RelB. Surprisingly, these DCs depend on p50 for their development and are negatively regulated by a constitutive p52 activation in absence of p100. The absence of p52/p100 had no influence on the homeostasis of CD117+ CD172a+ cDCs. RelB-dependent CD117+ CD172a+ DCs strongly induce the production of the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, as well as GM-CSF from naïve Th cells. Consequently, mice lacking RelB in cDCs show an attenuated bronchial hyperresponsiveness with reduced eosinophil infiltration. Taken together, we have identified a new splenic RelB-dependent CD117+ CD172a+ cDC population that preferentially induces Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Andreas
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Riemann
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Carla N Castro
- Institute of Infection Immunology/TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) Core Facility, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Engelmann
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology/TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Haenold
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Weih
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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18
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Le Rossignol S, Ketheesan N, Haleagrahara N. Redox-sensitive transcription factors play a significant role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 37:129-143. [PMID: 28898138 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1363198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which is associated with significant morbidity. Redox sensitive transcription factors including NF-κB, HIF, AP-1, and Nrf2 are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of RA. The treatment of this disease is limited by the elusive nature of the pathogenesis of RA. NF-κB is crucial for the maturation of immune cells as well as production of TNFα and MMPs, which escalate RA. HIF is essential for activation of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and pannus formation in RA. AP-1 regulates cytokine and MMP production as well as synovial hyperplasia which are key processes in RA. Nrf2 is involved with chondrogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, prostaglandin secretion and ROS production in RA. Targeting two or more of these transcription factors may result in increased efficacy than either therapy in isolation. This review will highlight the control specific mediators on these transcription factors, the subsequent effect of these transcription factors once activated, and then mesh this with the pathogenesis of RA. The elucidation of key transcription factor regulation in the pathogenesis of RA may highlight the novel therapy interventions which may prove to have a greater efficacy than those therapies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Le Rossignol
- a College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University Townsville , Queensland , Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- b Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia.,c Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- b Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia.,c Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Townsville , Queensland , Australia
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19
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and biological functions. Recent studies have revealed important roles for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in regulating different aspects of immune functions. Defects in non-canonical NF-κB signalling are associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas dysregulated activation of this pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we review the signalling mechanisms and the biological function of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. We also discuss recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation, which may provide new opportunities for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Heath Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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20
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Yan LH, Chen ZN, Li L, Chen J, Mo XW, Qin YZ, Wei WE, Qin HQ, Lin Y, Chen JS. E2F-1 promotes DAPK2-induced anti-tumor immunity of gastric cancer cells by targeting miR-34a. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5446-7. [PMID: 27704360 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor E2F-1 gene is a negative event in dendritic cell (DC) maturation process. Down-regulation of E2F1 causes immaturity of DC thereby stopping antigen production which in turn leads to inhibition of immune responses. E2F-1-free stimulates the NF-kB signaling pathway, leading to activation of monocytes and several other transcription factor genes. In the study, we report that down-regulation of E2F-1 in DCs promote anti-tumor immune response in gastric cancer (GC) cells through a novel mechanism. DCs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. E2F-1 small interfering RNA (E2F-1-shRNA) induced down-regulation of E2F-1 mRNA and protein expression in DCs. Furthermore, we identified the E2F-1-shRNA targeted the CD80, CD83, CD86, and MHC II molecules, promoted their expression, and induced T lymphocytes proliferation activity and up-regulation of IFN-Ī³ production and GC cell killing effect, which significantly correlated with the cytotoxic T lymphocytes activated by E2F-1-shRNA DCs. The higher expression of miR-34a was found which was significantly correlated with the DC enhancing anti-tumor immunity against gastric cancer cell, and miR-34a potently targeted DAPK2 and Sp1, both of which were involved in the deactivation of E2F-1. Moreover, in E2F-1-DC-down-regulation in mice, GC transplantation tumors displayed down-regulation of Sp1, DAPK2, Caspase3, and Caspase7 and progressed to anti-tumor immunity. Collectively, our data uncover an E2F-1-mediated mechanism for the control of DC anti-tumor immunity via miR-34a-dependent down-regulation of E2F-1 expression and suggest its contribution to GC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China.
| | - Zhi-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The People Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Medical Image Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Xian-Wei Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Wen-E Wei
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Hai-Quan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Si Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, China
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Katakam AK, Brightbill H, Franci C, Kung C, Nunez V, Jones C, Peng I, Jeet S, Wu LC, Mellman I, Delamarre L, Austin CD. Dendritic cells require NIK for CD40-dependent cross-priming of CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14664-9. [PMID: 26561586 PMCID: PMC4664370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520627112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity and use a host of innate immune and inflammatory receptors to respond to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli. Although DC maturation via canonical NF-κB signaling is critical for many of these functions, the role of noncanonical NF-κB signaling via the serine/threonine kinase NIK (NF-κB-inducing kinase) remains unclear. Because NIK-deficient mice lack secondary lymphoid organs, we generated transgenic mice with targeted NIK deletion in CD11c(+) cells. Although these mice exhibited normal lymphoid organs, they were defective in cross-priming naive CD8(+) T cells following vaccination, even in the presence of anti-CD40 or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid to induce DC maturation. This impairment reflected two intrinsic defects observed in splenic CD8(+) DCs in vitro, namely antigen cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells and secretion of IL-12p40, a cytokine known to promote cross-priming in vivo. In contrast, antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells was not affected. These findings reveal that NIK, and thus probably the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, is critical to allow DCs to acquire the capacity to cross-present antigen and prime CD8 T cells after exposure to licensing stimuli, such as an agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or Toll-like receptor 3 ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Katakam
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Christian Franci
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Chung Kung
- Department of Mouse Genetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Victor Nunez
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Charles Jones
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ivan Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Lawren C Wu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ira Mellman
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;
| | - Lélia Delamarre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Cary D Austin
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;
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22
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Non-canonical NF-κB signalling and ETS1/2 cooperatively drive C250T mutant TERT promoter activation. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1327-38. [PMID: 26389665 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional reactivation of TERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, is necessary for cancer progression in about 90% of human cancers. The recent discovery of two prevalent somatic mutations-C250T and C228T-in the TERT promoter in various cancers has provided insight into a plausible mechanism of TERT reactivation. Although the two hotspot mutations create a similar binding motif for E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factors, we show that they are functionally distinct, in that the C250T unlike the C228T TERT promoter is driven by non-canonical NF-κB signalling. We demonstrate that binding of ETS to the mutant TERT promoter is insufficient in driving its transcription but this process requires non-canonical NF-κB signalling for stimulus responsiveness, sustained telomerase activity and hence cancer progression. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized role of non-canonical NF-κB signalling in tumorigenesis and elucidate a fundamental mechanism for TERT reactivation in cancers, which if targeted could have immense therapeutic implications.
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Wenzel UA, Fernandez-Santoscoy M, Tam MA, Tegtmeyer P, Wick MJ. Synergy between CD40 and MyD88 Does Not Influence Host Survival to Salmonella Infection. Front Immunol 2015; 6:460. [PMID: 26441965 PMCID: PMC4568434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using purified toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands plus agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies showed that TLRs and CD40 can act synergistically on dendritic cells (DCs) to optimize T cell activation and Th1 differentiation. However, a synergistic effect of TLRs and CD40 during bacterial infection is not known. Here, we show that mice lacking the TLR adaptor MyD88 alone, or lacking both MyD88 and CD40 [double knockout (DKO) mice], are compromised in survival to Salmonella infection but have intact recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes as well as unaltered abundance of DC subsets and DC activation in infected tissues. In contrast to infected wildtype and CD40(-/-) mice, both MyD88(-/-) mice and DKO mice lack detectable serum IFN-γ and have elevated IL-10. A synergistic effect of TLRs and CD40 was revealed in co-culture experiments where OT-II T cell proliferation was compromised when DKO DCs were pulsed with OVA protein and OVA323-339 peptide, but not with heat-killed Salmonella expressing OVA (HKSOVA), relative to MyD88(-/-) DCs. By contrast, MyD88(-/-) or DKO DCs pulsed with any of the antigens had a similar ability to induce IFN-γ that was lower than WT or CD40(-/-) DCs. DKO DCs pulsed with HKSOVA, but not with OVA or OVA323-339, had increased IL-10 relative to MyD88(-/-) DCs. Finally, HKSOVA-pulsed MyD88(-/-) and DKO DCs had similar and low induction of NFκB-dependent and -independent genes upon co-culture with OT-II cells. Overall, our data revealed that synergistic effects of CD40 and MyD88 do not influence host survival to Salmonella infection or serum levels of IFN-γ or IL-10. However, synergistic effects of MyD88 and CD40 may be apparent on some (IL-10 production) but not all (OT-II proliferation and IFN-γ production) DC functions and depend on the complexity of the antigen. Indeed, synergistic effects observed using purified ligands and well-defined antigens may not necessarily apply when complex antigens, such as live bacteria, challenge the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Alexander Wenzel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Maria Fernandez-Santoscoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | | | - Pia Tegtmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute for Experimental Infection Research , Hannover , Germany
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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24
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Mbongue JC, Nicholas DA, Torrez TW, Kim NS, Firek AF, Langridge WHR. The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Immune Suppression and Autoimmunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:703-29. [PMID: 26378585 PMCID: PMC4586474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate limiting catabolic enzyme in the degradation pathway of the essential amino acid tryptophan. By cleaving the aromatic indole ring of tryptophan, IDO initiates the production of a variety of tryptophan degradation products called "kynurenines" that are known to exert important immuno-regulatory functions. Because tryptophan must be supplied in the diet, regulation of tryptophan catabolism may exert profound effects by activating or inhibiting metabolism and immune responses. Important for survival, the regulation of IDO biosynthesis and its activity in cells of the immune system can critically alter their responses to immunological insults, such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we assess how IDO-mediated catabolism of tryptophan can modulate the immune system to arrest inflammation, suppress immunity to cancer and inhibit allergy, autoimmunity and the rejection of transplanted tissues. Finally, we examine how vaccines may enhance immune suppression of autoimmunity through the upregulation of IDO biosynthesis in human dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques C Mbongue
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Dequina A Nicholas
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | | | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju 54896, Korea.
| | - Anthony F Firek
- Endocrinology Section, JL Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
| | - William H R Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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25
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Yang XD, Sun SC. Targeting signaling factors for degradation, an emerging mechanism for TRAF functions. Immunol Rev 2015; 266:56-71. [PMID: 26085207 PMCID: PMC4473799 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) form a family of proteins that are best known as signaling adapters of TNFRs. However, emerging evidence suggests that TRAF proteins, particularly TRAF2 and TRAF3, also regulate signal transduction by controlling the fate of intracellular signaling factors. A well-recognized function of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in this aspect is to mediate ubiquitin-dependent degradation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK), an action required for the control of NIK-regulated non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. TRAF2 and TRAF3 form a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase cIAP (cIAP1 or cIAP2), in which TRAF3 serves as the NIK-binding adapter. Recent evidence suggests that the cIAP-TRAF2-TRAF3 E3 complex also targets additional signaling factors for ubiquitin-dependent degradation, thereby regulating important aspects of immune and inflammatory responses. This review provides both historical aspects and new insights into the signaling functions of this ubiquitination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Noort AR, Tak PP, Tas SW. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:15. [PMID: 25774937 PMCID: PMC4308835 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is essential for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but can also induce regulatory pathways. NF-κB can be activated via two distinct pathways: the classical or canonical pathway, and the alternative or non-canonical pathway. It is well established that the canonical NF-κB pathway is essential both in acute inflammatory responses and in chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although less extensively studied, the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is not only central in lymphoid organ development and adaptive immune responses, but is also thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Importantly, this pathway appears to have cell type-specific functions and, since many different cell types are involved in the pathogenesis of RA, it is difficult to predict the net overall contribution of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway to synovial inflammation. In this review, we describe the current understanding of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in various important cell types in the context of RA and consider the relevance to the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, we discuss current drugs targeting this pathway, as well as future therapeutic prospects.
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27
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Wang H, Pezeshki AM, Yu X, Guo C, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP170: From Immunobiology to Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2015; 4:377. [PMID: 25629003 PMCID: PMC4290550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 170 (GRP170) is the largest member of glucose-regulated protein family that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a component of the ER chaperone network, GRP170 assists in protein folding, assembly, and transportation of secretory or transmembrane proteins. The well documented cytoprotective activity of intracellular GRP170 due to its intrinsic chaperoning property has been shown to provide a survival benefit in cancer cells during tumor progression or metastasis. Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular GRP170 displays a superior capacity in delivering tumor antigens to specialized antigen-presenting cells for cross-presentation, resulting in generation of an anti-tumor immune response dependent on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This unique feature of GRP170 provides a molecular basis for using GRP170 as an immunostimulatory adjuvant to develop a recombinant vaccine for therapeutic immunization against cancers. This review summarizes the latest findings in understanding the biological effects of GRP170 on cell functions and tumor progression. The immunomodulating activities of GRP170 during interactions with the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system as well as its therapeutic applications in cancer immunotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Abdul Mohammad Pezeshki
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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28
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Maney NJ, Reynolds G, Krippner-Heidenreich A, Hilkens CM. Dendritic cell maturation and survival are differentially regulated by TNFR1 and TNFR2. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:4914-4923. [PMID: 25288570 PMCID: PMC4896387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of dendritic cells (DC) to regulate adaptive immunity is controlled by their maturation state and lifespan. Although TNF is a well-known maturation and survival factor for DC, the role of the two TNFR, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in mediating these effects is poorly understood. By using unique TNF variants that selectively signal through TNFR1 and/or TNFR2, we demonstrate differential functions of TNFR in human monocyte-derived and blood CD1c(+) DC. Activation of TNFR1, but not TNFR2, efficiently induced DC maturation, as defined by enhanced expression of cell surface maturation markers (CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR) as well as enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity. In contrast, both TNFR1 and TNFR2 significantly protected DC against cell death, indicating that innate signals can promote DC survival in the absence of DC maturation. We further show differential activation of NF-κB signaling pathways by the TNFR: TNFR1 activated both the p65 and p52 pathways, whereas TNFR2 triggered p52, but not p65, activation. Accordingly, the p65 NF-κB pathway only played a role in the prosurvival effect of TNFR1. However, cell death protection through both TNFR was mediated through the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL pathway. Taken together, our data show that TNFR1, but not TNFR2, signaling induces DC maturation, whereas DC survival can be mediated independently through both TNFR. These data indicate differential but partly overlapping responses through TNFR1 and TNFR2 in both inflammatory and conventional DC, and they demonstrate that DC maturation and DC survival can be regulated through independent signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/immunology
- NF-kappa B p52 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p52 Subunit/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/immunology
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- bcl-X Protein/immunology
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Maney
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anja Krippner-Heidenreich
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Catharien M.U. Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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A systems biology approach to the analysis of subset-specific responses to lipopolysaccharide in dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100613. [PMID: 24949855 PMCID: PMC4065045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for regulating CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity, controlling Th1, Th2, and Th17 commitment, generating inducible Tregs, and mediating tolerance. It is believed that distinct DC subsets have evolved to control these different immune outcomes. However, how DC subsets mount different responses to inflammatory and/or tolerogenic signals in order to accomplish their divergent functions remains unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides an excellent model for investigating responses in closely related splenic DC subsets, as all subsets express the LPS receptor TLR4 and respond to LPS in vitro. However, previous studies of the LPS-induced DC transcriptome have been performed only on mixed DC populations. Moreover, comparisons of the in vivo response of two closely related DC subsets to LPS stimulation have not been reported in the literature to date. We compared the transcriptomes of murine splenic CD8 and CD11b DC subsets after in vivo LPS stimulation, using RNA-Seq and systems biology approaches. We identified subset-specific gene signatures, which included multiple functional immune mediators unique to each subset. To explain the observed subset-specific differences, we used a network analysis approach. While both DC subsets used a conserved set of transcription factors and major signalling pathways, the subsets showed differential regulation of sets of genes that ‘fine-tune’ the network Hubs expressed in common. We propose a model in which signalling through common pathway components is ‘fine-tuned’ by transcriptional control of subset-specific modulators, thus allowing for distinct functional outcomes in closely related DC subsets. We extend this analysis to comparable datasets from the literature and confirm that our model can account for cell subset-specific responses to LPS stimulation in multiple subpopulations in mouse and man.
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30
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Antigen capture and archiving by lymphatic endothelial cells following vaccination or viral infection. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3989. [PMID: 24905362 PMCID: PMC4073648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen derived from viral infections with influenza and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) can persist after resolution of infection. Here we show that antigen can similarly persist for weeks following viral challenge and vaccination. Antigen is captured by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LECs), under conditions that induce LEC proliferation. Consistent with published data showing that viral antigen persistence impacts on the function of circulating memory T cells, we find that vaccine elicited antigen persistence, found on LECs, positively influences the degree of protective immunity elicited by circulating memory CD8+ T cells. The coupling of LEC proliferation and antigen capture identifies a mechanism by which the LECs store, or “archive”, antigens for extended periods of time after antigen challenge, thereby increasing IFNγ/IL-2 production and enhancing protection against infection. These findings therefore have the potential to impact future vaccination strategies and our understanding of the role for persisting antigen in both vaccine and infectious settings.
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31
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Hostager BS, Bishop GA. CD40-Mediated Activation of the NF-κB2 Pathway. Front Immunol 2013; 4:376. [PMID: 24298274 PMCID: PMC3828524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 is a critical stimulatory receptor on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. CD40-mediated activation of B cells is particularly important for normal humoral immune function. Engagement of CD40 by its ligand, CD154, on the surface of activated T cells initiates a variety of signals in B cells including the activation of MAP kinases and NF-κB. The transcriptional regulator NF-κB is in reality a family of factors that can promote B cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. Complex - and only partially understood - biochemical mechanisms allow CD40 to trigger two distinct NF-κB activation pathways resulting in the activation of canonical (NF-κB1) and non-canonical (NF-κB2) NF-κB. This brief review provides a summary of mechanisms responsible for activation of the latter, which appears to be particularly important for enhancing the viability of B cells at various stages in their life cycle and may also contribute to the development of B cell malignancies. CD40 is also expressed by various cell types in addition to B cells, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, as well as certain non-hematopoietic cells. Here too, while perhaps less extensively studied than in B cells, the CD40-mediated activation of NF-κB2 also appears to have important roles in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Hostager
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA ; The Graduate Program in Immunology, The University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
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32
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Rowe AM, Murray SE, Raué HP, Koguchi Y, Slifka MK, Parker DC. A cell-intrinsic requirement for NF-κB-inducing kinase in CD4 and CD8 T cell memory. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:3663-72. [PMID: 24006459 PMCID: PMC3815446 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase [(NIK), MAP3K14] is an essential kinase linking a subset of TNFR family members to the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. To assess the cell-intrinsic role of NIK in murine T cell function, we generated mixed bone marrow chimeras using bone marrow from NIK knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) donor mice and infected the chimeras with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The chimeras possess an apparently normal immune system, including a mixture of NIK KO and WT T cells, and the virus was cleared normally. Comparison of the NIK KO and WT CD4 and CD8 T cell responses at 8 d post infection revealed modest but significant differences in the acute response. In both CD4 and CD8 compartments, relatively fewer activated (CD44(hi)) NIK KO T cells were present, but within the CD44(hi) population, a comparable percentage of the activated cells produced IFN-γ in response to ex vivo stimulation with antigenic LCMV peptides, although IL-7R expression was reduced in the NIK KO CD8 T cells. Assessment of the LCMV-specific memory at 65 d post infection revealed many more LCMV-specific WT memory T cells than NIK KO memory T cells in both the CD4 and the CD8 compartments, although the small number of surviving NIK KO memory T cells responded to secondary challenge with virus. These results demonstrate a cell-intrinsic requirement for NIK in the generation and/or maintenance of memory T cells in response to acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 07239
| | - Susan E. Murray
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 07239
| | - Hans-Peter Raué
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 07239
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 07239
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - David C. Parker
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 07239
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33
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Cysticerci drive dendritic cells to promote in vitro and in vivo Tregs differentiation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:981468. [PMID: 23762101 PMCID: PMC3677007 DOI: 10.1155/2013/981468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune homeostasis. Treg induction is a strategy that parasites have evolved to modulate the host's inflammatory environment, facilitating their establishment and permanence. In human Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NC), the concurrence of increased peripheral and central Treg levels and their capacity to inhibit T cell activation and proliferation support their role in controlling neuroinflammation. This study is aimed at identifing possible mechanisms of Treg induction in human NC. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy human donors, cocultivated with autologous CD4+ naïve cells either in the presence or absence of cysticerci, promoted CD25highFoxp3+ Treg differentiation. An increased Treg induction was observed when cysticerci were present. Moreover, an augmentation of suppressive-related molecules (SLAMF1, B7-H1, and CD205) was found in parasite-induced DC differentiation. Increased Tregs and a higher in vivo DC expression of the regulatory molecules SLAMF1 and CD205 in NC patients were also found. SLAMF1 gene was downregulated in NC patients with extraparenchymal cysticerci, exhibiting higher inflammation levels than patients with parenchymal parasites. Our findings suggest that cysticerci may modulate DC to favor a suppressive environment, which may help parasite establishment, minimizing the excessive inflammation, which may lead to tissue damage.
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34
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Yu X, Guo C, Yi H, Qian J, Fisher PB, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. A multifunctional chimeric chaperone serves as a novel immune modulator inducing therapeutic antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2093-103. [PMID: 23333935 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Converting the immunosuppressive tumor environment into one that is favorable to the induction of antitumor immunity is indispensable for effective cancer immunotherapy. Here, we strategically incorporate a pathogen (i.e., flagellin)-derived, NF-κB-stimulating "danger" signal into the large stress protein or chaperone Grp170 (HYOU1/ORP150) that was previously shown to facilitate antigen crosspresentation. This engineered chimeric molecule (i.e., Flagrp170) is capable of transporting tumor antigens and concurrently inducing functional activation of dendritic cells (DC). Intratumoral administration of adenoviruses expressing Flagrp170 induces a superior antitumor response against B16 melanoma and its distant lung metastasis compared with unmodified Grp170 and flagellin. The enhanced tumor destruction is accompanied with significantly increased tumor infiltration by CD8(+) cells as well as elevation of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 levels in the tumor sites. In situ Ad.Flagrp170 therapy provokes systemic activation of CTLs that recognize several antigens naturally expressing in melanoma (e.g., gp100/PMEL and TRP2/DCT). The mechanistic studies using CD11c-DTR transgenic mice and Batf3-deficient mice reveal that CD8α(+) DCs are required for the improved T-cell crosspriming. Antibody neutralization assays show that IL-12 and IFN-γ are essential for the Flagrp170-elicited antitumor response, which also involves CD8(+) T cells and natural killer cells. The therapeutic efficacy of Flagrp170 and its immunostimulating activity are also confirmed in mouse prostate cancer and colon carcinoma. Together, targeting the tumor microenvironment with this chimeric chaperone is highly effective in mobilizing or restoring antitumor immunity, supporting the potential therapeutic use of this novel immunomodulator in the treatment of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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35
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Control of RelB during dendritic cell activation integrates canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:1162-70. [PMID: 23086447 PMCID: PMC3634611 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB protein RelB controls dendritic cell (DC) maturation and may be targeted therapeutically to manipulate T cell responses in disease. Here we report that RelB promoted DC activation not as the expected RelB-p52 effector of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, but as a RelB-p50 dimer regulated by canonical IκBs, IκBα and IκBε. IκB control of RelB minimized spontaneous maturation but enabled rapid pathogen-responsive maturation. Computational modeling of the NF-κB signaling module identified control points of this unexpected cell-type-specific regulation. Fibroblasts that were engineered accordingly showed DC-like RelB control. Canonical pathway control of RelB regulated pathogen-responsive gene expression programs. This work illustrates the potential utility of systems analyses in guiding the development of combination therapeutics for modulating DC-dependent T cell responses.
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36
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Murray SE, Polesso F, Rowe AM, Basak S, Koguchi Y, Toren KG, Hoffmann A, Parker DC. NF-κB–inducing kinase plays an essential T cell–intrinsic role in graft-versus-host disease and lethal autoimmunity in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4775-86. [PMID: 22045568 PMCID: PMC3223068 DOI: 10.1172/jci44943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential upstream kinase in noncanonical NF-κB signaling. NIK-dependent NF-κB activation downstream of several TNF receptor family members mediates lymphoid organ development and B cell homeostasis. Peripheral T cell populations are normal in the absence of NIK, but the role of NIK during in vivo T cell responses to antigen has been obscured by other developmental defects in NIK-deficient mice. Here, we have identified a T cell–intrinsic requirement for NIK in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), wherein NIK-deficient mouse T cells transferred into MHC class II mismatched recipients failed to cause GVHD. Although NIK was not necessary for antigen receptor signaling, it was absolutely required for costimulation through the TNF receptor family member OX40 (also known as CD134). When we conditionally overexpressed NIK in T cells, mice suffered rapid and fatal autoimmunity characterized by hyperactive effector T cells and poorly suppressive Foxp3(+) Tregs. Together, these data illuminate a critical T cell–intrinsic role for NIK during immune responses and suggest that its tight regulation is critical for avoiding autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Murray
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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37
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Razani B, Reichardt AD, Cheng G. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling activation and regulation: principles and perspectives. Immunol Rev 2011; 244:44-54. [PMID: 22017430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear-factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors are activated by a wide variety of stimuli in diverse cell types and control key aspects of immune function and development. Receptor-mediated activation of NF-κB appears to occur through two distinct signaling pathways termed as the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Although much work has demonstrated the physiological importance of non-canonical NF-κB signaling to immunity and its involvement in diverse pathologies, such as cancers and autoimmune disease, the architecture and regulation of the pathway is only beginning to be understood. The non-canonical pathway appears to be activated by a select set of receptors within the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, and we discuss the molecular mechanisms that connect ligation of these receptors to pathway activation. It has become increasingly clear that the key regulatory step of the pathway involves modulation of the post-translational degradation of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), the central activating kinase of non-canonical NF-κB signaling. How NIK post-translational stability is controlled before and after receptor ligation is an important aspect of understanding non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, how release of NF-κB dimers downstream of the pathway's activation is actually connected to its identified physiological and pathological roles is a key remaining question in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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38
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Rogers GL, Martino AT, Aslanidi GV, Jayandharan GR, Srivastava A, Herzog RW. Innate Immune Responses to AAV Vectors. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:194. [PMID: 21954398 PMCID: PMC3175613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene replacement therapy by in vivo delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is attractive as a potential treatment for a variety of genetic disorders. However, while AAV has been used successfully in many models, other experiments in clinical trials and in animal models have been hampered by undesired responses from the immune system. Recent studies of AAV immunology have focused on the elimination of transgene-expressing cells by the adaptive immune system, yet the innate immune system also has a critical role, both in the initial response to the vector and in prompting a deleterious adaptive immune response. Responses to AAV vectors are primarily mediated by the TLR9–MyD88 pathway, which induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-κB pathways and inducing type I IFN production; self-complementary AAV vectors enhance these inflammatory processes. Additionally, the alternative NF-κB pathway influences transgene expression in cells transduced by AAV. This review highlights these recent discoveries regarding innate immune responses to AAV and discusses strategies to ablate these potentially detrimental signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, FL, USA
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39
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Hofmann J, Mair F, Greter M, Schmidt-Supprian M, Becher B. NIK signaling in dendritic cells but not in T cells is required for the development of effector T cells and cell-mediated immune responses. J Exp Med 2011; 208:1917-29. [PMID: 21807870 PMCID: PMC3171087 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical NF-κB pathway is a driving force for virtually all aspects of inflammation. Conversely, the role of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and its central mediator NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) remains poorly defined. NIK has been proposed to be involved in the formation of T(H)17 cells, and its absence in T(H) cells renders them incapable of inducing autoimmune responses, suggesting a T cell-intrinsic role for NIK. Upon systematic analysis of NIK function in cell-mediated immunity, we found that NIK signaling is dispensable within CD4(+) T cells but played a pivotal role in dendritic cells (DCs). We discovered that NIK signaling is required in DCs to deliver co-stimulatory signals to CD4(+) T cells and that DC-restricted expression of NIK is sufficient to restore T(H)1 and T(H)17 responses as well as cell-mediated immunity in NIK(-/-) mice. When CD4(+) T cells developed in the absence of NIK-sufficient DCs, they were rendered anergic. Reintroduction of NIK into DCs allowed developing NIK(-/-) CD4(+) T cells to become functional effector populations and restored the development of autoimmune disease. Therefore, our data suggest that a population of thymic DCs requires NIK to shape the formation of most αβ CD4(+) T effector lineages during early development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Clonal Anergy/genetics
- Clonal Anergy/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Immunity, Cellular/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Hofmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Yu X, Yi H, Guo C, Zuo D, Wang Y, Kim HL, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. Pattern recognition scavenger receptor CD204 attenuates Toll-like receptor 4-induced NF-kappaB activation by directly inhibiting ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18795-806. [PMID: 21460221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.224345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The collaboration and cross-talk between different classes of innate pattern recognition receptors are crucial for a well coordinated inflammatory response and host defense. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of scavenger receptor A (SRA; also known as CD204) as a signaling regulator in the context of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. We show that SRA/CD204 deficiency leads to greater sensitivity to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. SRA/CD204 down-regulates inflammatory gene expression in dendritic cells by suppressing TLR4-induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. For the first time, we demonstrate that SRA/CD204 executes its regulatory functions by directly interacting with the TRAF-C domain of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), resulting in inhibition of TRAF6 dimerization and ubiquitination. The attenuation of NF-κB activity by SRA/CD204 is independent of its ligand-binding domain, indicating that the signaling-regulatory feature of SRA/CD204 can be uncoupled from its conventional endocytic functions. Collectively, we have identified the molecular linkage between SRA/CD204 and the TLR4 signaling pathways, and our results reveal a novel mechanism by which a non-TLR pattern recognition receptor restricts TLR4 activation and consequent inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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41
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Activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and its implications in immune response and gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:3743-8. [PMID: 21321191 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012753108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because our in silico analysis with a human transcription factor database demonstrated the presence of several binding sites for NF-κB, a central regulator of cellular immune and inflammatory responses, in the adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome, we investigated whether AAV uses NF-κB during its life cycle. We used small molecule modulators of NF-κB in HeLa cells transduced with recombinant AAV vectors. VP16, an NF-κB activator, augmented AAV vector-mediated transgene expression up to 25-fold. Of the two NF-κB inhibitors, Bay11, which blocks both the canonical and the alternative NF-κB pathways, totally ablated transgene expression, whereas pyrrolidone dithiocarbamate, which interferes with the classical NF-κB pathway, had no effect. Western blot analyses confirmed the abundance of the nuclear p52 protein component of the alternative NF-κB pathway in the presence of VP16, which was ablated by Bay11, suggesting that AAV transduction activates the alternative NF-κB pathway. In vivo, hepatic AAV gene transfer activated the canonical NF-κB pathway within 2 h, resulting in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (likely reflecting the sensing of viral particles by antigen-presenting cells), whereas the alternative pathway was activated by 9 h. Bay11 effectively blocked activation of both pathways without interfering with long-term transgene expression while eliminating proinflammatory cytokine expression. These studies suggest that transient immunosuppression with NF-κB inhibitors before transduction with AAV vectors should lead to a dampened immune response, which has significant implications in the optimal use of AAV vectors in human gene therapy.
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42
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Stano A, van der Vlies AJ, Martino MM, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA, Simeoni E. PPS nanoparticles as versatile delivery system to induce systemic and broad mucosal immunity after intranasal administration. Vaccine 2010; 29:804-12. [PMID: 21094269 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Degradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs, 50 nm) based on polypropylene sulfide (PPS) were conjugated to thiolated antigen and adjuvant proteins by reversible disulfide bonds and evaluated in mucosal vaccination. Ovalbumin was used as a model antigen, and antigen-conjugated NPs were administered intranasally in the mouse. We show penetration of nasal mucosae, transit via M cells, and uptake by antigen-presenting cells in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Ovalbumin-conjugated NPs induced cytotoxic T lymphocytic responses in lung and spleen tissues, as well as humoral response in mucosal airways. Co-conjugation of the TLR5 ligand flagellin further enhanced humoral responses in the airways as well as in the distant vaginal and rectal mucosal compartments and induced cellular immune responses with a Th1 bias, in contrast with free flagellin. The PPS NP platform thus appears interesting as a platform for intranasally-administered mucosal vaccination for inducing broad mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Stano
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Thu YM, Richmond A. NF-κB inducing kinase: a key regulator in the immune system and in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:213-26. [PMID: 20685151 PMCID: PMC2939163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a kinase that activates the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to control transcriptional expression of certain proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and NF-κB signaling molecules. Many advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the stability of NIK is regulated to affect downstream signaling. Genetic mouse models suggest that NIK plays an essential role in the regulation of the immune system as well as in the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence links NIK to the tumorigenesis of hematological cancers, such as multiple myeloma, and solid tumors, such as pancreatic carcinoma and melanoma. Understanding the mechanism by which NIK is de-regulated will potentially provide therapeutic options for certain diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Thu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 432 PRB, 23 Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 432 PRB, 23 Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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44
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Song H, Wittman V, Byers A, Tapia T, Zhou B, Warren W, Heaton P, Connolly K. In vitro stimulation of human influenza-specific CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells pulsed with an influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine. Vaccine 2010; 28:5524-32. [PMID: 20600506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine if a virus-like particle (VLP) influenza vaccine stimulated human CD8(+) T cells in a dendritic cell (DC): T cell co-culture system. VLP-pulsed DCs were co-cultured with autologous CD8(+) T cells from five donors. Functional CD8(+) T cells were detected via cell surface and intracellular cytokine staining. T cells from four of the five donors showed >or=2-fold increase over background in the % activated CD8(+) cells. These results indicate that the influenza VLP vaccine can stimulate CD8(+) T cells via DC antigen presentation, likely through the MHC-I pathway, thus broadening the immunological response induced by this promising influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Novavax, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
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45
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Droebner K, Klein B, Paxian S, Schmid R, Stitz L, Planz O. The Alternative NF-κB Signalling Pathway is a Prerequisite for an Appropriate Immune Response Against Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2010; 23:295-308. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2009.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Droebner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Immunology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Klein
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Immunology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Paxian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Lothar Stitz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Immunology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Planz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Immunology, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Meng G, Mosig A, Vingron M. A computational evaluation of over-representation of regulatory motifs in the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:267. [PMID: 20487530 PMCID: PMC3098066 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observed co-expression of a group of genes is frequently attributed to co-regulation by shared transcription factors. This assumption has led to the hypothesis that promoters of co-expressed genes should share common regulatory motifs, which forms the basis for numerous computational tools that search for these motifs. While frequently explored for yeast, the validity of the underlying hypothesis has not been assessed systematically in mammals. This demonstrates the need for a systematic and quantitative evaluation to what degree co-expressed genes share over-represented motifs for mammals. Results We identified 33 experiments for human and mouse in the ArrayExpress Database where transcription factors were manipulated and which exhibited a significant number of differentially expressed genes. We checked for over-representation of transcription factor binding sites in up- or down-regulated genes using the over-representation analysis tool oPOSSUM. In 25 out of 33 experiments, this procedure identified the binding matrices of the affected transcription factors. We also carried out de novo prediction of regulatory motifs shared by differentially expressed genes. Again, the detected motifs shared significant similarity with the matrices of the affected transcription factors. Conclusions Our results support the claim that functional regulatory motifs are over-represented in sets of differentially expressed genes and that they can be detected with computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Meng
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute and Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Fang F, Wang Y, Li R, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Jiang M, Sun J, Ma Y, Ren Z, Tian Z, Wei F, Yang D, Xiao W. Transcription factor E2F1 suppresses dendritic cell maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6084-91. [PMID: 20421650 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor E2F1 has been largely studied as a promoter of S-phase transition in the cell cycle and as a regulator of apoptosis. Recently, E2F1 has been shown to regulate a wide range of genes in response to inflammatory stimulation of macrophages and to contribute to T cell activation in response to pathogens, implicating an extensive immunological role for E2F1. Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles as professional APCs in the development of immune responses. However, it is unclear whether E2F1 has any effect on DC phenotype or function. In this paper, we report that E2F1 acts as a suppressor of DC maturation. The level of E2F1 expression was transiently downregulated in the course of LPS-induced maturation of both human monocyte-derived DCs and a mouse DC cell line, DC2.4. Knockdown of E2F1 by small interfering RNA in DC2.4 cells resulted in both phenotypic and functional maturation, even without LPS treatment. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of E2F1 suppressed LPS-induced maturation of DC2.4 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F1 caused the activation of several major signaling pathways known to be activated in the course of DC maturation, including Erk1/2, NF-kappaB, and PI3K/Akt, suggesting that E2F1 may be involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways in DCs. Finally, the alteration of phenotypic maturation by E2F1 was confirmed with bone marrow-derived DCs from E2F1 knockout mice. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time that E2F1 is a critical regulator of DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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48
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Hofmann J, Greter M, Du Pasquier L, Becher B. B-cells need a proper house, whereas T-cells are happy in a cave: the dependence of lymphocytes on secondary lymphoid tissues during evolution. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:144-53. [PMID: 20181529 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental tenet of immunology is that adaptive immune responses are initiated in secondary lymphoid tissues. This dogma has been challenged by several recent reports. We discuss how successful T cell-mediated immunity can be initiated outside of such dedicated structures, whereas they are required for adaptive humoral immunity. This resembles an ancient immune pathway in the oldest cold-blooded vertebrates, which lack lymph nodes and sophisticated B-cell responses including optimal affinity maturation. The T-cell, however, has retained the capacity to recognize antigen in a lymph node-free environment. Besides bone marrow and lung, the liver is one organ that can potentially serve as a surrogate lymphoid organ and could represent a remnant from the time before lymph nodes developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Hofmann
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Inst. Exp. Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Bates JT, Uematsu S, Akira S, Mizel SB. Direct stimulation of tlr5+/+ CD11c+ cells is necessary for the adjuvant activity of flagellin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7539-47. [PMID: 19494277 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flagellin is a highly effective adjuvant, but the cellular mechanism underlying this activity remains uncertain. More specifically, no consensus exists as to whether flagellin activates dendritic cells (DC) directly or indirectly. Intramuscular immunization with flagellin-OVA fusion protein resulted in enhanced in vivo T cell clustering in draining lymph nodes and IL-2 production by OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells. Immunization with flagellin-OVA also triggered greater levels of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation than immunization with flagellin and OVA as separate proteins. To determine whether flagellin, in the context of a fusion protein with OVA, was acting directly on DC, we used a combination of CD4(+) T cell adoptive transfers and bone marrow chimera mice in which the presence or absence of potential tlr5(+/+) CD11c(+) cells was controlled by injection of diphtheria toxin. The Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response in mice with CD11c(+) cells from a tlr5(-/-) background and mixed populations of all other hematopoietic cells was dramatically reduced in comparison to mice that had DC from tlr5(-/-) and wild-type backgrounds. Immunization of MyD88(-/-)tlr5(+/+) mice revealed that the enhanced response following immunization with flagellin-OVA is dependent on signaling via the TLR5-MyD88 pathway as well as enhanced Ag uptake and processing resulting from Ag targeting via TLR5. In summary, our data are consistent with the conclusion that direct stimulation of tlr5(+/+) CD11c(+) cells is necessary for the adjuvant activity of a flagellin fusion protein and that this adjuvant effect requires signaling through TLR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Bates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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50
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Ma DY, Clark EA. The role of CD40 and CD154/CD40L in dendritic cells. Semin Immunol 2009; 21:265-72. [PMID: 19524453 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the function of CD40-CD40L (CD154) interactions in the regulation of dendritic cell (DC)-T cell and DC-B cell crosstalk. In addition, we examine differences and similarities between the CD40 signaling pathway in DCs and other innate immune cell receptors, and how these pathways integrate DC functions. As research into DC vaccines and immunotherapies progresses, further understanding of CD40 and DC function will advance the applicability of DCs in immunotherapy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Y Ma
- Department of Immunology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Box 357650, Seattle, WA 98195-7650, USA
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