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Cain M, Ly H. Novel influenza viral vectored vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29513. [PMID: 38441290 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Cain
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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2
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Liang Y. Pathogenicity and virulence of influenza. Virulence 2023; 14:2223057. [PMID: 37339323 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2223057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses, including four major types (A, B, C, and D), can cause mild-to-severe and lethal diseases in humans and animals. Influenza viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic drift (mutation) and shift (reassortment of the segmented viral genome). New variants, strains, and subtypes have emerged frequently, causing epidemic, zoonotic, and pandemic infections, despite currently available vaccines and antiviral drugs. In recent years, avian influenza viruses, such as H5 and H7 subtypes, have caused hundreds to thousands of zoonotic infections in humans with high case fatality rates. The likelihood of these animal influenza viruses acquiring airborne transmission in humans through viral evolution poses great concern for the next pandemic. Severe influenza viral disease is caused by both direct viral cytopathic effects and exacerbated host immune response against high viral loads. Studies have identified various mutations in viral genes that increase viral replication and transmission, alter tissue tropism or species specificity, and evade antivirals or pre-existing immunity. Significant progress has also been made in identifying and characterizing the host components that mediate antiviral responses, pro-viral functions, or immunopathogenesis following influenza viral infections. This review summarizes the current knowledge on viral determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenicity, protective and immunopathogenic aspects of host innate and adaptive immune responses, and antiviral and pro-viral roles of host factors and cellular signalling pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral virulence factors and virus-host interactions is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures against influenza diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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3
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NGF and Its Role in Immunoendocrine Communication during Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031957. [PMID: 36768281 PMCID: PMC9916855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first neurotrophin described. This neurotrophin contributes to organogenesis by promoting sensory innervation and angiogenesis in the endocrine and immune systems. Neuronal and non-neuronal cells produce and secrete NGF, and several cell types throughout the body express the high-affinity neurotrophin receptor TrkA and the low-affinity receptor p75NTR. NGF is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the complete development of pancreatic islets. Plus, this factor is involved in regulating lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Immune cells produce and respond to NGF, modulating their inflammatory phenotype and the secretion of cytokines, contributing to insulin resistance and metabolic homeostasis. This neurotrophin regulates the synthesis of gonadal steroid hormones, which ultimately participate in the metabolic homeostasis of other tissues. Therefore, we propose that this neurotrophin's imbalance in concentrations and signaling during metabolic syndrome contribute to its pathophysiology. In the present work, we describe the multiple roles of NGF in immunoendocrine organs that are important in metabolic homeostasis and related to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome.
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Zhang N, Xu J, Jiang C, Lu S. Neuro-Immune Regulation in Inflammation and Airway Remodeling of Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894047. [PMID: 35784284 PMCID: PMC9245431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammation of the airways and causes airway remodeling eventually. For a long time, investigators have been focusing on the immunological mechanism of asthma. However, in recent years, the role of neuro-regulation in the occurrence of asthma has gradually attracted investigators’ attention. In this review, we firstly describe neuro-immune regulation in inflammation of allergic asthma from two aspects: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Secondly, we introduce neuro-immune regulation in airway remodeling of asthma. Finally, we prospect the role of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in the development of asthma. In general, the amount of researches is limited. Further researches on the neural regulation during the occurrence of asthma will help us clarify the mechanism of asthma more comprehensively and find more effective ways to prevent and control asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- National Regional Children’s Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Congshan Jiang, ; Shemin Lu,
| | - Shemin Lu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Regional Children’s Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Congshan Jiang, ; Shemin Lu,
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5
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Sakyi SA, Amoani B, Opoku S, Dzata L, Aniagyei W, Senu E, Dankwa K, Wilson MD. Assessing the role of eosinophil-mediated immune response markers in detecting hookworm infection: A case-control study in Kintampo, Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e674. [PMID: 35662977 PMCID: PMC9165202 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Human hookworm disease caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus is a serious public health problem. Hookworm infection activates eosinophil‐mediated tissue inflammatory responses, involving the production of the eosinophil‐specific chemokine (eotaxin), recruitment of eosinophils, secretion of the cationic protein, and production of antiparasite immunoglobulin E (IgE). We investigated eosinophil‐mediated immune response as markers (CCL11, eosinophil cationic protein [ECP], and IgE) for detecting hookworm infection. Methods This case‐control study was carried out in hookworm endemic areas within the Kintampo North Municipality.Forty hookworm‐positive subjects and 36 apparently healthy individuals were recruited as cases and controls, respectively. Stool samples were collected for hookworm detection by the Kato–Katz technique and speciation by polymerase chain reaction. Approximately, 5 ml of intravenous blood was used to obtain plasma for the immunological assays. Results Of eosinophil‐mediated immune response markers studied, ECP and CCL11 were significantly higher among hookworm patients compared to controls. Increasing CCL11 (β = −0.81, p = 0.015) was associated with a significant decrease hookworm intensity. However, increasing eosinophil count (β = 0.62, p = 0.027) was associated with significant increase in hookworm intensity. In receiver operator characteristics analysis, ECP could significantly detect hookworm infection with a very high area under the curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.97, p < 0.0001). At a cutoff of 39.05, ECP was the best eosinophil‐mediated immune response marker for detecting hookworm infection with a sensitivity of 97.2%, specificity of 87.8%, a positive predictive value of 89.7%, and a negative predictive value of 96.6%. Conclusion ECP best predicts eosinophil‐mediated immune response for detecting hookworm infection, while CCL11 and eosinophil count better predict the intensity of hookworm. Moreover, the ECP level is a good indicator of hookworm infection and intensity and may require additional investigations to augment current hookworm diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Lawrence Dzata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Kwabena Dankwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana
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Elmehy DA, Abdelhai DI, Elkholy RA, Elkelany MM, Tahoon DM, Elkholy RA, Soliman NA, Saad MAH, El-Ebiary AA, Gamea GA. Immunoprotective inference of experimental chronic Trichinella spiralis infection on house dust mites induced allergic airway remodeling. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105934. [PMID: 33895144 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways mediated by T-helper 2 (Th2), Th17 and their cytokines. Although most asthmatic patients suffer from allergic airway remodeling (AAR), aggressive anti-allergic treatment failed to reverse it. The hygiene hypothesis illuminated the counter relationship between allergy and helminthic infections. The immune system is modulated by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the impact of chronic T. spiralis infection on induced AAR in C57BL/6 mice sensitized by house dust mites (HDM) allergens. Forty mice were divided into 3 groups: I (10 healthy mice), IΙ (15 HDM sensitized mice), and ΙΙI (15 T. spiralis chronically infected mice and sensitized with HDM allergens). The assessment aimed to evaluate the effects of regulatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells (Tregs) and their cytokines comparative to hypersensitivity mediated cytokines. Chronic T. spiralis infection effectively prevented the host's AAR. This result was evidenced by upregulated Tregs in blood by flow cytometric analysis and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as improved lung histopathological changes. Also, serum HDM specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), BAL eosinophils, BAL IL-5 levels, and IL-17 gene expression in lung tissues were significantly reduced in T. spiralis chronically infected mice. In conclusion, the immune response in chronic T. spiralis infection could provide a promising mechanistic tool for protection against AAR, which paves the way for innovative preventive measures of other immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Elmehy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Dina I Abdelhai
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elkholy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maram M Elkelany
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina M Tahoon
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elkholy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hasby Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Gamea
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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7
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Jacobsen EA, Jackson DJ, Heffler E, Mathur SK, Bredenoord AJ, Pavord ID, Akuthota P, Roufosse F, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil Knockout Humans: Uncovering the Role of Eosinophils Through Eosinophil-Directed Biological Therapies. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:719-757. [PMID: 33646859 PMCID: PMC8317994 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The enigmatic eosinophil has emerged as an exciting component of the immune system, involved in a plethora of homeostatic and inflammatory responses. Substantial progress has been achieved through experimental systems manipulating eosinophils in vivo, initially in mice and more recently in humans. Researchers using eosinophil knockout mice have identified a contributory role for eosinophils in basal and inflammatory processes and protective immunity. Primarily fueled by the purported proinflammatory role of eosinophils in eosinophil-associated diseases, a series of anti-eosinophil therapeutics have emerged as a new class of drugs. These agents, which dramatically deplete eosinophils, provide a valuable opportunity to characterize the consequences of eosinophil knockout humans. Herein, we comparatively describe mouse and human eosinophil knockouts. We put forth the view that human eosinophils negatively contribute to a variety of diseases and, unlike mouse eosinophils, do not yet have an identified role in physiological health; thus, clarifying all roles of eosinophils remains an ongoing pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA;
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom;
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA;
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA;
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