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Peron G, Prasad Phuyal G, Hošek J, Adhikari R, Dall'Acqua S. Identification of hydroxyquinazoline alkaloids from Justicia adhatoda L. leaves, a traditional natural remedy with NF-κB and AP-1-mediated anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118345. [PMID: 38754645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Justicia adhatoda L. is used as traditional medicine in Nepal to treat cough, asthma, and inflammatory disorders, and is indicated as "Asuro". Leaves are used worldwide as herbal medicine due to cardiotonic, expectorant, anti-asthmatic, and bronchodilatory properties. The aim of this work was to study the phytochemical composition of leaves of Nepalese J. adhatoda and assess their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Secondary metabolites were extracted from dried leaves using methanol (JAME: J. adhatoda methanol extract). They were analysed by means of liquid chromatography coupled with multiple-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). Anti-inflammatory potential was determined by the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibition assay, and DPPH, ABTS, and β-carotene bleaching assays were performed to assess its antioxidant properties. RESULTS JAME is a rich source of secondary metabolites, especially quinazoline alkaloids such as vasicine, vasicinone, vasicoline, and adhatodine. 7-Hydroxy derivatives of peganidine, vasicolinone, and adhatodine were also identified by means of MSn data and are here reported in J. adhatoda for the first time. JAME inhibited NF-κB and AP-1 expression in THP-1 cells to a greater extent than the positive control prednisolone. A moderate radical-quenching property was observed in DPPH and ABTS assays, but the anti-carotene bleaching activity was significantly higher than the reference BHT. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first insight into the phytochemical composition of Asuro leaves from Nepal and their bioactivity. Our results will contribute to the valorisation of this medicinal species still widely used in the traditional and complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Ganga Prasad Phuyal
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Jan Hošek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, CZ-621 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého tř. 1946/1, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal; Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Dhanasekaran S, Pushparaj Selvadoss P, Sundar Manoharan S, Jeyabalan S, Devi Rajeswari V. Revealing anti-fungal potential of plant-derived bioactive therapeutics in targeting secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) of Candida albicans: a molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:710-724. [PMID: 37021476 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida species have established themselves as a major source of nosocomial infections. Increased expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP5) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Candida species. Phytotherapeutics continue to serve as a viable resource for discovering novel antifungal agents. Hence the main aim of the present investigation is to explore the possible inhibitory role of the selected bioactive molecules against the SAP5 enzyme of C. albicans using in silico approach. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were utilized to predict the binding affinity of the lead molecules using the AutoDock and Gromacs in-silico screening tools. Results of preliminary docking simulations show that the compounds hesperidin, vitexin, berberine, adhatodine, piperine, and chlorogenic acid exhibit significant interactions with the core catalytic residues of the target protein. The best binding ligands (hesperidin, vitexin, fluconazole) were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) and essential dynamics of the trajectories. Results of the MD simulation confirm that the ligand-protein complexes became more stable from 20 ns until 100 ns. The calculated residue-level contributions to the interaction energy along a steady simulation trajectory of all three hits (hesperidin (-132.720 kJ/mol), vitexin (-83.963 kJ/mol) and fluconazole (-98.864 kJ/mol)) ensure greater stability of the leads near the catalytic region. Essential dynamics of PCA and DCCM analysis signifies that the binding of hesperidin and vitexin created a more structurally stable environment in the protein target. The overall outcomes of this study clearly emphasize that the bioactive therapeutics found in medicinal herbs may have remarkable scope in managing Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikanth Jeyabalan
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arthi B, Chellathai D. Effects of vasicine in neuroinflammatory zebrafish model. Bioinformation 2023; 19:595-604. [PMID: 37886147 PMCID: PMC10599672 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation produces cytotoxic effects and aggravates neurodegeneration. Cognitive impairment was considered an early symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the in-vivo efficacy of vasicine for treating neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments in the zebrafish model. The Neurobehavioral activity was evaluated with a dive tank test, swim motion test, plus maze test, turn angle test, and color preference test in three neuroinflammatory zebrafish models. Gene expression analysis was done for neuroinflammatory markers (IL-10, IL-15, IL-13, NogoA, Fetuin-A, BDNF, NAA, CXCL2, Osteopontin) using polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis technique. Behavioral parameters and biochemical evaluations revealed that vasicine was effective in treatment against neuroinflammatory models of surgery, chemical, xenotransplantation. Attenuation of cognitive dysfunction in all three neuroinflammation zebrafish models by vasicine in this study may recommend vasicine as a potential molecule for treating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasundaram Arthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai-600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Darling Chellathai
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai-600116, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abraham DA, Udayakumar N, Rajendran L, Rajendran R, Rajanandh MG. Herbal medicine as a first-line choice of complementary medicine for South Indian parents/caregivers in the management of ASD children. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ghanta P, Doble M, Ramaiah B. Alkaloids of Adhatoda vasica Nees. as potential inhibitors of cyclooxygenases - an in-silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7245-7255. [PMID: 33715610 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1895887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoid pathways play a crucial role in the progression and resolution of inflammation. NSAIDs act as anti-inflammatory agents by inhibiting both the isoforms of cyclooxygenases (COXs) whereas, COXIBs act as specific COX-2 inhibitors. Excessive usage of the same is linked with gastrointestinal bleeding and increased cardiovascular risk, respectively. The current in-silico study was aimed at evaluating the potential of major alkaloids of A. vasica (vasicine (VAS), vasicinone (VAE), and Deoxyvasicine (DOV)) as inhibitors of COXs. The results of the computed binding energy (ΔG) indicate that Celecoxib (CEL), DOV, and VAS have a higher affinity to COX-2, while VAE has a higher affinity to COX-1, and Mefenamic acid (MEF) was not selective. Among the alkaloids, VAE exhibited the best ΔG (of -8.2 kcal/mol) with COX-1, while VAS exhibited the best ΔG (of -8.2 kcal/mol) with COX-2. This was comparable to the ΔG exhibited by Mefenamic acid (-8.7 kcal/mol with both the COXs). With their potential to remain gastroprotective while having the ability to inhibit enzymes of both the prostaglandin and leukotriene pathways, the alkaloids of A. vasica could be promising leads for the design of Eicosanoid pathway modulators/inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Ghanta
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bio-engineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Basavaraju Ramaiah
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi, India
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Basati G, Ghanadi P, Shakib P, Hamidi M, Amanolahi Baharvand P. Heartburn and effective herbal remedies: A systematic review study in Iranian ethnobotanical documents. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people worldwide get sick with gastrointestinal diseases such as heartburn. Certain herbs contribute to the alleviation of heartburn, nausea, and improvement of digestion. Moreover, these herbs do not have as many side effects as synthetic drugs. As a health problem and one of the challenging issues in medical sciences, heartburn is common in children and adults worldwide. Hence, in the present study, we tried to report medicinal plants used in cultures and traditions of different regions of Iran to treat heartburn in children and adults. In this review study, articles of Iranian ethnobotanical sources were searched with the keywords of ethnobotanics, heartburn, children, adult, medicinal plants, and Iran. Journal articles published from 2010 to 2019 in several Iranian and International databases, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ISC, Magiran, were searched to find relevant articles and information. Anethum graveolens L., Punica granatum L., Mentha pulegium, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen., Achillea millefolium, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa, etc., are the plants used in different parts of Iran to treat heartburn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Pardis Ghanadi
- Medical Student, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Majid Hamidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shaharekord, Iran
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Reddy VG, Malakar CC. Niacin as a Potent Organocatalyst towards the Synthesis of Quinazolines Using Nitriles as C-N Source. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol; 795004 Imphal Manipur India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol; 795004 Imphal Manipur India
| | - Velma Ganga Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC); School of Science; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 3001 Melbourne Australia
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol; 795004 Imphal Manipur India
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Gujjarappa R, Maity SK, Hazra CK, Vodnala N, Dhiman S, Kumar A, Beifuss U, Malakar CC. Divergent Synthesis of Quinazolines Using Organocatalytic Domino Strategies under Aerobic Conditions. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur; 795004 Langol, Imphal Manipur India
| | - Suvik K. Maity
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur; 795004 Langol, Imphal Manipur India
| | - Chinmoy K. Hazra
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); 34141 Daejeon 305 - 701 South Korea
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur; 795004 Langol, Imphal Manipur India
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani; Pilani Campus 333031 Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; BITS Pilani; Pilani Campus 333031 Pilani Rajasthan India
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Hohenheim; Garbenstr. 30 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Manipur; 795004 Langol, Imphal Manipur India
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The role of pyruvic acid as starting material in some organic reactions in the presence of SBA-Pr-SO3H nanocatalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Singh A, Kumar S, Bajpai V, Kumar B. Simultaneous determination of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica and their marketed herbal formulations using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27565948 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica leaf, known as 'Vasaka' and/or 'Vasa' in Ayurveda and 'Malabar nut' in English, is an official drug in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The medicinal properties of these plants are due to the presence of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids. An UHPLC-ESI/MS/MS method in both positive and negative electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode was developed and validated for the estimation of alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda species and their marketed herbal formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 -column using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and found to be accurate with overall recovery in the range 94.2-105.0% (RSD ≤ 1.71%), precise (RSD ≤ 3.44%) and linear (R2 ≥ 0.9992) over the concentration range of 0.5-1000 ng/mL. The total content of alkaloids and flavonoids were highest in the chloroform and aqueous fraction of A. vasica leaf, respectively. The results indicated that the developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and accurate for the estimation of multiple bioactive constituents in crude mixture, and therefore could make a contribution to the quality control of Adhatoda species and its derived herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awantika Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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Barth A, Hovhannisyan A, Jamalyan K, Narimanyan M. Antitussive effect of a fixed combination of Justicia adhatoda, Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection: A comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1195-1200. [PMID: 26598919 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kan Jang® oral solution (KJ) is a fixed combination of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. leaf, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root, and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms root. It is approved in Scandinavia as an herbal medicinal product for respiratory tract infection treatment. PURPOSE The present clinical trial aimed to compare the antitussive effect of KJ with placebo (PL) and bromhexine (BH) among patients of 18-65 years old with non-complicated upper respiratory infections (URI; i.e., common cold). STUDY DESIGN We performed a parallel-group, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in in 177 patients with acute URI over a 5 day period. METHODS We investigated the antitussive effects of a KJ (30 ml/day; 762 mg genuine extracts with standardized contents of 0.2 mg/ml vasicine, 0.8 mg/ml chicoric acid, and 0.03 mg/ml eleutherosides B and E), bromhexine hydrochloride (24 mg/30 ml/day) and PL on cough and blood markers. The primary outcome was cough relief, which was assessed as the change of cough frequency from baseline (cough index). Secondary outcomes were safety with regards to reported adverse events (AEs) and hematological data. RESULTS Both KJ and BH relieved cough more effectively than placebo. On the third and fourth days of treatment, we observed faster improvement in the group receiving KJ compared to in the groups receiving BH (100%) or PL (100%), indicating a slightly shorter recovery time in the KJ group. KJ showed a good tolerability and safety profile. CONCLUSION KJ exerted significant antitussive effects in URI. The present data further support the therapeutic use of KJ in upper respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Barth
- Partus Kvinnohälsa, Södra v. 2, 412 54, Göteborg
| | - Areg Hovhannisyan
- Anti-doping Service of Republican Centre of Sport Medicine, Acharyan Street, 2/6, Yerevan, Armenia .
| | - Kristina Jamalyan
- Yerevan State Medical University of Armenia, Koryun 2 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mikael Narimanyan
- Yerevan State Medical University of Armenia, Koryun 2 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
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Balbani APS. Cough: neurophysiology, methods of research, pharmacological therapy and phonoaudiology. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 16:259-68. [PMID: 25991944 PMCID: PMC4435438 DOI: 10.7162/s1809-97772012000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The cough is the more common respiratory symptom in children and adults. Objective: To present a revision on the neurophysiology and the methods for study of the consequence of the cough, as well as the pharmacotherapy and phonoaudiology therapy of the cough, based on the works published between 2005 and 2010 and indexed in the bases Medline, Lilacs and Library Cochrane under them to keywords “cough” or “anti-cough”. Synthesis of the data: The consequence of the cough involves activation of receiving multiples becomes vacant in the aerial ways and of neural projections of the nucleus of the solitary treatment for other structures of the central nervous system. Experimental techniques allow studying the consequence of the cough to the cellular and molecular level to develop new anti-cough agents. It does not have evidences of that anti-cough exempt of medical lapsing they have superior effectiveness to the one of placebo for the relief of the cough. The phonoaudiology therapy can benefit patients with refractory chronic cough to the pharmacological treatment, over all when paradoxical movement of the vocal folds coexists. Final Comments: The boarding to multidiscipline has basic paper in the etiological diagnosis and treatment of the cough. The otolaryngologist must inform the patients on the risks of the anti-cough of free sales in order to prevent adverse poisonings and effect, especially in children.
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Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in comparison with vasicine. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Varma A, Padh H, Shrivastava N. Ecogeographical phytochemistry of Adhatoda vasicanees in relation to quantitative variations of alkaloids. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Savarikar SS, Barbhind MM, Halde UK, Kulkarni AP. Pharmaceutical and analytical evaluation of triphalaguggulkalpa tablets. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011; 2:21-5. [PMID: 21731383 PMCID: PMC3121249 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.78187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study: Development of standardized, synergistic, safe and effective traditional herbal formulations with robust scientific evidence can offer faster and more economical alternatives for the treatment of disease. The main objective was to develop a method of preparation of guggulkalpa tablets so that the tablets meet the criteria of efficacy, stability, and safety. Materials and Methods: Triphalaguggulkalpa tablet, described in sharangdharsanhita and containing guggul and triphala powder, was used as a model drug. Preliminary experiments on marketed triphalaguggulkalpa tablets exhibited delayed in vitro disintegration that indicated probable delayed in vivo disintegration. The study involved preparation of triphalaguggulkalpa tablets by Ayurvedic text methods and by wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for loss on drying, volatile oil content, % solubility, and steroidal content. The tablets were evaluated for performance tests like weight variation, disintegration, and hardness. Results: It was observed that triphalaguggulkalpa tablets, prepared by direct compression method, complied with the hardness and disintegration tests, whereas tablets prepared by Ayurvedic text methods failed. Conclusion: Direct compression is the best method of preparing triphalaguggulkalpa tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram S Savarikar
- Department of Rasashastra, R. A. Potdar Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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