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Noferesti M, Darmiani S, Rastegar H. A 980 nm Diode Laser as an Adjunctive Therapy on the Healing of Apical Periodontitis Following Endodontic Retreatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e36. [PMID: 39193108 PMCID: PMC11348443 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Apical periodontitis is one of the common dental diseases. Microorganisms are the main reasons for these lesions; irrigations are used to remove them, but because of limited penetration, the rinsing agents may not always kill the microorganisms. Laser irradiation is effective in canal disinfection. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) and diode laser on the improvement of apical periodontitis following root canal retreatment (RCR). Methods: Twenty-four teeth of 19 patients with periapical lesions which needed RCR were divided into two groups (Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2+laser irradiation [LI]). In the first session, after gutta-percha removal, cleaning, and shaping, Ca(OH)2 was used for 10 days. In the second session, in the Ca(OH)2+LI group, the irradiation utilizing a diode laser (using non-initiated 200-µm fiber, continuous wave (CW), power output of 1W) was done. The periapical radiographic healing was assessed before the retreatment and after 3-month and 6-month follow-ups by periapical index (PAI) Qrstavik. The quantitative data were analyzed (P<0.05). Results: The initial periapical lesion score was 3.75 and 3.88 in the Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2+LI groups, respectively. In the Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2+LI groups, 3 months after the RCR, the average periapical lesion score was 2.94 and 3.05, respectively. In the Ca(OH)2 and CA(OH)2+LI groups, 6 months after the RCR, the average periapical lesion score was 1.80 and 1.75, respectively. No significant differences were found at the 3 and 6 months between the experimental groups. Conclusion: The diode laser can reduce the periapical lesion, but there was no significant difference between CA(OH)2+LI and Ca(OH)2 at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Darmiani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Homa Rastegar
- Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Patel S, Hundal H, Nishad G, Shetty N, Banjare V, Sethumadhavan J, Makkad RS, Tiwari A. Antimicrobial activity of laser assisted endodontic therapy in disinfecting root canals. Bioinformation 2024; 20:610-614. [PMID: 39131530 PMCID: PMC11312322 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Light Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is nowadays widely studied regarding their use in endodontics and restorative dentistry. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three types of LASERs namely CO2 LASER.Er, Cr:YSGG LASER and Diode LASER in disinfection of root canals. 70 patients (105 single rooted teeth) were included in the study. There was application of 2% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG LASER, 900 nm Diode LASER and CO2 LASER. Microbial samples were collected from root canals both before and after the interventions through paper points. These parameters were evaluated in microbiology laboratory to obtain Log10 Colony Forming Units (CFUs). There was significant reduction in CFUs of microorganisms inside root canal in all three LASERs evaluated and NaOCl. The reduction in CFUs in LASERs was comparable to NaOCl. Then secondly we applied each LASER in combination with NaOCl. It was observed that reduction in CFU was greater when combination of LASER with NaOCl was applied as compared when applied alone. It can be inferred that LASER when applied with NaOCl can have significant role in disinfection of root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Patel
- Private Practitioner, Monica Dental Clinic and Implant Centre, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Harpreet Hundal
- Private Practitioner, Monga Dental Clinic, Verka, Amritsar, Punjab, 145001, India
| | - Geeta Nishad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bodri-495220, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nityanand Shetty
- Department of Orthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Vinita Banjare
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jyotsna Sethumadhavan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Ramanpal Singh Makkad
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anushree Tiwari
- Clinical Quality and Value, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, USA
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Tehrani NA, Javadinejad S, Shirani AM. Comparison between three methods of diode laser 810 nm, photodynamic therapy with laser 660 nm, and hypochlorite solution for disinfection of pulp canal of primary teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38807661 PMCID: PMC11132214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of treatment-resistant microorganisms is known as the main cause of pulpectomy failure in the endodontic treatment of deciduous teeth. The usage of lasers can contribute to reducing these microorganisms. This study aimed to compare the effect of three disinfection methods for deciduous teeth canals using laser diode 810 nm, photodynamic therapy with laser 660 nm and methylene blue, and sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 58 single-root deciduous teeth with no root resorption were investigated in four groups, including one control group of 10 and three intervention groups of 16. Preparation of the samples was done using manual files up to three numbers after the initial file. After sterilizing the samples in an autoclave, Enterococcus faecalis bacteria were cultured in the canals. In the first group, irrigating with hypochlorite 2.5% was done; in the second group, photodynamic therapy was performed using a laser diode and 0.1 mg/mL methylene solution; and in the third group, high-intensity laser 810 nm direct radiation was done into the canal. Next, samples were taken from all canals. The colony formation unit (CFU) of the bacteria was counted in the blood agar culture medium. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and negative binomial regression test (α =0.05). Results The mean CFU differed significantly between the four groups. The rate of incidence of E. faecalis colonies showed a reduction in all three intervention groups compared to the negative control. In the high-intensity laser 810 nm group, there was 68.4%; in the photodynamic therapy with diode 660 nm and methylene blue, there was 88%; and in the hypochlorite group, 98.3% reduction was observed compared to the negative control group. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to compare three disinfection methods of the deciduous teeth canals without preparation of canals, sodium hypochlorite had greater efficiency. All three groups of laser, photodynamic therapy, and sodium hypochlorite showed reductions of E. faecalis bacterial colony compared to the control group. The reductive effects of CFU were greater in the hypochlorite sodium group, followed by photodynamic and direct laser radiation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Amini Tehrani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Javadinejad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Mansour Shirani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
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Fahim SZ, Ghali RM, Hashem AA, Farid MM. The efficacy of 2780 nm Er,Cr;YSGG and 940 nm Diode Laser in root canal disinfection: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:175. [PMID: 38403667 PMCID: PMC10894764 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effective disinfection of the root canals is the cornerstone of successful endodontic treatment. Diminishing the microbial load within the root canal system is crucial for healing in endodontically treated teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode lasers on the eradication of microorganisms from single-rooted teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty participants conforming to the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the disinfection protocol used; Conventional group: 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA solution NaOCl/EDTA, Dual laser group: 2780 nm Erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and 940 nm diode laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode, and Combined group: 17% EDTA and 940 nm diode laser EDTA/Diode. Bacterial samples were collected before and after intervention. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Friedman's test and Kruskal-Wallis test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The results of the study showed that both dual laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode and combined laser EDTA/Diode groups showed significantly less mean Log10 CFU/ml of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts than the conventional NaOCl/EDTA group. CONCLUSIONS In this study we evaluated in vivo the bactericidal efficacy of three disinfection protocols for endodontic treatment of single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis. The results indicated that both dual laser Er,CrYSGG/Diode and combined laser EDTA/Diode groups provide superior bactericidal effect compared to the conventional NaOCl/EDTA group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The integration of lasers into root canal disinfection protocols has demonstrated significant bacterial reduction which might promote healing and long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zakaria Fahim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Radiology, Future University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rami Maher Ghali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hashem
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Dentistry, Endodontic Department, Cairo, Egypt
- Cleveland Dental Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mary Medhat Farid
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Radiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mattern R, Ernst S, Böcher S, Braun A, Wenzler JS, Conrads G. CLSM-Guided Imaging for Quantifying Endodontic Disinfection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38247613 PMCID: PMC10812411 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Elimination of microbes in the root canal system is crucial for achieving long-term success in endodontic treatment. Further efforts in study design and standardization are needed in order to improve the validity and comparability of in vitro results on endodontic disinfection procedures, in turn improving clinical outcomes. This study optimizes two models at all steps: tooth selection, pretreatment, inoculation method (by growth or centrifugation), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)-guided imaging of LIVE/DEAD-stained specimens. Individual anatomical conditions lead to substantial differences in penetration depth. Sclerosis grading (SCG), a classification system introduced in this study, provides information about the sclerosis status of the dentine and is helpful for careful, specific, and comparable tooth selection in in vitro studies. Sonically activated EDTA for the pretreatment of roots, inoculation of Enterococcus faecalis in an overflow model, 3-4 weeks of incubation, as well as polishing of dentine slices before staining, led to advances in the visualization of bacterial penetration and irrigation depths. In contrast, NaOCl pretreatment negatively affected performance reproducibility and should be avoided in any pretreatment. Nonsclerotized teeth (SCG0) can be used for microbial semilunar-shaped inoculation by centrifugation as a "quick-and-dirty" model for initial orientation. In conclusion, CLSM-guided imaging for quantifying endodontic infection/disinfection is a very powerful method after the fine-tuning of materials and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mattern
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (J.-S.W.)
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Confocal Microscopy Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research IZKF, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Sarah Böcher
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Johannes-Simon Wenzler
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (J.-S.W.)
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Botu RK, Rachuri P, Martha S, Raparla M, Matilda S, Yemparla S. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Diode Laser, and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:459-463. [PMID: 37496951 PMCID: PMC10367290 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Different irrigation materials in pediatric endodontics. Aims To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX), diode laser, and saline in primary teeth root canals. Settings and design This manuscript is designed to know the effectiveness of the different root canal irrigants and laser irradiation technology in primary teeth root canals. Materials and methods A total of 60 primary teeth from 60 children were selected and divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I (CHX), group II (diode laser), and group III (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the root canals of primary teeth, and samples were collected using sterile paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were disinfected using CHX and saline or irradiated with a diode laser. The samples were collected again and sent for microbiological examination. Statistical analysis used Statistical analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. All analyzes were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results The colony-forming unit (CFU) of the predisinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean microbial counts of all the postdisinfected samples were reduced after disinfection. Intergroup comparisons showed significant results between groups I and III (CHX and saline) and groups II and III (diode laser and saline) (p < 0.01), whereas groups I and II (CHX and diode laser) showed nonsignificant results (p < 0.092). Conclusion Diode laser irradiation succeeded in reducing root canal infection when compared with 2% CHX. Diode laser irradiation can also be used for disinfecting the root canal in primary teeth. How to cite this article Botu RK, Rachuri P, Martha S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Diode Laser, and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):459-463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Botu
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Punithavathy Rachuri
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satyam Martha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mythraiye Raparla
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swathi Matilda
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seshaiah Yemparla
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Antibacterial efficiency of adjuvant photodynamic therapy and high-power diode laser in the treatment of young permanent teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis. A prospective clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103129. [PMID: 36156313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed at determining antibacterial efficiency of adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) and high-power diode laser (DL) in the treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis (CPP) in young permanent teeth. METHODS Forty-four young permanent teeth with CPP were randomly divided into three groups (PDT, DL and control). Each tooth underwent standard chemo-mechanical treatment, while within tested groups was additionally treated by PDT or DL. Bacterial identification and quantification were provided by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and plate counting assay, performed after accessing the canal, following chemo-mechanical preparation, and after PDT or DL procedure where applicable. RESULTS Thirty-nine young permanent teeth with CCP (patients age 9.77 ± 1.43) completed the study. Before the treatments, 202 isolates belonging to 13 genera/species, including Streptococcus (36), Actinomyces (34), Peptostreptococcus micros (27), Veillonella (25) and Enterococcus faecalis (22), were recovered. Chemo-mechanical treatment reduced CFU count in the all three groups (p < 0.001), but complete eradication was not observed for any of isolated species. Adjuvant PDT and DL completely eradicated isolates of 8 and 6 bacterial genera/species, resulting in complete bacterial elimination from 53.8% and 30.8% of root canals, respectively. In the rest canals, total Δlog CFUs were 4.71 and 4.58. CONCLUSION The results indicated that both PDT and DL could be performed as adjuvants to standard endodontic treatment of the young permanent teeth with CPP.
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Mathew T, BM S, GV P, Jose J. Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and 810 nm Diode Laser in the Disinfection of Root Canals Contaminated With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e28596. [PMID: 36185833 PMCID: PMC9521298 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of three different root canal irrigants, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and 810 nm diode laser and diode laser in combination with chlorhexidine in root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Fifty extracted mandibular first premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and cut at the apical end; biomechanical preparation was done, autoclaved and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were divided into five groups containing 10 teeth each: group I: saline (negative control), group II: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, group III: 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, group IV: diode laser, and group V: diode laser in combination with 2% chlorhexidine. Disinfection was carried out, after which dentinal shavings were collected from the specimens of each group. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested by counting the colony-forming units of viable Enterococcus faecalis on the agar plates. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc test were done to analyse the results. Results: Diode laser with chlorhexidine group showed minimum colony-forming units followed by the diode laser group. The post hoc test showed a statistically significant difference between saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine groups (P = 0.001) and a non-significant difference between diode laser and diode laser with chlorhexidine group (P = 0.997). Conclusions: Diode laser can be used as a root canal disinfectant alone or in combination with chlorhexidine.
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Influence of Laser Irradiation Settings, during Diode-Assisted Endodontics, on the Intraradicular Adhesion of Self-Etch and Self-Curing Luting Cement during Restoration-An Ex Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072531. [PMID: 35407862 PMCID: PMC8999595 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diode-assisted endodontics is nowadays utilized for pulp space disinfection, but little is known on the bonding potential of this lased root dentin when the tooth is restored with an intracanal polymer post. Objectives: to investigate the influence of diode laser irradiation settings, in laser-assisted endodontics, on the intraradicular bonding of composite materials. Methods: Sixteen two-rooted, maxillary first premolars were collected, prepared up to F4 (Protaper Universal. Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and randomly assigned in two groups: group A (chopped mode or short pulse), diode irradiated according to protocol, pulse 25 ms, power 2.5 W, and group B (microchopped mode or ultrashort pulse), pulse 25 μs, peak power 12 W (both groups GentleRay. KaVo Dental, Biberach an der Riss, Germany). Buccal canals were irradiated, palatal ones served as controls. Canals were then obturated, post space was created in all canals, and quartz-fiber posts (ICE light Danville. Danville Materials, San Ramon, CA, USA) were cemented by self-etch self-curing cement (Max Cem Elite. Kerr, West Collins Orange, CA, USA) (Max Cem Elite. Kerr, Brea, CA, USA). A week later, teeth were sectioned horizontally in 1 mm increments. Push-out test was conducted in a Zwick testing machine (Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany) at 1 mm/min speed, and the force required to dislodge the post from each specimen (F-max) was recorded. Weibull regression models were applied for statistical analyses. Results: Differences in F-max by group (control vs. chopped mode vs. microchopped mode) and height (meaning the apical-to-coronal position of each specimen along the root) were statistically significant (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusions: Short pulses (or chopped mode) had a profound positive effect on the quality of intraradicular bonding, while Ultrashort pulses (or microchopped mode) affected it negatively. In addition, apically positioned bonding proved weaker compared with more coronally located specimens.
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In Vivo Efficacy of Diode Laser as a Monotherapy in Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:59-70. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Olivi M, Raponi G, Palaia G, Berlutti F, Olivi G, Valentini E, Tenore G, Del Vecchio A, Romeo U. Disinfection of Root Canals with Laser-Activated Irrigation, Photoactivated Disinfection, and Combined Laser Techniques: An Ex Vivo Preliminary Study. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:62-69. [PMID: 33332214 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser-activated irrigation using photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS®) and photoactivated disinfection (PAD) techniques and their combination to improve penetration and activation of toluidine blue in the endodontic space of teeth experimentally infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven extracted single-root teeth were instrumented, sterilized, and infected with E. faecalis and divided into seven groups of three teeth each: Group A [sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 5% hand irrigation], Group B [NaClO 5% hand irrigation+ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)+NaClO 5% activated by PIPS], Group C (EDTA+NaClO 5% activated by PIPS), Group D (toluidine blue activated by PAD), Group E (toluidine blue activated by PIPS and PAD), Group F (NaClO 5% hand irrigation+toluidine blue activated by PAD), and Group G (NaClO 5% hand irrigation+toluidine blue activated by PIPS and PAD). Finally, positive and negative group controls were prepared. The presence of biofilms after the treatments was assessed by the BioTimer assay. PIPS was performed with an Er:YAG laser (2940 nm, LightWalker, Fotona® d.o.o., Slovenia) at 20 mJ, 15 Hz, 0.3 W, and 50-μs pulse duration. PAD was performed with a 635 nm diode laser (Smart M, Lasotronix®, Poland) at 400 mW in continuous wave (CW). Results: When NaClO was used, significant decontamination (p ≤ 0.05) was obtained in all experimental groups with respect to the positive control, other than Group G. Irrigation with EDTA+NaClO activated by PIPS produced a higher level of decontamination than Group A (p ≤ 0.05). Significant results in reducing biofilm load compared with the control and Group A were observed when NaClO was coupled with toluidine blue activated by PAD (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Disinfection of root canals can be obtained using a combination of different irrigants, photosensitizers, and activation protocols. EDTA+NaClO using the PIPS protocol and toluidine blue activated by PAD (both preceded by NaClO irrigation) can be considered effective tools. The possibility of replacing NaClO with toluidine blue, whatever the method of activation, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Olivi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giammarco Raponi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Palaia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Berlutti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Valentini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tenore
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Vecchio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Alhaidary D, Franzen R, Hilgers RD, Gutknecht N. First Investigation of Dual-Wavelength Lasers (2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm Diode) on Implants in a Simulating Peri-Implantitis Situation Regarding Temperature Changes in an In Vitro Pocket Model. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:508-514. [PMID: 31390316 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the temperature changes and question the safe laser settings and protocols for laser-assisted peri-implantitis treatment in an in vitro environment. Materials and methods: Three types of implants (Neoss, Dentegris, and Camlog) were implanted in an artificial bone model (n = 15). The model was placed into a 37°C water bath to simulate the in vivo oral condition. Throughout the laser irradiation, K-type thermocouples were used to record the real-time temperature measurements at different anatomically important locations in the artificial bone. Results: In all of the temperature measurements, no temperature rise above the critical safe limit, that is, >47°C, was observed. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the use of the dual-wavelength protocol [Er,Cr:YSGG (1 and 1.5 W, 25, 50, 75 Hz)] and the 940 nm diode (peak power 2 W, duty cycle 50%) can be considered a safe method in the treatment of peri-implantitis, regarding its thermal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Alhaidary
- 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Franzen
- 2Aachen Dental Laser Centre (AALZ), RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hilgers
- 3Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Walia V, Goswami M, Mishra S, Walia N, Sahay D. Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals - An In Vivo Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:268-274. [PMID: 31875118 PMCID: PMC6885898 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the primary goals of pulpectomy is to decrease the sum total of microorganisms and disinfect the tooth root canal system. To achieve this, mechanical preparation, irrigation, disinfection and obturation of the root canal is necessary. The present study was set out to evaluate the difference in the antibacterial efficacy of primary teeth root canals either irrigated with chlorhexidine, saline, and sodium hypochlorite or irradiated with a soft tissue diode laser (980 nm, Photon Plus, Zolar Tech & Mfg Co. Inc, Ontario, Canada). Methods: Sixty primary teeth of children requiring pulpectomy were divided into 4 groups of 15 each, group 1 (2% chlorhexidine), group 2 (1% sodium hypochlorite), group 3 (laser irradiation) and group 4 (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the canals and the samples were collected using sterile absorbent paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and saline or were irradiated with the laser. The samples were obtained again and sent for microbiological examination. Results: The colony-forming unit (CFU) counts from pre-disinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean bacterial colony counts of all the isolated bacteria reduced after irrigation or irradiation. Intergroup comparisons showed no significant difference when groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared to each other (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was seen when groups 1, 2, 3 were compared to group 4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and laser irradiation succeeded in reducing the root canal infection. Hence, diode laser irradiation may be a possible supplement to existing protocols for disinfecting the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Walia
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mousumi Goswami
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shivesh Mishra
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nidhi Walia
- Department of Prosthodontics, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research center, Greater Noida, India
| | - Divya Sahay
- Department of Microbiology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research center, Greater Noida, India
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Abraham S, Vaswani SD, Najan HB, Mehta DL, Kamble AB, Chaudhari SD. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of smear layer removal at the apical third of root canals using diode laser, endoActivator, and ultrasonics with chitosan: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:149-154. [PMID: 31142984 PMCID: PMC6519194 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_337_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diode laser, endoActivator, and passive ultrasonics for smear layer removal at the apical third from root canals with 0.2% chitosan. Materials and Methods A total of 40 mandibular premolars were decoronated to establish a working length of 12 mm and shaped with ProTaper rotary files up to size F3. In Group A, canals were irrigated with 1 ml of 0.2% chitosan. In Group B, canals were initially irrigated with 0.8 ml of 0.2% chitosan and the remaining 0.2 ml was activated with diode laser. In Group C, canals were irrigated with 1 ml of 0.2% chitosan which was activated with endoActivator. In Group D, canals were irrigated with 0.2% chitosan and activated with passive ultrasonics. All samples were finally flushed with 3 ml of distilled water. The percentage of smear layer removal was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope examination at ×1000 and ×3000. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results The mean value for Group B when compared to Group C for the removal of smear layer was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.068 and P < 0.295). Both Group B and Group C showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) when compared to Group A and Group D for the removal of smear layer. Conclusion Diode laser and endoActivator with 0.2% chitosan proved better in the removal of the smear layer when compared to passive ultrasonic irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Abraham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Dhruvkumar Vaswani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal Balasaheb Najan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Disha Lalit Mehta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aradhana Babu Kamble
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Salil Dinesh Chaudhari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
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Çayan T, Hasanoğlu Erbaşar GN, Akca G, Kahraman S. Comparative Evaluation of Diode Laser and Scalpel Surgery in the Treatment of Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia: A Split-Mouth Study. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:91-98. [PMID: 31050932 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of diode laser surgery and the scalpel surgery in the removal of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). Background data: Diode laser systems are proposed as an alternative to scalpel surgery on surgeries involving oral soft tissues. Some of the advantages of the laser systems are ease of application, adequate coagulation, reduced postoperative pain, and decreased scarring. In addition, there are increasing data on the antibacterial effects of the diode lasers in dentistry; however, the direct bactericidal role of the diode laser in oral soft tissue procedures has not yet been investigated. Materials and methods: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in this study. One side of IFH was randomly assigned for excision with scalpel blade or with diode laser. Perioperative bleeding, postoperative pain, wound healing, and bacterial counts were evaluated for both methods. Results: The bleeding on the side treated by diode laser was found significantly lower (p < 0.05). A notable reduction in total bacterial counts was observed in the laser group after the first postoperative day. However, this trend did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were recorded regarding subjective postoperative pain between the groups (p = 0.065). The healing of the postoperative wounds was significantly faster in the conventional group at each time point. Conclusions: Diode laser has offered some advantages over conventional method in the management of IFH. However, large-cohort comparative studies are required to provide additional data regarding the wound healing capacity of the diode laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timuçin Çayan
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güzin Neda Hasanoğlu Erbaşar
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Kahraman
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Morsy DA, Negm M, Diab A, Ahmed G. Postoperative pain and antibacterial effect of 980 nm diode laser versus conventional endodontic treatment in necrotic teeth with chronic periapical lesions: A randomized control trial. F1000Res 2018; 7:1795. [PMID: 31372210 PMCID: PMC6659763 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16794.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many challenges encounter the endodontist, especially when dealing with necrotic teeth with chronic periapical lesions. Postoperative pain may be induced following conventional endodontic therapy and total eradication of the bacteria is almost unachievable even with recently available techniques. In recent years, diode laser usage in the endodontic field has gained acceptance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ability of the diode laser (DL) to decrease postoperative pain and achieve root canal sterility. Methods: 56 patients with anterior teeth with chronic periapical lesions in upper anterior teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 28). All patients were treated with two visits of conventional root canal treatment with ProTaper Universal. The DL group: root canals were irradiated with 200 µm fiber optic at both visits; the control group (Endo): the DL fiber was placed in root canal with no activation. Bacterial samples were collected from all the cases at each step of the treatment. Pain levels were evaluated using a numerical rating scale preoperatively, and after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Bacterial count was used to detect both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial load. Results: The qualitative pain scores revealed statistically significant lower pain levels in the DL group compared with the Endo group at all time intervals (P<0.001), except preoperatively where there was no significant difference. There was a statistically significant lower bacterial count for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the DL group compared with the Endo group in both S3 samples (after laser application) and S4 samples (bacterial colonization) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The 980 nm diode laser may be a successful adjunct to conventional endodontic treatment of necrotic cases with chronic periapical lesions in terms of postoperative pain and root canal disinfection. Trail registration: PACTR201511001275414 (date: 23 rd September 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Morsy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Maged Negm
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Alaa Diab
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Geraldine Ahmed
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
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Ghorbanzadeh A, Fekrazad R, Bahador A, Ayar R, Tabatabai S, Asefi S. Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of various root canal disinfection methods against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. An ex-vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:44-51. [PMID: 30130574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete elimination of bacteria and their by-products from the root canal system is very difficult with current techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of different disinfection protocols against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms. METHODS Seventy-six extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected. Root canal preparation was done by proTaper rotary instruments. The smear layer was removed by 17% EDTA, followed by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. After sterilization using gamma irradiation, sterilized specimens were inoculated with an E. faecalis suspension, incubated for 4 days and 4 weeks and then randomly divided into two experimental groups (4 days, 4 weeks old biofilms). After the confirmation of biofilm formation with SEM, the specimens in the experimental groups were randomly divided into five experimental subgroups according to the method of disinfection applied, which included: Diode laser irradiation (810 nm, 2 W), Light activated disinfection (LAD) with Indocyanine Green, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% CHX), 0.2% CHX + LAD and 0.2% CHX + Diode groups. RESULTS Complete biofilm bacterial elimination was not observed in either of the experimental groups. CHX + LAD (0.2%) method exhibited the highest reduction value in biofilm and only Diode alone revealed the lowest in all the root canal portions. Disinfection protocols also showed significantly lower antibacterial efficacy against 4-week old than the 4-day old matured biofilms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION All the evaluated methods in this study were effective in the relative elimination of the E. faecalis biofilms except diode laser alone. Nevertheless, 0.2% CHX + LAD exhibited significantly higher efficacy in reducing both 4-day and 4-week old biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Ghorbanzadeh
- Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sohrab Asefi
- Orthodontic Department, International Campus, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tilakchand M, Singh NN, Yeli MM, Naik BD. "Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of EZLASE diode LASER on the infected root canal system:" An in vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:306-310. [PMID: 29899635 PMCID: PMC5977781 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of a diode LASER on the infected root canal system. Methodology A total of forty patients with infected root canals were selected. The root canals were prepared mechanically, and irrigation was done with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Microbiological samples were collected before LASER treatment with the help of the master apical file (MAF) to full working length for subsequent microbiological examination. The procedure was followed by laser treatment with an EZLASE diode LASER (940 nm), at different output powers. Following irradiation, samples were collected for microbiological examination. The samples were transferred to an agar plate and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The colonies formed were then counted, and the total number of bacteria per ml before and after LASER application was assessed. Colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) was counted for Enterococcus faecalis and other bacterial flora from pretreatment and posttreatment samples that were then analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The highest power of laser used (1.95 W) had resulted in maximum reduction of bacterial flora and E. faecalis counts. Conclusions Combination therapy consisting of irrigation using NaOCl and LASER irradiation, especially at high output power was an effective treatment option for a reduction in E. faecalis as well as other bacterial flora from the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Tilakchand
- Department Conservative and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisha Nitin Singh
- Department Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahantesh Mrityunjay Yeli
- Department Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaram D Naik
- Department Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Bahrololoomi Z, Poursina F, Birang R, Foroughi E, Yousefshahi H. The Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Entroccocus faecalis Bacterium in the Pulpectomy of Anterior Primary Teeth. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:166-171. [PMID: 29071021 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Successful root canal therapy depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms such as Entroccocus faecalis, which is impossible to achieve with the traditional methods. Lasers are recently introduced as a new method to solve the problem. The present study is planned and performed to examining the antibacterial effect of Er: YAG laser. Methods: Sixty extracted anterior primary teeth were prepared and sterilized. E. faecalis bacterium was cultured in canals. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was disinfected by NaOCl 5/25% and Er: YAG laser and the second group just by NaOCl 5/25%. Samples of canal contents were cultured and colony counts were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software and Mann Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference between colony counts in both groups (P=0.142). But the number of colonies in the first group was lower than in the second group. Conclusion: Although, Er: YAG laser cannot completely eliminate E. faecalis bacterium, its simultaneous use with NaOCl decreases E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Birang
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Foroughi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hazhir Yousefshahi
- Students Research Center, Dental Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Su D, Hu X, Wang D, Cui T, Yao R, Sun H. Semiconductor laser irradiation improves root canal sealing during routine root canal therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185512. [PMID: 28957407 PMCID: PMC5619785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of semiconductor laser irradiation on root canal sealing after routine root canal therapy (RCT). METHODS Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). The anatomic crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and the remaining roots were prepared endodontically with conventional RCT methods. Groups A and B were irradiated with semiconductor laser at 1W for 20 seconds; Groups C and D were ultrasonically rinsed for 60 seconds as positive control groups; Groups E and F without treatment of root canal prior to RCT as negative control groups. Root canal sealing of Groups A, C and E were evaluated by measurements of apical microleakage. The teeth from Groups B, D and F were sectioned, and the micro-structures were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One way ANOVA and LSD-t test were used for statistical analysis (α = .05). RESULTS The apical sealing of both the laser irradiated group and the ultrasonic irrigated group were significantly different from the control group (p<0.5). There was no significant difference between the laser irradiated group and the ultrasonic irrigated group (p>0.5). SEM observation showed that most of the dentinal tubules in the laser irradiation group melted, narrowed or closed, while most of the dentinal tubules in the ultrasonic irrigation group were filled with tooth paste. CONCLUSION The application of semiconductor laser prior to root canal obturation increases the apical sealing of the roots treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingxue Hu
- Division of General Practice and Materials Science, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, OH, United States of America
| | - Dashan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central laboratory, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Bahrololoomi Z, Fekrazad R, Zamaninejad S. Antibacterial Effect of Diode Laser in Pulpectomy of Primary Teeth. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:197-200. [PMID: 29071027 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Laser irradiation has been suggested as an adjunct to traditional methods of canal preparation but few studies are available on the antibacterial effect of diode laser in pulpectomy of primary teeth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of diode laser in pulpectomy of primary teeth, in addition to define the optimal and harmless diode lasing conditions in the root canal. Methods: A total of 125 single rooted primary teeth were selected. After traditional canal cleaning, they were divided in 2 groups. Sixty-five specimens after culturing of Enterococcus faecalis into the canals, were divided in 3 groups: (1) traditional canal cleaning with 0.5% NaOCl irrigation, (2) method of group 1+ 1.5 W diode laser (980 nm, pulse), (3) without treatment (5 specimens). Then the specimens were cultured and after colony counting under light microscope, were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. For 60 specimens, temperature rise of apical and cervical parts of the external root surface were measured using 2 thermocouple type K, when radiating a 1.5 W diode laser into the canal. Results: In the first experiment, the diode laser group showed tmost reduction in bacterial count. And in the second experiment, the mean temperature rise of external root surface was less than the threshold of periodontal ligament (PDL) damage. Conclusion: Diode laser with a power output of 1.5 W, is effective in reduction of E. faecalis bacterial count without damaging periodontal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Zamaninejad
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6321850. [PMID: 28567421 PMCID: PMC5439256 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6321850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the antibacterial effects of adjunctive disinfection using diode laser and gaseous ozone compared to the medical dressings calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and chlorhexidine gel (CHX-Gel) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in human root canals ex vivo. Root canals of 180 human extracted teeth were infected by E. faecalis and divided into 3 main groups (G): G1, control; G2, instrumentation and irrigation using 0.9% NaCl; G3, instrumentation and irrigation using 1% NaOCl. In each main group, the following treatments were applied: gaseous ozone, diode laser, and medical dressings of Ca(OH)2 or CHX-Gel for 7 days (n = 15). Reduction of colony forming units (CFUs) inside the root canal of planktons and frequencies of adherent bacteria after treatment were calculated. Bacterial reduction was significantly affected by the irrigation protocol (p < 0.0005) and the disinfection method (p < 0.0005), and a significant interaction between both factors could be observed (p < 0.0005; ANOVA). In G3 (instrumentation using 1% NaOCl), no significant effect of disinfection methods could be demonstrated on planktonic bacteria (p = 0.062; ANOVA) and frequencies of adherent bacteria (p > 0.05; chi-square test). Instrumentation and irrigation using NaOCl combined with ozone or laser application resulted in comparable bacterial reduction on E. faecalis to the application of medical dressings.
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Bacterial colonization in the apical part of extracted human teeth following root-end resection and filling: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:267-274. [PMID: 28349219 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate Enterococcus faecalis colonization at the apical part of root canals following root-end resection and filling using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The apical 3-mm root-ends of 55 extracted single rooted human teeth were resected, and 3-mm retrograde cavities were prepared and filled using either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), intermediate restorative material (IRM), or Biodentine (n = 10 each); 25 teeth served as controls. The roots were placed in an experimental model, sterilized, and coronally filled with E. faecalis bacterial suspension for 21 days. Then, the apical 3-mm segments were cut to get two slabs (coronal and apical). The slabs were stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and evaluated using CLSM. RESULTS The fluorescence-stained areas were larger in the bucco-lingual directions compared with the mesio-distal directions (p < 0.05). The mean and maximal depths of bacterial colonization into the dentinal tubules were 755 and 1643 μm, respectively, with no differences between the root-end filling materials (p > 0.05). However, more live bacteria were found in the MTA group in comparison to IRM and Biodentine groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CLSM can be used to histologically demonstrate bacterial root-end colonization following root-end filling. This colonization at the filling-dentine interfaces and deeper into the dentinal tubules may be inhomogeneous, favoring the bucco-lingual aspects of the root. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Following root-end resection and filling bacterial colonization may lead to inflammatory reactions at the periapical tissues; the viability of the colonized bacteria may be affected by the type of root-end filling material.
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Beer F, Farmakis ETR, Kopic J, Kurzmann C, Moritz A. Temperature Development on the External Root Surface During Laser-Assisted Endodontic Treatment Applying a Microchopped Mode of a 980 nm Diode Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:206-212. [PMID: 28092475 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to investigate the temperature increase of the external root surface during laser-assisted endodontic treatment using a diode laser (980 nm) in a microchopped mode. METHODS Ten freshly extracted, human maxillary incisors with mature apices were collected, prepared to size F4 at working length (ProTaper; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), mounted to a holder, and irradiated (using spiral movements in coronal direction) with a diode laser (GENTLEray 980 Classic Plus; KaVo, Biberach, Germany) with a 200 μm fiber in four different treatment groups: Group 1 (control group) was irradiated in six cycles of 5-sec irradiation/20-sec pause with 2.5 W in the pulse mode. Groups 2 to 4 were irradiated at six cycles of 5-sec irradiation/20-sec pause in the microchopped mode (Group 2-1.6 W; Group 3-2.0 W; Group 4-2.5 W). The applied mode was 25 ms on/25 ms off. Within the on period, the laser delivered an intermittent sequence of energy complexes and the maximum output was equal to the nominated output of the device (12 W). Canals were kept moist by sterile saline irrigation in between irradiations, and temperature changes were continuously measured using a thermal imaging camera. Recordings were analyzed by a mixed model (analysis of variance [ANOVA] for repeated measurements). RESULTS The highest mean of temperature rise, 1.94°C ± 1.07°C, was measured in Group 4, followed by Group 3 (1.74°C ± 1.22°C) and Group 2 (1.58°C ± 1.18°C). The lowest increase occurred in Group 1 (1.06°C ± 1.20°C). There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) between the groups. Significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 4 (p = 0.007) and 1 and 2 (p = 0.035). In addition, a marginally significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.052) was noted. There was no significant difference between Groups 2, 3, and 4. Despite the low mean values reported, the highest temperature increase (+5.7°C) was measured in one of the specimens of treatment Group 2 at the middle third. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions used and within the limitations of the study, the microchopped diode laser irradiation is a safe possible treatment option in laser-assisted endodontic treatment, concerning the temperature elevation on the external root surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josip Kopic
- 3 Unit-Division of Dental Student Training and Patient Care, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- 4 Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- 4 Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
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Cretella G, Lajolo C, Castagnola R, Somma F, Inchingolo M, Marigo L. The Effect of Diode Laser on Planktonic Enterococcus faecalis in Infected Root Canals in an Ex Vivo Model. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:190-194. [PMID: 28068207 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the bactericidal effect of diode laser irradiation against intracanal Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS AND MATERIALS m total of 128 extracted single-rooted and single-canal teeth were treated with ProTaper instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). A total of 120 root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days, and the samples were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (n = 24) samples were irrigated with only saline solution (positive controls); Group 2 (n = 24) was treated with only 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; Group 3 (n = 24) was irrigated with saline solutions activated by diode laser; Group 4 (n = 24) was treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite activated by diode laser; and Group 5 (n = 24) was irrigated with saline solution with methylene blue dye activated by the diode laser Fox (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy); additionally, eight teeth were not contaminated and their canals were irrigated with saline solution and used as a negative control. The Uro-Quick system was used to determine the microbial residual charge. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test (p < 0.001). RESULTS A statistically significant reduction in bacterial count was observed in Group 2 and Group 4 (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences among the other groups (p > 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Evidence indicates that the diode laser was not more effective than sodium hypochlorite in reducing free bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Cretella
- 1 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- 2 Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Castagnola
- 1 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Somma
- 1 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
| | - MariaTeresa Inchingolo
- 1 Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Marigo
- 3 Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy
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Jyotsna SV, Raju RVC, Patil JP, Singh TV, Bhutani N, Kamishetty S, Ghatole K. Effect of Diode Laser on Bacteria Beyond the Apex in Relation to the Size of the Apical Preparation - An In-Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC63-5. [PMID: 27437362 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17759.7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microorganisms causing periapical infection are usually difficult to eradicate after conventional endodontic treatment or even in retreatment resulting in poor outcomes. So the purpose of the study was to assess whether disinfection of root canal with laser had any effect on bacteria in the periapex region. AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a diode laser when activated in root canals with varying apical diameters, on the bacteria present beyond the apex of the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 30 intact single rooted teeth were taken and decoronated to standardize the root to a length of 12mm. They were divided into three groups depending on last file size used for instrumentation at apex i.e., size 30, 40 and 50 respectively. The samples were then mounted on test tubes such that roots of teeth were in contact with fresh broth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and left for incubation. Later a diode laser (Ezlase 940, Biolase) was used for disinfection of root canals of the samples. Following this the bacterial inoculums from each test tube were cultured and CFU were obtained from which the mean log values were obtained. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test to compare mean CFU in three groups. Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare inter-group differences. RESULTS There was statistically significant difference in mean log values of CFU in all the three study groups. Inter-group comparisons showed that, Group A had significantly lower mean CFUs than Group B and C respectively. CONCLUSION The study showed that intracanal irradiation with diode laser had an effect on the bacteria present beyond the apex, and it was influenced by the size of the apical preparation i.e., smaller apical size led to a greater reduction in the bacterial count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sistla Venkata Jyotsna
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Raja Vatsavai Chakradhar Raju
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Balaji Dental College , Moinabad, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Patil
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College , Bagalkot, India
| | - Thakur Veerandar Singh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Neha Bhutani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Shekar Kamishetty
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
| | - Kiran Ghatole
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, India
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Asnaashari M, Godiny M, Azari-Marhabi S, Tabatabaei FS, Barati M. Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of 810 nm Diode Laser and Photodynamic Therapy in Reducing the Microbial Flora of Root Canal in Endodontic Retreatment in Patients With Periradicular Lesions. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:99-104. [PMID: 27330705 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of diode laser 810nm and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in reducing bacterial microflora in endodontic retreatment of teeth with periradicular lesion. METHODS In this in vivo clinical trial, 20 patients who needed endodontic retreatment were selected. After conventional chemo mechanical preparation of root canals, microbiological samples were taken with sterile paper point (PP), held in thioglycollate broth, and then were transferred to the microbiological lab. In the first group, PDT with methylene blue (MB) and diode laser (810 nm, 0.2 W, 40 seconds) was performed and in the second group diode laser (810 nm, 1.2 W, 30 seconds) was irradiated. Then second samples were taken from all canals. RESULTS CFU/ml amounts showed statistically significant reduction in both groups (P < 0.001). CFU/ml amounts were compared between the two groups and there was no statistical difference. CONCLUSION PDT and diode laser 810 nm irradiation are effective methods for root canal disinfection. PDT is a suitable alternative for diode laser 810 nm irradiation, because of lower thermal risk on root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asnaashari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Godiny
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barati
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Seelan RG, Kumar AA, Emil Sam RJ, Maheswari SU. Antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal sealers by using real-time polymerase chain reaction: An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 18:474-8. [PMID: 26752843 PMCID: PMC4693322 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.168814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal sealers help to minimize leakage, provides antimicrobial activity to reduce the possibility of residual bacteria, and to resolve periapical lesion. Aim: To compare five different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis in an infected root canal model by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Settings and Design: Sixty human mandibular premolars were sectioned to standardize a uniform length of 14 mm. Fifty microliters of the inoculum containing E. faecalis were transferred into each microcentrifuge tube (n = 60). The samples were divided into six groups Tubli-Seal, Apexit Plus, Fillapex, AH Plus, RoekoSeal, and Positive control, respectively. Materials and Methods: Five groups after the incubation with the microorganism E. faecalis were coated with different root canal sealers and obturated using F3 ProTaper Gutta-percha point. The dentinal shavings were collected and analyzed for RT-PCR. Statistical Analysis: The mean difference between six groups was calculated using analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Results: The highest antibacterial activity was achieved with Tubli-Seal (1938.13 DNA in pictogram [pg]) and least by RoekoSeal (3034.54 DNA in pg). Conclusion: The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved AH Plus and Tubli-Seal. RT-PCR can be used as a valuable and accurate tool for testing antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gnana Seelan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arvind Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jonathan Emil Sam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Uma Maheswari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Asnaashari M, Ebad LT, Shojaeian S. Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of 810 and 980- nanometer Diode Lasers on Enterococcus Faecalis in the Root Canal System -An in vitro study. Laser Ther 2016; 25:209-214. [PMID: 27853346 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-or-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: Use of laser technology in endodontics has greatly increased in the recent years due to the introduction of new wavelengths and methods and optimal antimicrobial and smear layer removal properties of lasers. This in vitro study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of diode lasers of 810 nm and 980 nm wavelength on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm in the root canal system. Materials and methods: Fifty single-canal human anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped, sterilized and randomly divided into four groups namely two experimental, one positive and one negative control group. The experimental and positive control groups were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for two weeks. The experimental group one (n=20) received 810 nm diode laser irradiation (1.5W) while the experimental group two (n=20) was subjected to 980 nm diode laser irradiation (1.5W). The E. faecalis colony forming units (CFUs) were counted in each root canal before and after laser irradiation. Results: Laser irradiation significantly decreased the bacterial colony count in both experimental groups. The reduction in microbial count was significantly greater in 810 nm laser group compared to 980 nm laser group. Conclusion: Irradiation of both 810 and 980 nm lasers significantly decreased the E. faecalis count in the root canal system; 810 nm laser was more effective in decreasing the intracanal microbial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Shojaeian
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gutknecht N, Al-Karadaghi TS, Al-Maliky MA, Conrads G, Franzen R. The Bactericidal Effect of 2780 and 940 nm Laser Irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis in Bovine Root Dentin Slices of Different Thicknesses. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 34:11-6. [PMID: 26685038 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of the dual wavelength (2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm diode) laser in elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with a 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser alone. BACKGROUND DATA Various laser wavelengths have been introduced as an adjunct in root canal treatment because of laser's bactericidal effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy- five slices of dentin with thicknesses of 300, 500, and 1000 μm (n = 25 each) obtained from caries-free bovine teeth were inoculated with 1 μL of E. faecalis suspension [1.67 × 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)] and divided randomly into three groups: (A) samples indirectly irradiated with power settings of 1.06 W, 50 Hz, and 50 μs for Er,Cr:YSGG laser; (B) samples indirectly irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser with the same power settings as group A and simultaneously with a 940 nm diode laser of 0.51 W in pulsed mode; and five samples from each thickness that were chosen as an unirradiated control group (Co). After irradiation, the CFU of E. faecalis were counted and the bacterial reduction was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric and post-hoc Dunnett tests. RESULTS There were statistical differences between groups A and B compared with the control group over all the three dentin slice thicknesses (p < 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference between groups A and B in killing of E. faecalis on 500 μm dentin slices. There were significantly more viable bacteria in group A than in group B in 300 and 1000 μm dentin slices (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of this in vitro study showed that the dual wavelength laser system obtained a significantly higher bactericidal effect on E. faecalis than Er,Cr:YSGG laser, reaching a depth of 1000 μm of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Gutknecht
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen , Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamara Sardar Al-Karadaghi
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen , Aachen, Germany .,2 Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad , Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Abbood Al-Maliky
- 2 Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad , Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Georg Conrads
- 3 Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen , Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Franzen
- 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen , Aachen, Germany
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Al-Karadaghi TS, Gutknecht N, Jawad HA, Vanweersch L, Franzen R. Evaluation of Temperature Elevation During Root Canal Treatment with Dual Wavelength Laser: 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG and 940 nm Diode. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:460-6. [PMID: 26332917 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sardar Al-Karadaghi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Hussein A. Jawad
- Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriha Campus, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Leon Vanweersch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene Franzen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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32
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López-Jiménez L, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Viñas M, Vinuesa T. Atomic force microscopy visualization of injuries in Enterococcus faecalis surface caused by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e45-51. [PMID: 25475770 PMCID: PMC4320420 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To visualize by Atomic Force Microscopy the alterations induced on Enterococcus. faecalis surface after treatment with 2 types of laser: Erbium chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and Diode laser.
Material and Methods: Bacterial suspensions from overnight cultures of E. faecalis were irradiated during 30 seconds with the laser-lights at 1 W and 2 W of power, leaving one untreated sample as control. Surface alterations on treated E. faecalis were visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its surface roughness determined.
Results: AFM imaging showed that at high potency of laser both cell morphology and surface roughness resulted altered, and that several cell lysis signs were easily visualized. Surface roughness clearly increase after the treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG at 2W of power, while the other treatments gave similar values of surface roughness. The effect of lasers on bacterial surfaces visualized by AFM revealed drastic alterations.
Conclusions: AFM is a good tool to evaluate surface injuries after laser treatment; and could constitute a measure of antimicrobial effect that can complete data obtained by determination of microbial viability.
Key words:Atomic force microscopy, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, Enterococcus faecalis, surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Jiménez
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
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Bumb SS, Bhaskar DJ, Agali CR, Punia H, Gupta V, Singh V, Kadtane S, Chandra S. Assessment of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Disinfection of Deeper Dentinal Tubules in a Root Canal System: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC67-71. [PMID: 25584321 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/11047.5155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The success of endodontic treatment therapy depends on how well we eliminate pathogenic microflora from the root canal system as micro organism as the major cause of root canal infection. Conventional root canal treatment can fail if microorganisms cannot be removed sufficiently by thorough cleaning, shaping of root canal. Newer modalities such as photodynamic therapy are being tried now a days for disinfection of root canals. Aim & Objectives: The basic aim of this study was assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in deeper dentinal tubules for effective disinfection of root canals using microbiological and scanning electron microscopic examination in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College & Research Centre. The teeth required for study was collected from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Only freshly extracted 20 intact, non carious single rooted teeth which were indicated for orthodontic treatment were taken for this study. Statistical analysis was done using Student's Unpaired t-test were at (p<0.001) was found to be highly significant. Microbiological examination of samples were done and colony forming units were counted to assess the disinfection potential of photodynamic therapy. Scanning electron microscopic examination of samples was done to check penetration of bacteria's into deeper dentinal tubules. RESULTS On examination, there was a marked reduction in microbial growth after use of photodynamic therapy. On scanning electron microscopic examination, it was observed that there were less number of bacteria's in deeper dentinal tubules in case of PDT group as compared to control group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that PDT can be effectively used during antimicrobial procedures along with conventional disinfection procedure for sterilization of root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Sunil Bumb
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dara John Bhaskar
- Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandan R Agali
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Punia
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Senior Lecturer, Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College & Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Safalya Kadtane
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Chandra
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mathew J, Emil J, Paulaian B, John B, Raja J, Mathew J. Viability and antibacterial efficacy of four root canal disinfection techniques evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:444-8. [PMID: 25298645 PMCID: PMC4174704 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.139833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several disinfection techniques have been recently introduced with the main objective of improving root canal disinfection in the inaccessible areas of the root canal system. This in vitro study was done to evaluate the antimicrobial effect and viability of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms using conventional irrigation, EndoActivator (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, USA), diode laser irradiation and photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS). Materials and Methods: Root canals of 130 single rooted mandibular premolars, standardized to a uniform length of 20 mm were instrumented until finishing file, F1 (Universal Protaper Rotary System, Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, USA). After smear layer removal and sterilization, five teeth were randomly selected to assure sterility before bacterial inoculation. The remaining 125 samples were contaminated with E. faecalis suspension, incubated for 21 days and divided into five groups (n = 25). In Group 1; untreated group (positive control), the root canals were not subjected to any disinfection procedure. Sampling was performed within the canals and the colony-forming unit count was evaluated for 20 samples. Five samples were selected to visualize the pattern of colonization at Level 1 (4 mm from the apex) and Level 2 (1 mm from the apex) by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples in Groups 2-5 namely conventional needle irrigation, EndoActivator, diode laser and PIPS were subjected to their respective disinfection procedures. Postdisinfection sample evaluation criteria was followed for all groups as same as that for Group 1. Results: Diode laser displayed the highest antibacterial efficacy and least viable bacteria than the other three disinfection techniques. Conclusion: Diode laser group showed better antibacterial efficacy and least viable bacteria when compared to conventional needle irrigation, PIPS and EndoActivator groups in minimally instrumented, experimentally infected root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jonathan Emil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Benin Paulaian
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bejoy John
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jacob Raja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jean Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hoshing UA, Patil S, Medha A, Bandekar SD. Comparison of shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel surface with laser etching versus acid etching: An in vitro evaluation. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:320-4. [PMID: 25125842 PMCID: PMC4127688 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.136438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study is in vitro evaluation of the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel which is pretreated using acid etchant and Er,Cr:Ysgg. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted human teeth were divided in two groups of 20 each (Groups A and B). In Group A, prepared surface of enamel was etched using 37% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond, 3M). In Group B, enamel was surface treated by a an Er, Cr: YSGG laser system (Waterlase MD, Biolase Technology Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA) operating at a wavelength of 2,780 nm and having a pulse duration of 140-200 microsecond with a repetition rate of 20 Hz and 40 Hz. Bonding agent ((Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M) was applied over the test areas on 20 samples of Groups A and B each, and light cured. Composite resin (Ceram X duo Nanoceramic restorative, Densply) was applied onto the test areas as a 3 × 3 mm diameter bid, and light cured. The samples were tested for shear bond strength. Results: Mean shear bond strength for acid-etched enamel (26.41 ± 0.66MPa, range 25.155 to 27.150 MPa) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than for laser-etched enamel (16.23 ± 0.71MPa, range 15.233 to 17.334 MPa). Conclusions: For enamel surface, mean shear bond strength of bonded composite obtained after laser etching were significantly lower than those obtained after acid etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra A Hoshing
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Kavalapur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suvarna Patil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Kavalapur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Medha
- Department of School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Malakapur, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh Dattatray Bandekar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Kavalapur, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
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Romeo U, Palaia G, Nardo A, Tenore G, Telesca V, Kornblit R, Del Vecchio A, Frioni A, Valenti P, Berlutti F. Effectiveness of KTP laser versus 980 nm diode laser to killEnterococcus faecalisin biofilms developed in experimentally infected root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2014; 41:17-23. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Gaspare Palaia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Alessia Nardo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Gianluca Tenore
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Vito Telesca
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Roly Kornblit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Frioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- CNIS: Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Berlutti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
- CNIS: Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Muhammad OH, Chevalier M, Rocca JP, Brulat-Bouchard N, Medioni E. Photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic irrigation: interaction with endodontic microbial biofilm, an ex vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:171-81. [PMID: 24583092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy was introduced as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement during endodontic treatment to overcome the persistence of biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to disrupt an experimental microbial biofilm inside the root canal in a clinically applicable working time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted teeth were prepared and then divided in three groups. All samples were infected with an artificially formed biofilm made of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia bacteria. First group was treated with Aseptim Plus® photo-activated (LED) disinfection system, second group by a 650 nm Diode Laser and Toluidine blue as photosensitizer, and the third group, as control group, by ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using EDTA 17% and NaOCl 2.6% solutions. The working time for all three groups was fixed at 3 min. Presence or absence of biofilm was assessed by aerobic and anaerobic cultures. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between results obtained from groups treated by Aseptim Plus® and Diode Laser (P<0.6267). In cultures of both groups there was a maximal bacterial growth. The group that was treated by ultrasonic irrigation and NaOCl and EDTA solutions had the best results (P<0.0001): there was a statistically significant reduction of bacterial load and destruction of microbial biofilm. CONCLUSION Under the condition of this study, Photodynamic therapy could not disrupt endodontic artificial microbial biofilm and could not inhibit bacterial growth in a clinically favorable working time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid H Muhammad
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - Marlene Chevalier
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Brulat-Bouchard
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Etienne Medioni
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France.
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Kuhn K, Rudolph H, Luthardt RG, Stock K, Diebolder R, Hibst R. Er:YAG Laser Activation of Sodium Hypochlorite for Root Canal Soft Tissue Dissolution. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:339-44. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kuhn
- Center of Dentistry; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Heike Rudolph
- Center of Dentistry; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ralph G. Luthardt
- Center of Dentistry; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Karl Stock
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin- und Messtechnik; Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Rolf Diebolder
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin- und Messtechnik; Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Raimund Hibst
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin- und Messtechnik; Ulm University; 89081 Ulm Germany
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