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Kato-Noguchi H. Isolation and identification of allelochemicals and their activities and functions. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2024; 49:1-14. [PMID: 38450087 PMCID: PMC10912975 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is the interaction between donor plants and receiver plants through allelochemicals. According to a great number of publications, allelopathy may be involved in several ecological aspects such as the formation of monospecific stands and sparse understory vegetation for certain plant species. Allelopathy also contributes to the naturalization of invasive plant species in introduced ranges. Autotoxicity is a particular type of allelopathy involving certain compounds. Many medicinal plants have been reported to show relatively high allelopathic activity. We selected plant species that show high allelopathic activity and isolated allelochemicals through the bioassay-guided purification process. More than 100 allelochemicals, including novel compounds have been identified in some medicinal and invasive plants, plants forming monospecific stands, plants with sparse understory vegetation, and plants showing autotoxicity. The allelopathic activity of benzoxazinones and related compounds was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University
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Mohmad Saberi SE, Chua LS. Potential of rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon aristatus extract for inflammatory induced diseases and its mechanisms of action. Life Sci 2023; 333:122170. [PMID: 37827234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for various illnesses in Southeast Asia and Europe. The most dominant bioactive compound of the herb is rosmarinic acid (RosA) which has been demonstrated for its remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. This review describes the recent progress of studies on multi-target molecular pathways of RosA in relation to targeted inflammatory-associated diseases. An inclusive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Medline, Wiley and Science Direct for studies reporting on the anti-inflammatory actions of RosA from 2008 until 2023. The keywords of the search were RosA and anti-inflammatory in relation to hepatoprotective, chondroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and toxicity. Only publications that are written in English are included in this review. The inhibition and deactivation of pro-inflammatory biomolecules by RosA were explained based on the initial inflammation stimuli and their location in the body. The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway is the key mechanism for hepatoprotection. Besides NF-κB inhibition, RosA activates PPARγ to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury for cardioprotection. The regulation of MAPK and T-cell activation is important for chondroprotection, whereas the anti-oxidant property of RosA is the main contributor of neuroprotection. Even though less studies on the anti-inflammation of RosA extracts from O. aristatus, but the effective pharmacological properties of RosA has promoted it as a natural potent lead for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salfarina Ezrina Mohmad Saberi
- Herbal and Phytochemical Unit, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Herbal and Phytochemical Unit, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Ahda M, Jaswir I, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Mahfudh N, Ardini YD, Syed Mohamad SNA, Anwar M, Hernawan H, Miyashita K, Salamatullah AM. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and toxicity evaluation of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17012. [PMID: 37813908 PMCID: PMC10562478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocimum aristatum, commonly known as O. stamineus, has been widely studied for its potential as an herbal medicine candidate. This research aims to compare the efficacy of water and 100% ethanolic extracts of O. stamineus as α-glucosidase inhibitors and antioxidants, as well as toxicity against zebrafish embryos. Based on the study findings, water extract of O. stamineus leaves exhibited superior inhibition activity against α-glucosidase, ABTS, and DPPH, with IC50 values of approximately 43.623 ± 0.039 µg/mL, 27.556 ± 0.125 µg/mL, and 95.047 ± 1.587 µg/mL, respectively. The major active compounds identified in the extract include fatty acid groups and their derivates such as linoleic acid, α-eleostearic acid, stearic acid, oleanolic acid, and corchorifatty acid F. Phenolic groups such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, norfenefrine, caftaric acid, and 2-hydroxyphenylalanine and flavonoids and their derivates including 5,7-Dihydroxychromone, 5,7-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, eupatorin, and others were also identified in the extract. Carboxylic acid groups and triterpenoids such as azelaic acid and asiatic acid were also present. This study found that the water extract of O. stamineus is non-toxic to zebrafish embryos and does not affect the development of zebrafish larvae at concentrations lower than 500 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of the water extract of O. stamineus as a valuable herbal medicine candidate, particularly for its potent α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant properties, and affirm its safety in zebrafish embryos at tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustofa Ahda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Irwandi Jaswir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurkhasanah Mahfudh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yunita Dewi Ardini
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muslih Anwar
- Research Center for Food Technology and Process, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Hernawan Hernawan
- Research Center for Food Technology and Process, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Zhao W, Zhang X, Wang Z, Han C, Xu J, Yang G, Peng J, Li Z. An integrative analysis to predict the active compounds and explore polypharmacological mechanisms of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107160. [PMID: 37321099 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon stamineus Benth is a dietary supplement and traditional Chinese herb with widespread clinical applications, but a comprehensive understanding of its active compounds and polypharmacological mechanisms is lacking. This study aimed to systematically investigate the natural compounds and molecular mechanisms of O. stamineus via network pharmacology. METHODS Information on compounds from O. stamineus was collected via literature retrieval, while physicochemical properties and drug-likeness were evaluated using SwissADME. Protein targets were screened using SwissTargetPrediction, while the compound-target networks were constructed and analyzed via Cytoscape with CytoHubba for seed compounds and core targets. Enrichment analysis and disease ontology analysis were then carried out, generating target-function and compound-target-disease networks to intuitively explore potential pharmacological mechanisms. Lastly, the relationship between active compounds and targets was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics simulation. RESULTS A total of 22 key active compounds and 65 targets were identified and the main polypharmacological mechanisms of O. stamineus were addressed. The molecular docking results suggested that nearly all core compounds and their targets possess good binding affinity. In addition, the separation of receptor and ligands was not observed in all dynamics simulation processes, whereas complexes of orthosiphol Z-AR and Y-AR performed best in simulations of molecular dynamics. CONCLUSION This study successfully identified the polypharmacological mechanisms of the main compounds in O. stamineus, and predicted five seed compounds along with 10 core targets. Moreover, orthosiphol Z, orthosiphol Y, and their derivatives can be utilized as lead compounds for further research and development. The findings here provide improved guidance for subsequent experiments, and we identified potential active compounds for drug discovery or health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Xu
- Department of Yi Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Medical Research Information, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Gong Z, Li Y, Jin Y, Huang Y, Chi M. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10537. [PMID: 37445714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that represent a severe public health problem. They are often caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus). Among these, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are the most common causative agent in both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. The adaptive evolution of UPEC has been observed in several ways, including changes in colonization, attachment, invasion, and intracellular replication to invade the urothelium and survive intracellularly. While antibiotic therapy has historically been very successful in controlling UTIs, high recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly reduce the efficacy of these treatments. Furthermore, the gradual global emergence of multidrug-resistant UPEC has highlighted the need to further explore its pathogenesis and seek alternative therapeutic and preventative strategies. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the clinical status and pathogenesis of UTIs and the advantages and disadvantages of antibiotics as a conventional treatment option could spark a surge in the search for alternative treatment options, especially vaccines and medicinal plants. Such options targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms of UPEC are expected to be a focus of UTI management in the future to help combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zuying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Mingyan Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China
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Subbiah U, Ajith A, Venkata Subbiah H. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation of Orthosiphon stamineus against SGLT1 and SGLT2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13663-13678. [PMID: 36995112 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2193984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and kidney diseases. Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT1 and SGLT2) inhibitors are the novel group of drugs used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study 20 phytochemical compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth were obtained from 3 databases viz Dr.Duke's phytochemical, Ethno botanical database and IMPPAT. They were subjected to physiochemical, drug likeliness, and ADMET and toxicity predictions. Homology modeling and molecular docking against SGLT1 and SGLT2 were performed and the stability of the selected drug molecule was validated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for 200 ns. Among the 20 compounds, 14-Dexo-14-O-acetylorthosiphol Y alone showed higher binding affinity with SGLT1 and SGLT2 protein with the binding energy of -9.6 and -11.4 Kcal/mol respectively and had highest affinity towards SGLT2 inhibitor. This compound also satisfied Lipinski rule of 5 and had a good ADMET profile. The compound is non-toxic to marine organisms and to normal cell lines and non-mutagenic. The RMSD value attained equilibrium at 150 ns with the stability around 4.8 Å and no significant deviation was reported from 160 to 200 ns for SGLT2. Our study suggests that 14-Dexo-14-O-acetylorthosiphol Y showed promising results against the SGLT2 and could be considered as a potent anti-diabetic drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Subbiah
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athira Ajith
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harini Venkata Subbiah
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bassalat N, Kadan S, Melamed S, Yaron T, Tietel Z, Karam D, Kmail A, Masalha M, Zaid H. In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030945. [PMID: 36986806 PMCID: PMC10054011 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular folk herb used to treat diabetes and some other disorders. Previous studies have shown that O. stamineus extracts were able to balance blood glucose levels in diabetic rat animal models. However, the antidiabetic mechanism of O. stamineus is not fully known. This study was carried out to test the chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antidiabetic activity of O. stamineus (aerial) methanol and water extracts. GC/MS phytochemical analysis of O. stamineus methanol and water extracts revealed 52 and 41 compounds, respectively. Ten active compounds are strong antidiabetic candidates. Oral treatment of diabetic mice with O. stamineus extracts for 3 weeks resulted significant reductions in blood glucose levels from 359 ± 7 mg/dL in diabetic non-treated mice to 164 ± 2 mg/dL and 174 ± 3 mg/dL in water- and methanol-based-extract-treated mice, respectively. The efficacy of O. stamineus extracts in augmenting glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane (PM) was tested in a rat muscle cell line stably expressing myc-tagged GLUT4 (L6-GLUT4myc) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The methanol extract was more efficient in enhancing GLUT4 translocation to the PM. It increased GLUT4 translocation at 250 µg/mL to 279 ± 15% and 351 ± 20% in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. The same concentration of water extract enhanced GLUT4 translocation to 142 ± 2.5% and 165 ± 5% in the absence and presence of insulin, respectively. The methanol and water extracts were safe up to 250 µg/mL as measured with a Methylthiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxic assay. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. O. stamineus methanol extract reached the maximal inhibition of 77 ± 10% at 500 µg/mL, and O. stamineus water extract led to 59 ± 3% inhibition at the same concentration. These findings indicate that O. stamineus possesses antidiabetic activity in part by scavenging the oxidants and enhancing GLUT4 translocation to the PM in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Bassalat
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
| | - Sleman Kadan
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 3010000, Israel
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P. Negev, Gilat 8531100, Israel
| | - Tamar Yaron
- Faculty of Science, Beit Berl College, Kfar Saba 4490500, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P. Negev, Gilat 8531100, Israel
| | - Dina Karam
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
| | - Asmaa Kmail
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
| | - Mahmud Masalha
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 3010000, Israel
| | - Hilal Zaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 3010000, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Ruan J, Gao Q, Yang D, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang T. Highly oxygenated diterpenoids in Clerodendranthus spicatus and their bioactivity, A review. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Antioxidant Activities in C57BL/6 Obese Mice and Palmitic-Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010109. [PMID: 36678606 PMCID: PMC9866040 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of liver disease. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq, a traditional plant in South Asia, has previously been shown to attenuate obesity and hyperglycaemic conditions. Eight weeks of feeding C57BL/6 mice with the standardized O. aristatus extract (400 mg/kg) inhibited the progression of NAFLD. Liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase were significantly reduced in treated mice by 74.2% ± 7.69 and 52.8% ± 7.83, respectively. Furthermore, the treated mice showed a reduction in serum levels of glucose (50% ± 5.71), insulin (70.2% ± 12.09), total cholesterol (27.5% ± 15.93), triglycerides (63.2% ± 16.5), low-density lipoprotein (62.5% ± 4.93) and atherogenic risk index relative to the negative control. Histologically, O. aristatus reversed hepatic fat accumulation and reduced NAFLD severity. Notably, our results showed the antioxidant activity of O. aristatus via increased superoxide dismutase activity and a reduction of hepatic malondialdehyde levels. In addition, the levels of serum pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNFα) decreased, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic fractions of O. aristatus extract significantly reduced intracellular fat accumulation in HepG2 cells that were treated with palmitic-oleic acid. Together, these findings suggest that antioxidant activities are the primary mechanism of action of O. aristatus underlying the anti-NAFLD effects.
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Alshehade SA, Al Zarzour RH, Murugaiyah V, Lim SYM, El-Refae HG, Alshawsh MA. Mechanism of action of Orthosiphon stamineus against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from systems pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1572-1588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tan WN, Nagarajan K, Lim V, Azizi J, Khaw KY, Tong WY, Leong CR, Chear NJY. Metabolomics Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Endophytic Diaporthe fraxini ED2 Grown in Different Culture Media. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050519. [PMID: 35628774 PMCID: PMC9144047 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a promising source of bioactive metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the present study, MS-based metabolomics was conducted to study the metabolomes variations of endophytic Diaporthe fraxini ED2 grown in different culture media. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of the fungal extracts. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was employed in data analysis and interpretation to elucidate the complex metabolite profile. The supplemented culture medium of D. fraxini fungal extract stimulated the production of metabolites not occurring in the normal culture medium. Antioxidant activity studies revealed the potential of supplemented cultured fungal extract of D. fraxini as a source of antioxidants. The present findings highlight that fungal culture medium supplementation is an effective approach to unravelling the hidden metabolome in plant-associated fungal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Kashvintha Nagarajan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Branch Campus Institute of Medical Science Technology (MESTECH), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
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Wang Q, Wang J, Li N, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhuang P, Chen H. A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020444. [PMID: 35056765 PMCID: PMC8781015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to O. stamineus and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in O. stamineus. (4) Conclusion: O. stamineus could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-2740-1483
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Marouf R, Mbarga JM, Ermolaev A, Podoprigora I, Smirnova I, Yashina N, Zhigunova A, Martynenkova A. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:1-12. [PMID: 35784103 PMCID: PMC9245916 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_124_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative agent in both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC has been already demonstrated against a wide variety of antibiotics and the situation is continuing to deteriorate increasing the rate of recurrence and the difficulty of treatment and prophylaxis. Recently, a big attention has been paid to non-antibiotic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Among many strategies, phytotherapy has gained a special attention worldwide. Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times and they are well known for their effectiveness in treating many health conditions including UTIs. Researches are conducted continuously to validate the use of many medicinal plants against UPEC, investigate their mechanisms of action, and determine their active constituents. Our extensive review of the recent literature revealed that many phytochemicals are shown to target and inhibit a wide variety of bioprocesses in UPEC, such as adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Such natural approaches are very promising in confronting the antibiotic resistance of UPEC and can be further used to develop plant-based strategies and pharmaceutical products to treat and prevent UTIs caused by UPEC.
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14
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body’s defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M E Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Devi R S, Srinivas P, Thoppil JE. Evaluation of genoprotection against malathion induced toxicity by Orthosiphon thymiflorus Sleesen. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:320-329. [PMID: 33781615 PMCID: PMC8185970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide toxicity is considered to be one of the significant reason for increased incidence of cancer. Plants are treasure troves of active phytochemical compounds which are used as herbal medicine as well as nutraceuticals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the genoprotective potential of Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen, (Lamiaceae) against the toxicity induced by malathion by a battery of four in vivo assays in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Micronucleus assay was performed for analyzing the micronuclei induction and ratio of polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE). Anticlastogenic and mito depressive effect of the methanol and hexane extracts of O.thymiflorus were evaluated by chromosome aberration assay. Alkali comet assay was performed to assess double strand DNA repair. DNA damage sensing ability of the bone marrow cells were assessed by γ-H2AX foci formation. Phytochemical screening of hexane and methanol extract was done by GC-MS analysis. RESULT O. thymiflorus extracts showed a dose dependant protective effect in all assays. It significantly decreased the frequency of micronuclei and improved PCE/NCE value in post treated groups of animals. Malathion induced clastogenic aberrations were effectively attenuated by methanol and hexane extracts. DNA comet assay showed that malathion induced damage can be protected by O. thymiflorus extracts. Multiple foci formation in γ-H2AX assay confirmed the activation of DNA repair proteins in post treated animals. CONCLUSION Genoprotective effect of O. thymiflorus against malathion induced toxicity was confirmed. This study would be helpful to initiate more research including clinical using O. thymiflorus extract against pesticide induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Devi R
- Department of Botany, N.S.S College, Manjeri, Malappuram, Kerala, 676 122, India.
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
| | - John E Thoppil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Dept of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
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16
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Zhu C, Niu H, Nie A, Bian M. Bioactivity-guided separation of potential α-glycosidase inhibitor from clerodendranthus spicatus based on HSCCC coupled with molecular docking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6914. [PMID: 33767281 PMCID: PMC7994796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendranthus Spicatus is a traditional Dais medi-edible plant and it has been proven to have good blood glucose-lowering efficacy. However, the material basis of Clerodendranthus Spicatus has not been clarified yet and therefore needs to be determined. In this paper, the effective ingredients of this medicine were purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Alongside, their potential hypoglycemic activity was determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro and molecular docking. Finally, five compounds were purified and identified as 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid (1), N-(E)-caffeoyldopamine (2), rosmarinc acid (3), methyl rosmarinate (4), 6,7,8,3',4'-Pentamethoxyflavone (5). Examination of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro showed that 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid and rosmarinic acid had a higher inhibitory activity than acarbose. Molecular docking indicated that the affinity energy of the identified compounds ranged from - 7.6 to - 8.6 kcal/mol, a more desirable result than acarbose (- 6.6 kcal/mol). Particularly, rosmarinc acid with the lowest affinity energy of - 8.6 kcal/mol was wrapped with 6 hydrogen bonds. Overall, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and molecular docking suggested that rosmarinc acid was likely to be a promising hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Meng Bian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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17
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Wen Q, Feng Y, Tan T. Comprehensive chemical and metabolic profiling of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction from Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1805-1814. [PMID: 33569908 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extensive pharmacological research has demonstrated that Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba has an obvious anti-hyperglycemic effect via α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, the anti-hyperglycemic active fraction and its metabolic behavior in vivo have not been elaborated clearly. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry with data filtering strategy, including mass defect screening, diagnostic product ions and neutral loss identification, was established for chemical and metabolic profiling of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction from Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba. A total of 28 methoxylated flavonoids and 61 diterpenoids were rapidly identified. Four main known methoxylated flavonoids were purified and unambiguously identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Thirty-one absorbed diterpenoids, 12 absorbed methoxylated flavonoids, and 56 methoxylated flavonoids metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, bile, and feces after oral administration of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction. The methoxylated flavonoids were predominantly metabolized by demethylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. Glucuronidation metabolites found in bile and urine after demethylation were dominant metabolites. Diterpenoids were absorbed into the blood mainly in the form of prototypes and excreted through bile and urine. These results indicated that methoxylated flavonoids and diterpenoids were responsible for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which might provide novel drug candidates for the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wen
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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18
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Han Jie L, Jantan I, Yusoff SD, Jalil J, Husain K. Sinensetin: An Insight on Its Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:553404. [PMID: 33628166 PMCID: PMC7898666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinensetin, a plant-derived polymethoxylated flavonoid found in Orthosiphon aristatus var. aristatus and several citrus fruits, has been found to possess strong anticancer activities and a variety of other pharmacological benefits and promising potency in intended activities with minimal toxicity. This review aims to compile an up-to-date reports of published scientific information on sinensetin pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. The present findings about the compound are critically analyzed and its prospect as a lead molecule for drug discovery is highlighted. The databases employed for data collection are mainly through Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. In-vitro and in-vivo studies showed that sinensetin possessed strong anticancer activities and a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-dementia and vasorelaxant activities. The studies provided some insights on its several mechanisms of action in cancer and other disease states. However, more detail mechanistic studies are needed to understand its pharmacological effects. More in vivo studies in various animal models including toxicity, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and bioavailability studies are required to assess its efficacy and safety before submission to clinical studies. In this review, an insight on sinensetin pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action serves as a useful resource for a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of sinensetin as a potential lead candidate for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Han Jie
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Syaratul Dalina Yusoff
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Genotype selection for phytochemical content and pharmacological activities in ethanol extracts of fifteen types of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves using chemometric analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20945. [PMID: 33262368 PMCID: PMC7708627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. of the Lamiaceae family, called as kumis kucing in Indonesia, is a valuable medicinal plant for their pharmacological properties. The present study comprised of fifteen genotypes of O. aristatus was undertaken to evaluate the genotypes based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of leaves ethanol extract. Chemometric analysis (correlation and principal component analysis) was also used to investigate the genetic variability based on phytochemical content and pharmacological activities of O. aristatus genotypes. Results of phytochemical characterization showed that total phenolic ranged from 1.48 to 36.08 (maximum in A15) mg GAE/g DW, total flavonoid ranged from 0.10 to 3.07 (maximum in A15) mg QE/g DW, sinensetin ranged from 0.36 to 4.02 (maximum in A11) mg/g DW, and rosmarinic acid ranged 0.06 to 7.25 (maximum in A7) mg/g DW. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH and FRAP assay. Antioxidant results showed that DPPH ranged from 1.68 to 15.55 (maximum in A15) μmol TE/g DW and FRAP ranged from 0.07 to 1.60 (maximum in A1 and A7) μmol TE/g DW. The genotype A8 showed the highest cytotoxic activities against HeLa (66.25%) and MCF-7 (61.79%) cell lines. Maximum α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was recorded in genotype A2 with the value of 62.84%. The genotypes A1, A2, A7, A11, and A15 were identified as superior based on their phytochemicals content and pharmacological activities coupled with chemometric analysis. This finding is important for breeding studies and also the pharmaceutical perspective of O. aristatus.
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20
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Chen WD, Zhao YL, Dai Z, Zhou ZS, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory diterpenoids with highly oxygenated substituents from kidney tea (Clerodendranthus spicatus). J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13511. [PMID: 33103258 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The whole plant of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) is one of popular functional food in south of China, named as "kidney tea" and used to ameliorate renal inflammation. In order to verify this potential function and explore the accurate compounds responsible for inflammation, the ethanol extract, fractions, and subfractions of this plant were prepared to evaluate anti-inflammation effect on xylene-induced acute inflammatory mice model, and the results indicated that two subfractions from EtOAc fraction show potential activities. Subsequent bioassay-guided isolation of the bioactive subfractions led to isolation of 25 compounds. Among them, compounds 2, 4, 5, 9-11, 13, 16, 17, and 20-22 inhibited the productions of pro-inflammation factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced renal epithelia (HK-2) cells, respectively. Further anti-inflammation evaluation in vivo indicated that the major bioactive compounds 1, 2, 5-7, 17, 21, and 22 from C. spicatus were even better than aspirin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: C. spicatus as a healthy tea has been available in the Chinese market and as a medicine for various disorders such as nephritis, rheumatism, inflammation, gout, and diabetes. Previous pharmacological investigation of the plant revealed the potential anti-inflammatory activities, but the material basis of anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. In our study, the anti-inflammatory fractions and compounds were obtained by the bioassay-guide isolation and the results showed that the highly oxygenated diterpenoids were major anti-inflammatory compounds, in which 1, 2, 5-7, 17, 21, and 22 were even better than aspirin. This information supported kidney tea as a functional food for treatment of renal inflammation reasonably and may add a new dimension to biological activity of this plant in the field of agriculture as a functional food were cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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21
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Cai X, Zhang L, Chen X, Zhang H, Xue H, Lu Y, Tang J, Lu Y. Orthosiphon stamineus and rosmarinic acid reduce heat stress in laying hens. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Mainini G, Passaro M, Schiattarella A, Franciscis PD, Donna MCD, Trezza G. Prevention and treatment of cystitis during menopause: efficacy of a nutraceutical containing D-mannose, inulin, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2020; 19:130-134. [PMID: 33100948 PMCID: PMC7573332 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2020.99567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical compound containing Uticlin® (D-mannose, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea), inulin, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in menopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of menopausal women recruited with a history of recurrent UTIs in the previous twelve months and who intended to treat their bladder problem without the use of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatories. Women were proposed the use of an oral nutraceutical compound. The drug was taken for ten days, every month. Women were assigned to two parallel cohorts: patients using (group 1) or not using (group 2) this nutraceutical compound. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the number of women with less than two infective episodes in the 6-month follow-up and less than three episodes in the 12-month follow-up. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the reduction of related symptoms at 12-month follow-up, according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS At 6 months of therapy, the reduction in the number of patients with ≥ 2 UTIs was statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to baseline only in group 1. At 12 months, the number of patients who were disease-free was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group 1 compared to group 2. Moreover, the improvement of related symptoms was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in group 1, as shown by the reduction in the VAS scale value. CONCLUSIONS In menopausal women, the combination of D-mannose, inulin, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus SGL 11 per os represents a useful therapy for recurrent UTIs in women wanting a natural approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Mainini
- Menopausal Center, San Leonardo Hospital, ASL NA3 SUD, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano C. Di Donna
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Arnas Civico, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennaro Trezza
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy
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Chen WD, Zhao YL, Sun WJ, He YJ, Liu YP, Jin Q, Yang XW, Luo XD. "Kidney Tea" and Its Bioactive Secondary Metabolites for Treatment of Gout. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9131-9138. [PMID: 32786873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus, popularly known as "kidney tea" in China, is consumed traditionally as a functional food for treatment of renal inflammation, dysuria, and gout. We evaluated the effects of C. spicatus on gout by assessing activities of antihyperuricemia, anti-gouty arthritis, and analgesia in vivo, and the results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction shows potential activities. Subsequent phytochemical investigation of this fraction led to the isolation of 32 compounds, consisting of 20 diterpenoids (including the new orthosiphonones E and F), 2 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 2 lignanoids, and 2 phenolic acid derivatives. Pharmacological investigation of the pure compounds in the cellular model of hyperuricemia indicated that 12 compounds could promote the excretion of uric acid at 10 μg/mL, and compounds 3, 4, 5, and 21 had better effects than that of benzbromarone, a famous uricosuric drug. Furthermore, compounds 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 23, 26, and 31 showed significant anti-gouty arthritis activity in monosodium urate (MSU)-induced joint swelling at the dose of 50 mg/kg, while compounds 4, 5, 7, 9, and 26 exhibited significant inhibition of pain induced by acetic acid. Our findings provided scientific justification to support the traditional application of "kidney tea" for treating gout and suggested its good application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
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Kamarudin N, Jusoh R, Sukor N, Jalil A, Setiabudi H. Intensified photocatalytic degradation of 2, 4–dicholorophenoxyacetic acid using size-controlled silver nanoparticles: Effect of pre-synthesis extraction. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Luo Y, Wen Q, Lai CJS, Feng Y, Tan T. Characterization of polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with target and nontarget data mining strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1884-1893. [PMID: 31295373 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba (CSH) is often used to treat urinary stones, urinary tract infections and nephritis in China. Much literature has reported that polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids are the major bioactive components in CSH. Therefore, it is very meaningful to identify the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in CSH. METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS) analysis with target and nontarget data mining strategy was proposed to rapidly profile the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in CSH. Diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filter were beneficial for identifying the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids from complex compounds in CSH. RESULTS A total of 118 compounds, including 85 polymeric phenolic acids and 33 flavonoids, were reasonably identified in CSH by comparing their main fragmentation pathways with literature data, and 85 of them were discovered in CSH firstly by nontarget analysis. Nine potential compounds were characterized tentatively as new pentameric and hexameric phenolic acids in CSH. Six types of polymeric phenolic acids (monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer) and four types of flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin) were identified in CSH. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS method coupled with target and nontarget data mining strategy was feasible and rational for identifying the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in complex chemical constituents of CSH. The findings will be conducive to the discovery of the active ingredients of CSH and the establishment of quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Quan Wen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ting Tan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
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26
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Xu YXZ, Xi S, Qian X. Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Herbal Products for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9182595. [PMID: 31886289 PMCID: PMC6915007 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9182595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy with health consequences for both lives during and after pregnancy. Studies found that many pregnant women turn to complementary and alternative medicine for health maintenance or symptom relief, such as herbal medicine and acupuncture from traditional Chinese medicine. With the growing popularity of traditional Chinese medicine, we conducted a systemic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases on research studies that investigated traditional Chinese medicine during pregnancy. The resultant hits were further searched in relation to all diabetes mellitus. In total, we found three major herbal medicine/herbal products that were associated with glycemic control in gestational diabetes, including Zuo Gui Wan, red raspberry leaves, and Orthosiphon stamineus. We further reviewed them and their relatives in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus and found more evidence of metabolic benefits. None of the herbal medicine and products examined reported toxicity in the experimental models. Overall, treatments of gestational diabetes by western or alternative interventions are grossly understudied. It is critical to have a standardized protocol when evaluating efficacy of herbal medicine and produce quality results for women and their health-care providers to make informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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