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Anil J, Alnemri A, Lytle A, Lockhart B, Anil AE, Baumgartner M, Gebre K, McFerran J, Grupp SA, Rheingold SR, Pillai V. Bone marrow fibrosis is associated with non-response to CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1888-1897. [PMID: 37718626 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
CD19 directed CAR T-cell therapy is used to treat relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The role of the pre-CAR bone marrow (BM) stromal microenvironment in determining response to CAR T-cell therapy has been understudied. We performed whole transcriptome analysis, reticulin fibrosis assessment and CD3 T-cell infiltration on BM core biopsies from pre- and post-CAR timepoints for 61 patients, as well as on a cohort of 54 primary B-ALL samples. Pathways of fibrosis, extracellular matrix development, and associated transcription factors AP1 and TGF-β3, were enriched and upregulated in nonresponders (NR) even prior to CAR T cell therapy. NR showed significantly higher levels of BM fibrosis compared to complete responders by both clinical reticulin assessment and AI-assisted digital image scoring. CD3+ T cells showed a trend toward lower infiltration in NR. NR had significantly higher levels of pre-CAR fibrosis compared to primary B-ALL. High levels of fibrosis were associated with lower overall survival after CAR T-cell therapy. In conclusion, BM fibrosis is a novel mechanism mediating nonresponse to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy in B-ALL. A widely used clinically assay for quantitating myelofibrosis can be repurposed to determine patients at high risk of non-response. Genes and pathways associated with BM fibrosis are a potential target to improve response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Anil
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahab Alnemri
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Lytle
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Lockhart
- Division of Hematopathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley E Anil
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Baumgartner
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirubel Gebre
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared McFerran
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan R Rheingold
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Division of Hematopathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Ping W, Xin R, Li Z, Yupeng C, Fangling S, Caihong R, Shun H, Sheng Z. Effect of Surface Decalcification With Hydrochloric Acid on the Determination of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, Ki67, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expressions in Invasive Breast Carcinoma Based on Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:232-238. [PMID: 36883948 PMCID: PMC10072208 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is the most common site of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). EDTA is often used to decalcify bony tissue samples to ensure the accurate assessment of antigenicity in MBC. It takes ~24 to 48 hours to decalcify small bone tissues such as bone marrow, which is considered unacceptable given the priority that is often placed on the rapid processing of bone marrow trephine cores. Thus, an effective decalcification method that preserves genetic material is needed. AIM We performed immunohistochemical studies on surface decalcification (SD) in breast tumors and evaluated the effect of SD on receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on a subset of these tumors to establish a protocol for handling bone specimens for MBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four cases of invasive breast tumors were studied. We compared the immunohistochemical expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki67, and HER2 between control tissue (nondecalcified) and parallel tissue subjected to SD with hydrochloric acid. We also evaluated the effect of SD on the fluorescence in situ hybridization expression of HER2. RESULTS Categorical decreases in ER and PR expression were identified in 9/31 (29.0%) cases without SD and 10/26 (38.5%) cases with SD. HER2 expression changed from equivocal to negative in 4/12 (33.4%) cases. Among the HER2-positive cases, all remained positive after SD. The most significant declines in immunoreactivity occurred with Ki67, with an average decrease from 22% to 13%. The average HER2 copy numbers were 5.37 and 4.76 in the control and SD groups, respectively, and the average HER2/CEP17 ratios were 2.35 and 2.08, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, SD is an alternative decalcification method in bony metastases to assess ER, PR, and HER2 in MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ping
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
| | - Rao Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
| | - Chen Yupeng
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
| | | | - Ren Caihong
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
| | - Hu Shun
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
| | - Zhang Sheng
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Pathology
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3
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Chen C, He X, Chen M, Du T, Qin W, Jing W, Zhang H. Diagnostic value of MDM2 RNA in situ hybridization for low-grade osteosarcoma: Consistency comparison of RNA in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03530-9. [PMID: 36977943 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection of MDM2 gene amplification via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and MDM2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been utilized for the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma (LGOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MDM2 RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) and compare this assay with MDM2 FISH and IHC in distinguishing LGOS from its histologic mimics. MDM2 RNA-ISH, FISH and IHC were performed on nondecalcified samples of 23 LGOSs and 52 control cases. Twenty (20/21, 95.2%) LGOSs were MDM2-amplified, and two cases failed in FISH. All control cases were MDM2-nonamplified. All 20 MDM2-amplified LGOSs and one MDM2-nonamplified LGOS harboring TP53 mutation and RB1 deletion showed positivity for RNA-ISH. Fifty of the 52 (96.2%) control cases were negative for RNA-ISH. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MDM2 RNA-ISH were 100.0% and 96.2%, respectively. Nineteen of the 23 LGOSs were evaluated by MDM2 RNA-ISH and FISH in decalcified samples simultaneously. All decalcified LGOSs failed in FISH and most samples (18/19) were no staining in RNA-ISH. Fifteen (15/20, 75%) MDM2-amplified LGOSs were positive for IHC and 96.2% (50/52) of control cases were negative. The sensitivity of RNA-ISH (100%) was higher than that of IHC (75%). In conclusion, MDM2 RNA-ISH has great value for the diagnosis of LGOS, with excellent consistency with FISH and better sensitivity than IHC. Acid decalcification still has an adverse impact on RNA. Some MDM2-nonamplified tumors may show positivity for MDM2 RNA-ISH, which needs to be analyzed comprehensively in combination with clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhai Du
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiji Qin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyi Jing
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXueXiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Zakka FR, Cipriani NA. To Freeze or Not to Freeze? Recommendations for Intraoperative Examination and Gross Prosection of Thyroid Glands. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:15-26. [PMID: 36739161 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of intraoperative consultation for indeterminate thyroid lesions is not advocated but is still requested by some surgeons. Obscured cytomorphology and nonrepresentative sampling limit the specificity of intraoperative assessment. Formalin fixation of thyroid glands before sectioning also minimizes artifacts introduced by fresh sectioning. Inking of thyroid may vary based on institutional preferences and information desired by clinical teams. Sectioning may occur in the conventional transverse method or the modified transverse vertical method to more thoroughly evaluate the lesion's periphery. Gross examination of thyroid lesions should always consider possible high-grade features, such as necrosis or extrathyroidal extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad R Zakka
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6101, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicole A Cipriani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 6101, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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5
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Penault-Llorca F, Kerr KM, Garrido P, Thunnissen E, Dequeker E, Normanno N, Patton SJ, Fairley J, Kapp J, de Ridder D, Ryška A, Moch H. Expert opinion on NSCLC small specimen biomarker testing - Part 1: Tissue collection and management. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:335-350. [PMID: 35857102 PMCID: PMC9485167 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker testing is crucial for treatment selection in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the quantity of available tissue often presents a key constraint for patients with advanced disease, where minimally invasive tissue biopsy typically returns small samples. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we summarise evidence-based recommendations relating to small sample processing for patients with NSCLC. Generally, tissue biopsy techniques that deliver the greatest quantity and quality of tissue with the least risk to the patient should be selected. Rapid on-site evaluation can help to ensure sufficient sample quality and quantity. Sample processing should be managed according to biomarker testing requirements, because tissue fixation methodology influences downstream nucleic acid, protein and morphological analyses. Accordingly, 10% neutral buffered formalin is recommended as an appropriate fixative, and the duration of fixation is recommended not to exceed 24–48 h. Tissue sparing techniques, including the ‘one biopsy per block’ approach and small sample cutting protocols, can help preserve tissue. Cytological material (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] cytology blocks and non-FFPE samples such as smears and touch preparations) can be an excellent source of nucleic acid, providing either primary or supplementary patient material to complete morphological and molecular diagnoses. Considerations on biomarker testing, reporting and quality assessment are discussed in Part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Pilar Garrido
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Dequeker
- Department of Public Health, Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, Campus Gasthuisberg, University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Aleš Ryška
- Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Freitas EC, Dalmolin SP, da Silva MM, de Oliveira FH, Pilar EFS. Evaluation of EDTA and nitric acid solutions for decalcification of joints in AG/WT, BALB/c, C57, DBA1/J mice, and in Wistar rats. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:372-381. [PMID: 34845957 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decalcification of mineralized samples for microscopic analysis involves competing factors including decalcification time, preservation of tissue integrity and cost. We investigated the utility of different decalcification solutions for studying joints in AG/WT, BALB/c, C57, DBA1/J mice and Wistar rats. The hind paws of the rodents were removed and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Specimens were divided randomly into three groups for demineralization: 10% nitric acid, 12.5% EDTA at room temperature and 12.5% EDTA at 35 °C with shaking. Sections of joints were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). We evaluated decalcification time and expense, ease of cutting sections, preservation of nuclear basophilia and intranuclear detail, and intensity of eosin staining. The 10% nitric acid solution produced the most rapid decalcification for the mice, but not the rats. The 12.5% EDTA solution at 35 °C with shaking did not decrease decalcification time. Effects on microtomy were variable as were the effects on H & E staining. The EDTA solution provided the best basophilia and intranuclear detail for the mice. For rats, only 12.5% EDTA at 35 °C with shaking produced good preservation. Preservation of nuclear basophilia and intranuclear detail for rats was best with 10% nitric acid and EDTA 35 °C. For mice, 10% nitric acid failed to preserve nuclear basophilia and intranuclear detail. For intensity of eosin staining, EDTA at room temperature and EDTA 35 °C was best for both mice and rats. Sections also exhibited good H & E staining in most samples decalcified with 10% nitric acid. Although we found considerable variation among groups of animals, we found less variation among the different mouse strains than between mice and Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Correa Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francine Hehn de Oliveira
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Salles Pilar
- Laboratory Research Unit, Center for Experimental Research, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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7
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Grassini D, Cascardi E, Sarotto I, Annaratone L, Sapino A, Berrino E, Marchiò C. Unusual Patterns of HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer: Insights and Perspectives. Pathobiology 2022; 89:278-296. [PMID: 35500561 DOI: 10.1159/000524227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomarker human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) has represented the best example of successful targeted therapy in breast cancer patients. Based on the concept of "oncogene addiction," we have learnt how to identify patients likely benefitting from anti-HER2 agents. Since HER2 gene amplification leads to marked overexpression of the HER2 receptors on the cell membrane, immunohistochemistry with clinically validated antibodies and scoring system based on intensity and completeness of the membranous expression constitute the screening method to separate negative (score 0/1+) and positive (score 3+) carcinomas and to identify those tumours with complete yet only moderate HER2 expression (score 2+, equivocal carcinomas), which need to be investigated further in terms of gene status to confirm the presence of a loop of oncogene addiction. This process has demanded quality controls and led to recommendations by Scientific Societies, which pathologists routinely need to follow to guarantee reproducibility. In this review, we will span from the description of classical HER2 evaluation to the discussion of those scenarios in which HER2 expression is unusual and/or difficult to define. We will dissect HER2 heterogeneity, HER2 conversion from primary to relapsed/metastatic breast cancer, and we will introduce the new category of HER2-low breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Grassini
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Sarotto
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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8
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Sun N, Tran BV, Peng Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Yang P, Zhang TX, Widjaja J, Zhang RY, Xia W, Keir A, She J, Yu H, Shyue J, Zhu H, Agopian VG, Pei R, Tomlinson JS, Toretsky JA, Jonas SJ, Federman N, Lu S, Tseng H, Zhu Y. Coupling Lipid Labeling and Click Chemistry Enables Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Oncogenic Gene Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105853. [PMID: 35486030 PMCID: PMC9108594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-preserved molecular cargo in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers an ideal material for detecting oncogenic gene alterations in cancer patients, providing a noninvasive diagnostic solution for detection of disease status and monitoring treatment response. Therefore, technologies that conveniently isolate EVs with sufficient efficiency are desperately needed. Here, a lipid labeling and click chemistry-based EV capture platform ("Click Beads"), which is ideal for EV message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) assays due to its efficient, convenient, and rapid purification of EVs, enabling downstream molecular quantification using reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) is described and demonstrated. Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) gene rearrangements and kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation status are detected and quantified using EVs isolated by Click Beads and matched with those identified in biopsy specimens from Ewing sarcoma or pancreatic cancer patients. Moreover, the quantification of gene alterations can be used for monitoring treatment responses and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Benjamin V. Tran
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Zishan Peng
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ceng Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Tiffany X. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Josephine Widjaja
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Wenxi Xia
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Alexandra Keir
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jia‐Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hsiao‐hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Jong Shyue
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia SinicaNankangTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio InterfaceSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - James S. Tomlinson
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and PediatricsGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDC20057USA
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California NanoSystems InstituteDepartments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of MedicineEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Researchand Children's Discovery and Innovation InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of PathologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Hsian‐Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems InstituteCrump Institute for Molecular ImagingDepartment of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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9
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Yang CF, Hsu CY. The Expressions of CD30 and CD123 of Mastocytosis in Taiwan. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:278-283. [PMID: 35384878 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a rare disease with a low incidence in Asia-Pacific populations. CD30 and CD123 may have potential prognostic and therapeutic value, but the results are inconsistent. Because racial disparities may exist, we aim to evaluate the expressions of CD30 and CD123 in a series of mastocytosis cases in Taiwan. Twelve patients with systemic and 7 with cutaneous forms of mastocytosis were studied. The expressions of CD30 and CD123 were correlated with the clinical features of the patients. Eighty-three percent (10/12) of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) had an associated hematological neoplasm. Four of the SM patients had both "B" and "C" findings, and they had a median survival time of 0.9 months. CD30 expression was positive in 50% (6/12) of SM cases and 100% (6/6) of cutaneous mastocytosis cases. CD123 was expressed focally or weakly in only 2 SM-associated hematological neoplasm cases. The distribution of mastocytosis subtypes and the expression of CD30 and CD123 in Taiwan differed from those reported in North America and Europe. However, mastocytosis, especially indolent forms, is easily overlooked as its heterogeneous and nonspecific clinical manifestations. A high index of suspicion and improved diagnostic methods can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Chih-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Giunta EF, Annaratone L, Bollito E, Porpiglia F, Cereda M, Banna GL, Mosca A, Marchiò C, Rescigno P. Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancers in the Precision Medicine Era. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4771. [PMID: 34638258 PMCID: PMC8507555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) therapy has been recently revolutionized by the approval of new therapeutic agents in the metastatic setting. However, the optimal therapeutic strategy in such patients should be individualized in the light of prognostic and predictive molecular factors, which have been recently studied: androgen receptor (AR) alterations, PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and tumor microenvironment (TME) modifications. In this review, we highlighted the clinical impact of prognostic and predictive molecular factors in PCa patients' outcomes, identifying biologically distinct subtypes. We further analyzed the relevant methods to detect these factors, both on tissue, i.e., immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular tests, and blood, i.e., analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Moreover, we discussed the main pros and cons of such techniques, depicting their present and future roles in PCa management, throughout the precision medicine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bollito
- Department of Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO2 8QD, UK;
| | - Alessandra Mosca
- Multidisciplinary Outpatient Oncology Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Interdisciplinary Group for Translational Research and Clinical Trials, Urological Cancers (GIRT-Uro), Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
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11
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Washburn E, Tang X, Caruso C, Walls M, Han B. Effect of EDTA decalcification on estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry and HER2/neu fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 117:108-114. [PMID: 34461131 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast carcinoma (BC). Treatments for metastatic BC depend on various factors, including the tumor's estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status. Bone biopsies require decalcification which may affect the accuracy of ER and PR immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HER2 situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) decalcifying solutions have been theorized to have no significant impact on ER and PR IHC or HER2 FISH analyses. We completed a prospective study of the effect of EDTA decalcification on ER and PR IHC and HER2 FISH in 29 cases of BC. Samples from 29 BC resections were collected and formalin fixed between 12 and 24 h. Control samples were routinely processed, whereas test samples were placed in EDTA for 48 h. ER and PR slides were blinded, randomized, and evaluated. Blinded samples underwent HER2 FISH assays where an average HER2 copy number and HER2/CEP17 ratio were calculated. Paired differences between EDTA and control samples were compared for ER and PR positivity, average HER2 copy number, and HER2/CEP17 ratios using paired-samples t-tests (PST) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (WSR). PST and WSR tests yielded no significant difference between EDTA and control tissue for ER% (PST: P = 1; WSR: P = 0.916), PR% (PST: P = 0.973; WSR: P = 0.984), HER2 copy number (PST: P = 0.124; WSR: P = 0.103), and HER2/CEP17 ratio (PST: P = 0.25; WSR: P = 0.105). The use of EDTA in bony tissue is therefore a valid decalcification method to ensure accurate assessment of ER and PR IHC and HER2 FISH in metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Washburn
- Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Carla Caruso
- Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michelle Walls
- Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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12
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Performances of single tube nested polymerase chain reaction and GeneXpert ultra on Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4317-4323. [PMID: 34097177 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis is the most common form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Molecular techniques on fresh tissues are proved to improve the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis and to allow a rapid diagnosis to initiate the treatment and prevent neurological complications. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to assess the diagnostic performances of single tube nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. METHODS This study included 63 tuberculous spondylodiscitis cases collected from June 2014 to January 2020 and corresponding to 27 definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis with positive microbiology, and 36 probable tuberculous spondylodiscitis, with histopathological, clinical and radiological findings consistent with tuberculous spondylodiscitis but with negative microbiology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra were determined with reference to microbiology. RESULTS Nested PCR was positive in 47 (75%) cases: 26/27 definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis and 21/36 probable tuberculous spondylodiscitis. GeneXpert ultra was positive in only 6 (10%) cases corresponding to definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of nested PCR on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were 96%, 100%, 100%, 83% respectively. For GeneXpert ultra, these rates were 22%, 100%, 100% and 25% respectively. CONCLUSION Nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are useful tools for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis, especially for cases where microbiological investigations were not carried out. Both techniques have excellent specificity but single tube nested PCR is more sensitive. Key Points • Molecular techniques are routinely performed on fresh tissues • GeneXpert and nested PCR on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are reliable for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis • Nested PCR is more sensitive than Genexpert for diagnosing tuberculous spondylodiscitis.
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13
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Chang S, Shim HS, Kim TJ, Choi YL, Kim WS, Shin DH, Kim L, Park HS, Lee GK, Lee CH. Molecular biomarker testing for non-small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:181-191. [PMID: 33966368 PMCID: PMC8141968 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.03.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarker testing is the standard of care for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In 2017, the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group and the Korean Molecular Pathology Study Group co-published a molecular testing guideline which contained almost all known genetic changes that aid in treatment decisions or predict prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Since then there have been significant changes in targeted therapies as well as molecular testing including newly approved targeted drugs and liquid biopsy. In order to reflect these changes, the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group developed a consensus statement on molecular biomarker testing. This consensus statement was crafted to provide guidance on what genes should be tested, as well as methodology, samples, patient selection, reporting and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Chang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heae Surng Park
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Mckinnon M, Henneberg M, Higgins D. A review of the current understanding of burned bone as a source of DNA for human identification. Sci Justice 2021; 61:332-338. [PMID: 34172121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of incinerated human remains may rely on genetic analysis of burned bone which can prove far more challenging than fresh tissues. Severe thermal insult results in the destruction or denaturation of DNA in soft tissues, however genetic material may be preserved in the skeletal tissues. Considerations for DNA retrieval from these samples include low levels of exogenous DNA, the dense, mineralised nature of bone, and the presence of contamination, and qPCR inhibitors. This review collates current knowledge in three areas relating to optimising DNA recovery from burned bone: 1) impact of burning on bone and subsequent effects on sample collection, 2) difficulties of preparing burned samples for DNA extraction, and 3) protocols for bone decalcification and DNA extraction. Bone decalcification and various DNA extraction protocols have been tested and optimised for ancient bone, suggesting that prolonged EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) demineralisation followed by solid-phased silica-based extraction techniques provide the greatest DNA yield. However, there is significantly less literature exploring the optimal protocol for incinerated bones. Although burned bone, like ancient and diagenetic bone, can be considered "low-copy", the taphonomic processes occurring are likely different. As techniques developed for ancient samples are tailored to deal with bone that has been altered in a particular way, it is important to understand if burned bone undergoes similar or different changes. Currently the effects of burning on bone and the DNA within it is not fully understood. Future research should focus on increasing our understanding of the effects of heat on bone and on comparing the outcome of various DNA extraction protocols for these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mckinnon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Denice Higgins
- Forensic Odontology Unit, Adelaide Dental School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Gawlitza J, Steinhäuser J, Bücker A, Krasteva-Christ G, Tschernig T. Time is bone - Quantitative comparison of decalcification solvents in human femur samples using dual-X-ray-absorptiometry and computed tomography. Ann Anat 2021; 235:151696. [PMID: 33571643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone decalcification is a necessary preprocessing step in histological and anatomical studies. Several solutions for decalcification with different claimed times for full decalcification are commercially available. Current literature lacks direct, quantitative measurement of calcium hydrocyapatite degradation during decalcification to compare different solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the performance of three different decalcification solutions in human bone by direct measurement of calcium hydroxyapatite using dual-X-ray-absorptiometry (DEXA) and volumetric computed tomography (CT). METHODS Four femur slices were acquired from the proximal femur of a 76-year-old body donor. The slices were submerged in formaldehyde (control), EDTA, Osteosoft (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and "Rapid Bone Decalcifier" (RBD) (American MasterTech Scientific, Lodi, USA). Consecutive DEXA and CT scans were performed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 11 h, 20 h, 44 h and 77 h after solutions were added. Besides the calcium hydroxyapatite concentration, the bone volume was measured each time. RESULTS Fastest decline in volume was seen in the RBD probe. Further, RBD was the only solution, being able to fully decalcify the bone slice after 77 h. Although a steady decline in volume and hydroxyapatite concentration was seen for EDTA and Osteosoft as well, both were not able to decalcify the slices. CONCLUSION Overall, the purely qualititve acquired literature data on bone decalcifiers was verified by our quantitative data for human, cortical-rich bones. Hydrochloric-acid based solutions seem to be preferable in order to rapidly dissolve the calcium hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gawlitza
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Jakob Steinhäuser
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Arno Bücker
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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16
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Mckinnon M, Higgins D. Comparison of bone demineralisation procedures for DNA recovery from burned remains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 51:102448. [PMID: 33373911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recovering DNA from modern incinerated bones can be challenging and may require alteration of routine DNA extraction protocols. It has been postulated that incinerated bones share some similarities with ancient bones, including fragmented DNA, surface contamination and highly mineralised structure, all of which can inhibit the successful recovery of genetic material. For this reason, ancient DNA extraction protocols are often used for incinerated modern samples; however, their effectiveness is still somewhat unclear. Much of this uncertainty exists around the demineralisation step of extraction, specifically the length of incubation and retention or removal of supernatant. As obtaining human samples for forensic research can be challenging, porcine models (Sus scrofa domesticus) are often used as substitutes. This study developed real time PCR assays for porcine nuclear DNA in order to investigate the effects of modified demineralisation protocols on DNA yield from femurs exposed to either short (60 min) or prolonged (120 min) burning. Gradient PCR results indicated 56 °C was the ideal amplification temperature for targeted amplicons, with melt curve analysis showing short and long amplicons corresponded to 80.3 °C and 83 °C peaks respectively. Results of altered extraction protocol showed a trend towards higher DNA yields from longer demineralisation periods however this was not significant. By comparison, retaining supernatant post-demineralisation resulted in significantly greater DNA yields compared to discarding it (P < 0.009). Although DNA content yield decreased with burn duration, the demineralisation treatment variations appeared to have the same effect for all burn lengths. These results suggest that for incinerated modern bone retaining the supernatant following demineralisation can dramatically increase DNA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mckinnon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Denice Higgins
- Forensic Odontology Unit, Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Mateo J, McKay R, Abida W, Aggarwal R, Alumkal J, Alva A, Feng F, Gao X, Graff J, Hussain M, Karzai F, Montgomery B, Oh W, Patel V, Rathkopf D, Rettig M, Schultz N, Smith M, Solit D, Sternberg C, Van Allen E, VanderWeele D, Vinson J, Soule HR, Chinnaiyan A, Small E, Simons JW, Dahut W, Miyahira AK, Beltran H. Accelerating precision medicine in metastatic prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:1041-1053. [PMID: 34258585 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in prostate cancer screening and treatment, available therapy options, particularly in later stages of the disease, remain limited and the treatment-resistant setting represents a serious unmet medical need. Moreover, disease heterogeneity and disparities in patient access to medical advances result in significant variability in outcomes across patients. Disease classification based on genomic sequencing is a promising approach to identify patients whose tumors exhibit actionable targets and make more informed treatment decisions. Here we discuss how we can accelerate precision oncology to inform broader genomically-driven clinical decisions for men with advanced prostate cancer, drug development and ultimately contribute to new treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona Spain
| | - Rana McKay
- University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wassim Abida
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | | | - Ajjai Alva
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Feng
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Graff
- Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maha Hussain
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dana Rathkopf
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Rettig
- University of California at Los Angeles, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - David VanderWeele
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jake Vinson
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Small
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
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Ticha P, Pilawski I, Yuan X, Pan J, Tulu US, Coyac BR, Hoffmann W, Helms JA. A novel cryo-embedding method for in-depth analysis of craniofacial mini pig bone specimens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19510. [PMID: 33177543 PMCID: PMC7658236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The disconnect between preclinical and clinical results underscores the imperative for establishing good animal models, then gleaning all available data on efficacy, safety, and potential toxicities associated with a device or drug. Mini pigs are a commonly used animal model for testing orthopedic and dental devices because their skeletons are large enough to accommodate human-sized implants. The challenge comes with the analyses of their hard tissues: current methods are time-consuming, destructive, and largely limited to histological observations made from the analysis of very few tissue sections. We developed and employed cryo-based methods that preserved the microarchitecture and the cellular/molecular integrity of mini pig hard tissues, then demonstrated that the results of these histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and dynamic histomorphometric analyses e.g., mineral apposition rates were comparable with similar data from preclinical rodent models. Thus, the ability to assess static and dynamic bone states increases the translational value of mini pig and other large animal model studies. In sum, this method represents logical means to minimize the number of animals in a study while simultaneously maximizing the amount of information collected from each specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Ticha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University in Prague, Srobarova 50, 10034, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Pilawski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jie Pan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ustun S Tulu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin R Coyac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Hay MA, Severson EA, Miller VA, Liebner DA, Vergilio JA, Millis SZ, Chen JL. Identifying Opportunities and Challenges for Patients With Sarcoma as a Result of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Sarcoma Specimens. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:1900227. [PMID: 32923870 PMCID: PMC7446311 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of sarcomas is rapidly being integrated into routine clinical care to help refine diagnosis and prognosis and determine treatment. However, little is known about barriers to successful CGP or its clinical utility in sarcoma. We set out to determine whether CGP alters physician treatment decision-making, and whether sarcoma subtypes influence the frequency of successful technical performance of CGP. METHODS A single-institution study evaluated profiling outcomes of 392 samples from patients with sarcoma, using a commercially available CGP panel. Of this group, 34 patients were evaluated prospectively (Decision Impact Trial) to evaluate the utility of CGP in physician decision-making. All cases were retrospectively analyzed to identify causes of CGP failure. RESULTS CGP successfully interrogated 75.3% (n = 295 of 392) of patients with sarcoma. Bone sarcomas had lower passing rates at 65.3% (n = 32 of 49) compared with soft tissue sarcomas at 76.7% (n = 263 of 343; P = .0008). Biopsy location also correlated with profiling efficiency. Bone biopsy specimens had a 52.8% (n = 19 of 36) passing rate versus lung (61.1%; n = 33 of 54) and abdomen (80.1%; n = 109 of 136) specimens. CGP altered physician treatment selection in 25% of evaluable patients (n = 7 of 28) and was associated with improved progression-free survival. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the largest technical evaluation of the performance of CGP in sarcoma. CGP was effectively performed in the vast majority of sarcoma samples and altered physician treatment selection. Tumor location and tissue subtype were key determinants of profiling success and associated with preanalytic variables that affect DNA and RNA quality. These results support standardized biopsy collection protocols to improve profiling outcomes.
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20
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Ghosh S, Lewis MB, Walters BJ. Comparison of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and rapid decalcificier solution for studying human temporal bones by immunofluorescence. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:919-927. [PMID: 33134540 PMCID: PMC7585256 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pervasiveness of hearing loss and the development of new potential therapeutic approaches have led to increased animal studies of the inner ear. However, translational relevance of such studies depends upon verification of protein localization data in human samples. Cadavers used for anatomical education provide a potential research resource, but are limiting due to difficulties in accessing sensory tissues from the dense temporal bones. This study seeks to reduce the often months-long process of decalcification and improve immunofluorescent staining of human cadaveric temporal bones for research use. METHODS Temporal bones were decalcified in either (a) hydrochloric acid-containing RDO solution for 2 days followed by 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 to 5 additional days, or (b) 0.5 M EDTA alone for 2 to 4 weeks. Image-iT FX signal enhancer (ISE) was used to improve immunofluorescent signal-to-noise ratios. RESULTS The data indicate that both methods speed decalcification and allow for immunolabeling of the extranuclear proteins neurofilament (heavy chain), myosin VIIa, oncomodulin and prestin. However, RDO decalcification was more likely to alter structural morphology of sensory tissues and hindered effective labeling of the nuclear proteins SRY-box transcription factor 2 and GATA binding protein 3. CONCLUSIONS Although both approaches allow for rapid decalcification, EDTA appears superior to RDO for preserving cytoarchitecture and immunogenicity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Ghosh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Mark B. Lewis
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Bradley J. Walters
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical SciencesUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
- Department Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
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Suster DI, Mino-Kenudson M. Molecular Pathology of Primary Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:784-798. [PMID: 32873398 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is one of the most common human cancers and is estimated to have an incidence of approximately 2 million new cases per year worldwide with a 20% mortality rate. Lung cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world. Of all cancer types to affect the pulmonary system, non-small cell lung carcinoma comprises approximately 80-85% of all tumors. In the past few decades cytogenetic and advanced molecular techniques have helped define the genomic landscape of lung cancer, and in the process, revolutionized the clinical management and treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The discovery of specific, recurrent genetic abnormalities has led to the development of targeted therapies that have extended the life expectancy of patients who develop carcinoma of the lungs. Patients are now routinely treated with targeted therapies based on identifiable molecular alterations or other predictive biomarkers which has led to a revolution in the field of pulmonary pathology and oncology. Numerous different testing modalities, with various strengths and limitations now exist which complicate diagnostic algorithms, however recently emerging consensus guidelines and recommendations have begun to standardize the way to approach diagnostic testing of lung carcinoma. Herein we provide an overview of the molecular genetic landscape of non-small cell lung carcinoma, with attention to those clinically relevant alterations which drive management, as well as review current recommendations for molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ilan Suster
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Miquelestorena-Standley E, Jourdan ML, Collin C, Bouvier C, Larousserie F, Aubert S, Gomez-Brouchet A, Guinebretière JM, Tallegas M, Brulin B, Le Nail LR, Tallet A, Le Loarer F, Massiere J, Galant C, de Pinieux G. Effect of decalcification protocols on immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses of bone samples. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1505-1517. [PMID: 32094425 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of osteocartilaginous pathologies depends on morphological examination and immunohistochemical and molecular biology analyses. Decalcification is required before tissue processing, but available protocols often lead to altered proteins and nucleic acids, and thus compromise the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different methods of decalcification on histomolecular analyses required for diagnosis and to recommend an optimal protocol for processing these samples in routine practice. We prospectively submitted 35 tissue samples to different decalcification procedures with hydrochloric acid, formic acid, and EDTA, in short, overnight and long cycles for 1 to >10 cycles. Preservation of protein integrity was examined by immunohistochemistry, and quality of nucleic acids was estimated after extraction (DNA and RNA concentrations, 260/280 ratios, PCR cycle thresholds), analysis of DNA mutations (high-resolution melting) or amplifications (PCR, in situ hybridization), and detection of fusion transcripts (RT-PCR, in situ hybridization). Hydrochloric acid- and long-term formic acid-based decalcification induced false-negative results on immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. EDTA and short-term formic acid-based decalcification (<5 cycles of 6 h each) did not alter antigenicity and allowed for detection of gene mutations, amplifications or even fusion transcripts. EDTA showed superiority for in situ hybridization techniques. According to these results and our institutional experience, we propose recommendations for decalcification of bone samples, from biopsies to surgical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Miquelestorena-Standley
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France. .,Université de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.
| | - Marie-Lise Jourdan
- CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | - Christine Collin
- CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- CHU de Marseille La Timone, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sébastien Aubert
- CHU de Lille, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Matthias Tallegas
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Bénédicte Brulin
- INSERM UMR 1238, Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Nantes, France
| | - Louis-Romée Le Nail
- Université de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM UMR 1238, Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Nantes, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Tours, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | | | - Jessica Massiere
- Institut Bergonié, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Galant
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Gonzague de Pinieux
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM UMR 1238, Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Nantes, France
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23
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Lin T, Pajarinen J, Kohno Y, Nabeshima A, Lu L, Nathan K, Yao Z, Wu JY, Goodman S. Increased NF-kB activity in osteoprogenitor-lineage cells impairs the balance of bone versus fat in the marrow of skeletally mature mice. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 6:69-77. [PMID: 32377560 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
"Senile osteoporosis" is defined as significant aging-associated bone loss, and is accompanied by increased fat in the bone marrow. The proportion of adipocytes in bone marrow is inversely correlated with bone formation, and is associated with increased risk of fracture. NF-κB is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of inflammation and bone remodeling. NF-κB activity increases during aging; furthermore, constitutive activation of NF-κB significantly impairs skeletal development in neonatal mice. However, the effects of NF-κB activation using a skeletally mature animal model have not been examined. In the current study, an osteoprogenitor (OP)-specific, doxycycline-regulated NF-κB activated transgenic mouse model (iNF-κB/OP) was generated to investigate the role of NF-κB in bone remodeling in skeletally mature mice. Reduced osteogenesis in the OP-lineage cells isolated from iNF-κB/OP mice was only observed in the absence of doxycycline in vitro. Bone mineral density in the metaphyseal regions of femurs and tibias was reduced in iNF-κB/OP mice. No significant differences in bone volume fraction and cortical bone thickness were observed. Osmium-stained bone marrow fat was increased in epiphyseal and metaphyseal areas in the tibias of iNF-κB/OP mice. These findings suggest that targeting NF-κB activity as a therapeutic strategy may improve bone healing and prevent aging-associated bone loss in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Kohno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Nathan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Dvision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stuart Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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24
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Ramírez T, Sacchini S, Paz Y, Rosales RS, Câmara N, Andrada M, Arbelo M, Fernández A. Comparison of Methods for the Histological Evaluation of Odontocete Spiral Ganglion Cells. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E683. [PMID: 32295193 PMCID: PMC7222732 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans greatly depend on their hearing system to perform many vital activities. The spiral ganglion is an essential component of the auditory pathway and can even be associated with injuries caused by anthropogenic noise. However, its anatomical location, characterized by surrounding bony structures, makes the anatomical and anatomopathological study of the spiral ganglion a difficult task. In order to obtain high-quality tissue samples, a perfect balance between decalcification and the preservation of neural components must be achieved. In this study, different methodologies for spiral ganglion sample preparation and preservation were evaluated. Hydrochloric acid had the shortest decalcification time but damaged the tissue extensively. Both formic acid and EDTA decalcification solutions had a longer decalcification time but exhibited better preservation of the neurons. However, improved cell morphology and staining were observed on ears pretreated with EDTA solution. Therefore, we suggest that decalcifying methodologies based on EDTA solutions should be used to obtain the highest quality samples for studying cell morphology and antigenicity in cetacean spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ramírez
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Simona Sacchini
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Yania Paz
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Rubén S. Rosales
- Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Nakita Câmara
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (S.S.); (Y.P.); (N.C.); (M.A.); (A.F.)
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25
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Toffart AC, Asfari S, Mc Leer A, Reymond E, Jankowski A, Moro-Sibilot D, Stephanov O, Ghelfi J, Lantuejoul S, Ferretti GR. Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of lytic bone lesions in patients clinically suspected of lung cancer: Diagnostic performances for pathological diagnosis and molecular testing. Lung Cancer 2020; 140:93-98. [PMID: 31901769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone is a common location for lung cancer metastasis. Clinicians are often reluctant to biopsy bone metastases, as they are known to require a decalcification process that damages nucleic acids, which makes it incompatible with molecular testing. We performed this study to assess the diagnostic performance of histopathology and molecular testing of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous bone biopsies of lytic bone lesions during the initial assessment or during the progression of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included all patients suspected of having or known to have primary lung cancer and CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsies of lytic bone from January 2010 to June 2017. The main judgment criterion was the diagnostic performance of the pathological analysis. Secondary endpoints were the diagnostic performance of molecular testing and incidence of complications. RESULTS Fifty patients were included. The yield of CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsies for pathological analysis was 100 %, allowing for a diagnosis of certainty in all cases. The percentage of tumor cells in samples was higher than the 20 % threshold in 83.9 % of cases. The yield of molecular analysis was 94.6 %. A mutation was found in 60 % of cases; most frequently in KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (28.6 %) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) (14.3 %). The complication rate was 2 %, i.e. a minor undrained pneumothorax. CONCLUSION CT-guided percutaneous biopsies of lytic bone is associated with a very low complication rate and high diagnostic performance for histopathology and mutation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Toffart
- Unité d'oncologie thoracique, Service de pneumologie, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; INSERM U 1209 IAB, la Tronche, 38700, France
| | - Stéphane Asfari
- Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Mc Leer
- INSERM U 1209 IAB, la Tronche, 38700, France; pathologie moléculaire, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Reymond
- Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Adrien Jankowski
- Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Moro-Sibilot
- Unité d'oncologie thoracique, Service de pneumologie, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; INSERM U 1209 IAB, la Tronche, 38700, France
| | - Olivier Stephanov
- anatomopathologie, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Ghelfi
- Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Plateforme Anapath Recherche Synergie Lyon Cancer-Est, Département de Recherche Translationnelle et d'Innovations Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer UNICANCER Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Gilbert R Ferretti
- INSERM U 1209 IAB, la Tronche, 38700, France; Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble, France.
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26
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Alves A, Attik N, Wirth C, Bayon Y, Piat A, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K. Cellular and collagen reference values of gingival and periodontal ligament tissues in rats: a pilot study. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:145-153. [PMID: 31144029 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reference data are lacking on the periodontal ligament and the gingival tissue of the rat model, which would be useful for studies of new medical or biomaterial periodontal treatments. The objective of the current study was to propose cellular and collagen reference values of gingival and periodontal ligament tissues in rat, using a simple and reliable quantitative method after decalcification. Mandibular samples of ten adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Mild decalcification was carried out using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to preserve the morphology of tissues. Half of the samples were decalcified and the other half were not. The gingiva and the periodontal ligament were analyzed. Descriptive histology and computer-assisted image analysis were performed. The data showed that qualitatively, cellular and extracellular matrix morphologies were well preserved compared to non-decalcified periodontal soft tissue biopsies. Histomorphometrically, constitutive cellularity and the total amount of native collagen, collagen directionality and collagen anisotropy in both experimental conditions did not significantly differ. Taken together, these results suggested that EDTA decalcification did not negatively affect the studied endpoints. Moreover, this mild decalcification method allowed in situ maintenance of the periodontal soft and hard tissue integrity. The structural and compositional computerized assessment performed in the healthy periodontal soft tissue could provide reference values that will be required for future assessment on the effects of pathological, reparative and regenerative processes in rat periodontal soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Alves
- NAMSA, 115 chemin de l'Islon, 38670, Chasse-sur-Rhône, France.,Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Carine Wirth
- NAMSA, 115 chemin de l'Islon, 38670, Chasse-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic-Sofradim Production, 116 Avenue du Formans, 01600, Trévoux, France
| | - Alexis Piat
- Département Biosciences, INSA, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
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27
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Bogoevski K, Woloszyk A, Blackwood K, Woodruff MA, Glatt V. Tissue Morphology and Antigenicity in Mouse and Rat Tibia: Comparing 12 Different Decalcification Conditions. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:545-561. [PMID: 31090479 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419850099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional bone decalcification is a time-consuming process and is therefore unsuitable for clinical applications and time-limited research projects. Consequently, we compared the effect of four different decalcification solutions applied at three different temperatures, and assessed the rate of decalcification and the implications on tissue morphology and antigenicity of mouse and rat tibiae. Bones were decalcified with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% formic acid, 5% hydrochloric acid, and 5% nitric acid at 4C, 25C, and 37C. Decalcification in both species was fastest in nitric acid at 37C and slowest in EDTA at 4C. Histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the conventional protocols of EDTA at 4C and 25C remain the best option regarding the quality of tissue preservation. Whereas formic acid at 4C is a good alternative saving about 90% of the decalcification time, hydrochloric and nitric acids should be avoided particularly in case of rat tibia. By contrast, due to their smaller size, mouse tibiae had shorter decalcification times and tolerated higher temperatures and exposure to acids much better. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that depending on the specific research question and sample size, alternative decalcification methods could be used to decrease the time of decalcification while maintaining histological accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofor Bogoevski
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna Woloszyk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Keith Blackwood
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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28
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Thompson MA, Godden JJ, Wham D, Ruggeri A, Mullane MP, Wilson A, Virani S, Weissman SM, Ramczyk B, Vanderwall P, Weese JL. Coordinating an Oncology Precision Medicine Clinic Within an Integrated Health System: Lessons Learned in Year One. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2019; 6:36-45. [PMID: 31414022 PMCID: PMC6676755 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a term describing strategies to promote health and prevent and treat disease based on an individual's genetic, molecular, and lifestyle characteristics. Oncology precision medicine (OPM) is a cancer treatment approach targeting cancer-specific genetic and molecular alterations. Implementation of an OPM clinical program optimally involves the support and collaboration of multiple departments, including administration, medical oncology, pathology, interventional radiology, genetics, research, and informatics. In this review, we briefly introduce the published evidence regarding OPM's potential effect on patient outcomes and discuss what we have learned over the first year of operating an OPM program within an integrated health care system (Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI) comprised of multiple hospitals and clinics. We also report our experience implementing a specific OPM software platform used to embed molecular panel data into patients' electronic medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Thompson
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
- Aurora Cancer Care, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Deborah Wham
- Aurora Cancer Care, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Amanda Wilson
- Pathology, Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Scott M. Weissman
- Aurora Cancer Care, Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
- Chicago Genetic Consultants, LLC, Northbrook, IL
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29
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Ersek JL, Black LJ, Thompson MA, Kim ES. Implementing Precision Medicine Programs and Clinical Trials in the Community-Based Oncology Practice: Barriers and Best Practices. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:188-196. [PMID: 30231363 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been a rapid uptick in the pace of oncology precision medicine advancements over the past several decades as a result of increasingly sophisticated technology and the ability to study more patients through innovative trial designs. As more precision oncology approaches are developed, the need for precision medicine trials is increasing in the community setting, where most patients with cancer are treated. However, community-based practices, as well as some academic centers, may face unique barriers to implementing precision medicine programs and trials within their communities. Such challenges include understanding the tissue needs of molecular tests (e.g., tumor, blood), identifying which molecular tests are best used and when tissue should be tested, interpreting the test results and determining actionability, understanding the role of genetic counseling and/or follow-up testing, determining clinical trial eligibility, and assessing patient attitudes and financial concerns. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to community-based oncology practices currently conducting clinical trials who want to expand their research program to include precision medicine trials. Here, we describe the core components of precision medicine programs and offer best practices for successful implementation of precision medicine trials in community-based practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ersek
- From the Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Lora J Black
- From the Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael A Thompson
- From the Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Edward S Kim
- From the Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI
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30
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Precision Medicine Starts With Preanalytics: Real-Time Assessment of Tissue Fixation Quality by Ultrasound Time-of-Flight Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:160-167. [PMID: 28027117 PMCID: PMC5359782 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Personalized medicine promises diagnosis and treatment of disease at the individual level and relies heavily on clinical specimen integrity and diagnostic assay quality. Preanalytics, the collection and handling steps of a clinical specimen before immunohistochemistry or other clinical assay, are critically important to enable the correct diagnosis of disease. However, the effects of preanalytics are often overlooked due to a lack of standardization and limited assessment tools to quantify their variation. Here, we report a novel real-time ultrasound time-of-flight instrument that is capable of monitoring and imaging the critical step in formalin fixation, diffusion of the fixative into tissue, which provides a quantifiable quality metric for tissue fixation in the clinical laboratory ensuring consistent downstream molecular assay results. We analyzed hundreds of tissue specimens from 34 distinct human tissue types and 12 clinically relevant diseased tissues for diffusion and fixation metrics. Our measurements can be converted into tissue diffusivity constants that correlate with the apparent diffusion constant calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (R2=0.83), despite the differences in the approaches, indicating that our approach is biophysically plausible. Using data collected from time-of-flight analysis of many tissues, we have therefore developed a novel rapid fixation program that could ensure high-quality downstream assay results for a broad range of human tissue types.
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31
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Wlodek C, Lecerf P, Andre J, Ruben BS, de Berker D. An international survey about nail histology processing techniques. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:749-756. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Lecerf
- CHU Brugmann; Université Librede Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Josette Andre
- CHU Saint-Pierre; Université Librede Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Beth S. Ruben
- University of California; San Francisco and Palo Alto Medical Foundation; Palo Alto California
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32
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Kim J, Park WY, Kim NKD, Jang SJ, Chun SM, Sung CO, Choi J, Ko YH, Choi YL, Shim HS, Won JK. Good Laboratory Standards for Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing Cancer Panel Tests. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:191-204. [PMID: 28535585 PMCID: PMC5445206 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently emerged as an essential component of personalized cancer medicine due to its high throughput and low per-base cost. However, no sufficient guidelines for implementing NGS as a clinical molecular pathology test are established in Korea. To ensure clinical grade quality without inhibiting adoption of NGS, a taskforce team assembled by the Korean Society of Pathologists developed laboratory guidelines for NGS cancer panel testing procedures and requirements for clinical implementation of NGS. This consensus standard proposal consists of two parts: laboratory guidelines and requirements for clinical NGS laboratories. The laboratory guidelines part addressed several important issues across multistep NGS cancer panel tests including choice of gene panel and platform, sample handling, nucleic acid management, sample identity tracking, library preparation, sequencing, analysis and reporting. Requirements for clinical NGS tests were summarized in terms of documentation, validation, quality management, and other required written policies. Together with appropriate pathologist training and international laboratory standards, these laboratory standards would help molecular pathology laboratories to successfully implement NGS cancer panel tests in clinic. In this way, the oncology community would be able to help patients to benefit more from personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, , Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung K. D. Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, , Korea
| | - Sung-Min Chun
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, , Korea
| | - Chang-Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, , Korea
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Sup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - The Molecular Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, , Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Deng G, Niu K, Zhou F, Li B, Kang Y, Liu X, Hu J, Li B, Wang Q, Yi C, Wang Q. Treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head using porous Se@SiO 2 nanocomposites to suppress reactive oxygen species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43914. [PMID: 28256626 PMCID: PMC5335566 DOI: 10.1038/srep43914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress (ROS) have been demonstrated effective for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (steroid-induced ONFH). Selenium (Se) plays an important role in suppressing oxidative stress and has huge potential in ONFH treatments. However the Se has a narrow margin between beneficial and toxic effects which make it hard for therapy use in vivo. In order to make the deficiency up, a control release of Se (Se@SiO2) were realized by nanotechnology modification. Porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposites have favorable biocompatibility and can reduced the ROS damage effectively. In vitro, the cck-8 analysis, terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stain and flow cytometry analysis showed rare negative influence by porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposites but significantly protective effect against H2O2 by reducing ROS level (detected by DCFH-DA). In vivo, the biosafety of porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposites were confirmed by the serum biochemistry, the ROS level in serum were significantly reduced and the curative effect were confirmed by Micro CT scan, serum Elisa assay (inflammatory factors), Western blotting (quantitative measurement of ONFH) and HE staining. It is expected that the porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposites may prevent steroid-induced ONFH by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Buxiao Li
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Kang
- Department of Radiology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiugen Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Chengqing Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Wiśniewska-Chudy E, Szylberg Ł, Dworacki G, Mizera-Nyczak E, Marszałek A. pSTAT5 and ERK exhibit different expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2295-2307. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Deans ZC, Costa JL, Cree I, Dequeker E, Edsjö A, Henderson S, Hummel M, Ligtenberg MJ, Loddo M, Machado JC, Marchetti A, Marquis K, Mason J, Normanno N, Rouleau E, Schuuring E, Snelson KM, Thunnissen E, Tops B, Williams G, van Krieken H, Hall JA. Integration of next-generation sequencing in clinical diagnostic molecular pathology laboratories for analysis of solid tumours; an expert opinion on behalf of IQN Path ASBL. Virchows Arch 2017; 470:5-20. [PMID: 27678269 PMCID: PMC5243883 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-2025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The clinical demand for mutation detection within multiple genes from a single tumour sample requires molecular diagnostic laboratories to develop rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive, accurate and parallel testing within tight budget constraints. To meet this demand, many laboratories employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on small amplicons. Building on existing publications and general guidance for the clinical use of NGS and learnings from germline testing, the following guidelines establish consensus standards for somatic diagnostic testing, specifically for identifying and reporting mutations in solid tumours. These guidelines cover the testing strategy, implementation of testing within clinical service, sample requirements, data analysis and reporting of results. In conjunction with appropriate staff training and international standards for laboratory testing, these consensus standards for the use of NGS in molecular pathology of solid tumours will assist laboratories in implementing NGS in clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandra C Deans
- UK NEQAS for Molecular Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK.
| | - Jose Luis Costa
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/IPATIMUP Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ian Cree
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Els Dequeker
- Biomedical Quality Assurance Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anders Edsjö
- Clinical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shirley Henderson
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany and the DGP, German Society of Pathology, Charite, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marjolijn Jl Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Loddo
- Oncologica UK Ltd, Suite 15-16, The Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Jose Carlos Machado
- i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/IPATIMUP Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Katherine Marquis
- Oncologica UK Ltd, Suite 15-16, The Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Joanne Mason
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumouri "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Genetic and Pathology Molecular Service, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Keeda-Marie Snelson
- Oncologica UK Ltd, Suite 15-16, The Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Tops
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gareth Williams
- Oncologica UK Ltd, Suite 15-16, The Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Hall
- International Quality Network for Pathology (IQN Path) Association Sans But Lucratif (A.S.B.L), 17 Boulevard Royal, L2449, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Pyo JY, Kim J, Choi SE, Shin E, Yang SW, Park CS, Kim SM, Hong S. Extremely Well-Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Resembling Adenomatous Hyperplasia Can Metastasize to the Skull: A Case Report. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:255-258. [PMID: 27873522 PMCID: PMC5122646 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings and clinical manifestations of a rare case of an extremely well differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (EWD-PTC). Similarly, it is also difficult to diagnose follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), whose diagnosis is still met with controversy. A recently reported entity of well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) is added to the diagnostic spectrum harboring EWD-PTC and FVPTC. We report this case, because EWD-PTC is different from FVPTC in its papillary architecture, and also from WDT-UMP in its recurrence and metastatic pattern. These morphologically deceptive entities harbored diagnostic difficulties in the past because the diagnosis depended solely on histology. However, they are now diagnosed with more certainty by virtue of immunohistochemical and molecular studies. We experienced a case of EWD-PTC, which had been diagnosed as adenomatous hyperplasia 20 years ago and manifested recurrence with lymph node (LN) metastasis 7 years later. After another 7 years of follow-up, a new thyroid lesion had developed, diagnosed as FVPTC, with LN metastasis of EWD-PTC. One year later, the patient developed metastatic FVPTC in the skull. Immunohistochemically, the EWD-PTC was focally positive for CK19, negative for galectin-3, and focally negative for CD56. Molecular studies revealed BRAF-positivity and K-RAS negativity. The FVPTC in the left thyroid showed both BRAF and K-RAS negativity. In conclusion, EWD-PTC and FVPTC share similar histologic features, but they are different tumors with different molecular biologic and clinical manifestations. A large cohort of EWD-PTC should be included in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunah Shin
- Department of Pathology, CHA Gangnam Hospital, CHA University Medical School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Woo Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei MokGu Clinic, Seosan, Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Mo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonwon Hong
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Park JY, Han KH. Analysis of the Effects of Bone Marrow Biopsy Decalcification Methods on Histopathological Examination. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Distinguishing between Microbial Habitats Unravels Ecological Complexity in Coral Microbiomes. mSystems 2016; 1:mSystems00143-16. [PMID: 27822559 PMCID: PMC5080407 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00143-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse prokaryotic communities associated with reef-building corals may provide important ecological advantages to their threatened hosts. The consistency of relationships between corals and specific prokaryotes, however, is debated, and the locations where microbially mediated processes occur in the host are not resolved. Here, we examined how the prokaryotic associates of five common Caribbean corals with different evolutionary and ecological traits differ across mucus and tissue habitats. We used physical and chemical separation of coral mucus and tissue and sequencing of partial small-subunit rRNA genes of bacteria and archaea from these samples to demonstrate that coral tissue and mucus harbor unique reservoirs of prokaryotes, with 23 to 49% and 31 to 56% of sequences exclusive to the tissue and mucus habitats, respectively. Across all coral species, we found that 46 tissue- and 22 mucus-specific microbial members consistently associated with the different habitats. Sequences classifying as "Candidatus Amoebophilus," Bacteroidetes-affiliated intracellular symbionts of amoebae, emerged as previously unrecognized tissue associates of three coral species. This study demonstrates how coral habitat differentiation enables highly resolved examination of ecological interactions between corals and their associated microorganisms and identifies previously unrecognized tissue and mucus associates of Caribbean corals for future targeted study. IMPORTANCE This study demonstrates that coral tissue or mucus habitats structure the microbiome of corals and that separation of these habitats facilitates identification of consistent microbial associates. Using this approach, we demonstrated that sequences related to "Candidatus Amoebophilus," recognized intracellular symbionts of amoebae, were highly associated with the tissues of Caribbean corals and possibly endosymbionts of a protistan host within corals, adding a further degree of intricacy to coral holobiont symbioses. Examining specific habitats within complex hosts such as corals is useful for targeting important microbial associations that may otherwise be masked by the sheer microbial diversity associated with all host habitats.
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[Protocol for the study of bone tumours and standardization of pathology reports]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2016; 50:34-44. [PMID: 29179963 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary bone neoplasms represent a rare and heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours. The prevalence of benign and malignant tumours varies; the latter (sarcomas) account for less than 0.2% of all malignant tumours. Primary bone neoplasms are usually diagnosed and classified according to the criteria established and published by the World Health Organization (WHO 2013). These criteria are a result of advances in molecular pathology, which complements the histopathological diagnosis. Bone tumours should be diagnosed and treated in referral centers by a multidisciplinary team including pathologists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and oncologists. We analyzed different national and international protocols in order to provide a guide of recommendations for the improvement of pathological evaluation and management of bone tumours. We include specific recommendations for the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases, as well as protocols for gross and microscopic pathology.
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40
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Aisner DL, Rumery MD, Merrick DT, Kondo KL, Nijmeh H, Linderman DJ, Doebele RC, Thomas N, Chesnut PC, Varella-Garcia M, Franklin WA, Camidge DR. Do More With Less: Tips and Techniques for Maximizing Small Biopsy and Cytology Specimens for Molecular and Ancillary Testing: The University of Colorado Experience. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:1206-1220. [PMID: 27610643 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0156-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Context .- In an era in which testing of patient tumor material for molecular and other ancillary studies is of increasing clinical importance for selection of therapy, the ability to test on small samplings becomes critical. Often, small samplings are rapidly depleted in the diagnostic workup or are insufficient for multiple ancillary testing approaches. Objective .- To describe technical methodologies that can be implemented to preserve and maximize tissue for molecular and other ancillary testing. Data Sources .- Retrospective analysis of a case cohort from the University of Colorado, description of techniques used at the University of Colorado, and published literature. Conclusions .- Numerous techniques can be deployed to maximize molecular and other ancillary testing, even when specimens are from small samplings. A dedicated process for molecular prioritization has a high success rate, but also increases workload, which must be factored into establishing such a process. Additionally, establishing high-fidelity communication strings is critical for success of dedicated molecular prioritization of samples. Numerous approaches can be deployed for alternative specimen types, and several technical approaches can also aid in maximizing small specimens.
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How we do: optimizing bone marrow biopsy logistics for sign-out within 2 days. J Hematop 2016; 9:67-71. [PMID: 27398101 PMCID: PMC4912573 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-016-0270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of fast diagnostic tracks in many areas of oncology, the traditional processing of bone marrow biopsies (BMB), requiring either resin embedding or lengthy fixation and decalcification, is due to an upgrade. Thanks to a growing number of new commercially available tissue processors, microwave-enhanced processing is becoming a standard tool in the pathology laboratory, allowing rapid fixation and decalcification of BMB with preserved morphology and antigens. In this short report, we describe the use of a commercially available EDTA-based decalcification fluid (USEDECALC, Medite, Orlando, USA) in combination with the LOGOS J (Milestone, Bergamo, Italy), a closed microwave-enhanced tissue processor, for overnight fixation, decalcification, and paraffin impregnation of the BMB. This allows next-day reporting without impaired morphology or immunohistochemistry, and even improved DNA quality of the BMB.
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Choi MS, Lee H, Kwon HC, Bae MH, Ko YH, Kim HJ, Lee BS, Koo BK. Optimal Fixation and Decalcification Methods for Bone Marrow Biopsy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sub Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunsup Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Chul Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Moon-Hwan Bae
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Young-Hye Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Beom-Se Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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