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Koh ES, Chung S. Recent Update on Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Transition. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:247-256. [PMID: 38653563 PMCID: PMC11045347 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decline of excretory kidney function. The incidence of AKI has increased in the past decades. Patients diagnosed with AKI often undergo diverse clinical trajectories, such as early or late recovery, relapses, and even a potential transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although recent clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between AKI and progression of CKD, our understanding of the complex relationship between AKI and CKD is still evolving. No cohort study has succeeded in painting a comprehensive picture of these multi-faceted pathways. To address this lack of understanding, the idea of acute kidney disease (AKD) has recently been proposed. This presents a new perspective to pinpoint a period of heightened vulnerability following AKI, during which a patient could witness a substantial decline in glomerular filtration rate, ultimately leading to CKD transition. Although AKI is included in a range of kidney conditions collectively known as AKD, spanning from mild and self-limiting to severe and persistent, AKD can also occur without a rapid onset usually seen in AKI, such as when kidney dysfunction slowly evolves. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings about AKD, explore the current state of biomarker discovery related to AKD, discuss the latest insights into pathophysiological underpinnings of AKI to CKD transition, and reflect on therapeutic challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Koh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Abdelrahman Z, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genetic and Epigenetic Associations with Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:503. [PMID: 38674437 PMCID: PMC11050138 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication of solid organ transplantation. PTDM prevalence varies due to different diabetes definitions. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of PTDM have been published based on random blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The task of diagnosing PTDM continues to pose challenges, given the potential for diabetes to manifest at different time points after transplantation, thus demanding constant clinical vigilance and repeated testing. Interpreting HbA1c levels can be challenging after renal transplantation. Pre-transplant risk factors for PTDM include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, ethnicity (e.g., African-Caribbean or South Asian ancestry), and genetic risk factors. Risk factors for PTDM include immunosuppressive drugs, weight gain, hepatitis C, and cytomegalovirus infection. There is also emerging evidence that genetic and epigenetic variation in the organ transplant recipient may influence the risk of developing PTDM. This review outlines many known risk factors for PTDM and details some of the pathways, genetic variants, and epigenetic features associated with PTDM. Improved understanding of established and emerging risk factors may help identify people at risk of developing PTDM and may reduce the risk of developing PTDM or improve the management of this complication of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Alexander Peter Maxwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
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3
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Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Yan X, Wu C, Qing L, He Z, Chen Q, Huang M, Zhao J, Cao M. Urolithin B alleviates Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13016. [PMID: 37623311 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Active eradication of H. pylori infection is rare due to the fact that most infected patients are asymptomatic and the use of large amounts of antibiotics in eradication therapy leads to severe side effects. Urolithin B (UB) is an additional major intestinal metabolite of ellagic acid (EA), which has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic biological activities. Preventing the incidence of H. pylori-related gastric disease and reducing the damage to the host by H. pylori is a current approach to control H. pylori infection. In this study, we explored the effect of UB on H. pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of UB on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by H. pylori in vivo and in vitro were investigated by qPCR, ELISA, HE staining, IHC staining, etc. RESULTS: UB reduced the adhesion and colonization of H. pylori and improved H. pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, UB had better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects than clarithromycin (CLR) and metronidazole (MET). In addition to inhibiting the secretion of CagA, UB reduced tissue damage by H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS UB was effective in improving damage caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting Qing
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongyu He
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Huang
- Irradiation Preservation Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Cao
- Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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4
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Kumar P, Brooks HL. Sex-specific epigenetic programming in renal fibrosis and inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F578-F594. [PMID: 37560775 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00091.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity along with an aging population is leading to a higher incidence of renal diseases in society. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized mainly by persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and gradual loss of renal function leading to renal failure. Sex is a known contributor to the differences in incidence and progression of CKD. Epigenetic programming is an essential regulator of renal physiology and is critically involved in the pathophysiology of renal injury and fibrosis. Epigenetic signaling integrates intrinsic and extrinsic signals onto the genome, and various environmental and hormonal stimuli, including sex hormones, which regulate gene expression and downstream cellular responses. The most extensively studied epigenetic alterations that play a critical role in renal damage include histone modifications and DNA methylation. Notably, these epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them candidates for potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of renal diseases. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in epigenetic modulation of renal fibrosis and inflammation and highlight some possible epigenetic therapeutic strategies for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Pimenta R, Camargo JA, Gonçalves GL, Ghazarian V, Candido P, Guimarães VR, Romão P, Chiovatto C, da Silva KS, Dos Santos GA, Silva IA, Nahas WC, Leite KR, Pessoa AFM, Viana NI, Reis ST. Overexpression of miR-17-5p may negatively impact p300/CBP factor-associated inflammation in a hypercholesterolemic advanced prostate cancer model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7333-7345. [PMID: 37439896 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that cholesterol triggers the increase in p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), targeted by miR-17-5p. The p300, IL-6, PCAF, and miR-17-5p genes have important and contradictory roles in inflammation and prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of miR-17-5 in an advanced PCa model with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, using the PC-3 cell line, we show that induction of miR-17-5p reduces p300 and PCAF expression, increases apoptosis, and decreases cell migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing this same cell with cholesterol (2 µg/mL) triggers increased p300, IL-6, and PCAF. In vivo, after establishing the hypercholesterolemic (HCOL) model, xenografts were treated with miR-17-5p. Increased expression of this miR after intratumoral injections attenuated tumor growth in the control and HCOL animals and reduced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that inducing miR-17-5p expression suppresses tumor growth and inflammatory mediator expression. Further studies should be conducted to fully explore the role of miR-17-5p and the involvement of inflammatory mediators p300, PCAF, and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana A Camargo
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vitória Ghazarian
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Candido
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Guimarães
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Caroline Chiovatto
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, 04263-200, Brazil
| | - Karina Serafim da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, 04263-200, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Dos Santos
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran A Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - William C Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Institute of Cancer Estate of Sao Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Kátia R Leite
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Viana
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - UEMG, Avenida Juca Stockler, Passos, MG, 1130, Brasil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° floor, room 2145, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, SP, 01246- 903, Brazil
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Li J, Ye F, Xu X, Xu P, Wang P, Zheng G, Ye G, Yu W, Su Z, Lin J, Che Y, Liu Z, Feng P, Cao Q, Li D, Xie Z, Wu Y, Shen H. Targeting macrophage M1 polarization suppression through PCAF inhibition alleviates autoimmune arthritis via synergistic NF-κB and H3K9Ac blockade. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:280. [PMID: 37598147 PMCID: PMC10439630 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained inflammatory invasion leads to joint damage and progressive disability in several autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In recent decades, targeting M1 macrophage polarization has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune arthritis. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that exhibits a strong positive relationship with the proinflammatory microenvironment. However, whether PCAF mediates M1 macrophage polarization remains poorly studied, and whether targeting PCAF can protect against autoimmune arthritis in vivo remains unclear. Commonly used drugs can cause serious side effects in patients because of their extensive and nonspecific distribution in the human body. One strategy for overcoming this challenge is to develop drug nanocarriers that target the drug to desirable regions and reduce the fraction of drug that reaches undesirable targets. In this study, we demonstrated that PCAF inhibition could effectively inhibit M1 polarization and alleviate arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) via synergistic NF-κB and H3K9Ac blockade. We further designed dextran sulfate (DS)-based nanoparticles (DSNPs) carrying garcinol (a PCAF inhibitor) to specifically target M1 macrophages in inflamed joints of the CIA mouse model via SR-A-SR-A ligand interactions. Compared to free garcinol, garcinol-loaded DSNPs selectively targeted M1 macrophages in inflamed joints and significantly improved therapeutic efficacy in vivo. In summary, our study indicates that targeted PCAF inhibition with nanoparticles might be a promising strategy for treating autoimmune arthritis via M1 macrophage polarization inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Peitao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Pei Feng
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qian Cao
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dateng Li
- 121 Westmoreland Ave, 10606 White Plains, NY USA
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ankylosing Spondylitis, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
- Guangdong Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, 518003 Shenzhen, PR China
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7
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Jaganathan R, Kumaradhas P. Binding mechanism of anacardic acid, carnosol and garcinol with PCAF: A comprehensive study using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:731-742. [PMID: 36966470 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The p300/CBP associated factor bromodomain (PCAF Brd) is emerged as one of the promising target proteins for different types of cancers. PCAF is one among the histone acetyltransferase enzymes which involved in the regulation of transcriptase process by modifying the chromatin structure. Anacardic acid, carnosol, garcinol are the experimentally reported inhibitors of PCAF Brd; however, their detailed binding mechanism these inhibitors are not yet known. The intermolecular interaction, binding energy, and the stability of these inhibitors with the active site of PCAF Brd are playing the key role in the binding of these inhibitors with PCAF. The in silico study incorporates the molecular docking and dynamics simulations; these molecular level simulations allow to understand the binding mechanism. In the present study, the induced fit molecular docking and molecular dynamics of anacardic acid, carnosol and garcinol molecules against the PCAF Brd have been performed. The docking score values of these molecules are -5.112 (anacardic acid), -5.141 (carnosol), -5.199 (garcinol) and -3.641 (L45) kcal/mol, respectively. Further, the molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for these docked complexes to understand their conformational their stability and binding energy from the roots means square deviation (RMSD) and root means square of fluctuation (RMSF), and molecular mechanics with the generalized born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) binding free energy calculations. The intermolecular interactions and binding free energy values confirm that garcinol forms key interactions and has high binding affinity towards PCAF Brd on compare with the other two inhibitors. Therefore, garcinol may be considered as a potential inhibitor of PCAF Brd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Jaganathan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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8
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Kourtidou C, Tziomalos K. The Role of Histone Modifications in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066007. [PMID: 36983082 PMCID: PMC10051814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of DKD is multifactorial, with several molecular pathways implicated. Recent data suggest that histone modification plays an important role in the development and progression of DKD. Histone modification appears to induce oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the diabetic kidney. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the association between histone modification and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoula Kourtidou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Wang J, Shen F, Liu F, Zhuang S. Histone Modifications in Acute Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:466-477. [PMID: 36590679 PMCID: PMC9798838 DOI: 10.1159/000527799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of AKI is complex and multifactorial. In recent years, epigenetics has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in AKI. Summary There are several types of histone modification, including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, crotonylation, citrullination, and sumoylation. Histone modifications are associated with the transcription of many genes and activation of multiple signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI. Thus, targeting histone modification may offer novel strategies to protect kidneys from AKI and enhance kidney repair and recovery. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the modification, regulation, and implication of histone modifications in AKI. Key Messages Histone modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of AKI. Understanding of epigenetic regulation in AKI will aid in establishing the utility of pharmacologic targeting of histone modification as a potential novel therapy for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchen Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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10
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Luan J, Kopp JB, Zhou H. N6-methyladenine RNA Methylation Epigenetic Modification and Kidney Diseases. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 8:36-50. [PMID: 36644366 PMCID: PMC9831943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modification is a rapidly developing field in epigenetics. N6-methyladensine (m6A) is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. m6A group regulates RNA splicing, stability, translocation, and translation. Enzymes catalyzing this process were termed as writers, erasers, and readers. Recent studies have focused on exploring the role of RNA methylation in human diseases. RNA methylation modifications, particularly m6A, play important roles in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In this review, we provide a brief description of m6A and summarize the impact of m6A on acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and possible future study directions for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Jeffrey B. Kopp, Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 3N116, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1268, USA.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Correspondence: Hua Zhou, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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11
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He BS, Wang X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Wu CK, Guo SR, Gu YT, Li Q, Wang JH. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects of Moringa oleifera seeds on renal injury diabetic induced by streptozotocin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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12
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Tan SYX, Zhang J, Tee WW. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammation-Induced Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931493. [PMID: 35757000 PMCID: PMC9213816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics comprise a diverse array of reversible and dynamic modifications to the cell’s genome without implicating any DNA sequence alterations. Both the external environment surrounding the organism, as well as the internal microenvironment of cells and tissues, contribute to these epigenetic processes that play critical roles in cell fate specification and organismal development. On the other hand, dysregulation of epigenetic activities can initiate and sustain carcinogenesis, which is often augmented by inflammation. Chronic inflammation, one of the major hallmarks of cancer, stems from proinflammatory cytokines that are secreted by tumor and tumor-associated cells in the tumor microenvironment. At the same time, inflammatory signaling can establish positive and negative feedback circuits with chromatin to modulate changes in the global epigenetic landscape. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the interconnected crosstalk between epigenetics and inflammation, specifically how epigenetic mechanisms at different hierarchical levels of the genome control inflammatory gene transcription, which in turn enact changes within the cell’s epigenomic profile, especially in the context of inflammation-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Ying Xuan Tan
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Maddie N, Johnson CM, Burke C, Lutz O, Yakoub B, Kramer B, Persand D. Vascular hyperacetylation is associated with vascular smooth muscle dysfunction in a rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes. Mol Med 2022; 28:30. [PMID: 35260080 PMCID: PMC8902773 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction which contributes to the development of vasculopathy, associated with the highest degree of morbidity of T2DM. Lysine acetylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), has been associated with metabolic diseases and its complications. Whether levels of global lysine acetylation are altered in vasculature from advanced T2DM remains undetermined. We hypothesized that VSMC undergoes dysregulation in advanced T2DM which is associated with vascular hyperacetylation. Methods Aged male Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese murine model of T2DM, and age-matched male Wistar rats (control group) were used in this study. Thoracic aortas were isolated and examined for measurement of global levels of lysine acetylation, and vascular reactivity studies were conducted using a wire myograph. Direct arterial blood pressure was assessed by carotid catheterization. Cultured human VSMCs were used to investigate whether lysine acetylation participates in high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), a crucial factor triggering diabetic vascular dysfunction. Results The GK rats exhibited marked glucose intolerance as well as insulin resistance. Cardiovascular complications in GK rats were confirmed by elevated arterial blood pressure and reduced VSMC-dependent vasorelaxation. These complications were correlated with high levels of vascular global lysine acetylation. Human VSMC cultures incubated under high glucose conditions displayed elevated ROS levels and increased global lysine acetylation. Inhibition of hyperacetylation by garcinol, a lysine acetyltransferase and p300/CBP association factor (PCAF) inhibitor, reduced high glucose-induced ROS production in VSMC. Conclusion This study provides evidence that vascular hyperacetylation is associated with VSMC dysfunction in advanced T2DM. Understanding lysine acetylation regulation in blood vessels from diabetics may provide insight into the mechanisms of diabetic vascular dysfunction, and opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to treat diabetic vascular complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00441-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA.
| | - Nicole Maddie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Christina Mary Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Cameron Burke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Osina Lutz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Bamwa Yakoub
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
| | - Benjamin Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dhandevi Persand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA
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Tanemoto F, Mimura I. Therapies Targeting Epigenetic Alterations in Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020123. [PMID: 35215236 PMCID: PMC8877070 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) was previously thought to be a merely transient event; however, recent epidemiological evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between AKI episodes and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the pathophysiology of this AKI-to-CKD transition is not fully understood, it is mediated by the interplay among multiple components of the kidney including tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, inflammatory cells, and myofibroblasts. Epigenetic alterations including histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin conformational changes, are also expected to be largely involved in the pathophysiology as a “memory” of the initial injury that can persist and predispose to chronic progression of fibrosis. Each epigenetic modification has a great potential as a therapeutic target of AKI-to-CKD transition; timely and target-specific epigenetic interventions to the various temporal stages of AKI-to-CKD transition will be the key to future therapeutic applications in clinical practice. This review elaborates on the latest knowledge of each mechanism and the currently available therapeutic agents that target epigenetic modification in the context of AKI-to-CKD transition. Further studies will elucidate more detailed mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets of AKI-to-CKD transition.
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15
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Dong L, Yu L, Zhong J. Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 induced renal fibrosis via decreasing sirtuin 3 expression and activating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:2. [PMID: 34983623 PMCID: PMC8725532 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a flavin-containing amino oxidase that can repress or activate transcription. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of LSD1 aggravating DN-induced renal fibrosis. METHODS The STZ-induced DN rat model was established for in vivo study. The rats were divided into four groups: Sham, STZ, STZ + Ad-shNC and Ad-shLSD1. The Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the renal injury. The Immunofluorescence assay was used to determine the LSD1, Fibronectin and α-SMA expression. The related protein expression was detected by western blot. RESULTS Knockdown of LSD1 alleviated STZ-induced renal injury. Moreover, knockdown of LSD1 decreased the expression of serum biochemical markers, containing urine output (24 h), urinary protein (24 h), serum creatinine, BUN and UACR. Furthermore, we proved that knockdown of LSD1 alleviated renal fibrosis in STZ-induced DN rats. In vitro, knockdown of LSD1 suppressed NRK-49F cells activation and overexpression of LSD1 induced renal fibrosis. In addition, knockdown of LSD1 could deactivate TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and promote sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression in vivo and in vitro. The rescue experiments confirmed that LSD1 induced renal fibrosis via decreasing SIRT3 expression and activating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION LSD1 deficiency leads to alleviate STZ-induced renal injury and overexpression of LSD1 induces renal fibrosis via decreasing SIRT3 expression and activating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which provides a reasonable strategy for developing novel drugs targeting LDS1 to block renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Panxiqizhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, China.
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(-)-Methyl-Oleocanthal, a New Oleocanthal Metabolite Reduces LPS-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Response: Molecular Signaling Pathways and Histones Epigenetic Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010056. [PMID: 35052558 PMCID: PMC8772879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses of (−)-methyl-oleocanthal (met-OLE), a new metabolite of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolic oleocanthal (OLE), were explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine peritoneal macrophages. Possible signaling pathways and epigenetic modulation of histones were studied. Met-OLE inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite (NO) production and decreased the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2, mPGES-1 and iNOS in murine macrophages. In addition, met-OLE was able to significantly decrease the activation of p38, JNK, and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and blocked canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways. On the contrary, met-OLE upregulated haem oxigenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) expression in treated cells. Finally, met-OLE pretreated spleen cells counteracted LPS induction, preventing H3K18 acetylation or H3K9 and H3K27 demethylation. Overall, these results provide novel mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of met-OLE regarding the regulation of the immune–inflammatory response through epigenetic changes in histone markers. This revealing evidence suggests that the methylated metabolite of OLE may contribute significantly to the beneficial effects that are associated with the secoiridoid-related compound and the usual consumption of EVOO.
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17
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a common microvascular complication with a high incidence in diabetic patients, greatly increases the mortality of patients. With further study on DN, it is found that epigenetics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of DN. Epigenetics has an important impact on the development of DN through a variety of mechanisms, and promotes the generation and maintenance of metabolic memory, thus ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. In this review we discuss the methylation of DNA, modification of histone, and regulation of non-coding RNA involved in the progress of cell dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney, which ultimately lead to the deterioration of DN.
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18
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SETD2-mediated epigenetic regulation of noncanonical Wnt5A during osteoclastogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:192. [PMID: 34663428 PMCID: PMC8522097 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the role of SETD2 in the WNT5a signaling in the context of osteoclastogenesis, we exploited two different models: in vitro osteoclast differentiation, and K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model. We found that SETD2 and WNT5a were upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and after induction of arthritis. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches in the myeloid cell, we confirmed that SETD2 regulated the osteoclast markers, and WNT5a via modulating active histone marks by enriching H3K36me3, and by reducing repressive H3K27me3 mark. Additionally, during osteoclastic differentiation, the transcription of Wnt5a was also associated with the active histone H3K9 and H4K8 acetylations. Mechanistically, SETD2 directed induction of NF-κβ expression facilitated the recruitment of H3K9Ac and H4K8Ac around the TSS region of the Wnt5a gene, thereby, assisting osteoclast differentiation. Together these findings for the first time revealed that SETD2 mediated epigenetic regulation of Wnt5a plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis and induced arthritis. Model for the Role of SETD2 dependent regulation of osteoclastic differentiation. A In monocyte cells SETD2-dependent H3K36 trimethylation help to create open chromatin region along with active enhancer mark, H3K27Ac. This chromatin state facilitated the loss of a suppressive H3K27me3 mark. B Additionally, SETD2 mediated induction of NF-κβ expression leads to the recruitment of histone acetyl transferases, P300/PCAF, to the Wnt5a gene and establish H3K9Ac and H4K8Ac marks. Along with other activation marks, these acetylation marks help in Wnt5a transcription which leads to osteoclastogenesis.
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Copur S, Rossing P, Afsar B, Sag AA, Siriopol D, Kuwabara M, Ortiz A, Kanbay M. A primer on metabolic memory: why existing diabesity treatments fail. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:756-767. [PMID: 34512957 PMCID: PMC8422888 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite massive government and private sector investments into prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, efforts have largely failed, and the burden of cost remains in the treatment of downstream morbidity and mortality, with overall stagnating outcomes. A new paradigm shift in the approach to these patients may explain why existing treatment strategies fail, and offer new treatment targets. This review aims to provide a clinician-centred primer on metabolic memory, defined as the sum of irreversible genetic, epigenetic, cellular and tissue-level alterations that occur with long-time exposure to metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Alan A Sag
- Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrie Siriopol
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- School of Medicine, Dialysis Unit, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Follistatin-Like-1 (FSTL1) Is a Fibroblast-Derived Growth Factor That Contributes to Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179513. [PMID: 34502419 PMCID: PMC8431028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incomplete. Microarray analysis of kidneys at 4 and 7 weeks of age in Col4a3-/- mice, a model of progressive nephropathy characterized by proteinuria, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, revealed that Follistatin-like-1 (Fstl1) was one of only four genes significantly overexpressed at 4 weeks of age. mRNA levels for the Fstl1 receptors, Tlr4 and Dip2a, increased in both Col4a-/- mice and mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). RNAscope® (Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Newark CA, USA) localized Fstl1 to interstitial cells, and in silico analysis of single cell transcriptomic data from human kidneys showed Fstl1 confined to interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. In vitro, FSTL1 activated AP1 and NFκB, increased collagen I (COL1A1) and interleukin-6 (IL6) expression, and induced apoptosis in cultured kidney cells. FSTL1 expression in the NEPTUNE cohort of humans with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was positively associated with age, eGFR, and proteinuria by multiple linear regression, as well as with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Clinical disease progression, defined as dialysis or a 40 percent reduction in eGFR, was greater in patients with high baseline FSTL1 mRNA levels. FSTL1 is a fibroblast-derived cytokine linked to the progression of experimental and clinical CKD.
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21
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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22
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Shao BY, Zhang SF, Li HD, Meng XM, Chen HY. Epigenetics and Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649587. [PMID: 34025445 PMCID: PMC8131683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) leads to high morbidity and disability. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN, which involves renal cells and immune cells, the microenvironment, as well as extrinsic factors, such as hyperglycemia, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Epigenetic modifications usually regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs without altering the DNA sequence. During the past years, numerous studies have been published to reveal the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications that regulate inflammation in DN. This review aimed to summarize the latest evidence on the interplay of epigenetics and inflammation in DN, and highlight the potential targets for treatment and diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yi Shao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Wang X, Li H, Chen S, He J, Chen W, Ding Y, Huang J. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) attenuated M1 macrophage inflammatory responses possibly through KLF2 and KLF4. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:724-736. [PMID: 33768642 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes in response to environmental signals. The polarization of M1 macrophages plays an essential role in the inflammatory response. However, the specific molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response during M1 macrophage polarization remain to be further understood. Here, we found that the histone acetyltransferase P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) was a potential negative regulator of the M1 macrophage inflammatory response. During M1 macrophage polarization, the inflammatory response gradually reduced, but PCAF expression increased. Furthermore, the overexpression of PCAF significantly inhibited the expression of the M1 macrophage-related pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL10, while PCAF deficiency enhanced the expression of these genes. Furthermore, we found that PCAF overexpression suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the expression of the Krüppel-like factors (KLF) KLF2 and KLF4 through regulating their transcriptional levels. In addition, KLF2 and KLF4 deficiency reversed the PCAF-induced inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in M1 macrophages. Collectively, the present results demonstrate a potential negative regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory response during M1 macrophage polarization and propose a novel mechanism of inflammation resolution for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Chen S, He J, Chen W, Ding Y, Huang J, Huang J. Histone methyltransferases G9a mediated lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization through negatively regulating CD36. Metabolism 2021; 114:154404. [PMID: 33069810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have considered the obesity-related lipid environment as the potential cause for M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of histone methyltransferases G9a in lipids-induced M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used saturated fatty acid palmitate to induce macrophage polarization, and performed real-time PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and CHIP assay to study the function and molecular mechanism of G9a. Additionally, we isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 187 patients with type 2 diabetes and 68 healthy individuals, and analyzed the expression level of G9a. RESULTS The palmitate treatment induced the macrophage M1 polarization, and decreased the expression of G9a. The deficiency of G9a could promote the palmitate-induced M1 macrophage polarization, whereas, over-expressing G9a notably suppressed this process. Meanwhile, we observed the regulatory role of G9a on the ER stress which could contribute to M1 macrophage. Furthermore, we identified the fatty acid transport protein CD36 as the potential target of G9a. Dependent on the methyltransferase activity, G9a could negatively regulate the expression of CD36 induced by palmitate. The CD36 inhibitor SSO could significantly attenuate the regulatory effect of G9a on M1 macrophage polarization and ER stress. Importantly, G9a was decreased, and suppressed CD36 and M1 macrophage genes in the PBMCs from individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that G9a plays critical roles in lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization via negatively regulating CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Inhibition of p300 by Garcinol Protects against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Tubular Cell Death in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121271. [PMID: 33327548 PMCID: PMC7765028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modification are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). The histone acetyltransferase p300 regulates several biological processes through the acetylation of histones or transcription factors. However, the role of p300 in cisplatin-induced AKI remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of garcinol, a potent p300 inhibitor, on cisplatin-induced AKI and explored the mechanisms. Administration of garcinol significantly reversed the upregulation of p300 and increased acetylation of histone H3, along with amelioration of renal dysfunction and histopathological injury in the kidneys of cisplatin-injected mice. Garcinol also attenuated oxidative stress and reduced expression of pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition, garcinol reduced the elevated production of cytokines and chemokines and suppressed immune cell accumulation together with downregulation of vascular adhesion molecules. These beneficial effects of garcinol were associated with a reduction in acetylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-B. Further, garcinol significantly inhibited apoptosis and caspase-3 activation, with a decrease in p53 acetylation in cisplatin-injected mice. Taken together, we demonstrated that the inhibition of p300 by garcinol ameliorated cisplatin-induced renal injury, presumably through epigenetic mechanisms. These results suggest that garcinol might be a potential preventive agent for cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Wang C, Xiong M, Yang C, Yang D, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wang S, Gai Y, Lan X, Chen H, Zheng L, Huang K. PEGylated and Acylated Elabela Analogues Show Enhanced Receptor Binding, Prolonged Stability, and Remedy of Acute Kidney Injury. J Med Chem 2020; 63:16028-16042. [PMID: 33290073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), mostly caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and nephrotoxins, is characterized by rapid deterioration in renal-functions without effective drug treatment available. Through activation of a G protein-coupled receptor APJ, a furin-cleaved fragment of Elabela (ELA[22-32], E11), an endogenous APJ ligand, protects against renal I/R injury. However, the poor plasma stability and relatively weak APJ-binding ability of E11 limit its application. To address these issues, we rationally designed and synthesized a set of E11 analogues modified by palmitic acid (Pal) or polyethylene glycol; improved plasma stability and APJ-binding capacity of these analogues were achieved. In cultured renal tubular cells, these analogues protected against hypoxia-reperfusion or cisplatin-caused injury. For renal I/R-injured mice, these analogues showed improved reno-protective effects than E11; notably, Pal-E11 showed therapeutic effects at 24 h post I/R injury. These results present ELA analogues as potential therapeutic options in managing AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhou SS, Ai ZZ, Li WN, Li L, Zhu XY, Ba YM. Shenkang VII Recipe Attenuates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-induced Renal Fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad, NF-κB and SHH Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:917-930. [PMID: 32980902 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protective effects of the traditional Chinese Medicine formula Shenkang VII recipe (SK-7) on renal fibrosis and the mechanisms. Renal fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. The rats were then divided into 5 groups: control group (Sham operation), UUO model group, UUO model plus low to high doses of SK-7 (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg/day, for 14 days) groups. The animals were sacrificed on the 7th or 14th day. Kidney tissues were collected for histopathological examinations (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of collagen type III (Col III), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). The TGF-β1/Smad, NF-kB and Sonic hedgehog signaling proteins were detected by Western blotting. Our results showed that SK-7 prevented UUO-induced renal injury and accumulation of collagen fibrils. Renal fibrosis biomarkers Col III, FN, α-SMA and TIMP2 were increased in the rats after UUO and decreased by SK-7, while MMP2 was upregulated after treatment. SK-7 also suppressed the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 in UUO rats. In addition, SK-7 inhibited activation of the TGF-β/Smad, NF-κB and sonic hedgehog signaling (SHH) pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that SK-7 may regulate the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix, reduce inflammation and suppress the proliferation of fibroblasts, by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad, NF-κB and SHH signaling pathways to exert its anti-renal fibrosis effect in UUO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhong-Zhu Ai
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wei-Nan Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Liang Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Ba
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
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Liao Y, Lin X, Li J, Tan R, Zhong X, Wang L. Nodakenin alleviates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting reactive oxygen species-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 26:78-87. [PMID: 32902019 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a vital contributor to chronic kidney disease and limited therapeutic options are existed to preserve the renal injury. The research presented here investigated the protective effect of nodakenin against AKI and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The effect of nodakenin was investigated in ischaemia reperfusion-induced renal injury (IRI) of AKI mice and hypoxia-treated primary renal tubular cells. Briefly, renal functions including creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined and mechanisms associated inflammation were investigated by the advantage of immunohistochemistry, western blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS Deterioration of renal functions including and creatinine, urea nitrogen and tubular necrosis were observed in IRI-AKI model. In contrast, nodakenin strikingly alleviated the deterioration of creatinine, urea nitrogen and tubular necrosis when compared with IRI model. Moreover, nodakenin could significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α both in hypoxia-treated primary renal tubular cells and in AKI model. Mechanistic studies revealed that nodakenin dramatically suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent NLPR3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings provided a solid evidence base and a new drug option for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liao
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Tan
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Intergated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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29
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Targeting chromatin dysregulation in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:64-72. [PMID: 32900600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis leads to destruction of organ architecture accompanied by chronic inflammation and loss of function. Fibrosis affects nearly every organ in the body and accounts for ∼45% of total deaths worldwide. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the basic mechanisms leading to organ fibrosis. However, we are limited with therapeutic options and there is a significant need to develop highly effective anti-fibrotic therapies. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have advanced the burgeoning field of epigenetics towards molecular understanding at a higher resolution. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in chromatin regulatory processes, specifically DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones, and chromatin remodeling complexes in kidney, liver and lung fibrosis. Although this research field is young, we discuss new strategies for potential therapeutic interventions for treating organ fibrosis.
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30
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Fiorentino F, Mai A, Rotili D. Lysine Acetyltransferase Inhibitors From Natural Sources. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32903408 PMCID: PMC7434864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histone and non-histone protein lysine residues has been widely described as a critical modulator of several cell functions in humans. Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) catalyse the transfer of acetyl groups on substrate proteins and are involved in multiple physiological processes such as cell signalling, metabolism, gene regulation, and apoptosis. Given the pivotal role of acetylation, the alteration of KATs enzymatic activity has been clearly linked to various cellular dysfunctions leading to several inflammatory, metabolic, neurological, and cancer diseases. Hence, the use KAT inhibitors (KATi) has been suggested as a potentially successful strategy to reverse or prevent these conditions. To date, only a few KATi have proven to be potential drug candidates, and there is still a keen interest in designing molecules showing drug-like properties from both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics point of view. Increasing literature evidence has been highlighting natural compounds as a wide source of molecular scaffolds for developing therapeutic agents, including KATi. In fact, several polyphenols, catechins, quinones, and peptides obtained from natural sources (including nuts, oils, root extracts, and fungi metabolites) have been described as promising KATi. Here we summarize the features of this class of compounds, describing their modes of action, structure-activity relationships and (semi)-synthetic derivatives, with the aim of assisting the development of novel more potent, isoform selective and drug-like KATi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Dynamic regulation of histone H3 lysine (K) acetylation and deacetylation during prolonged oxygen deprivation in a champion anaerobe. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:229-241. [PMID: 32729004 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trachemys scripta elegans can survive up to three months of absolute anoxia at 3 °C and recover with minimal cellular damage. Red-eared sliders employ various physiological and biochemical adaptations to survive anoxia with metabolic rate depression (MRD) being the most prominent adaptation. MRD is mediated by epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms aimed at shutting down cellular processes that are not needed for anoxia survival, while reprioritizing ATP towards cell processes that are vital for anaerobiosis. Histone acetylation/deacetylation are epigenetic modifications that maintain a proper balance between permissive chromatin and restricted chromatin, yet very little is known about protein regulation and enzymatic activity of the writers and erasers of acetylation during natural anoxia tolerance. As such, this study explored the interplay between transcriptional activators, histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and transcriptional repressors, sirtuins (SIRTs), along with three prominent acetyl-lysine (K) moieties of histone H3 in the liver of red-eared sliders. Western immunoblotting was used to measure acetylation levels of H3-K14, H3-K18, and H3-K56, as well as protein levels of histone H3-total, HATs, and nuclear SIRTs in the liver in response to 5 h and 20 h anoxia. Global and nuclear enzymatic activity of HATs and enzymatic activity of nuclear SIRTs were also measured. Overall, a strong suppression of HATs-mediated H3 acetylation and SIRT-mediated deacetylation was evident in the liver of red-eared sliders that could play an important role in ATP conservation as part of the overall reduction in metabolic rate.
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32
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Martinez-Moreno JM, Fontecha-Barriuso M, Martín-Sánchez D, Sánchez-Niño MD, Ruiz-Ortega M, Sanz AB, Ortiz A. The Contribution of Histone Crotonylation to Tissue Health and Disease: Focus on Kidney Health. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:393. [PMID: 32308622 PMCID: PMC7145939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the most severe consequences of kidney injury. They are interconnected syndromes as CKD predisposes to AKI and AKI may accelerate CKD progression. Despite their growing impact on the global burden of disease, there is no satisfactory treatment for AKI and current therapeutic approaches to CKD remain suboptimal. Recent research has focused on the therapeutic target potential of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including non-coding RNAs and the covalent modifications of histones and DNA. Indeed, several drugs targeting histone modifications are in clinical use or undergoing clinical trials. Acyl-lysine histone modifications (e.g. methylation, acetylation, and crotonylation) have modulated experimental kidney injury. Most recently, increased histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr) was observed during experimental AKI and could be reproduced in cultured tubular cells exposed to inflammatory stress triggered by the cytokine TWEAK. The degree of kidney histone crotonylation was modulated by crotonate availability and crotonate supplementation protected from nephrotoxic AKI. We now review the functional relevance of histone crotonylation in kidney disease and other pathophysiological contexts, as well as the implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. These studies provide insights into the overall role of histone crotonylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Martinez-Moreno
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Martín-Sánchez
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Sánchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Epigenetic regulation in AKI and kidney repair: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:220-239. [PMID: 30651611 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of AKI remains incompletely understood and effective therapies are lacking. An increasing body of evidence suggests a role for epigenetic regulation in the process of AKI and kidney repair, involving remarkable changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation and the expression of various non-coding RNAs. For instance, increases in levels of histone acetylation seem to protect kidneys from AKI and promote kidney repair. AKI is also associated with changes in genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation; however, the role and regulation of DNA methylation in kidney injury and repair remains largely elusive. MicroRNAs have been studied quite extensively in AKI, and a plethora of specific microRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI. Emerging research suggests potential for microRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of AKI. Further investigation into these epigenetic mechanisms will not only generate novel insights into the mechanisms of AKI and kidney repair but also might lead to new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.
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Chen D, Lu D, Liu H, Xue E, Zhang Y, Shang P, Pan X. Pharmacological blockade of PCAF ameliorates osteoarthritis development via dual inhibition of TNF-α-driven inflammation and ER stress. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:395-407. [PMID: 31735552 PMCID: PMC6921217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic mechanisms have been reported to play key roles in osteoarthritis (OA) development. P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is a member of the histone acetyltransferases, which exhibits a strong relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signals. Salidroside, a natural histone acetylation inhibitor, showed its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia cells in our previous study. However, whether Sal has a protective effect against OA remains unknown, and its relationships to PCAF, NF-κB, and the ER stress pathway should be explored further. Methods We identified the role of PCAF in the pathogenesis of OA and determined the chondroprotective effect of Sal on both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-treated human chondrocytes and a destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA model. Findings We found increased PCAF expression in human OA cartilage and TNF-α-driven chondrocytes. Meanwhile, silencing of PCAF attenuated nuclear p65 and C/EBP homologous protein levels in chondrocytes upon TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, Sal was found to specifically bind to the inhibitory site of the PCAF protein structure, which subsequently reversed the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB signal and ER stress-related apoptosis in chondrocytes. In addition, the protective effect of Sal and its inhibitory effects on PCAF as well as inflammatory- and ER stress-related markers were also observed in the mouse DMM model. Interpretation Pharmacological blockade of PCAF by Sal ameliorates OA development via inhibition of inflammation and ER stress, which makes Sal a promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Enxing Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ping Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Bone Research Institute, The Key Orthopaedic Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 109, Xueyuanxi road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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35
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Cross D, Drury R, Hill J, Pollard AJ. Epigenetics in Sepsis: Understanding Its Role in Endothelial Dysfunction, Immunosuppression, and Potential Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1363. [PMID: 31275313 PMCID: PMC6591469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis has a complex pathophysiology in which both excessive and refractory inflammatory responses are hallmark features. Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during the early stages are responsible for significant endothelial dysfunction, loss of endothelial integrity, and organ failure. In addition, it is now well-established that a substantial number of sepsis survivors experience ongoing immunological derangement and immunosuppression following a septic episode. The underpinning mechanisms of these phenomena are incompletely understood yet they contribute to a significant proportion of sepsis-associated mortality. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have an increasingly clear role in modulating inflammatory and other immunological processes. Recent evidence suggests epigenetic mechanisms are extensively perturbed as sepsis progresses, and particularly play a role in endothelial dysfunction and immunosuppression. Whilst therapeutic modulation of the epigenome is still in its infancy, there is substantial evidence from animal models that this approach could reap benefits. In this review, we summarize research elucidating the role of these mechanisms in several aspects of sepsis pathophysiology including tissue injury and immunosuppression. We also evaluate pre-clinical evidence for the use of "epi-therapies" in the treatment of poly-microbial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Cross
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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36
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Histone Acetylation Regulates Natriuretic Peptides and Neprilysin Gene Expressions in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-71. [PMID: 30465518 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181122092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natriuretic peptide system (NPS) alterations are involved in pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy (DN), however its epigenetic regulation is still unclear. Interestingly, histone acetylation epigenetically regulates neprilysin expression in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at delineating role of histone acetylation in regulation of NPS in DCM and DN. METHODS Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were used to mimic pathogenesis of DCM and DN. After haemodynamic measurements, all the rat's plasma, heart and kidney were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, protein isolation and western blotting, RT-PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS Diabetic rats heart and kidney exhibited activation of NF-κB and TGF-β signalling with increased histone acetyl transferases (PCAF/CBP) expressions and augmented H2AK5Ac, H2BK5Ac, H3K18Ac, and H4K8Ac levels. ChIP assay results showed increased enrichment of H3K18Ac and H2BK5Ac at Nppa, Nppb (Heart) and Mme promoter (Heart/Kidney) in diabetic rats. Enrichment of H2AK5Ac was augmented on Nppa and Mme promoters in diabetic heart, while it remained unchanged on Nppb promoter in heart and Mme promoter in kidney. CONCLUSION Augmented histone acetylation at promoter regions of NPS gene(s), at least in a part, is responsible for increased expressions of ANP, BNP and NEP in diabetic heart and kidney. Hence, histone acetylation inhibitors can be considered as novel therapeutic targets against DCM and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
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37
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Laha D, Deb M, Das H. KLF2 (kruppel-like factor 2 [lung]) regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:2063-2075. [PMID: 30894058 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is involved in myeloid cellular repair, destruction, and osteoclast differentiation; conversely, KLF2 (kruppel-like factor 2 [lung]) regulates myeloid cell activation and differentiation. To investigate the specific role of KLF2 in autophagy, osteoclastic differentiation was induced in monocytes in presence or absence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), KLF2 inducer geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI298), and adenoviral overexpression of KLF2. We found that the number of autophagic cells and multinucleated osteoclasts were significantly decreased in presence of 3-MA, GGTI298, and KLF2 overexpressed cells indicating involvement of KLF2 in these processes. In addition, autophagy-related protein molecules were significantly decreased after induction of KLF2 during the course of osteoclastic differentiation. Furthermore, induction of arthritis in mice reduced the level of Klf2 in monocytes, and enhanced autophagy during osteoclastic differentiation. Mechanistically, knocking down of KLF2 increased the level of Beclin1 (BECN1) expression, and conversely, KLF2 over-expression reduced the level of BECN1 in monocytes. Moreover, 3-MA and GGTI298 both reduced myeloid cell proliferation concomitantly upregulating senescence-related molecules (CDKN1A/p21 and CDKN1B/p27kip1). We further confirmed epigenetic regulation of Becn1 by modulating Klf2; knocking down of Klf2 increased the levels of histone activation marks H3K9 and H4K8 acetylation in the promoter region of Becn1; and overexpression of Klf2 decreased the levels of H4K8 and H3K9 acetylation. In addition, osteoclastic differentiation also increased levels of H3K9 and H4K8 acetylation in the promoter region of Becn1. Together these findings for the first time revealed that Klf2 critically regulates Becn1-mediated autophagy process during osteoclastogenesis.Abbreviations: ACP5/TRAP: acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant; Ad-KLF2: adenoviral construct of KLF2; ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; C57BL/6: inbred mouse strain C57 black 6; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CSF1/MCSF: colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage); CTSK: cathepsin K; EV: empty vector; GGTI298: geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor; H3K9Ac: histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation; H4K8Ac: histone H4 lysine 8 acetylation; K/BxN mice: T cell receptor (TCR) transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule A(g7) generates K/BxN mice; KLF2: kruppel-like factor 2 (lung); 3MA: 3-methyladenine; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; NFATc1: nuclear factor of activated T cells 1; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; p21/CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; p27kip1/CDKN1B: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PtdIns3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; siKlf2: small interfering KLF2 ribonucleic acid; NS: non-specific; RAW 264.7: abelson murine leukemia virus transformed macrophage cell line; TNFSF11/RANKL: tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11; TSS: transcriptional start site; UCSC: University of California, Santa Cruz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipranjan Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Chung S, Kim S, Son M, Kim M, Koh ES, Shin SJ, Park CW, Kim HS. Inhibition of p300/CBP-Associated Factor Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis through Modulation of NF-kB and Nrf2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071554. [PMID: 30925687 PMCID: PMC6479343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in many cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and reaction to cell damage by modulating the activities of several genes and proteins through the acetylation of either the histones or transcription factors. Here, we examined a pathogenic role of PCAF and its potential as a novel therapeutic target in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by non-diabetic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in male C57BL/6 mice. Administration of garcinol, a PCAF inhibitor, reversed a UUO-induced increase in the renal expression of total PCAF and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation and reduced positive areas of trichrome and α-smooth muscle actin and collagen content. Treatment with garcinol also decreased mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and fibronectin. Furthermore, garcinol suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, whereas it preserved the nuclear expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2) and levels of Nrf2-dependent antioxidants including heme oxygense-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1. These results suggest that the inhibition of inordinately enhanced PCAF could mitigate renal fibrosis by redressing aberrant balance between inflammatory signaling and antioxidant response through the modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Soojeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Mina Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Eun Sil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Seok Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Ho-Shik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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The histone demethylase LSD1 promotes renal inflammation by mediating TLR4 signaling in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:278. [PMID: 30894511 PMCID: PMC6427019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal inflammation significantly contributes to the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), but the mechanisms that control its precise regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) was significantly upregulated in renal tissue of HBV-GN patients, and its expression was positively correlated with inflammation. Functionally, LSD1 could promote HBV-induced release of proinflammatory mediators in HK-2 cells, a human renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell line. Mechanistic investigations suggested that LSD1 directly promoted the transcription of the inflammatory-related gene Tlr4 by eliminating the mono- or di-methylation of H3K9 near its promoter. Knockdown of Lsd1 further inhibited TLR4-NF-κB/JNK signaling cascades, and subsequently decreased HBV-induced production of proinflammatory mediators in HK-2 cells. Co-transfection with Tlr4-expressing plasmids counteracted these effects. Meanwhile, downregulation of abovementioned TLR4-related pathways using small-molecule inhibitors attenuated inflammation. Importantly, LSD1 inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) could inhibit TLR4-NF-κB/JNK signaling axis and alleviate renal inflammation in HBV transgenic mice. Taken together, our data identify LSD1 as a novel regulator of renal inflammation and as a potential therapeutic target in HBV-GN.
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Zhang HF, Wang YL, Gao C, Gu YT, Huang J, Wang JH, Wang JH, Zhang Z. Salvianolic acid A attenuates kidney injury and inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1855-1864. [PMID: 29795135 PMCID: PMC6289371 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a minor phenolic carboxylic acid extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge (Danshen). SAA exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-thrombotic, neuroprotective, and anti-fibrotic effects, as well as protection from myocardial ischemia and prevention of diabetes and other diseases. Furthermore, SAA has shown renal-protective effects in doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. However, there has been limited research regarding the effects of SAA and underlying mechanisms in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we examined the effects and molecular mechanisms of SAA in an established animal model of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats. The rats were injected with SAA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally (ip)) for 28 days. SAA dose-dependently lowered the levels of urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, plasma total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides in 5/6Nx rats. Histological examination revealed that SAA dose-dependently attenuated renal pathological lesions, evidenced by reduced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by decreasing the expression levels of tumor growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in 5/6Nx rats. Moreover, SAA dose-dependently inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, subsequently attenuating the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and inhibiting the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in kidneys of 5/6Nx rats. The above results were consistent with those obtained in lipopolysaccharide-induced HK-2 cells in vitro (a recognized in vitro inflammatory model). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA effectively attenuates kidney injury in 5/6Nx rats. The therapeutic effects of SAA on kidney injury can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan-Ting Gu
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Zhang J, Xie M, Xia L, Yu T, He F, Zhao C, Qiu W, Zhao D, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yao C, Liu L, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces IL-23 and IL-36a Production by Glomerular Mesangial Cells via PCAF-Mediated KLF4 Acetylation in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3184-3198. [PMID: 30404815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sublytic C5b-9 formation on glomerular mesangial cells in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, but the relationship between sublytic C5b-9 and cytokine synthesis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore the problems mentioned above, in this study, we first examined the levels of proinflammatory ILs (e.g., IL-23 and IL-36a) as well as transcription factor (KLF4) and coactivator (PCAF) in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats and in the glomerular mesangial cell line (HBZY-1) stimulated by sublytic C5b-9. Then, we further determined the role of KLF4 and PCAF in sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a production as well as the related mechanism. Our results showed that the levels of KLF4, PCAF, IL-23, and IL-36a were obviously elevated. Mechanistic investigation revealed that sublytic C5b-9 stimulation could increase IL-23 and IL-36a synthesis through KLF4 and PCAF upregulation, and KLF4 and PCAF could form a complex, binding to the IL-23 or IL-36a promoter in a KLF4-dependent manner, causing gene transcription. Importantly, KLF4 acetylation by PCAF contributed to sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a transcription. Besides, the KLF4 binding regions on IL-23 or IL-36a promoters and the KLF4 lysine site acetylated by PCAF were identified. Furthermore, silencing renal KLF4 or PCAF gene could significantly inhibit IL-23 or IL-36a secretion and tissue damage of Thy-1N rats. Collectively, these findings implicate that the KLF4/PCAF interaction and KLF4 acetylation by PCAF play a pivotal role in the sublytic C5b-9-mediated IL-23 and IL-36a production of Thy-1N rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China;
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Suryanarayanan V, Rajavel T, Devi KP, Singh SK. Structure based identification and biological evaluation of novel and potent inhibitors of PCAF catalytic domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:823-834. [PMID: 30118769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p300/CBP Associated Factor (PCAF), a GNAT family member protein, represent a valid target for therapeutic interventions since its dysfunction has implicated in variety of diseases like cancer, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, etc. Despite its potential for therapeutics, only a small number of PCAF inhibitors were reported. Hence, in this study, the catalytic domain of PCAF was explored to screen novel, potent and cell permeable inhibitor from three small molecule databases like Life Chemical, Maybridge and Chembridge by using Structure Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) method. Further, Induced Fit Docking, Binding Free Energy calculation, Single Point Energy calculation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation were performed on selected hits. In silico results revealed that F2209-0381 has higher binding energy of -109.722 and have greater cell permeability (QPPCaco = 1456.764; QPPMDCK = 742.941) than rest of hits. Cytotoxicity effect and protein expression analysis of F2209-0381 on A549 cells reveals that it exhibited strong inhibition with IC50 value of 58.31 μg/ml and significantly reduced the expression of PCAF after 72 h time point. Thus, this study warrants that F2209-0381 could become a novel, potent and cell permeable drug of PCAF thereby it could combat its mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Suryanarayanan
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilselvam Rajavel
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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43
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In vitro evaluation of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through gene expression using gentamicin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22189. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen Y, Liu X, Li Y, Quan C, Zheng L, Huang K. Lung Cancer Therapy Targeting Histone Methylation: Opportunities and Challenges. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:211-223. [PMID: 30002791 PMCID: PMC6039709 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies. In spite of the progress made in past decades, further studies to improve current therapy for lung cancer are required. Dynamically controlled by methyltransferases and demethylases, methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histone proteins regulates chromatin organization and thereby gene transcription. Aberrant alterations of histone methylation have been demonstrated to be associated with the progress of multiple cancers including lung cancer. Inhibitors of methyltransferases and demethylases have exhibited anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, and multiple lead candidates are under clinical trials. Here, we summarize how histone methylation functions in lung cancer, highlighting most recent progresses in small molecular inhibitors for lung cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- DUSP3, dual-specificity phosphatase 3
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Elk1, ETS-domain containing protein
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone demethylase
- Histone demethylation
- Histone methylation
- Histone methyltransferase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitors
- KDMs, lysine demethylases
- KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2
- KMTs, lysine methyltransferases
- LSDs, lysine specific demethylases
- Lung cancer
- MEP50, methylosome protein 50
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PDX, patient-derived xenografts
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- PRMTs, protein arginine methyltrasferases
- PTMs, posttranslational modifications
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SCLC, small cell lung cancer
- TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuntao Quan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Wan D, Liu C, Sun Y, Wang W, Huang K, Zheng L. MacroH2A1.1 cooperates with EZH2 to promote adipogenesis by regulating Wnt signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:325-337. [PMID: 28992292 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes play important roles in many physiological processes, including energy storage, endocrine signaling, and inflammatory responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte formation (adipogenesis) provides insights into therapeutic approaches against obesity and its related diseases. Many transcriptional factors and epigenetic enzymes are known to regulate adipogenesis; however, whether histone variants play a role in this process is unknown. Here we found that macroH2A1.1 (mH2A1.1), a variant of histone H2A, was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and in the white adipose tissue of obese mice. Ablation of mH2A1.1 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, while overexpression of mH2A1.1 showed opposite effects. We further found that mH2A1.1 regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by cooperating with EZH2, a histone H3K27 methyltransferase, thus led to accumulation of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 on the promoters of Wnt genes. Mutations in the macro-domain, mH2A1.1G224E, and mH2A1.1G314E, not only impaired adipogenesis, but also impaired the binding ability of mH2A1.1 to EZH2 and the enrichments of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 on the promoters of Wnt genes. Together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of mH2A1.1 in adipogenesis and obesity, which provides new insights in white fat development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Y Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors: structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic implications. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1067-1091. [PMID: 29676588 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification of both histone and nonhistone proteins that is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases and plays a key role in numerous biological contexts. The dysregulation of this enzyme activity is implicated in many human pathologies such as cancer, neurological and inflammatory disorders. Many lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors (KATi) have been developed so far, but there is still the need for new, more potent, metabolically stable and selective KATi as chemical tools for studying KAT biology and/or as potential therapeutic agents. This review will examine the features of KAT enzymes and related diseases, with particular emphasis on KATi (bisubstrate analogs, natural compounds and synthetic derivatives), analyzing their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and potential future applications.
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Histone methyltransferase G9a modulates hepatic insulin signaling via regulating HMGA1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Desumoylase SENP6 maintains osteochondroprogenitor homeostasis by suppressing the p53 pathway. Nat Commun 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29321472 PMCID: PMC5762923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development, growth, and renewal of skeletal tissues rely on the function of osteochondroprogenitors (OCPs). Protein sumoylation/desumoylation has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for stem cell/progenitor homeostasis, and excessive sumoylation has been associated with cell senescence and tissue aging, but its role in regulating OCP function is unclear. Here we show that postnatal loss of the desumoylase SUMO1/sentrin-specific peptidase 6 (SENP6) causes premature aging. OCP-specific SENP6 knockout mice exhibit smaller skeletons, with elevated apoptosis and cell senescence in OCPs and chondrocytes. In Senp6 ‒/‒ cells, the two most significantly elevated pathways are p53 signaling and senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASP), and Trp53 loss partially rescues the skeletal and cellular phenotypes caused by Senp6 loss. Furthermore, SENP6 interacts with, desumoylates, and stabilizes TRIM28, suppressing p53 activity. Our data reveals a crucial role of the SENP6-p53 axis in maintaining OCP homeostasis during skeletal development.
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KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112383. [PMID: 29125549 PMCID: PMC5713352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor family, which critically regulates embryonic lung development, function of endothelial cells and maintenance of quiescence in T-cells and monocytes. It is expressed in naïve T-cells and monocytes, however its level of expression decreases during activation and differentiation. KLF2 also plays critical regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases and their pathogenesis. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is an important inducer of inflammation and the inflammation is mediated through the transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. So, both transcriptional factors KLF2 and NF-κB are being associated with the similar cellular functions and their maintenance. It was shown that KLF2 regulates most of the NF-κB-mediated activities. In this review, we focused on emphasizing the involvement of KLF2 in health and disease states and how they interact with transcriptional master regulator NF-κB.
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Ma T, Huang C, Xu Q, Yang Y, Liu Y, Meng X, Li J, Ye M, Liang H. Suppression of BMP-7 by histone deacetylase 2 promoted apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3139. [PMID: 29072686 PMCID: PMC5680919 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, a highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has a major limitation for its nephrotoxicity. Currently, there are no therapies available to treat or prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity. We recently identified a novel strategy for attenuating its nephrotoxicity in chemotherapy by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors via epigenetic modification to enhance bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) expression. Cisplatin upregulated the activity of HDAC2 in the kidney. Inhibition of HDAC with clinically used trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA) suppressed cisplatin-induced kidney injury and epithelial cell apoptosis. Overexpression of HDAC2 promotes CP-treated tubular epithelium cells apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay clearly detected HDAC2 assosiation with BMP-7 promoter. Western blot and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of BMP-7 was clearly induced by TSA or VPA in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, administration of recombinant BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) reduced cisplatin-induced kidney dysfunction. Moreover, BMP-7 treatment suppressed epithelial cell apoptosis and small interfering RNA-based knockdown of BMP-7 expression abolished HDAC inhibitors suppression of epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Results of current study indicated that TSA or VPA inhibited apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells via promoting the level of BMP-7 epigenetically through targeting HDAC2. Hence, HDAC inhibitors could be useful therapeutic agents for the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drug, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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