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Basilio AV, Zeng D, Pichay LA, Ateshian GA, Xu P, Maas SA, Morrison B. Simulating Cerebral Edema and Ischemia After Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma Using Triphasic Swelling Biomechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03496-y. [PMID: 38532172 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Poor outcome following traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is associated with the severity of the primary injury and secondary injury including cerebral edema and ischemia. However, the underlying secondary injury mechanism contributing to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and high mortality rate remains unclear. Cerebral edema occurs in response to the exposure of the intracellular fixed charge density (FCD) after cell death, causing ICP to increase. The increased ICP from swollen tissue compresses blood vessels in adjacent tissue, restricting blood flow and leading to ischemic damage. We hypothesize that the mass occupying effect of ASDH exacerbates the ischemic injury, leading to ICP elevation, which is an indicator of high mortality rate in the clinic. Using FEBio (febio.org) and triphasic swelling biomechanics, this study modeled clinically relevant ASDHs and simulated post-traumatic brain swelling and ischemia to predict ICP. Results showed that common convexity ASDH significantly increased ICP by exacerbating ischemic injury, and surgical removal of the convexity ASDH may control ICP by preventing ischemia progression. However, in cases where the primary injury is very severe, surgical intervention alone may not effectively decrease ICP, as the contribution of the hematoma to the elevated ICP is insignificant. In addition, interhemispheric ASDH, located between the cerebral hemispheres, does not significantly exacerbate ischemia, supporting the conservative surgical management generally recommended for interhemispheric ASDH. The joint effect of the mass occupying effect of the blood clot and resulting ischemia contributes to elevated ICP which may increase mortality. Our novel approach may improve the fidelity of predicting patient outcome after motor vehicle crashes and traumatic brain injuries due to other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Basilio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Delin Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Leanne A Pichay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 220 S. W. Mudd Building, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Steve A Maas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, SMBB 3100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Feng Y, Chen Y, Wu X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhang L, Yi C. Interplay of energy metabolism and autophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:4-14. [PMID: 37594406 PMCID: PMC10761056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, is widely recognized for its crucial role in enabling cell survival and maintaining cellular energy homeostasis during starvation or energy stress. Its regulation is intricately linked to cellular energy status. In this review, covering yeast, mammals, and plants, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the understanding of the roles and mechanisms of carbon- or glucose-deprivation related autophagy, showing how cells effectively respond to such challenges for survival. Further investigation is needed to determine the specific degraded substrates by autophagy during glucose or energy deprivation and the diverse roles and mechanisms during varying durations of energy starvation.Abbreviations: ADP: adenosine diphosphate; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GD: glucose deprivation; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GTPases: guanosine triphosphatases; HK2: hexokinase 2; K phaffii: Komagataella phaffii; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mec1: mitosis entry checkpoint 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NAD (+): nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OGD: oxygen and glucose deprivation; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PCD: programmed cell death; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Snf1: sucrose non-fermenting 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TORC1: target of rapamycin complex 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; Vps27: vacuolar protein sorting 27; Vps4: vacuolar protein sorting 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Xu J, Zheng B, Ma Y, Zhang X, Cheng J, Yang J, Li P, Zhang J, Jing L, Xu F. PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway regulates autophagy of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114558. [PMID: 37390967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that the co-morbidities of diabetes and depression will be a new challenge for humanity. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. The present study investigated the histopathology, autophagy of hippocampal neurons, and the PI3K-AKT- mTOR signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes with depression(T2DD) rats. The results showed that, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DD in rats were induced successfully. Compared with the CUMS and T2DM groups, the T2DD group performed significantly fewer autonomic activities in the open-field test, and longer immobile in the force swimming test, and increasing of Corticosterone (CORT) in blood. The number of pyknotic neurons at cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in T2DD was significantly increased compared with CUMS and T2DM groups. Moreover, compared with the CUMS and T2DM groups, the mitochondrial autophagosomes were most abundant in the T2DD group. As shown in western blot and immunofluorescence, compared with the control group, in the CUMS, T2DM and T2DD groups, significantly increased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B and decreased P62 were detected. In the PC12 cells, the relative amount of parkin and LC3B in the CORT+HG group was significantly higher than that in the CORT and HG groups. Compared with the control group, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR in CUMS, T2DM and T2DD groups were significantly decreased. Compared with the CUMS group, p-AKT/AKT, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-mTOR/mTOR in the T2DD group exhibited further decrease. Similar results were obtained in PC12 cells in vitro. It is suggests that memory and cognitive impairment in rats with co-morbidities of diabetes and depression might be related with hippocampal neuronal damage and autophagy increase, which was involved in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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Mohamadian M, Parsamanesh N, Chiti H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4299-4324. [PMID: 36123613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a term used to describe phenomena connected to the dysfunction of various tissue damage due to reperfusion after ischemic injury. While I/R may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, there is still a long way to improve therapeutic outcomes. A number of cellular metabolic and ultrastructural alterations occur by prolonged ischemia. Ischemia increases the expression of proinflammatory gene products and bioactive substances within the endothelium, such as cytokines, leukocytes, and adhesion molecules, even as suppressing the expression of other "protective" gene products and substances, such as thrombomodulin and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (e.g., prostacyclin, nitric oxide [NO]). Curcumin is the primary phenolic pigment derived from turmeric, the powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. It also prevents lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals like superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, NO, and hydroxyl. In our study, we highlight the mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Ng TK. Longitudinal and simultaneous profiling of 11 modes of cell death in mouse retina post-optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109159. [PMID: 35753433 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is a critical pathological trigger leading to irreversible visual impairment and blindness after optic nerve (ON) injury. Yet, there is still no effective clinical treatment to rescue RGC death after ON injury. Understanding the involvement of different modes of cell death post-ON injury could facilitate the development of targeting treatments against RGC death. Herein we aimed to characterize the regulation of 11 modes of cell death simultaneously and longitudinally in mouse retina post-ON injury. The number of RGCs gradually decreased from Day 3-14 in mice post-ON injury. Increase in the apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), autolysis (cleaved cathespin B) and pyroptosis (cleaved caspase-1) marker expression in the retina began at Day 3 post-ON injury. Meanwhile, the markers for autophagy (Atg7 and Becn1) and phagocytosis (Mfge8 and Mertk) were downregulated from Day 1 to Day 5. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis marker (4-hydroxynonenal) was upregulated from Day 7 to Day 14 post-ON injury following the early reduction of Gpx4. Yet, the reduction of parthanatos, sarmoptosis, and mitochondrial permeable transition could be related to autophagy and apoptosis. The markers for necroptosis did not show significant changes post-ON injury. In summary, this study revealed that the activation of apoptosis, autolysis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, together with the early downregulation of autophagy and phagocytosis, are the major modes of cell death involved in the RGC death post-ON injury. Simultaneously targeting multiple modes of cell death at different time courses could be a potential treatment approach against RGC death for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Jia L, Zhang Y. Potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-associated central and peripheral nervous system impairment. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:225-236. [PMID: 35699161 PMCID: PMC9349396 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is more than merely a respiratory disease, as it also presents with various neurological symptoms. SARS‐CoV‐2 may infect the central nervous system (CNS) and thus is neurotropic. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated neuropathy remains unclear. Many studies have reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 enters the CNS through the hematogenous and neuronal routes, as well as through the main host neurological immune responses and cells involved in these responses. The neurological immune responses to COVID‐19 and potential mechanisms of the extensive neuroinflammation induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 have been investigated. Although CNS infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 was shown to lead to neuronal impairment, certain aspects of this mechanism remain controversial and require further analysis. In this review, we discussed the pathway and mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion in the CNS, and associated clinical manifestations, such as anosmia, headache, and hyposmia. Moreover, the mechanism of neurological damage caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 may provide potential treatment methods for patients presenting with SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mastroiacovo F, Biagioni F, Lenzi P, Lazzeri G, Ferrucci M, Puglisi-Allegra S, Frati A, Nicoletti F, Fornai F. Within the Ischemic Penumbra, Sub-Cellular Compartmentalization of Heat Shock Protein 70 Overlaps with Autophagy Proteins and Fails to Merge with Lysosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103122. [PMID: 35630599 PMCID: PMC9144499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain area which surrounds the frankly ischemic region is named the area penumbra. In this area, most cells are spared although their oxidative metabolism is impaired. area penumbra is routinely detected by immunostaining of a molecule named Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Within the area penumbra, autophagy-related proteins also increase. Therefore, in the present study, the autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein I/II-Light Chain 3 (LC3) was investigated within the area penumbra along with HSP70. In C57 black mice, ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the distal part of the middle cerebral artery. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy show that LC3 and HSP70 are overexpressed and co-localize within the area penumbra in the same cells and within similar subcellular compartments. In the area penumbra, marked loss of co-localization of HSP70 and LC3-positive autophagy vacuoles, with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) or cathepsin-D-positive lysosome vacuoles occurs. This study indicates that, within the area penumbra, a failure of autophagolysosomes depends on defective compartmentalization of LC3, LAMP1 and cathepsin-D and a defect in merging between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Such a deleterious effect is likely to induce a depletion of autophagolysosomes and cell clearing systems, which needs to be rescued in the process of improving neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mastroiacovo
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.M.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (A.F.); (F.N.)
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.L.); (G.L.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-050-2218601
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Zhao S, Wu W, Lin X, Shen M, Yang Z, Yu S, Luo Y. Protective effects of dexmedetomidine in vital organ injury: crucial roles of autophagy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:34. [PMID: 35508984 PMCID: PMC9066865 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vital organ injury is one of the leading causes of global deaths. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) has an outstanding protective effect on multiple organs for its antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, while the underlying molecular mechanism is not clearly understood. Autophagy, an adaptive catabolic process, has been found to play a crucial role in the organ-protective effects of DEX. Herein, we present a first attempt to summarize all the evidence on the proposed roles of autophagy in the action of DEX protecting against vital organ injuries via a comprehensive review. We found that most of the relevant studies (17/24, 71%) demonstrated that the modulation of autophagy was inhibited under the treatment of DEX on vital organ injuries (e.g. brain, heart, kidney, and lung), but several studies suggested that the level of autophagy was dramatically increased after administration of DEX. Albeit not fully elucidated, the underlying mechanisms governing the roles of autophagy involve the antiapoptotic properties, inhibiting inflammatory response, removing damaged mitochondria, and reducing oxidative stress, which might be facilitated by the interaction with multiple associated genes (i.e., hypoxia inducible factor-1α, p62, caspase-3, heat shock 70 kDa protein, and microRNAs) and signaling cascades (i.e., mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-kappa B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases pathway). The authors conclude that DEX hints at a promising strategy in the management of vital organ injuries, while autophagy is crucially involved in the protective effect of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuezheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Sicong Yu
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China.
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Liu K, Cui Y, Li H, Qi C, Cheng G, Gao X, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu J. Hydrogen-Rich Medium Regulates Cr(VI)-Induced ER Stress and Autophagy Signaling in DF-1 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2329-2337. [PMID: 34327609 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Related studies have shown that chromium (Cr) is toxic to cells, and hydrogen can protect cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. However, there are few reports on the protective effects of hydrogen on heavy metal-induced cell damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the protection of hydrogen-rich medium (HRM) on Cr(VI)-induced ER stress and autophagy in DF-1 cells. Therefore, HRM were pretreated for 30 min before Cr(VI) treatment, and detected the autophagy and ER stress-related indicators to determine the role of HRM. The results showed that HRM could reduce the cell damage caused by Cr(VI), and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could protect cells by inhibiting over autophagy. HRM can reverse the changes of ER stress- and autophagy-related indexes caused by Cr(VI), and inhibit the excessive autophagy caused by Cr(VI). In conclusion, HRM can protect cells from damage induced by Cr(VI), and play a role by inhibiting ER stress-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Central Hospital of Tai'an City, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Changxi Qi
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuanglong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Si C, Zhou X, Deng J, Ye S, Kong L, Zhang B, Wang W. Role of ferroptosis in gastrointestinal tumors: From mechanisms to therapies. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:997-1008. [PMID: 35476364 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic regulated cell death, which is mainly caused by an abnormal increase in lipid oxygen free radicals and an imbalance in redox homeostasis. Recently, ferroptosis has been shown to have implications in various gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. This review summarises the latest research on ferroptosis, its mechanism of action, and its role in the progression of different gastrointestinal tumors to provide more information regarding the prevention and treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Si
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijie Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingming Kong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baofu Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Hanke N, Rami A. Cerebral ischemia induced iron deposit, ferritin accumulation, nuclear receptor coactivator 4-depletion and ferroptosis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:47-60. [PMID: 35319371 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220321120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal death upon cerebral ischemia shares not only characteristics of necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy, but exhibits also biochemical and morphological characteristics of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death which is considered to be an oxidative iron-dependent process. It is now commonly accepted that iron and free radicals are considered to cause lipid peroxidation as well as the oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids, leading to increased membrane and enzymatic dysfunction, and finally contributing to cell death. Although ferroptosis was first described in cancer cells, emerging evidence now links mechanisms of ferroptosis to many different diseases, including cerebral ischemia. METHODS The objective of this study was to identify the ferroptosis key players and the underlying biochemical pathways leading to cell death upon focal cerebral ischemia in mice by using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, histochemistry and densitometry. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that cerebral ischemia induced iron-deposition, down-regulated dramatically the expression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased the expression of the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and induced inappropriate accumulation of ferritin in the ischemic brain. This supports the hypothesis that an ischemic insult may induce ferroptosis through inhibition of GPX4. CONCLUSION We conclude that iron excess following cerebral ischemia leads to cell death despite activation of compensatory mechanisms for iron homeostasis, as illustrated by the accumulation of ferritins. These data emphasize the presence of a cellular mechanism that allows neuronal cells to handle restriction in iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hanke
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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12
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Trauma-like exposure alters neuronal apoptosis, Bin1, Fkbp5 and NR2B expression in an amyloid-beta (1-42) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 190:107611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Poh L, Sim WL, Jo DG, Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chen CLH, Lai MKP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35000611 PMCID: PMC8744307 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
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The Autophagy-Related Organelle Autophagoproteasome Is Suppressed within Ischemic Penumbra. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910364. [PMID: 34638703 PMCID: PMC8508911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The peri-infarct region, which surrounds the irreversible ischemic stroke area is named ischemic penumbra. This term emphasizes the borderline conditions for neurons placed within such a critical region. Area penumbra separates the ischemic core, where frank cell loss occurs, from the surrounding healthy brain tissue. Within such a brain region, nervous matter, and mostly neurons are impaired concerning metabolic conditions. The classic biochemical marker, which reliably marks area penumbra is the over-expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). However, other proteins related to cell clearing pathways are modified within area penumbra. Among these, autophagy proteins like LC3 increase in a way, which recapitulates Hsp70. In contrast, components, such as P20S, markedly decrease. Despite apparent discrepancies, the present study indicates remarkable overlapping between LC3 and P20S redistribution within area penumbra. In fact, the amount of both proteins is markedly reduced within vacuoles. Specifically, a massive loss of LC3 + P20S immuno-positive vacuoles (autophagoproteasomes) is reported here. This represents the most relevant sub-cellular alteration here described in cell clearing pathways within area penumbra. The functional significance of these findings remains to be determined and it will take a novel experimental stream to decipher the fine-tuning of such a phenomenon.
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Börner JH, Rawashdeh O, Rami A. Exacerbated Age-Related Hippocampal Alterations of Microglia Morphology, β-Amyloid and Lipofuscin Deposition and Presenilin Overexpression in Per1-/--Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091330. [PMID: 34572962 PMCID: PMC8469021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, alterations of circadian rhythms and autophagy are linked to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction. Autophagy constitutes a specific form of cell recycling in many eukaryotic cells. Aging is the principal risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we assume that both the circadian clock and autophagy are indispensable to counteract aging. We have previously shown that the hippocampus of Per1−/−-mice exhibits a reduced autophagy and higher neuronal susceptibility to ischemic insults compared to wild type (WT). Therefore, we chose to study the link between aging and loss of clock gene Per1−/−-mice. Young and aged C3H- and Per1−/−-mice were used as models to analyze the hippocampal distribution of Aβ42, lipofuscin, presenilin, microglia, synaptophysin and doublecortin. We detected several changes in the hippocampus of aged Per1−/−-mice compared to their wild type littermates. Our results show significant alterations of microglia morphology, an increase in Aβ42 deposition, overexpression of presenilin, decrease in synaptophysin levels and massive accumulation of lipofuscin in the hippocampus of 24-month-old Per1−/−-mice, without alteration of adult neurogenesis. We suggest that the marked lipofuscin accumulation, Aβ42 deposition, and overexpression of presenilin-2 observed in our experiments may be some of the consequences of the slowed autophagy in the hippocampus of aged Per1−/−-mice. This may lead during aging to excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins which may, consequently, result in higher neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik Börner
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- Chronobiology & Sleep Lab, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wiklund L, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sharma HS. Upregulation of hemeoxygenase enzymes HO-1 and HO-2 following ischemia-reperfusion injury in connection with experimental cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:317-375. [PMID: 34560924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal injuries after cardiac arrest. Increased production of carbon monoxide (CO) by the enzyme hemeoxygenase (HO) in the brain is induced by the oxidative stress. HO is present in the CNS in two isoforms, namely the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2. Elevated levels of serum HO-1 occurs in cardiac arrest patients and upregulation of HO-1 in cardiac arrest is seen in the neurons. However, the role of HO-2 in cardiac arrest is not well known. In this review involvement of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes in the porcine brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation is discussed based on our own observations. In addition, neuroprotective role of methylene blue- an antioxidant dye on alterations in HO under in cardiac arrest is also presented. The biochemical findings of HO-1 and HO-2 enzymes using ELISA were further confirmed by immunocytochemical approach to localize selective regional alterations in cardiac arrest. Our observations are the first to show that cardiac arrest followed by successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in significant alteration in cerebral concentrations of HO-1 and HO-2 levels indicating a prominent role of CO in brain pathology and methylene blue during CPR followed by induced hypothermia leading to superior neuroprotection after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Peng Z, Ji D, Qiao L, Chen Y, Huang H. Autophagy Inhibition by ATG3 Knockdown Remits Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury and Inflammation in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3200-3212. [PMID: 34379294 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy participates in the development of cerebral ischemia stroke. Autophagy-related 3 (ATG3), an important autophagy regulator, was reported to be upregulated in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model. However, the detailed role of ATG3 in CI/R injury remains elusive. An in vitro cellular model was established to mimic CI/R injury by exposing hBMECs and bEnd.3 cells to OGD/R. OGD/R-induced injury were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), LDH release assay, caspase-3 activity assay and TUNEL assay. Inflammation was assessed by detecting mRNA expression and concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The protein levels of ATG3, light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, p62, protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were determined by western blot analysis. We successfully established an in vitro OGD/R injury model using hBMECs and bEnd.3 cells. ATG3 was time-dependently upregulated and ATG3 knockdown inhibited autophagy in OGD/R-challenged brain microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, autophagy inhibition by ATG3 interference attenuated OGD/R-induced viability inhibition and increase of LDH release, caspase-3 activity, programmed cell death, and production of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Inhibition of autophagy by ATG3 silencing activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in OGD/R-challenged brain microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway reversed the protective effects of ATG3 silencing on OGD/R-induced injury and inflammation. In conclusion, autophagy inhibition by ATG3 knockdown remitted OGD/R-induced injury and inflammation in brain microvascular endothelial cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Peng
- Department of Severe Encephalopathy, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Lukuan Qiao
- Department of Severe Encephalopathy, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Yuedong Chen
- Department of Severe Encephalopathy, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 South Huaihai Road, Huai'an, 223300, China.
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18
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Patrizz AN, Moruno-Manchon JF, O’Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Patel AR, Venna VR, Tsvetkov AS, Li J, McCullough LD. Sex-Specific Differences in Autophagic Responses to Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071825. [PMID: 34359998 PMCID: PMC8304137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lena M. O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Doran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anita R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Yip HK, Dubey NK, Lin KC, Sung PH, Chiang JY, Chu YC, Huang CR, Chen YL, Deng YH, Cheng HC, Deng WP. Melatonin rescues cerebral ischemic events through upregulated tunneling nanotube-mediated mitochondrial transfer and downregulated mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111593. [PMID: 33865018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic events, comprising of excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen production, and inflammation, adversely impact the metabolic-redox circuit in highly active neuronal metabolic profile which maintains energy-dependent brain activities. Therefore, we investigated neuro-regenerative potential of melatonin (Mel), a natural biomaterial secreted by pineal gland. METHODS We specifically determined whether Mel could influence tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria (Mito) which in turn may alter membrane potential, oxidative stress and apoptotic factors. In vitro studies assessed the effects of Mito on levels of cytochrome C, mitochondrial transfer, reactive oxygen species, membrane potential and mass, which were all further enhanced by Mel pre-treatment, whereas in vivo studies examined brain infarct area (BIA), neurological function, inflammation, brain edema and integrity of neurons and myelin sheath in control, ischemia stroke (IS), IS + Mito and IS + Mel-Mito group rats. RESULTS Results showed that Mel pre-treatment significantly increased mitochondrial transfer and antioxidants, and inhibited apoptosis. Mel-pretreated Mito also significantly reduced BIA with improved neurological function. Apoptotic, oxidative-stress, autophagic, mitochondrial/DNA-damaged biomarkers indices were also improved. CONCLUSION Conclusively, Mel is a potent biomaterial which could potentially impart neurogenesis through repairing impaired metabolic-redox circuit via enhanced TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptotic activities in ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ruei Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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20
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Liu J, Qin X, Ma W, Jia S, Zhang X, Yang X, Pan D, Jin F. Corilagin induces apoptosis and autophagy in NRF2‑addicted U251 glioma cell line. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:320. [PMID: 33760110 PMCID: PMC7974271 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corilagin, extracted from the Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthus plants, inhibits the growth of a number of types of tumors. Compared with temozolomide, the traditional chemotherapy drug, corilagin has demonstrated stronger antitumor activity. However, the pharmaceutical mechanism of corilagin in glioma remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is positively associated with several types of tumor including glioma. In the present study, NRF2 expression was higher in glioma tissues compared with non-glioma specimens. Therefore, it was hypothesized that corilagin targets NRF2 regulation of U251 cell apoptosis. The present study used Hoechst 33258 staining to demonstrate that corilagin induced glioma cell apoptosis and observed that the expression of the apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 was reduced. In addition, corilagin induced autophagy and promoted the conversion of light chain 3 (LC3) protein from LC3I to LC3II. NRF2 expression was downregulated by corilagin stimulation. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern following knockdown of NRF2 in U251 cells using siRNA was consistent with corilagin stimulation. Therefore, it was preliminarily concluded that corilagin induces apoptosis and autophagy by reducing NRF2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xianyun Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Labs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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21
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Xu XY, Fang Q, Huang W, Li BC, Zhou XH, Zhou ZY, Li J. Effect of Electroacupuncture on Neurological Deficit and Activity of Clock and Bmal1 in Cerebral Ischemic Rats. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1128-1136. [PMID: 33428141 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute focal cerebral ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acupuncture is an emerging alternative therapy that has been beneficial to acute brain ischemia. However, the underlying protective mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains unclear. Human original circadian rhythm will be lost after IS, which seriously affects the quality of life and functional recovery of stroke patients. We hypothesize that acupuncture treats IS by regulating the balance of Clock and Bmal1. This study aims to explore the effect of acupuncture at acupoints GV20 and BL23 on neuroprotection and anti-apoptosis in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and expression of apoptosis and circadian rhythm related proteins. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (Normal), sham model group (Sham MCAO), MCAO model group (MCAO), sham electroacupuncture group (Sham EA) and electroacupuncture group (EA). The MCAO model was prepared by electrocoagulation. The first acupuncture treatment was performed within 2 h after surgery, and then acupuncture therapy was performed on 1st day, 2nd day and 3rd day respectively. After their neurological examination at 72 h of ischemia, the rats from each group were sacrificed. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to evaluate the brain infarct size. Ultrastructural observation on cerebral ischemic cortex and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis of brain tissue. The expression levels of proteins Bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, Clock and Bmal1 in the cerebral ischemic region were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Here, we presented evidence that EA at GV20 and BL23 could significantly improve the neurological deficit score and infarct size, and alleviate the cell apoptosis of brain tissue. Moreover, acupuncture treatment upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reversed the upregulation of caspase-3 following 72-h cerebral ischemia. In addition, the expression levels of circadian proteins Clock and Bmal1 were upregulated in EA group while compared with MCAO group. Our study demonstrated that acupuncture exerted neuroprotective effect against neuronal apoptosis after stroke and the mechanism might be related with regulation of circadian rhythm proteins Clock and Bmal1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yin Xu
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Bo-Cun Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
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22
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Li Y, Tang Y, Yang GY. Therapeutic application of exosomes in ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:483-495. [PMID: 33431513 PMCID: PMC8485240 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in the world, with limited effective treatments. Increasing evidence demonstrates that exosomes are involved in ischaemic pathology and exhibit restorative therapeutic effects by mediating cell–cell communication. The potential of exosome therapy for ischaemic stroke has been actively investigated in the past decade. In this review, we mainly discuss the current knowledge of therapeutic applications of exosomes from different cell types, different exosomal administration routes, and current advances of exosome tracking and targeting in ischaemic stroke. We also briefly summarised the pathology of ischaemic stroke, exosome biogenesis, exosome profile changes after stroke as well as registered clinical trials of exosome-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of medcine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Medx Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of medcine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China .,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Medx Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
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23
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Jeon J, Bu F, Sun G, Tian JB, Ting SM, Li J, Aronowski J, Birnbaumer L, Freichel M, Zhu MX. Contribution of TRPC Channels in Neuronal Excitotoxicity Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease and Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618663. [PMID: 33490083 PMCID: PMC7820370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven canonical members of transient receptor potential (TRPC) proteins form cation channels that evoke membrane depolarization and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i ) rise, which are not only important for regulating cell function but their deregulation can also lead to cell damage. Recent studies have implicated complex roles of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke. Brain ischemia reduces oxygen and glucose supply to neurons, i.e., Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD), resulting in [Ca2+] i elevation, ion dyshomeostasis, and excitotoxicity, which are also common in many forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Although ionotropic glutamate receptors, e.g., N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, are well established to play roles in excitotoxicity, the contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors and their downstream effectors, i.e., TRPC channels, should not be neglected. Here, we summarize the current findings about contributions of TRPC channels in neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on OGD-induced neuronal death and rodent models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. TRPC channels play both detrimental and protective roles to neurodegeneration depending on the TRPC subtype and specific pathological conditions involved. When illustrated the mechanisms by which TRPC channels are involved in neuronal survival or death seem differ greatly, implicating diverse and complex regulation. We provide our own data showing that TRPC1/C4/C5, especially TRPC4, may be generally detrimental in OGD and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We propose that although TRPC channels significantly contribute to ischemic neuronal death, detailed mechanisms and specific roles of TRPC subtypes in brain injury at different stages of ischemia/reperfusion and in different brain regions need to be carefully and systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepyo Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jin-Bin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shun-Ming Ting
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marc Freichel
- Department of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of R/S-Roscovitine and CDKs Related Inhibition under Both Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Focus on Neurovascular Unit and Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010104. [PMID: 33429982 PMCID: PMC7827530 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Following ischemic stroke, Neurovascular Unit (NVU) inflammation and peripheral leucocytes infiltration are major contributors to the extension of brain lesions. For a long time restricted to neurons, the 10 past years have shown the emergence of an increasing number of studies focusing on the role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) on the other cells of NVU, as well as on the leucocytes. The most widely used CDKs inhibitor, (R)-roscovitine, and its (S) isomer both decreased brain lesions in models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. We previously showed that (S)-roscovitine acted, at least, by modulating NVU response to ischemia. Interestingly, roscovitine was shown to decrease leucocytes-mediated inflammation in several inflammatory models. Specific inhibition of roscovitine majors target CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 showed that these CDKs played key roles in inflammatory processes of NVU cells and leucocytes after brain lesions, including ischemic stroke. The data summarized here support the investigation of roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide an overview of CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 functions in brain cells and leucocytes during cerebral ischemia.
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25
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Liu Y, Guo Y. Activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 by diaminopimelic acid contributes to cerebral ischemia-induced cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett 2020; 743:135547. [PMID: 33352290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain tissue injury is a major obstacle for acute stroke management. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is reported to play a critical role in the regulation of myocardial or hepatic I/R injury. However, its role in cerebral I/R remains elusive. The mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was applied in the study. The cerebral I/R mice were received either PBS or diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-pretreatment. All sham, MCAO, and MCAO + DAP mice were subject to the neurological behavior tests. The proinflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related proteins were determined by ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis, respectively. We found that NOD1 was substantially upregulated in the hippocampus of MCAO mice. DAP treatment significantly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production and autophagy-related protein expression, leading to enlarged cerebral infarction size and poor neurological performance in MCAO + DAP mice compared to MCAO mice. We concluded that activation of NOD1 promotes cerebral I/R injury suggesting that NOD1 may serve as a promising target for alleviating the adverse effects of cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100000, China.
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26
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Balion Z, Ramanauskienė K, Jekabsone A, Majienė D. The Role of Mitochondria in Brain Cell Protection from Ischaemia by Differently Prepared Propolis Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121262. [PMID: 33322707 PMCID: PMC7763930 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are both the primary targets and mediators of ischaemic damage in brain cells. Insufficient oxygen causes reactive oxygen species that damage the mitochondria, leading to the loss of functionality and viability of highly energy-demanding neurons. We have recently found that aqueous (AqEP), polyethylene glycol-aqueous (Pg-AqEP) and ethanolic propolis extracts (EEP) can modulate mitochondria and ROS production in C6 cells of astrocytic origin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the extracts on viability, mitochondrial efficiency and superoxide generation, and inflammatory cytokine release in primary rat cerebellar neuronal-glial cell cultures affected by ischaemia (mimicked by hypoxia +/- deoxyglucose). AqEP and Pg-AqEP (15-60 µg/mL of phenolic compounds, or PC) significantly increased neuronal viability in ischaemia-treated cultures, and this was accompanied by a reduction in mitochondrial superoxide levels. Less extended protection against ischaemia-induced superoxide production and death was exhibited by 2 to 4 µg/mL of PC EEP. Both Pg-AqEP and Ag-EP (but not EEP) significantly protected the cultures from hypoxia-induced elevation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Only Pg-AqEP (but not AqEP or EEP) prevented hypoxia-induced loss of the mitochondrial basal and ATP-coupled respiration rate, and significantly increased the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Summarising, the study revealed that hydrophilic propolis extracts might protect brain cells against ischaemic injury by decreasing the level of mitochondrial superoxide and preventing inflammatory cytokines, and, in the case of Pg-AqEP, by protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniev Balion
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių ave. 13, LT 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (Z.B.); (A.J.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Ramanauskienė
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių ave. 13, LT 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aistė Jekabsone
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių ave. 13, LT 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (Z.B.); (A.J.)
- Laboratory of Preclinical Drug Investigation, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Majienė
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių ave. 13, LT 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-615-23993
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27
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He GQ, Chen Y, Liao HJ, Xu WM, Zhang W, He GL. Associations between Huwe1 and autophagy in rat cerebral neuron oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5083-5094. [PMID: 33173969 PMCID: PMC7646962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are two major protein degradation pathways involved in brain ischemia. Autophagy can compensate for UPS impairment-induced cellular dysfunction. HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Huwe1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, serves critical roles in nervous system plasticity, regeneration and disease. However, the role of Huwe1 in autophagy in brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the crosstalk between autophagy and the UPS in brain ischemia. The present study established an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model in rat primary cortex neurons in vitro. Lentiviral interference was used to silence the expression of Huwe1. An autophagy promoter (rapamycin), an autophagy inhibitor (wortmannin) and a JNK pathway inhibitor (SP600125) were also used in the current study. Cellular autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1, autophagy related (ATG) 7, ATG5, ATG3 and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 α, and apoptosis-related proteins, such as P53, cleaved caspase 3, Bax and Bcl2, were detected via western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated using a TUNEL assay. The results demonstrated that silencing Huwe1 increased the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins at 24 h after OGD/R. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor or cotreatment with Huwe1 shRNA significantly increased autophagy. Rapamycin increased apoptosis under OGD/R conditions. However, treatment with Huwe1 shRNA decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells at 24 h after OGD/R. Cotreatment with Huwe1 shRNA and wortmannin alleviated neuronal apoptosis under OGD/R conditions compared with cotreatment with DMSO. Collectively, the present results suggested that silencing Huwe1 was accompanied by a compensatory induction of autophagy under OGD/R conditions. Furthermore, the JNK pathway may be a key mediator of the interaction between Huwe1 and autophagy in response to UPS impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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28
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Zhu L, Zhou X, Li S, Liu J, Yang J, Fan X, Zhou S. miR‑183‑5p attenuates cerebral ischemia injury by negatively regulating PTEN. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3944-3954. [PMID: 32901892 PMCID: PMC7533437 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common cerebrovascular disease caused by the occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are emerging regulators of various human diseases, including cerebral ischemia. Upregulation of miR‑183‑5p has been reported to alleviate liver injury induced by ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R). However, the effect of miR‑183‑5p on cerebral ischemia injury remains unknown. The present study evaluated the effects of miR‑183‑5p on ischemia injury using ischemic models of mouse brains exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and Neuro‑2A (N2A) neuroblastoma cells exposed to oxygen‑glucose‑deprivation (OGD) and subsequently reoxygenated. Ischemia was evaluated in mice using neurological function scores, cerebral edema, 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazoliumchloride, Nissl and Fluoro‑Jade B staining assays. In addition, miR‑183‑5p expression, N2A cell viability and the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins were detected by quantitative PCR, Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. The association between miR‑183‑5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was also confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that miR‑183‑5p expression was decreased and brain damage was increased in ischemic mice compared with the sham group. Additionally, miR‑183‑5p levels were reduced, and apoptosis was increased in N2A cells exposed to ischemia compared with the control group. Following transfection with agomiR‑183‑5p, cerebral ischemic injury and apoptosis levels were reduced in the in vivo I/R stroke model and OGD‑induced N2A cells. In addition, PTEN was determined to be a target of miR‑183‑5p following elucidation of a direct binding site. Overexpression of PTEN reversed the miR‑183‑5p‑induced N2A cell apoptosis inhibition and survival after OGD. The results of the present study suggested that miR‑183‑5p reduced ischemic injury by negatively regulating PTEN, which may aid the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyun Fan
- Department of General Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Shengnian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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29
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Moon JH, Park SY. Prion peptide-mediated calcium level alteration governs neuronal cell damage through AMPK-autophagy flux. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:109. [PMID: 32650778 PMCID: PMC7353712 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distinctive molecular structure of the prion protein, PrPsc, is established only in mammals with infectious prion diseases. Prion protein characterizes either the transmissible pathogen itself or a primary constituent of the disease. Our report suggested that prion protein-mediated neuronal cell death is triggered by the autophagy flux. However, the alteration of intracellular calcium levels, AMPK activity in prion models has not been described. This study is focused on the effect of the changes in intracellular calcium levels on AMPK/autophagy flux pathway and PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Western blot and Immunocytochemistry was used to detect AMPK and autophagy-related protein expression. Flow cytometry and a TdT-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the percentage of apoptotic cells. Calcium measurement was employed using fluo-4 by confocal microscope. Results We examined the effect of calcium homeostasis alterations induced by human prion peptide on the autophagy flux in neuronal cells. Treatment with human prion peptide increased the intracellular calcium concentration and induced cell death in primary neurons as well as in a neuronal cell line. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we showed that the L-type calcium channel is involved in the cellular entry of calcium ions. Inhibition of calcium uptake prevented autophagic cell death and reduction in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity induced by human prion peptide. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that prion peptide-mediated calcium inflow plays a pivotal role in prion peptide-induced autophagic cell death, and reduction in AMPK activity in neurons. Altogether, our results suggest that calcium influx might play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea.
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30
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Neuroprotection by Phytoestrogens in the Model of Deprivation and Resupply of Oxygen and Glucose In Vitro: The Contribution of Autophagy and Related Signaling Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060545. [PMID: 32580379 PMCID: PMC7346137 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens can have a neuroprotective effect towards ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal damage. However, their mechanism of action has not been well described. In this work, we investigate the type of neuronal cell death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and resupply (OGDR) and pinpoint some of the signaling mechanisms whereby the neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens occur in these conditions. First, we found that autophagy initiation affords neuronal protection upon neuronal damage induced by OGD and OGDR. The mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal S6 kinase (mTOR/S6K) pathway is blocked in these conditions, and we provide evidence that this is mediated by modulation of both the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. These are dampened up or down, respectively, under OGDR-induced neuronal damage. In contrast, the MAPK-Erk kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathway is increased under these conditions. Regarding the pathways affected by phytoestrogens, we show that their protective properties require autophagy initiation, but at later stages, they decrease mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AMPK activation and increase mTOR/S6K activation. Collectively, our results put forward a novel mode of action where phytoestrogens play a dual role in the regulation of autophagy by acting as autophagy initiation enhancers when autophagy is a neuroprotective and pro-survival mechanism, and as autophagy initiation inhibitors when autophagy is a pro-death mechanism. Finally, our results support the therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens in brain ischemia by modulating autophagy.
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Acaz-Fonseca E, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Aliena-Valero A, Salom JB, Torregrosa G, García-Segura LM. Insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex: Focus on neuroglobin, sex steroids and autophagy. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2756-2770. [PMID: 32243028 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Including sex is of paramount importance in preclinical and clinical stroke researches, and molecular studies dealing in depth with sex differences in stroke pathophysiology are needed. To gain insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex, male and female adult rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) and other functionally related molecules involved in sex steroid signalling (oestrogen and androgen receptors), steroidogenesis (StAR, TSPO and aromatase) and autophagic activity (LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio, UCP2 and HIF-1α) was assessed in the ipsilateral ischaemic and contralateral non-ischaemic hemispheres. An increased expression of Ngb was detected in the injured female cerebral cortex. In contrast, increased expression of oestrogen receptor α, GPER, StAR, TSPO and UCP2, and decreased androgen receptor expression were detected in the injured male cortex. In both sexes, the ischaemic insult induced an upregulation of LC3B-II/-I ratio, indicative of increased autophagy. Therefore, the cerebral cortex activates both sex-specific and common molecular responses with neuroprotective potential after ischaemia-reperfusion, which globally results in similar stroke outcome in both sexes. Nonetheless, these different potential molecular targets should be taken into account when neuroprotective drugs aiming to reduce brain damage in ischaemic stroke are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Acaz-Fonseca
- Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis M García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Halbe L, Rami A. Inhibition of Autophagy Potentiated Hippocampal Cell Death Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and its Activation by Trehalose Failed to be Neuroprotective. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:3-11. [PMID: 30706781 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190131155834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced the mobilization of two protein breakdown routes, the proteasomal- and autophagy-associated degradation. During ERassociated degradation, unfolded ER proteins are translocated to the cytosol where they are cleaved by the proteasome. When the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins excels the ER capacity, autophagy can be activated in order to undertake the degradative machinery and to attenuate the ER stress. Autophagy is a mechanism by which macromolecules and defective organelles are included in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling of bioenergetics substrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autophagy upon ER stress serves initially as a protective mechanism, however when the stress is more pronounced the autophagic response will trigger cell death. Because autophagy could function as a double edged sword in cell viability, we examined the effects autophagy modulation on ER stress-induced cell death in HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells. We investigated the effects of both autophagy-inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy-activation by trehalose on ER-stress induced damage in hippocampal HT22 neurons. We evaluated the expression of ER stress- and autophagy-sensors as well as the neuronal viability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we conclude that under ER-stress conditions, inhibition of autophagy exacerbates cell damage and induction of autophagy by trehalose failed to be neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Halbe
- Institut fur Zellulare und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universitat, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut fur Zellulare und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universitat, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Electroacupuncture pretreatment prevents ischemic stroke and inhibits Wnt signaling-mediated autophagy through the regulation of GSK-3β phosphorylation. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:90-98. [PMID: 32142833 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese replacement therapy, is widely accepted to treat ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence show that autophagy is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia injury and the Wnt/GSK3β pathway, playing an important role in protecting central nervous system. In this study, rats were treated with EA prior to focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Deficit score, infarct volumes and levels of autophagy markers, such as LC3I, LC3II and p62, were assessed with either PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or a GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) was made in the primitive neuron in vitro, and was respectively treated with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA, LiCl, GSK3β siRNA, or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The results indicated that EA pretreatment increased the levels of autophagy marker LC3-II and reduced the levels of p62. Meanwhile, deficit outcome was improved, and infarct volumes were reduced by EA pretreatment. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of EA pretreatment were reversed by wortmannin. LiCl and GSK3β siRNA can mimic the neuroprotective effects of EA pretreatment by downregulating autophagy, and increasing protein levels of p-mTOR, p-GSK3β and β-catenin in OGD/R neurons. However, the protective effects of GSK3β siRNA were blocked by rapamycin. These results suggest that EA pretreatment induces tolerance to cerebral ischemia by inhibiting autophagy via the Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK3β.
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Postischemic supplementation of folic acid improves neuronal survival and regeneration in vitro. Nutr Res 2020; 75:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhu S, Chen M, Chen M, Ye J, Ying Y, Wu Q, Dou H, Bai L, Mao F, Ni W, Yu K. Fibroblast Growth Factor 22 Inhibits ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Improves Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32116697 PMCID: PMC7026669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, inhibiting or reducing neuronal cell death is the main strategy to improve recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Therapies using nerve growth factors to treat SCI mainly focused on reducing the area damaged by postinjury degeneration to promote functional recovery. In this report, we investigated the mechanism of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-induced apoptosis and the protective action of fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) in vivo. Our results demonstrated that ER stress-induced apoptosis plays a significant role in injury of SCI model rats. FGF22 administration promoted recovery and increased neuron survival in the spinal cord lesions of model mice. The protective effect of FGF22 is related to decreased expression of CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), caspase-12, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (Eif-2α) and Bad which are ER stress-induced apoptosis response proteins. Moreover, FGF22 administration also increased the number of neurons and the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) which was related to axon regeneration. We also demonstrated that the protective effect of FGF22 effectively reduces neuronal apoptosis and promotes axonal regeneration. Our study first illustrated that the function of FGF22 is related to the inhibition of ER stress-induced cell death in SCI recovery via activation of downstream signals. This study also suggested a new tendency of FGF22 therapy development in central neural system injuries, which involved chronic ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengji Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yibo Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haicheng Dou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liyunian Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangmin Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kehe Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Circ_016719 plays a critical role in neuron cell apoptosis induced by I/R via targeting miR-29c/Map2k6. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 49:101478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to brain tissue ischemia, hypoxic necrosis, and brain softening caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain without adequate collateral circulation, thus resulting in neurological symptoms. Autophagy is activated in various cell types in the brain, such as neurons, glial cells, and microvascular cells, upon ischemic stroke. Autophagy efflux injury plays an important role in this pathologic process. This chapter outlines the induction of basal autophagy, autophagy in neurons, and the crosstalk between autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis that contributes to ischemic stroke. We will highlight the interactions between autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of autophagy in ischemic stroke. We will also review the recent advances in the understanding of the involvement of autophagy in the pathological process of cerebral ischemic preconditioning, periconditioning, and postconditioning.
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Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury Through Inducing Astrocytes Autophagy via TSC2/mTOR Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:210-217. [PMID: 31654225 PMCID: PMC7230061 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although there is an increment in stroke burden in the world, stroke therapeutic strategies are still extremely limited to a minority of patients. We previously demonstrated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) protects against focal cerebral ischemia via inhibiting neurons autophagy. Nevertheless, the role of DEX in regulating astrocytes autophagic status in oxygen–glucose deprivation, a condition that mimics cerebral ischemia, is still unknown. In this study, we have shown that DEX and DEX + RAPA (autophagy inducer) increased viability and reduced apoptosis of primary astrocytes in oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model compared with DEX + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (autophagy inhibitor). DEX induced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1, while reduced the expression of p62 in primary cultured astrocytes through induction of autophagy. In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, our study suggests that DEX exerts a neuroprotection against OGD-induced astrocytes injury via activation of astrocytes autophagy by regulating the TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanisms of DEX treatment for acute ischemic injury.
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Wang K, Chu D, Wu J, Zhao M, Zhang M, Li B, Du W, Du J, Guo R. WITHDRAWN: Cinobufagin induced cell apoptosis and protective autophagy through the ROS/MAPK signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019:116642. [PMID: 31301417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Danxia Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Mengling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Bijun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Jianmin Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshedong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
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Hase Y, Chen A, Bates LL, Craggs LJL, Yamamoto Y, Gemmell E, Oakley AE, Korolchuk VI, Kalaria RN. Severe white matter astrocytopathy in CADASIL. Brain Pathol 2019; 28:832-843. [PMID: 29757481 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is characterized by strategic white matter (WM) hyperintensities on MRI. Pathological features include WM degeneration, arteriolosclerosis, lacunar infarcts, and the deposition of granular osmiophilic material. Based on the hypothesis that the gliovascular unit is compromised, we assessed the nature of astrocyte damage in the deep WM of CADASIL subjects. METHODS We evaluated post-mortem brains from CADASIL, cerebral small vessel disease, similar age cognitively normal and older control subjects. Standard immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, and unbiased stereological methods were used to evaluate the distribution of astrocytes, microvessels, and autophagy markers in five different brain regions. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the deep WM of CADASIL subjects overall showed increased numbers of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive clasmatodendritic astrocytes (P=0.037) and a decrease in the percentage of normal appearing astrocytes (P=0.025). In accord with confluent WM hyperintensities, the anterior temporal pole contained abundant clasmatodendritic astrocytes with displaced aquaporin 4 immunoreactivity. Remarkably, we also found strong evidence for the immunolocalization of autophagy markers including microtubule-associated protein 1, light chain 3 (LC3), and sequestosome 1/p62 and Caspase-3 in GFAP-positive clasmatodendritic cells, particularly within perivascular regions of the deep WM. LC3 was co-localized in more than 90% of the GFAP-positive clasmatodendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings show astrocytes undergo autophagy-like cell death in CADASIL, with the anterior temporal pole being highly vulnerable. We propose astrocytes transform from normal appearing type A to hypertrophic type B and eventually to clasmatodendritic type C cells. These observations also suggest the gliovascular unit of the deep WM is severely impaired in CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aiqing Chen
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Letitia L Bates
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucinda J L Craggs
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yumi Yamamoto
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gemmell
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Arthur E Oakley
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Zhang X, Fu C, Chen B, Xu Z, Zeng Z, He L, Lu Y, Chen Z, Liu X. Autophagy Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Mediates the Injury to the Neurovascular Unit. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1373-1382. [PMID: 30787267 PMCID: PMC6394142 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is characterized by the degradation of cellular components in autophagosomes. It plays a significant role in cerebral ischemic injury and has a complex functional connection with apoptosis. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a structural and functional unit of the nervous system presented as a therapeutic target of stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy induced by ischemic damage on NVUs. MATERIAL AND METHODS SH-SY5Y cells, C6 cells, and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells were cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) exposure for different time durations, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was added as an autophagy inhibitor. In all 3 cell lines, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured. Furthermore, apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide labeling and immunofluorescence staining. Autophagosomes were observed through AO/MDC (acridine orange/monodansycadaverine) double staining. LC3-II expression levels were evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS In the OGD groups of 3 cell lines, LDH leakage, and apoptotic rates were obviously increased. Remarkable increase in LC3-II expression was found in the OGD groups of SH-SY5Y cells and C6 cells. However, 3-MA decreased the LC3-II expression to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS OGD could induce the over-activation of autophagy and augment the apoptotic activity in neurons and glial cells of NVUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Fu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenmin Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zixiu Zeng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lijuan He
- Department of Neurology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhong X, Chen X, Wang J, Ying G. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1022. [PMID: 30692904 PMCID: PMC6339887 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the use of advanced electron microscopy and molecular biology tools, several studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the development of ischemic stroke. A series of molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of autophagy. In this work, the possible molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during ischemic stroke were reviewed and new potential targets for the study and treatment of ischemic stroke were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuanhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinle Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guozheng Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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He GQ, Xu WM, Liao HJ, Jiang C, Li CQ, Zhang W. Silencing Huwe1 reduces apoptosis of cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1977-1985. [PMID: 31290456 PMCID: PMC6676871 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (Huwe1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is widely expressed in brain tissue. Huwe1 is involved in the turnover of numerous substrates, including p53, Mcl-1, Cdc6 and N-myc, thereby playing a critical role in apoptosis and neurogenesis. However, the role of Huwe1 in brain ischemia and reperfusion injury remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Huwe1 in an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. At 3 days in vitro, primary cortical neurons were transduced with a control or shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector to silence expression of Huwe1. At 7 days in vitro, the cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. To examine the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway, cortical neurons were pretreated with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or a p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203508) for 30 minutes at 7 days in vitro, followed by ischemia and reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Protein expression levels of JNK and p38MAPK and of apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Gadd45a, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence labeling for cleaved caspase-3 was performed. We observed a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis and Huwe1 expression after ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector markedly decreased Huwe1 levels, and significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells after ischemia and reperfusion. The silencing vector also downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Gadd45a and Bcl-2. Silencing Huwe1 also significantly reduced p-JNK levels and increased p-p38 levels. Our findings show that downregulating Huwe1 affects the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways as well as the expression of apoptosis-related genes to provide neuroprotection during ischemia and reperfusion. All animal experiments and procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan University, China in January 2018 (approval No. 2018013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liao
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Ge H, Li Z, Jiang L, Li Q, Geng C, Yao X, Shi X, Liu Y, Cao J. Cr (VI) induces crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy through endoplasmic reticulum stress in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:35-42. [PMID: 30416085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], which is widely found in occupational environments, is a recognized human carcinogen. In this study, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in Cr (VI)-induced crosstalk of apoptosis and autophagy was investigated. Cr (VI) resulted in ER stress by upregulating the expression of GRP78 and p-PERK. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA), an inhibitor of ER stress, reduced both Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that ER stress played an important role in Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells. Furthermore, Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis preceded autophagy. Z-VAD-FMK, the suppressor of apoptosis, repressed Cr (VI)-induced autophagy. Pretreatment with 3-MA, the inhibitor of autophagy, increased Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis. Exposure to Cr (VI) significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) during Cr (VI) treatment for 6-12 h. However, Cr (VI)-reduced MMP rescued significantly after treatment with Cr (VI) for 24 h compared with that of 6 h and 12 h groups, suggesting that Cr (VI)-induced autophagy at 24 h might rescue Cr (VI)-induced decrease of MMP through engulfing damaged mitochondria and then inhibit apoptosis in A549 cells. Above all, our results indicated that Cr (VI)-induced ER stress plays an important role in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. The autophagy might be apoptosis-dependent and subsequently prevents apoptosis cell death to keep A549 cells resistant to Cr (VI)-induced further toxicity. This maybe underlies the mechanism of Cr (VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ge
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Chi H, Chang HY, Sang TK. Neuronal Cell Death Mechanisms in Major Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3082. [PMID: 30304824 PMCID: PMC6213751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in the central nervous system has always been a challenging process to decipher. In normal physiological conditions, neuronal cell death is restricted in the adult brain, even in aged individuals. However, in the pathological conditions of various neurodegenerative diseases, cell death and shrinkage in a specific region of the brain represent a fundamental pathological feature across different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will briefly go through the general pathways of cell death and describe evidence for cell death in the context of individual common neurodegenerative diseases, discussing our current understanding of cell death by connecting with renowned pathogenic proteins, including Tau, amyloid-beta, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin and TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yun Chang
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Kang Sang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan.
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Molecular Communication of a Dying Neuron in Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092834. [PMID: 30235837 PMCID: PMC6164443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When a main artery of the brain occludes, a cellular response involving multiple cell types follows. Cells directly affected by the lack of glucose and oxygen in the neuronal core die by necrosis. In the periphery surrounding the ischemic core (the so-called penumbra) neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells react to detrimental factors such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in different ways. The fate of the neurons in this area is multifactorial, and communication between all the players is important for survival. This review focuses on the latest research relating to synaptic loss and the release of apoptotic bodies and other extracellular vesicles for cellular communication in stroke. We also point out possible treatment options related to increasing neuronal survival and regeneration in the penumbra.
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Huang Y, Ohta Y, Shang J, Morihara R, Nakano Y, Fukui Y, Liu X, Shi X, Feng T, Yamashita T, Sato K, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Suzuki E, Hasumi K, Abe K. Antineuroinflammatory Effect of SMTP-7 in Ischemic Mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:3084-3094. [PMID: 30078758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7) has both potentials of thrombolytic and neuroprotective effects, but its detailed neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic stroke are still unclear. Here, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of SMTP-7 for anti-inflammatory and antiapoptosis mechanisms after 60 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. METHODS After 60minutes of tMCAO, 0.9% NaCl, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), SMTP-7 or tPA+SMTP-7 was intravenously administrated through subclavian vein just before the reperfusion, and these mice were examined at 24hours after reperfusion. We histologically assessed the antineuroinflammatory effect of SMTP-7 on the expressive changes of inflammatory markers in ischemic mouse brains. RESULTS Compared with the vehicle and tPA groups, SMTP-7 treatment significantly improved clinical scores and decreased the infarct volume and the numbers of TNF-α, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the brain of mice at 24hours after tMCAO but not p62-positive cells. However, tPA+SMTP-7 treatment did not show such effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that SMTP-7 provides a therapeutic benefit for ischemic stroke mice through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects but not antiautophagic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jingwei Shang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan.
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Zhang T, Lu D, Yang W, Shi C, Zang J, Shen L, Mai H, Xu A. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Relieve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Autophagy Inhibition in Rats With Permanent Brain Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:405. [PMID: 29970982 PMCID: PMC6018104 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring and expanding the indications of common clinical drugs, such as statins, is important to improve the prognosis of patients with permanent cerebral infarction. It has been suggested that reversing the defects in cellular autophagy and ER stress with statin therapy may be a potential treatment option for reducing ischemic damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) by electrocoagulation surgery. Atorvastatin (ATV, 10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally. Rats were divided into the vehicle-treated (SHAM), ATV pretreatment for MCAO (AMCAO), and 3-methyladenine (3MA) combined with ATV pretreatment (3MAMCAO) groups. Magnetic resonance imaging, as well as immunohistochemical and Western blot assessments, were performed 24 h after MCAO. Each ATV-treated group demonstrated significant reductions in infarct volume compared with that in the vehicle-treated group at 24 h after MCAO, which was associated with autophagy reduction and ER stress attenuation in neurons and neovascularization. Next, Western blotting was used to detect the levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3B and P62 and of ER stress pathway proteins. However, 3MA significantly partially inhibited the ER stress pathway via limiting the autophagic flux in the AMCAO group. In conclusion, our results imply that the neuroprotective function of ATV depends on autophagic activity to diminish ER stress-related cell apoptosis in rats with PMCAO and suggest that compounds that inhibit autophagic activity might reduce the neuroprotective effect of ATV after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyong Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Zang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Mai
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang H, Zhong K, Lu M, Mei Y, Tan E, Sun X, Tan W. Neuroprotective effects of isosteviol sodium through increasing CYLD by the downregulation of miRNA-181b. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Rami A, Benz A. Exclusive Activation of Caspase-3 in Mossy Fibers and Altered Dynamics of Autophagy Markers in the Mice Hippocampus upon Status Epilepticus Induced by Kainic Acid. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4492-4503. [PMID: 28685385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are generally associated with pathological changes in the hippocampus such as astrogliosis, mossy fiber sprouting, and neuronal damage. However, more than 30% of temporal lobe epilepsy in humans shows neither neuronal damage nor mossy fiber sprouting despite chronic epileptic seizures. A similar situation exists in certain commonly used strains of mice, specifically C57BL/6 and BALB/c, which exhibit epileptic seizures, but no neuronal damage upon kainic acid administration. This suggests that intrinsic factors may influence the pathological manifestations of epilepsy. Mechanisms which are behind the resistance of hippocampal cells to KA-induced neuronal death are unknown. Autophagy seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of many brain insults and to have a dual nature in neuroprotection and cell death. This study addresses the role of autophagy upon status epilepticus (SE) that has been induced by kainic acid (KA) in the C57BL/6 strain which is classified as seizure resistant. We analyzed the dynamics in the expression of autophagic and cell death markers in the hippocampus upon SE. Immunofluorescence data show that KA did not induce neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1-CA3 subfields; however, it leads to an exclusive activation of caspase-3 in the mossy fibers. We also found alterations in the expression of core proteins of the autophagic machinery. Levels of MAP1LC3, phospho-mTOR/mTOR, and Beclin 1 were significantly increased after induction of seizures. However, levels of Atg3, Atg14, Atg5-Atg12, Atg7, BAG3, Hsp70, and LAMP1 showed no significant alterations compared to controls. Although KA did not induce neuronal death, this study provides morphological and biochemical evidence that status epilepticus induced by KA activates caspase-3 in mossy fibers and induces autophagy in the C57BL/6 hippocampus. These data indicate that autophagic factors may modulate the sensitivity of pyramidal cells to KA and that autophagy may constitute a part of an endogenous neuroprotective arsenal which might be behind the resistance of C57BL/6-hippocampal cells to KA-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rami
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Universitätsklinikum, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - A Benz
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Anatomie (Anatomie III), Universitätsklinikum, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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