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Willis J, Anders RA, Torigoe T, Hirohashi Y, Bifulco C, Zlobec I, Mlecnik B, Demaria S, Choi WT, Dundr P, Tatangelo F, Di Mauro A, Baldin P, Bindea G, Marliot F, Haicheur N, Fredriksen T, Kirilovsky A, Buttard B, Vasaturo A, Lafontaine L, Maby P, El Sissy C, Hijazi A, Majdi A, Lagorce C, Berger A, Van den Eynde M, Pagès F, Lugli A, Galon J. Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Pathologists' Assessment Compared to Immunoscore. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4045. [PMID: 37627073 PMCID: PMC10452341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Immunoscore (IS) is a quantitative digital pathology assay that evaluates the immune response in cancer patients. This study reports on the reproducibility of pathologists' visual assessment of CD3+- and CD8+-stained colon tumors, compared to IS quantification. METHODS An international group of expert pathologists evaluated 540 images from 270 randomly selected colon cancer (CC) cases. Concordance between pathologists' T-score, corresponding hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides, and the digital IS was evaluated for two- and three-category IS. RESULTS Non-concordant T-scores were reported in more than 92% of cases. Disagreement between semi-quantitative visual assessment of T-score and the reference IS was observed in 91% and 96% of cases before and after training, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that the concordance index between pathologists and the digital IS was weak in two- and three-category IS, respectively. After training, 42% of cases had a change in T-score, but no improvement was observed with a Kappa of 0.465 and 0.374. For the 20% of patients around the cut points, no concordance was observed between pathologists and digital pathology analysis in both two- and three-category IS, before or after training (all Kappa < 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The standardized IS assay outperformed expert pathologists' T-score evaluation in the clinical setting. This study demonstrates that digital pathology, in particular digital IS, represents a novel generation of immune pathology tools for reproducible and quantitative assessment of tumor-infiltrated immune cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Willis
- Department of Pathology, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | | | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genomics, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA;
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (I.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Won-Tak Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.T.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.T.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Pamela Baldin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole GAEN), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Marliot
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nacilla Haicheur
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tessa Fredriksen
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amos Kirilovsky
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Buttard
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Lafontaine
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maby
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Assia Hijazi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amine Majdi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christine Lagorce
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Berger
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Digestive Surgery Department, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Van den Eynde
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1030 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Franck Pagès
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Lugli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (I.Z.); (A.L.)
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France; (B.M.); (G.B.); (F.M.); (N.H.); (T.F.); (A.K.); (B.B.); (A.V.); (L.L.); (P.M.); (C.E.S.); (A.H.); (A.M.); (C.L.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
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Mlecnik B, Lugli A, Bindea G, Marliot F, Bifulco C, Lee JKJ, Zlobec I, Rau TT, Berger MD, Nagtegaal ID, Vink-Börger E, Hartmann A, Geppert CI, Kolwelter J, Merkel S, Grützmann R, Van den Eynde M, Jouret-Mourin A, Kartheuser A, Léonard D, Remue C, Wang J, Bavi P, Roehrl MHA, Ohashi PS, Nguyen LT, Han S, MacGregor HL, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Wouters BG, Masucci GV, Andersson EK, Zavadova E, Vocka M, Spacek J, Petruzelka L, Konopasek B, Dundr P, Skalova H, Nemejcova K, Botti G, Tatangelo F, Delrio P, Ciliberto G, Maio M, Laghi L, Grizzi F, Fredriksen T, Buttard B, Lafontaine L, Maby P, Majdi A, Hijazi A, El Sissy C, Kirilovsky A, Berger A, Lagorce C, Paustian C, Ballesteros-Merino C, Dijkstra J, van de Water C, Vliet SVLV, Knijn N, Mușină AM, Scripcariu DV, Popivanova B, Xu M, Fujita T, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Okuno K, Torigoe T, Sato N, Furuhata T, Takemasa I, Patel P, Vora HH, Shah B, Patel JB, Rajvik KN, Pandya SJ, Shukla SN, Wang Y, Zhang G, Kawakami Y, Marincola FM, Ascierto PA, Fox BA, Pagès F, Galon J. Multicenter International Study of the Consensus Immunoscore for the Prediction of Relapse and Survival in Early-Stage Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020418. [PMID: 36672367 PMCID: PMC9856473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of Immunoscore was evaluated in Stage II/III colon cancer (CC) patients, but it remains unclear in Stage I/II, and in early-stage subgroups at risk. An international Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) study evaluated the pre-defined consensus Immunoscore in tumors from 1885 AJCC/UICC-TNM Stage I/II CC patients from Canada/USA (Cohort 1) and Europe/Asia (Cohort 2). METHODS: Digital-pathology is used to quantify the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte in the center of tumor (CT) and the invasive margin (IM). The time to recurrence (TTR) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), prognosis in Stage I, Stage II, Stage II-high-risk, and microsatellite-stable (MSS) patients. RESULTS: High-Immunoscore presented with the lowest risk of recurrence in both cohorts. In Stage I/II, recurrence-free rates at 5 years were 78.4% (95%-CI, 74.4−82.6), 88.1% (95%-CI, 85.7−90.4), 93.4% (95%-CI, 91.1−95.8) in low, intermediate and high Immunoscore, respectively (HR (Hi vs. Lo) = 0.27 (95%-CI, 0.18−0.41); p < 0.0001). In Cox multivariable analysis, the association of Immunoscore to outcome was independent (TTR: HR (Hi vs. Lo) = 0.29, (95%-CI, 0.17−0.50); p < 0.0001) of the patient’s gender, T-stage, sidedness, and microsatellite instability-status (MSI). A significant association of Immunoscore with survival was found for Stage II, high-risk Stage II, T4N0 and MSS patients. The Immunoscore also showed significant association with TTR in Stage-I (HR (Hi vs. Lo) = 0.07 (95%-CI, 0.01−0.61); P = 0.016). The Immunoscore had the strongest (69.5%) contribution χ2 for influencing survival. Patients with a high Immunoscore had prolonged TTR in T4N0 tumors even for patients not receiving chemotherapy, and the Immunoscore remained the only significant parameter in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: In early CC, low Immunoscore reliably identifies patients at risk of relapse for whom a more intensive surveillance program or adjuvant treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mlecnik
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Lugli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Marliot
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Department of Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Jiun-Kae Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T. Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin D. Berger
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris D. Nagtegaal
- Pathology Department, Radboud University, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Vink-Börger
- Pathology Department, Radboud University, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Department of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Kolwelter
- Department of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Van den Eynde
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Medical Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole MIRO), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Jouret-Mourin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Institut de Recherche Clinique et Experimentale (Pole GAEN), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alex Kartheuser
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Digestive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Léonard
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Digestive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Remue
- Institut Roi Albert II, Department of Digestive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Wang
- Curandis, New York, NY 10583, USA
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 11-E444, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Prashant Bavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael H. A. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 11-E444, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Linh T. Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - SeongJun Han
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | | | - Sara Hafezi-Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 11-E444, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | | | - Giuseppe V. Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia K. Andersson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Zavadova
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Spacek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Konopasek
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Skalova
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Nemejcova
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Instituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Tessa Fredriksen
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Buttard
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Lafontaine
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Maby
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amine Majdi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Assia Hijazi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Amos Kirilovsky
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Berger
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Digestive Surgery Department, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Lagorce
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christopher Paustian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carmen Ballesteros-Merino
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeroen Dijkstra
- Pathology Department, Radboud University, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nikki Knijn
- Pathology Department, Radboud University, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana-Maria Mușină
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dragos-Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Boryana Popivanova
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Fujita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okuno
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama 589-0014, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Furuhata
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Prabhu Patel
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Hemangini H. Vora
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Birva Shah
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | | | - Kruti N. Rajvik
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Shashank J. Pandya
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Shilin N. Shukla
- The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad 380016, India
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an 710061, China
- Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Paolo A. Ascierto
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bernard A. Fox
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | - Franck Pagès
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Immunomonitoring Platform, Laboratory of Immunology, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-4427-9085
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3
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment includes a complex network of cytokines and chemokines that contribute to shaping the intratumoral immune reaction. Understanding the mechanisms leading to immune-hot (Immunoscore-high) altered (excluded and immunosuppressed) and cold tumors are of critical importance for successful anti-cancer therapies. Two essential mechanisms are highlighted. Specific chemokines and adhesion molecules appeared to target and attract immune effector T cells to the tumor microenvironment and to specific regions within the tumor. These mechanisms are dependent upon intratumoral IL-15 expression. Decreased IL15 expression also affected the local proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. A comprehensive analysis revealed a major contribution of IL15 in shaping the tumor immune contexture. Thus, an in situ lymphocytic infiltration is mediated through chemokines and attraction inside or around the tumor microenvironment, and an IL15-mediated in situ lymphocytic proliferation, which expand the local pool of intratumoral cytotoxic CD8 T-cells are key determinants of the immune contexture. Increased IL15 expression and local proliferation of T-cells were associated with decreased risk of tumor recurrence and prolonged survival of cancer patients. These data provide further mechanisms to prioritize research and help in designing better therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bindea
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 3:e27048. [PMID: 24605265 PMCID: PMC3937194 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1997, for the first time in history, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), i.e., the chimeric anti-CD20 molecule rituximab, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in cancer patients. Since then, the panel of mAbs that are approved by international regulatory agencies for the treatment of hematopoietic and solid malignancies has not stopped to expand, nowadays encompassing a stunning amount of 15 distinct molecules. This therapeutic armamentarium includes mAbs that target tumor-associated antigens, as well as molecules that interfere with tumor-stroma interactions or exert direct immunostimulatory effects. These three classes of mAbs exert antineoplastic activity via distinct mechanisms, which may or may not involve immune effectors other than the mAbs themselves. In previous issues of OncoImmunology, we provided a brief scientific background to the use of mAbs, all types confounded, in cancer therapy, and discussed the results of recent clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach. Here, we focus on mAbs that primarily target malignant cells or their interactions with stromal components, as opposed to mAbs that mediate antineoplastic effects by activating the immune system. In particular, we discuss relevant clinical findings that have been published during the last 13 months as well as clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to investigate the therapeutic profile of hitherto investigational tumor-targeting mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
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5
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Cytokines, Masticatory Muscle Inflammation, and Pain: an Update. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:790-795. [PMID: 32008162 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins secreted by diverse types of immune and non-immune cells and play a role in the communication between the immune and nervous systems. Cytokines include lymphokines, monokines, chemokines, interleukins, interferons, colony stimulating factors, and growth factors. They can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory and have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities. These proteins are involved in initiation and persistence of pain, and the progress of hyperalgesia and allodynia, upon stimulating nociceptive sensory neurons, and inducing central sensitization. The objective of this review is to discuss several types of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and their relation with inflammatory pain in masticatory muscles.
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6
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The Arabian camel, Camelus dromedarius interferon epsilon: Functional expression, in vitro refolding, purification and cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213880. [PMID: 31490936 PMCID: PMC6730848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study highlights, for the first time, cloning, overexpression and purification of the novel interferon epsilon (IFNƐ), from the Arabian camel Camelus dromedaries. The study then assesses the cytotoxicity of IFNε against two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Full-length cDNA encoding interferon epsilon (IFNε) was isolated and cloned from the liver of the Arabian camel, C. dromedarius using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The sequence analysis of the camel IFNε cDNA showed a 582-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 193 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 21.230 kDa. A BLAST search analysis revealed that the C. dromedarius IFNε shared high sequence identity with the IFN genes of other species, such as Camelus ferus, Vicugna pacos, and Homo sapiens. Expression of the camel IFNε cDNA in Escherichia coli gave a fusion protein band of 24.97 kDa after induction with either isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside or lactose for 5 h. Recombinant IFNε protein was overexpressed in the form of inclusion bodies that were easily solubilized and refolded using SDS and KCl. The solubilized inclusion bodies were purified to apparent homogeneity using nickel affinity chromatography. We examined the effect of IFNε on two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. In both cell lines, IFNε inhibited cell survival in a dose dependent manner as observed by MTT assay, morphological changes and apoptosis assay. Caspase-3 expression level was found to be increased in MDA-MB-231 treated cells as compared to untreated cells.
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7
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Palata O, Hradilova Podzimkova N, Nedvedova E, Umprecht A, Sadilkova L, Palova Jelinkova L, Spisek R, Adkins I. Radiotherapy in Combination With Cytokine Treatment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:367. [PMID: 31179236 PMCID: PMC6538686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in the management of cancer patients. RT is used in more than 50% of patients during the course of their disease in a curative or palliative setting. In the past decades it became apparent that the abscopal effect induced by RT might be dependent on the activation of immune system, and that the induction of immunogenic cancer cell death and production of danger-associated molecular patterns from dying cells play a major role in the radiotherapy-mediated anti-tumor efficacy. Therefore, the combination of RT and immunotherapy is of a particular interest that is reflected in designing clinical trials to treat patients with various malignancies. The use of cytokines as immunoadjuvants in combination with RT has been explored over the last decades as one of the immunotherapeutic combinations to enhance the clinical response to anti-cancer treatment. Here we review mainly the data on the efficacy of IFN-α, IL-2, IL-2-based immunocytokines, GM-CSF, and TNF-α used in combinations with various radiotherapeutic techniques in clinical trials. Moreover, we discuss the potential of IL-15 and its analogs and IL-12 cytokines in combination with RT based on the efficacy in preclinical mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Palata
- SOTIO a.s, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nada Hradilova Podzimkova
- SOTIO a.s, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | - Lenka Palova Jelinkova
- SOTIO a.s, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Spisek
- SOTIO a.s, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Adkins
- SOTIO a.s, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Abstract
This microreview details recent developments in stimuli-responsive polymers with phosphorus in the main-chain, in particular polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters. The presence of phosphorus in the polymers endows unique properties onto the macromolecules, which can be utilized for the preparation of materials capable of physically responding to specific stimuli. Achieving the desired responsiveness has been much facilitated by recent developments in synthetic polymer chemistry, in particular controlled synthesis and backbone functionalization phosphorus-based polymers, in order to achieve the required properties and hence responsiveness of the materials. The development of phosphorus-based polymers which respond to the most important stimuli are discussed, namely, pH, oxidation, reduction, temperature and biological triggers. The polymers are placed in the context not just of each other but also with reference to state-of-the-art organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
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9
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Khvatkov P, Firsov A, Shvedova A, Shaloiko L, Kozlov O, Chernobrovkina M, Pushin A, Tarasenko I, Chaban I, Dolgov S. Development of Wolffia arrhiza as a Producer for Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor. Front Chem 2018; 6:304. [PMID: 30140670 PMCID: PMC6094986 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the expression of recombinant proteins in transgenic plants is becoming a powerful alternative to classical expression methods. Special efforts are directed to the development of contained cultivation systems based on cell culture or rhyzosecretion, which reliably prevents the heterologous DNA releasing into the environment. A promising object for the development of such systems is the tiny aquatic plant of Wolffia arrhiza, which can be used as a dipped culture in bioreactors. Herein we have expressed the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) in nuclear-transformed Wolffia. The nucleotide sequence of hG-CSF was optimized for expression in Wolffia and cloned into the vector pCamGCSF downstream of double CaMV 35S promoter. Wolffia plants were successfully transformed and 34 independent transgenic lines with hG-CSF gene were obtained, PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the transgenic origin of these lines. Western blot analysis revealed accumulation of the target protein in 33 transgenic lines. Quantitative ELISA of protein extracts from these lines showed hG-CSF accumulation up to 35.5 mg/kg of Wolffia fresh weight (0.194% of total soluble protein). This relatively high yield holds promise for the development of Wolffia-based expression system in strictly controlled format to produce various recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Khvatkov
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sector of Plant Bioengineering, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - Alexsey Firsov
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Shvedova
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Shaloiko
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Oleg Kozlov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Mariya Chernobrovkina
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Pushin
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sector of Plant Bioengineering, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia.,Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Irina Tarasenko
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Inna Chaban
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Sector of Plant Bioengineering, Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia.,Laboratory of Expression Systems and Modification of the Plant Genome "BIOTRON", Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
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10
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García-Martínez E, Smith M, Buqué A, Aranda F, de la Peña FA, Ivars A, Cánovas MS, Conesa MAV, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunostimulation with recombinant cytokines for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1433982. [PMID: 29872569 PMCID: PMC5980390 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1433982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines regulate virtually aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the initiation, execution and extinction of tumor-targeting immune responses. Over the past three decades, the possibility of using recombinant cytokines as a means to elicit or boost clinically relevant anticancer immune responses has attracted considerable attention. However, only three cytokines have been approved so far by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, namely, recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 and two variants of recombinant interferon alpha 2 (IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b). Moreover, the use of these cytokines in the clinics is steadily decreasing, mostly as a consequence of: (1) the elevated pleiotropism of IL-2, IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b, resulting in multiple unwarranted effects; and (2) the development of highly effective immunostimulatory therapeutics, such as immune checkpoint blockers. Despite this and other obstacles, research in the field continues as alternative cytokines with restricted effects on specific cell populations are being evaluated. Here, we summarize research preclinical and clinical developments on the use of recombinant cytokines for immunostimulation in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martínez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Melody Smith
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Ivars
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez Cánovas
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Aichhorn S, Linhardt A, Halfmann A, Nadlinger M, Kirchberger S, Stadler M, Dillinger B, Distel M, Dohnal A, Teasdale I, Schöfberger W. A pH-sensitive Macromolecular Prodrug as TLR7/8 Targeting Immune Response Modifier. Chemistry 2017; 23:17721-17726. [PMID: 28758266 PMCID: PMC5763314 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis and biological activity of novel functionalized imidazoquinoline derivatives (ImQ) to generate Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 specific prodrugs are presented. In vivo activity of ImQs to induce inflammation was confirmed in zebrafish larvae. After covalent ligation to fully biodegradable polyphosphazenes (ImQ-polymer), the macromolecular prodrugs were designed to undergo intracellular pH-sensitive release of ImQs to induce inflammation through binding to endosomal TLR7/8 (danger signal). We showed ImQ dissociation from prodrugs at a pH 5 pointing towards endosomal prodrug degradability. ImQ-polymers strongly activated ovalbumin-specific T cells in murine splenocytes as shown by increased proliferation and expression of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) on CD8+ T cells accompanied by strong IFN-γ release. ImQ prodrugs presented here are suggested to form the basis of novel nanovaccines, for example, for intravenous or intratumoral cancer immunotherapeutic applications to trigger physiological antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Aichhorn
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Anne Linhardt
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Angela Halfmann
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Markus Nadlinger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Stefanie Kirchberger
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Manuela Stadler
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Dillinger
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Distel
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Dohnal
- Tumorimmunology and Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V. CCRI-Children's Cancer Research InstituteZimmermannplatz 101090ViennaAustria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler UniversityAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
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12
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Valedkarimi Z, Nasiri H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Majidi J. Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins for improving efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:731-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Valentine FT, Golomb FM, Harris M, Roses DF. A novel immunization strategy using cytokine/chemokines induces new effective systemic immune responses, and frequent complete regressions of human metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1386827. [PMID: 29308310 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1386827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses have been elicited by a variety of cancer vaccines, but seldom induce regressions of established cancers in humans. As a novel therapeutic immunization strategy, we tested the hypothesis that multiple cytokines/chemokines secreted early in secondary responses ex-vivo might mimic the secretory environment guiding new immune responses. The early development of immune responses is regulated by multiple cytokines/chemokines acting together, which at physiologic concentrations act locally in concert with antigen to have non-specific effects on adjacent cells, including the maturation of dendritic cells, homing and retention of T cells at the site of antigen, and the differentiation and expansion of T cell clones with appropriate receptors. We postulated that repeated injections into a metastasis of an exogenous chemokine/cytokine mixture might establish the environment of an immune response and allow circulating T cell clones to self- select for mutant neo-epitopes in the tumor and generate systemic immune responses. To test this idea we injected some metastases in patients with multiple cutaneous melanoma nodules while never injecting other control metastases in the same patient. New immune responses were identified by the development of dense lymphocytic infiltrates in never-injected metastases, and the frequent complete regression of never-injected metastases, a surprising observation. 70% of subjects developed dense infiltrates of cytotoxic CD8 cells in the center and margin of never-injected metastases; 38% of subjects had complete and often durable regressions of all metastases, without the use of check-point inhibitors, suggesting that, as a proof-of-principle, an immunization strategy can control advanced human metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred T Valentine
- Departments of Medicine, the New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick M Golomb
- Department of Surgery, the New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Surgery, the New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel F Roses
- Department of Surgery, the New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Nakata R, Shimada H, Fernandez GE, Fanter R, Fabbri M, Malvar J, Zimmermann P, DeClerck YA. Contribution of neuroblastoma-derived exosomes to the production of pro-tumorigenic signals by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1332941. [PMID: 28717423 PMCID: PMC5505006 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1332941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment promoting survival, dormancy and therapeutic resistance in tumor cells. Central to this function are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Here, using neuroblastoma (NB) as a model, we demonstrate that NB cells release an extracellular vesicle (EVs) whose protein cargo is enriched in exosomal proteins but lacks cytokines and chemokines. Using three different purification methods, we then demonstrate that NB-derived exosomes were captured by MSCs and induced the production of pro-tumorigenic cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8/CXCL8, vascular endothelial cell growth factor and monocyte-chemotactic protein-1, with exosomes prepared by size exclusion chromatography having the highest activity. We found no correlation between the IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8 stimulatory activity of exosomes from eight NB cell lines and their origin, degree of MYCN amplification, drug resistance and disease status. We then demonstrate that the uptake of NB exosomes by MSCs was associated with a rapid increase in ERK1/2 and AKT activation, and that blocking ERK1/2 but not AKT activation inhibited the IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8 production by MSCs without affecting exosome uptake. Thus, we describe a new mechanism by which NB cells induce in MSCs an inflammatory reaction that contributes to a favorable microenvironment in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nakata
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob Fanter
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muller Fabbri
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jemily Malvar
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068-CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Simon EJ, Howells MA, Stuart JD, Boehme KW. Serotype-Specific Killing of Large Cell Carcinoma Cells by Reovirus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060140. [PMID: 28587298 PMCID: PMC5490817 DOI: 10.3390/v9060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reovirus is under development as a therapeutic for numerous types of cancer. In contrast to other oncolytic viruses, the safety and efficacy of reovirus have not been improved through genetic manipulation. Here, we tested the oncolytic capacity of recombinant strains (rs) of prototype reovirus laboratory strains T1L and T3D (rsT1L and rsT3D, respectively) in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We found that rsT1L was markedly more cytolytic than rsT3D in the large cell carcinoma cell lines tested, whereas killing of adenocarcinoma cell lines was comparable between rsT1L and rsT3D. Importantly, non-recombinant T1L and T3D phenocopied the kinetics and magnitude of cell death induced by recombinant strains. We identified gene segments L2, L3, and M1 as viral determinants of strain-specific differences cell killing of the large cell carcinoma cell lines. Together, these results indicate that recombinant reoviruses recapitulate the cell killing properties of non-recombinant, tissue culture-passaged strains. These studies provide a baseline for the use of reverse genetics with the specific objective of engineering more effective reovirus oncolytics. This work raises the possibility that type 1 reoviruses may have the capacity to serve as more effective oncolytics than type 3 reoviruses in some tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Simon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Morgan A Howells
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Johnasha D Stuart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Karl W Boehme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Response, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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16
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Ping Y, Liu C, Zhang Y. T-cell receptor-engineered T cells for cancer treatment: current status and future directions. Protein Cell 2017; 9:254-266. [PMID: 28108950 PMCID: PMC5829268 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are a novel option for adoptive cell therapy used for the treatment of several advanced forms of cancer. Work using TCR-engineered T cells began more than two decades ago, with numerous preclinical studies showing that such cells could mediate tumor lysis and eradication. The success of these trials provided the foundation for clinical trials, including recent clinical successes using TCR-engineered T cells to target New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1). These successes demonstrate the potential of this approach to treat cancer. In this review, we provide a perspective on the current and future applications of TCR-engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer. Our summary focuses on TCR activation and both pre-clinical and clinical applications of TCR-engineered T cells. We also discuss how to enhance the function of TCR-engineered T cells and prolong their longevity in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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17
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Targeting VEGF-A in myeloid cells enhances natural killer cell responses to chemotherapy and ameliorates cachexia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12528. [PMID: 27538380 PMCID: PMC4992172 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a mainstay of cancer treatment but its use is often limited by the development of adverse reactions. Severe loss of body weight (cachexia) is a frequent cause of death in cancer patients and is exacerbated by chemotherapy. We show that genetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in myeloid cells prevents chemotherapy-induced cachexia by inhibiting skeletal muscle loss and the lipolysis of white adipose tissue. It also improves clearance of senescent tumour cells by natural killer cells and inhibits tumour regrowth after chemotherapy. The effects depend on the chemoattractant chemerin, which is released by the tumour endothelium in response to chemotherapy. The findings define chemerin as a critical mediator of the immune response, as well as an important inhibitor of cancer cachexia. Targeting myeloid cell-derived VEGF signalling should impede the lipolysis and weight loss that is frequently associated with chemotherapy, thereby substantially improving the therapeutic outcome. Chemerin is an adipokine often downregulated in tumours. Here the authors show that chemotherapy induces chemerin production by endothelial cells, leading to cachexia, and that VEGF ablation in myeloid cells prevents cachexia in a chemerin-dependent manner, and improves chemotherapeutic effects.
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18
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Adenoviral Delivery of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-2 Enables Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy of Immunosuppressive Melanoma. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1435-43. [PMID: 27357626 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell transfer is a promising treatment approach for metastatic cancer, but efficacy in solid tumors has only been achieved with toxic pre- and postconditioning regimens. Thus, adoptive T-cell therapies would benefit from complementary modalities that enable their full potential without excessive toxicity. We aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of adoptive T-cell transfer by using adenoviral vectors for direct delivery of immunomodulatory murine cytokines into B16.OVA melanoma tumors with concomitant T-cell receptor transgenic OT-I T-cell transfer. Armed adenoviruses expressed high local and low systemic levels of cytokine when injected into B16.OVA tumors, suggesting safety of virus-mediated cytokine delivery. Antitumor efficacy was significantly enhanced with adenoviruses coding for murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (mTNFα) when compared with T-cell transfer alone or viruses alone. Further improvement in efficacy was achieved with a triple combination of mIL-2, mTNFα, and OT-I T-cells. Mechanistic studies suggest that mIL-2 has an important role in activating T-cells at the tumor, while mTNFα induces chemokine expression. Furthermore, adenovirus treatments enhanced tumor-infiltration of OT-I T-cells as demonstrated by SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled cells. Our results suggest the utility of cytokine-coding adenoviruses for improving the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies.
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19
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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20
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Pol J, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. First oncolytic virus approved for melanoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1115641. [PMID: 26942095 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
On 2015, October 27th, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has officially approved talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC, also known as OncoVEXGM-CSF) for use in melanoma patients with injectable but non-resectable lesions in the skin and lymph nodes. T-VEC (which is commercialized by Amgen, Inc. under the name of Imlygic®) becomes therefore the first oncolytic virus approved for cancer therapy in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Share senior co-authorship
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Share senior co-authorship
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21
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Bloy N, Buqué A, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Immunostimulation with cytokines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1115942. [PMID: 27057468 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of clinically relevant interventions that would trigger potent (and hence potentially curative) anticancer immune responses. Indeed, developing neoplasms normally establish local and systemic immunosuppressive networks that inhibit tumor-targeting immune effector cells, be them natural or elicited by (immuno)therapy. One possible approach to boost anticancer immunity consists in the (generally systemic) administration of recombinant immunostimulatory cytokines. In a limited number of oncological indications, immunostimulatory cytokines mediate clinical activity as standalone immunotherapeutic interventions. Most often, however, immunostimulatory cytokines are employed as immunological adjuvants, i.e., to unleash the immunogenic potential of other immunotherapeutic agents, like tumor-targeting vaccines and checkpoint blockers. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical advances in the use of some cytokines as immunostimulatory agents in oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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22
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Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Garofalo M, Romaniuk D, Kuryk L, Sarvela T, Vitale A, Antopolsky M, Magarkar A, Viitala T, Suutari T, Bunker A, Yliperttula M, Urtti A, Cerullo V. Oncolytic adenoviruses coated with MHC-I tumor epitopes increase the antitumor immunity and efficacy against melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1105429. [PMID: 27141389 PMCID: PMC4839367 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of the immune system using oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) has attracted significant interest and several studies suggested that OAds immunogenicity might be important for their efficacy. Therefore, we developed a versatile and rapid system to adsorb tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) peptides onto the viral surface to drive the immune response toward the tumor epitopes. By studying the model epitope SIINFEKL, we demonstrated that the peptide-coated OAd (PeptiCRAd) retains its infectivity and the cross presentation of the modified-exogenous epitope on MHC-I is not hindered. We then showed that the SIINFEKL-targeting PeptiCRAd achieves a superior antitumor efficacy and increases the percentage of antitumor CD8+ T cells and mature epitope-specific dendritic cells in vivo. PeptiCRAds loaded with clinically relevant tumor epitopes derived from tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) and human gp100 could reduce the growth of primary-treated tumors and secondary-untreated melanomas, promoting the expansion of antigen-specific T-cell populations. Finally, we tested PeptiCRAd in humanized mice bearing human melanomas. In this model, a PeptiCRAd targeting the human melanoma-associated antigen A1 (MAGE-A1) and expressing granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was able to eradicate established tumors and increased the human MAGE-A1-specific CD8+ T cell population. Herein, we show that the immunogenicity of OAds plays a key role in their efficacy and it can be exploited to direct the immune response system toward exogenous tumor epitopes. This versatile and rapid system overcomes the immunodominance of the virus and elicits a tumor-specific immune response, making PeptiCRAd a promising approach for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Dmitrii Romaniuk
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teea Sarvela
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Vitale
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness (DiSMEB), University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via G. Salvatore 486 , Naples, Italy
| | - Maxim Antopolsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Suutari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
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Harmatha J, Vokáč K, Buděšínský M, Zídek Z, Kmoníčková E. Immunobiological properties of sesquiterpene lactones obtained by chemically transformed structural modifications of trilobolide. Fitoterapia 2015; 107:90-99. [PMID: 26474674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research on immunostimulatory properties of trilobolide and its structurally related natural analogues isolated from Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., encouraged us to investigate structurally related guaianolides belonging to a specific group of sesquiterpene lactones with characteristic glycol moiety attached to the lactone ring. Ever increasing attention has been paid to certain guaianolides such as thapsigargin and trilobolide for their promising anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-infectious and SERCA inhibitory activities. However, due to their alkylation capabilities, they might be cytotoxic. Search for compounds with preserved immunobiological properties and decreased cytotoxicity led us to transform some of their structural features, particularly those related to their side chain functionality. For this reason, we prepared a series of over 20 various deacylated, acyl modified, or relactonized derivatives of trilobolide. The immunobiological effects were screened in vitro using the rat peritoneal cells primed with lipopolysaccharide. Secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL) IL-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA, and nitric oxide (NO) production by Griess reagent. Relation between the molecular structure and immunobiological activity was investigated. Acetylation at 7-OH and 11-OH positions of the lactone ring, or acyl modification of the guaianolide functionalities (including relactonization) of trilobolide, led to inability to stimulate secretion of cytokines and production of NO. Interestingly, minor structural changes achieved by catalytic hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis retained the original immunoactivity of trilobolide. It can be concluded that several new chemically transformed sesquiterpene lactones resembling the immunobiological properties of trilobolide or thapsigargin were prepared and identified. The implication of the lactone vicinal diol (glycol) moiety, combined with other structure functionality, was confirmed as essential for immune properties of the trilobolide or thapsigargin type of guaianolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Harmatha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Vokáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Zídek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague 142 20, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen 326 00, Czech Republic
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24
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Fucikova J, Moserova I, Urbanova L, Bezu L, Kepp O, Cremer I, Salek C, Strnad P, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Spisek R. Prognostic and Predictive Value of DAMPs and DAMP-Associated Processes in Cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:402. [PMID: 26300886 PMCID: PMC4528281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that human neoplasms form, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system. In particular, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the efficacy of most, if not all, chemo- and radiotherapeutic agents commonly employed in the clinic critically depends on the (re)activation of tumor-targeting immune responses. One of the mechanisms whereby conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents, and radiotherapy can provoke a therapeutically relevant, adaptive immune response against malignant cells is commonly known as “immunogenic cell death.” Importantly, dying cancer cells are perceived as immunogenic only when they emit a set of immunostimulatory signals upon the activation of intracellular stress response pathways. The emission of these signals, which are generally referred to as “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs), may therefore predict whether patients will respond to chemotherapy or not, at least in some settings. Here, we review clinical data indicating that DAMPs and DAMP-associated stress responses might have prognostic or predictive value for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Irena Moserova
- Sotio , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Linda Urbanova
- Sotio , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Cyril Salek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Gynecology and Obsterics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
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25
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Favorable alteration of tumor microenvironment by immunomodulatory cytokines for efficient T-cell therapy in solid tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131242. [PMID: 26107883 PMCID: PMC4479879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable ratios between the number and activation status of effector and suppressor immune cells infiltrating the tumor contribute to resistance of solid tumors to T-cell based therapies. Here, we studied the capacity of FDA and EMA approved recombinant cytokines to manipulate this balance in favor of efficient anti-tumor responses in B16.OVA melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. Intratumoral administration of IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T-cell (OT-I) therapy, whereas GM-CSF increased tumor growth in association with an increase in immunosuppressive cell populations. None of the cytokines augmented tumor trafficking of OT-I cells significantly, but injections of IFN-α2, IFN-γ and IL-2 increased intratumoral cytokine secretion and recruitment of endogenous immune cells capable of stimulating T-cells, such as natural killer and maturated CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, IFN-α2 and IL-2 increased the levels of activated tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells concomitant with reduction in the CD8+ T-cell expression of anergy markers CTLA-4 and PD-1. In conclusion, intratumoral administration of IFN-α2, IFN-γ and IL-2 can lead to immune sensitization of the established tumor, whereas GM-CSF may contribute to tumor-associated immunosuppression. The results described here provide rationale for including local administration of immunostimulatory cytokines into T-cell therapy regimens. One appealing embodiment of this would be vectored delivery which could be advantageous over direct injection of recombinant molecules with regard to efficacy, cost, persistence and convenience.
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Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Combinatorial immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers solves the problem of metastatic melanoma-An exclamation sign with a question mark. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1058037. [PMID: 26140249 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1058037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from recent clinical trials demonstrate that a combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimen based on 2 distinct checkpoint blockers, namely, the CTLA4-targeting agent ipilimumab and the PD-1-specific molecule nivolumab, causes objective responses in a majority of subjects with advanced melanoma. These findings revolutionize the treatment of a neoplasm that was considered incurable until recently. Nonetheless, announcing the defeat of melanoma appears premature. Indeed, a sizeable fraction of patients does not respond to ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and the long-term efficacy of this immunotherapeutic regimen has not yet been investigated. Moreover, many patients experience severe side effects, calling for the development of strategies that uncouple the efficacy of ipilimumab plus nivolumab from their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- INSERM ; U1138; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute ; Villejuif, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM ; U1138; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute ; Villejuif, France
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27
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Bloy N, Buqué A, Aranda F, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Sautès-Fridman C, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Naked and vectored DNA-based anticancer vaccines. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1026531. [PMID: 26155408 PMCID: PMC4485755 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1026531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One type of anticancer vaccine relies on the administration of DNA constructs encoding one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The ultimate objective of these preparations, which can be naked or vectored by non-pathogenic viruses, bacteria or yeast cells, is to drive the synthesis of TAAs in the context of an immunostimulatory milieu, resulting in the (re-)elicitation of a tumor-targeting immune response. In spite of encouraging preclinical results, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines employed as standalone immunotherapeutic interventions in cancer patients appears to be limited. Thus, efforts are currently being devoted to the development of combinatorial regimens that allow DNA-based anticancer vaccines to elicit clinically relevant immune responses. Here, we discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of this therapeutic paradigm.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- CDR, complementarity-determining region
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- DC, dendritic cell
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- GX-188E
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HPV, human papillomavirus
- IL, interleukin
- OS, overall survival
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PAP, prostate acid phosphatase
- SCGB2A2, secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2
- SOX2, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2
- T, brachyury homolog
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TRA, tumor rejection antigen
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- VGX-3100
- WT1, Wilms tumor 1
- adjuvants
- dendritic cell
- electroporation
- mucosal immunity
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System; Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sotio a.c; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 13; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c; Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c; Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology; 2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- INSERM, U970; Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC); Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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28
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Apetoh L, Ladoire S, Coukos G, Ghiringhelli F. Combining immunotherapy and anticancer agents: the right path to achieve cancer cure? Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1813-1823. [PMID: 25922066 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials revealed the impressive efficacy of immunological checkpoint blockade in different types of metastatic cancers. Such data underscore that immunotherapy is one of the most promising strategies for cancer treatment. In addition, preclinical studies provide evidence that some cytotoxic drugs have the ability to stimulate the immune system, resulting in anti-tumor immune responses that contribute to clinical efficacy of these agents. These observations raise the hypothesis that the next step for cancer treatment is the combination of cytotoxic agents and immunotherapies. The present review aims to summarize the immune-mediated effects of chemotherapeutic agents and their clinical relevance, the biological and clinical features of immune checkpoint blockers and finally, the preclinical and clinical rationale for novel therapeutic strategies combining anticancer agents and immune checkpoint blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Apetoh
- Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - S Ladoire
- Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Ghiringhelli
- Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, INSERM, U866, Dijon; Department of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon; Department of Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.
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29
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Buqué A, Bloy N, Aranda F, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Marabelle A, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008814. [PMID: 26137403 PMCID: PMC4485728 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) differ from their tumor-targeting counterparts because they exert therapeutic effects by directly interacting with soluble or (most often) cellular components of the immune system. Besides holding promise for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, immunomodulatory mAbs have recently been shown to constitute a potent therapeutic weapon against neoplastic conditions. One class of immunomodulatory mAbs operates by inhibiting safeguard systems that are frequently harnessed by cancer cells to establish immunological tolerance, the so-called "immune checkpoints." No less than 3 checkpoint-blocking mAbs have been approved worldwide for use in oncological indications, 2 of which during the past 12 months. These molecules not only mediate single-agent clinical activity in patients affected by specific neoplasms, but also significantly boost the efficacy of several anticancer chemo-, radio- or immunotherapies. Here, we summarize recent advances in the development of checkpoint-blocking mAbs, as well as of immunomodulatory mAbs with distinct mechanisms of action.
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Key Words
- CRC, colorectal carcinoma
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IL, interleukin
- KIR, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
- MEDI4736
- MPDL3280A
- NK, natural killer
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- TGFβ1, transforming growth factor β1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- ipilimumab
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- nivolumab
- pembrolizumab
- urelumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Buqué
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sotio a.c.; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c.; Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c.; Prague, Czech Republic
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- INSERM, U970; Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC); Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138; Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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Vacchelli E, Pol J, Bloy N, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Galon J, Marabelle A, Kohrt H, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e985940. [PMID: 25949870 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.985940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An expanding panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically target malignant cells or intercept trophic factors delivered by the tumor stroma is now available for cancer therapy. These mAbs can exert direct antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects as they inhibit pro-survival signal transduction cascades or activate lethal receptors at the plasma membrane of cancer cells, they can opsonize neoplastic cells to initiate a tumor-targeting immune response, or they can be harnessed to specifically deliver toxins or radionuclides to transformed cells. As an indication of the success of this immunotherapeutic paradigm, international regulatory agencies approve new tumor-targeting mAbs for use in cancer patients every year. Moreover, the list of indications for previously licensed molecules is frequently expanded to other neoplastic disorders as the results of large, randomized clinical trials become available. Here, we discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of tumor-targeting mAbs for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM ; U1015 , Villejuif, France
| | - Holbrook Kohrt
- Department of Medicine; Division of Oncology; Stanford University ; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM ; U1015 , Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou ; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
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31
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Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Pedro JMBS, Buqué A, Senovilla L, Baracco EE, Bloy N, Castoldi F, Abastado JP, Agostinis P, Apte RN, Aranda F, Ayyoub M, Beckhove P, Blay JY, Bracci L, Caignard A, Castelli C, Cavallo F, Celis E, Cerundolo V, Clayton A, Colombo MP, Coussens L, Dhodapkar MV, Eggermont AM, Fearon DT, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Gabrilovich DI, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giaccone G, Gilboa E, Gnjatic S, Hoos A, Hosmalin A, Jäger D, Kalinski P, Kärre K, Kepp O, Kiessling R, Kirkwood JM, Klein E, Knuth A, Lewis CE, Liblau R, Lotze MT, Lugli E, Mach JP, Mattei F, Mavilio D, Melero I, Melief CJ, Mittendorf EA, Moretta L, Odunsi A, Okada H, Palucka AK, Peter ME, Pienta KJ, Porgador A, Prendergast GC, Rabinovich GA, Restifo NP, Rizvi N, Sautès-Fridman C, Schreiber H, Seliger B, Shiku H, Silva-Santos B, Smyth MJ, Speiser DE, Spisek R, Srivastava PK, Talmadge JE, Tartour E, Van Der Burg SH, Van Den Eynde BJ, Vile R, Wagner H, Weber JS, Whiteside TL, Wolchok JD, Zitvogel L, Zou W, Kroemer G. Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies. Oncotarget 2014; 5:12472-508. [PMID: 25537519 PMCID: PMC4350348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into "passive" and "active" based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - José-Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Elisa Elena Baracco
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Abastado
- Pole d'innovation thérapeutique en oncologie, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- INSERM, U1102, Saint Herblain, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Translational Immunology Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Equipe 11, Centre Léon Bérard (CLR), Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Bracci
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERM, U1160, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis-Lariboisière - F. Vidal, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Estaban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Dept. of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Lisa Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Sect. of Hematology and Immunobiology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Wolf H. Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Abhishek Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM, UMR866, Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eli Gilboa
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Sect. of Hematology/Oncology, Immunology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Glaxo Smith Kline, Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Dept. of Oncology, Karolinska Institute Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Klein
- Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Knuth
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Claire E. Lewis
- Academic Unit of Inflammation and Tumour Targeting, Dept. of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse II, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Dept. of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Dept. of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Dept. of Immunology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Dept. of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelis J. Melief
- ISA Therapeutics, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Research Dept. of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adekunke Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcus E. Peter
- Div. of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - George C. Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naiyer Rizvi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Dept. of Pathology, The Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Dept. of Immuno-GeneTherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Dept. of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pramod K. Srivastava
- Dept. of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James E. Talmadge
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoît J. Van Den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard Vile
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey S. Weber
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theresa L. Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Dept. of Medicine and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 507 (CICBT507), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Weiping Zou
- University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée pas la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
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32
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Galluzzi L, Kroemer G, Eggermont A. Novel immune checkpoint blocker approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e967147. [PMID: 25941597 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.967147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Center de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
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33
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Bloy N, Pol J, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Galon J, Tartour E, Spisek R, Dhodapkar MV, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963424. [PMID: 25941593 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as a means to elicit therapeutically relevant immune responses in cancer patients has been extensively investigated throughout the past decade. In this context, DCs are generally expanded, exposed to autologous tumor cell lysates or loaded with specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), and then reintroduced into patients, often in combination with one or more immunostimulatory agents. As an alternative, TAAs are targeted to DCs in vivo by means of monoclonal antibodies, carbohydrate moieties or viral vectors specific for DC receptors. All these approaches have been shown to (re)activate tumor-specific immune responses in mice, often mediating robust therapeutic effects. In 2010, the first DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, also known as Provenge®) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans. Reflecting the central position occupied by DCs in the regulation of immunological tolerance and adaptive immunity, the interest in harnessing them for the development of novel immunotherapeutic anticancer regimens remains high. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Key Words
- DC, dendritic cell
- DC-based vaccination
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IFN, interferon
- MRC1, mannose receptor, C type 1
- MUC1, mucin 1
- TAA, tumor-associated antigen
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- Toll-like receptor agonists
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- WT1, Wilms tumor 1
- antigen cross-presentation
- autophagy
- iDC, immature DC
- immunogenic cell death
- mDC, mature DC
- pDC, plasmacytoid DC
- regulatory T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; INSERM , U970; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology; 2nd Medical School Charles University and University Hospital Motol ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Sotio a.s. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine; Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center; Yale University ; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM , U1138; Paris France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris France
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Bloy N, Pol J, Manic G, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Radioimmunotherapy for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954929. [PMID: 25941606 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the antineoplastic effects of radiation therapy do not simply reflect the ability of X-, β- and γ-rays to damage transformed cells and directly cause their permanent proliferative arrest or demise, but also involve cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Indeed, among other activities, radiotherapy has been shown to favor the establishment of tumor-specific immune responses that operate systemically, underpinning the so-called 'out-of-field' or 'abscopal' effect. Thus, ionizing rays appear to elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar variant of apoptosis associated with the emission of a particularly immunostimulatory combination of damage-associated molecular patterns. In line with this notion, radiation therapy fosters, and thus exacerbates, the antineoplastic effects of various treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy and various immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we summarize recent advances in the use of ionizing rays as a means to induce or potentiate therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses. In addition, we present clinical trials initiated during the past 12 months to test the actual benefit of radioimmunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute ; Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute ; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970 ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
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Abstract
Cytokines, currently known to be more than 130 in number, are small MW (<30 kDa) key signaling proteins that modulate cellular activities in immunity, infection, inflammation and malignancy. Key to understanding their function is recognition of their pleiotropism and often overlapping and functional redundancies. Classified here into 9 main families, most of the 20 approved cytokine preparations (18 different cytokines; 3 pegylated), all in recombinant human (rh) form, are grouped in the hematopoietic growth factor, interferon, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) families. In the hematopoietin family, approved cytokines are aldesleukin (rhIL-2), oprelvekin (rhIL-11), filgrastim and tbo-filgrastim (rhG-CSF), sargramostim (rhGM-CSF), metreleptin (rh-leptin) and the rh-erythropoietins, epoetin and darbepoietin alfa. Anakinra, a recombinant receptor antagonist for IL-1, is in the IL-1 family; recombinant interferons alfa-1, alfa-2, beta-1 and gamma-1 make up the interferon family; palifermin (rhKGF) and becaplermin (rhPDGF) are in the PDGF family; and rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 represent the TGFβ family. The main physicochemical features, FDA-approved indications, modes of action and side effects of these approved cytokines are presented. Underlying each adverse events profile is their pleiotropism, potency and capacity to release other cytokines producing cytokine 'cocktails'. Side effects, some serious, occur despite cytokines being endogenous proteins, and this therefore demands caution in attempts to introduce individual members into the clinic. This caution is reflected in the relatively small number of cytokines currently approved by regulatory agencies and by the fact that 14 of the FDA-approved preparations carry warnings, with 10 being black box warnings.
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36
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Cell death-associated molecular-pattern molecules: inflammatory signaling and control. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:821043. [PMID: 25140116 PMCID: PMC4130149 DOI: 10.1155/2014/821043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are different cellular death programs characterized in organs and tissues as consequence of microbes infection, cell stress, injury, and chemotherapeutics exposure. Dying and death cells release a variety of self-proteins and bioactive chemicals originated from cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. These endogenous factors are named cell death-associated molecular-pattern (CDAMP), damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) molecules, and alarmins. Some of them cooperate or act as important initial or delayed inflammatory mediators upon binding to diverse membrane and cytosolic receptors coupled to signaling pathways for the activation of the inflammasome platforms and NF-κB multiprotein complexes. Current studies show that the nonprotein thiols and thiol-regulating enzymes as well as highly diffusible prooxidant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species released together in extracellular inflammatory milieu play essential role in controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of CDAMP/DAMP and alarmins. Here, we provide an overview of these emerging concepts and mechanisms of triggering and maintenance of tissue inflammation under massive death of cells.
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Manic G, Obrist F, Kroemer G, Vitale I, Galluzzi L. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for cancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29911. [PMID: 27308318 PMCID: PMC4905171 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a highly conserved mechanism for the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is critical for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, both in baseline conditions and in the context of adaptive responses to stress. In line with this notion, defects in the autophagic machinery have been etiologically associated with various human disorders including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Once tumors are established, however, autophagy sustains the survival of malignant cells, hence representing an appealing target for the design of novel anticancer regimens. Accordingly, inhibitors of autophagy including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to mediate substantial antineoplastic effects in preclinical models, especially when combined with chemo- or radiotherapeutic interventions. The pharmacological profile of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, however, appear to involve mechanisms other than autophagy inhibition. Here, we discuss the dual role of autophagy in oncogenesis and tumor progression, and summarize the results or design of clinical studies recently completed or initiated to evaluate the therapeutic activity of chloroquine derivatives in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florine Obrist
- Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM, UMRS1138; Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy; Equipe 11 labelisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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38
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Obrist F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Cremer I, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Immunostimulatory cytokines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e29030. [PMID: 25083328 PMCID: PMC4091551 DOI: 10.4161/onci.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting immune responses provide a significant contribution to (when they do not entirely account for) the clinical activity of diverse antineoplastic regimens, encompassing not only a large panel of immunotherapeutic strategies but also conventional cytotoxic molecules, targeted anticancer agents and irradiation. In line with this notion, several approaches have been devised to elicit novel or boost existing anticancer immune responses, including the administration of immunomodulatory cytokines. Such a relatively unspecific intervention suffices to mediate clinical effects in (at least a subset of) patients bearing particularly immunogenic tumors, like melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. More often, however, immunostimulatory cytokines are administered to boost the immunogenic potential of other agents, including (but not limited to) immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies, anticancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and immunogenic chemotherapeutics. Here, we summarize the latest advances in the clinical development of recombinant cytokines as an immunomodulatory intervention for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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39
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New Medical/Biologic Paradigms in the Treatment of Bone Tumors. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Chretien AS, Le Roy A, Vey N, Prebet T, Blaise D, Fauriat C, Olive D. Cancer-Induced Alterations of NK-Mediated Target Recognition: Current and Investigational Pharmacological Strategies Aiming at Restoring NK-Mediated Anti-Tumor Activity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:122. [PMID: 24715892 PMCID: PMC3970020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of cancer immune-surveillance, which plays a key role in tumor rejection, cancer cells can escape immune recognition through different mechanisms. Thus, evasion to Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated anti-tumor activity is commonly described and is mediated by various mechanisms, mainly cancer cell-induced down-regulation of NK-activating receptors (NCRs, NKG2D, DNAM-1, and CD16) as well as up-regulation of inhibitory receptors (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs, NKG2A). Alterations of NK cells lead to an impaired recognition of tumor cells as well as a decreased ability to interact with immune cells. Alternatively, cancer cells downregulate expression of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors and up-regulate expression of the ligands for inhibitory receptors. A better knowledge of the extent and the mechanisms of these defects will allow developing pharmacological strategies to restore NK cell ability to recognize and lyse tumor cells. Combining conventional chemotherapy and immune modulation is a promising approach likely to improve clinical outcome in diverse neoplastic malignancies. Here, we overview experimental approaches as well as strategies already available in the clinics that restore NK cell functionality. Yet successful cancer therapies based on the manipulation of NK cell already have shown efficacy in the context of hematologic malignancies. Additionally, the ability of cytotoxic agents to increase susceptibility of tumors to NK cell lysis has been studied and may require improvement to maximize this effect. More recently, new strategies were developed to specifically restore NK cell phenotype or to stimulate NK cell functions. Overall, pharmacological immune modulation trends to be integrated in therapeutic strategies and should improve anti-tumor effects of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Chretien
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Aude Le Roy
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Plateforme d’Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Département d’Hématologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Prebet
- Département d’Hématologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Blaise
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Unité de Transplantation et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Plateforme d’Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
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Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Fridman WH, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27297. [PMID: 24701370 PMCID: PMC3961485 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exert antineoplastic effects by eliciting a novel or reinstating a pre-existing antitumor immune response. Most often, immunostimulatory mAbs activate T lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells by inhibiting immunosuppressive receptors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1), or by engaging co-stimulatory receptors, like CD40, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4, best known as OX40) or TNFRSF18 (best known as GITR). The CTLA4-targeting mAb ipilimumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The therapeutic profile of ipilimumab other CTLA4-blocking mAbs, such as tremelimumab, is currently being assessed in subjects affected by a large panel of solid neoplasms. In the last few years, promising clinical results have also been obtained with nivolumab, a PD-1-targeting mAb formerly known as BMS-936558. Accordingly, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab and other PD-1-blocking molecules are being actively investigated. Finally, various clinical trials are underway to test the therapeutic potential of OX40- and GITR-activating mAbs. Here, we summarize recent findings on the therapeutic profile of immunostimulatory mAbs and discuss clinical trials that have been launched in the last 14 months to assess the therapeutic profile of these immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V ; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V ; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V ; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
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42
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Semeraro M, Galluzzi L. Novel insights into the mechanism of action of lenalidomide. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28386. [PMID: 25340011 PMCID: PMC4203586 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Semeraro
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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43
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Eggermont A, Robert C, Soria JC, Zitvogel L. Harnessing the immune system to provide long-term survival in patients with melanoma and other solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27560. [PMID: 24719793 PMCID: PMC3973659 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data from patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulatory agents indicate that harnessing the power of the immune system is integral to achieve improve long-term cancer containment rates and prolong patient survival. Due to their mechanism of action, immunotherapeutic approaches have the potential to be effective against almost every tumor type. Durable responses to immunotherapy and prolonged patient survival have indeed been documented in individuals with melanoma, as well as kidney and lung cancer. These advances call for the re-evaluation of how clinical benefit is measured in an era in which long-term tumor control and survival are achievable treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; Grand Paris; Villejuif, France
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44
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Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26621. [PMID: 24498550 PMCID: PMC3902120 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the past 3 decades, along with the recognition that the immune system not only influences oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also determines how established neoplastic lesions respond therapy, renovated enthusiasm has gathered around the possibility of using vaccines as anticancer agents. Such an enthusiasm quickly tempered when it became clear that anticancer vaccines would have to be devised as therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, measures, and that malignant cells often fail to elicit (or actively suppress) innate and adaptive immune responses. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of anticancer vaccines, including cell-based, DNA-based, and purified component-based preparations, are capable of circumventing the poorly immunogenic and highly immunosuppressive nature of most tumors and elicit (at least under some circumstances) therapeutically relevant immune responses. Great efforts are currently being devoted to the identification of strategies that may provide anticancer vaccines with the capacity of breaking immunological tolerance and eliciting tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity in a majority of patients. In this sense, promising results have been obtained by combining anticancer vaccines with a relatively varied panels of adjuvants, including multiple immunostimulatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. One year ago, in the December issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the biological mechanisms that underlie the antineoplastic effects of peptide-based vaccines and presented an abundant literature demonstrating the prominent clinical potential of such an approach. Here, we review the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on high-profile studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to evaluate purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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Vacchelli E, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fučíková J, Cremer I, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based interventions for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25771. [PMID: 24286020 PMCID: PMC3841205 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) occupy a privileged position at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrating a large panel of responses to both physiological and pathological cues. In particular, whereas the presentation of antigens by immature DCs generally results in the development of immunological tolerance, mature DCs are capable of priming robust, and hence therapeutically relevant, adaptive immune responses. In line with this notion, functional defects in the DC compartment have been shown to etiologically contribute to pathological conditions including (but perhaps not limited to) infectious diseases, allergic and autoimmune disorders, graft rejection and cancer. Thus, the possibility of harnessing the elevated immunological potential of DCs for anticancer therapy has attracted considerable interest from both researchers and clinicians over the last decade. Alongside, several methods have been developed not only to isolate DCs from cancer patients, expand them, load them with tumor-associated antigens and hence generate highly immunogenic clinical grade infusion products, but also to directly target DCs in vivo. This intense experimental effort has culminated in 2010 with the approval by the US FDA of a DC-based preparation (sipuleucel-T, Provenge®) for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. As an update to the latest Trial Watch dealing with this exciting field of research (October 2012), here we summarize recent advances in DC-based anticancer regimens, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials that have been launched in the same period to assess the antineoplastic potential of this variant of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautès-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25238. [PMID: 24083080 PMCID: PMC3782517 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA. More recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic TLR agonists. In spite of such an intense wave of preclinical and clinical investigation, only three TLR agonists are currently licensed by FDA for use in cancer patients: bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that operates as a mixed TLR2/TLR4 agonist; monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of Salmonella minnesota that functions as a potent agonist of TLR4; and imiquimod, a synthetic imidazoquinoline that activates TLR7. One year ago, in the August and September issues of OncoImmunology, we described the main biological features of TLRs and discussed the progress of clinical studies evaluating the safety and therapeutic potential of TLR agonists in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on preclinical studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the antineoplastic activity of TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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