1
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Carrascosa-Sàez M, Colom-Rodrigo A, González-Martínez I, Pérez-Gómez R, García-Rey A, Piqueras-Losilla D, Ballestar A, Llamusí B, Cerro-Herreros E, Artero R. Use of HSA LR female mice as a model for the study of myotonic dystrophy type I. Lab Anim (NY) 2025; 54:92-102. [PMID: 40016516 PMCID: PMC11957995 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-025-01506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
HSALR mice are the most broadly used animal model for studying myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1). However, so far, HSALR preclinical studies have often excluded female mice or failed to document the biological sex of the animals. This leaves an unwanted knowledge gap concerning the differential development of DM1 in males and females, particularly considering that the disease has a different clinical presentation in men and women. Here we compared typical functional measurements, histological features, molecular phenotypes and biochemical plasma profiles in the muscles of male and female HSALR mice in search of any significant between-sex differences that could justify this exclusion of female mice in HSALR studies and, critically, in candidate therapy assays performed with this model. We found no fundamental differences between HSALR males and females during disease development. Both sexes presented comparable functional and tissue phenotypes, with similar molecular muscle profiles. The only sex differences and significant interactions observed were in plasma biochemical parameters, which are also intrinsically variable in patients with DM1. In addition, we tested the influence of age on these measurements. We therefore suggest including female HSALR mice in regular DM1 studies, and recommend documenting the sex of animals, especially in studies focusing on metabolic alterations. This will allow researchers to detect and report any potential differences between male and female HSALR mice, especially regarding the efficacy of experimental treatments that could be relevant to patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carrascosa-Sàez
- ARTHEx Biotech, Paterna, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Anna Colom-Rodrigo
- ARTHEx Biotech, Paterna, Spain
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Martínez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Gómez
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Rey
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- ARTHEx Biotech, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ballestar
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- ARTHEx Biotech, Paterna, Spain.
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ruben Artero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Translational Genomics Group, University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Hicks SM, Frias JA, Mishra SK, Scotti M, Muscato DR, Valero MC, Adams LM, Cleary JD, Nakamori M, Wang E, Berglund JA. Alternative splicing dysregulation across tissue and therapeutic approaches in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102338. [PMID: 39391766 PMCID: PMC11465180 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the leading cause of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, is caused by a CTG repeat expansion. Expression of the repeat causes widespread alternative splicing (AS) defects and downstream pathogenesis, including significant skeletal muscle impacts. The HSA LR mouse model plays a significant role in therapeutic development. This mouse model features a transgene composed of approximately 220 interrupted CTG repeats, which results in skeletal muscle pathology that mirrors DM1. To better understand this model and the growing number of therapeutic approaches developed with it, we performed a meta-analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data for AS changes across three widely examined skeletal muscles: quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior. Our analysis demonstrated that transgene expression correlated with the extent of splicing dysregulation across these muscles from gastrocnemius (highest), quadriceps (medium), to tibialis anterior (lowest). We identified 95 splicing events consistently dysregulated across all examined datasets. Comparison of splicing rescue across seven therapeutic approaches showed a range of rescue across the 95 splicing events from the three muscle groups. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the HSA LR model and the growing number of therapeutic approaches currently in preclinical development for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawyer M. Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jesus A. Frias
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Subodh K. Mishra
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Marina Scotti
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Derek R. Muscato
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - M. Carmen Valero
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Leanne M. Adams
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - John D. Cleary
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Masayuki Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eric Wang
- Center for NeuroGenetics and Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - J. Andrew Berglund
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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3
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Marcella BM, Hockey BL, Braun JL, Whitley KC, Geromella MS, Baranowski RW, Watson CJF, Silvera S, Hamstra SI, Wasilewicz LJ, Crozier RWE, Marais AAT, Kim KH, Lee G, Vandenboom R, Roy BD, MacNeil AJ, MacPherson REK, Fajardo VA. GSK3 inhibition improves skeletal muscle function and whole-body metabolism in male mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:10210. [PMID: 39587049 PMCID: PMC11589163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) improves muscle function, metabolism, and bone health in many diseases and conditions; however, whether GSK3 should be targeted for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe muscle wasting disorder with no cure, remains unknown. Here, we show the effects of GSK3 inhibition in male DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/10 (C57) mdx mice. Treating D2 mdx mice with GSK3 inhibitors alone or in combination with aerobic exercise improves muscle strength, endurance, and morphology, attenuates the hypermetabolic phenotype, and enhances insulin sensitivity. GSK3 inhibition in C57 mdx mice also improves muscle fatigue resistance and increases cage ambulation. Moreover, muscle-specific GSK3 knockdown in mdx mice augments muscle force production and endurance. In both mdx strains, GSK3 inhibition increases bone mineral content and density. Overall, these improvements to muscle, metabolic, and bone health with GSK3 inhibition in mdx mice may have clinical implications for patients with DMD, where the current standard of care, glucocorticoids, delay the loss of ambulation but increase the risk for insulin resistance and osteoporosis. Along with our observation of lowered β-catenin content in DMD myoblasts, a known cellular target for GSK3, this study provides ample evidence in support of inhibiting GSK3 for this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Insulin Resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Marcella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Briana L Hockey
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Kennedy C Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Mia S Geromella
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Silvera
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Luc J Wasilewicz
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Amélie A T Marais
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Brian D Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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4
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van Cruchten RTP, van As D, Glennon JC, van Engelen BGM, 't Hoen PAC, Wenninger S, Daidj F, Cumming S, Littleford R, Monckton DG, Lochmüller H, Catt M, Faber CG, Hapca A, Donnan PT, Gorman G, Bassez G, Schoser B, Knoop H, Treweek S, Wansink DG, Impens F, Gabriels R, Claeys T, Ravel-Chapuis A, Jasmin BJ, Mahon N, Nieuwenhuis S, Martens L, Novak P, Furling D, Baak A, Gourdon G, MacKenzie A, Martinat C, Neault N, Roos A, Duchesne E, Salz R, Thompson R, Baghdoyan S, Varghese AM, Blom P, Spendiff S, Manta A, the OPTIMISTIC consortium, the ReCognitION consortium. Clinical improvement of DM1 patients reflected by reversal of disease-induced gene expression in blood. BMC Med 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36352383 PMCID: PMC9646470 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an incurable multisystem disease caused by a CTG-repeat expansion in the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The OPTIMISTIC clinical trial demonstrated positive and heterogenous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the capacity for activity and social participations in DM1 patients. Through a process of reverse engineering, this study aims to identify druggable molecular biomarkers associated with the clinical improvement in the OPTIMISTIC cohort. METHODS Based on full blood samples collected during OPTIMISTIC, we performed paired mRNA sequencing for 27 patients before and after the CBT intervention. Linear mixed effect models were used to identify biomarkers associated with the disease-causing CTG expansion and the mean clinical improvement across all clinical outcome measures. RESULTS We identified 608 genes for which their expression was significantly associated with the CTG-repeat expansion, as well as 1176 genes significantly associated with the average clinical response towards the intervention. Remarkably, all 97 genes associated with both returned to more normal levels in patients who benefited the most from CBT. This main finding has been replicated based on an external dataset of mRNA data of DM1 patients and controls, singling these genes out as candidate biomarkers for therapy response. Among these candidate genes were DNAJB12, HDAC5, and TRIM8, each belonging to a protein family that is being studied in the context of neurological disorders or muscular dystrophies. Across the different gene sets, gene pathway enrichment analysis revealed disease-relevant impaired signaling in, among others, insulin-, metabolism-, and immune-related pathways. Furthermore, evidence for shared dysregulations with another neuromuscular disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, was found, suggesting a partial overlap in blood-based gene dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS DM1-relevant disease signatures can be identified on a molecular level in peripheral blood, opening new avenues for drug discovery and therapy efficacy assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T P van Cruchten
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël van As
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Molecular and Clinical Implications of Variant Repeats in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010354. [PMID: 35008780 PMCID: PMC8745394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the most variable monogenic diseases at phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic level. The disease is multi-systemic with the age at onset ranging from birth to late age. The underlying mutation is an unstable expansion of CTG repeats in the DMPK gene, varying in size from 50 to >1000 repeats. Generally, large expansions are associated with an earlier age at onset. Additionally, the most severe, congenital DM1 form is typically associated with local DNA methylation. Genetic variability of DM1 mutation is further increased by its structural variations due to presence of other repeats (e.g., CCG, CTC, CAG). These variant repeats or repeat interruptions seem to confer an additional level of epigenetic variability since local DNA methylation is frequently associated with variant CCG repeats independently of the expansion size. The effect of repeat interruptions on DM1 molecular pathogenesis is not investigated enough. Studies on patients indicate their stabilizing effect on DMPK expansions because no congenital cases were described in patients with repeat interruptions, and the age at onset is frequently later than expected. Here, we review the clinical relevance of repeat interruptions in DM1 and genetic and epigenetic characteristics of interrupted DMPK expansions based on patient studies.
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6
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Disrupting the Molecular Pathway in Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413225. [PMID: 34948025 PMCID: PMC8708683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. It consists of two forms: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM1 is associated with a trinucleotide repeat expansion mutation, which is transcribed but not translated into protein. The mutant RNA remains in the nucleus, which leads to a series of downstream abnormalities. DM1 is widely considered to be an RNA-based disorder. Thus, we consider three areas of the RNA pathway that may offer targeting opportunities to disrupt the production, stability, and degradation of the mutant RNA.
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7
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Cerro-Herreros E, González-Martínez I, Moreno N, Espinosa-Espinosa J, Fernández-Costa JM, Colom-Rodrigo A, Overby SJ, Seoane-Miraz D, Poyatos-García J, Vilchez JJ, López de Munain A, Varela MA, Wood MJ, Pérez-Alonso M, Llamusí B, Artero R. Preclinical characterization of antagomiR-218 as a potential treatment for myotonic dystrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:174-191. [PMID: 34513303 PMCID: PMC8413838 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare neuromuscular disease caused by expansion of unstable CTG repeats in a non-coding region of the DMPK gene. CUG expansions in mutant DMPK transcripts sequester MBNL1 proteins in ribonuclear foci. Depletion of this protein is a primary contributor to disease symptoms such as muscle weakness and atrophy and myotonia, yet upregulation of endogenous MBNL1 levels may compensate for this sequestration. Having previously demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides against miR-218 boost MBNL1 expression and rescue phenotypes in disease models, here we provide preclinical characterization of an antagomiR-218 molecule using the HSALR mouse model and patient-derived myotubes. In HSALR, antagomiR-218 reached 40–60 pM 2 weeks after injection, rescued molecular and functional phenotypes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and showed a good toxicity profile after a single subcutaneous administration. In muscle tissue, antagomiR rescued the normal subcellular distribution of Mbnl1 and did not alter the proportion of myonuclei containing CUG foci. In patient-derived cells, antagomiR-218 improved defective fusion and differentiation and rescued up to 34% of the gene expression alterations found in the transcriptome of patient cells. Importantly, miR-218 was found to be upregulated in DM1 muscle biopsies, pinpointing this microRNA (miRNA) as a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Martínez
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Espinosa-Espinosa
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan M Fernández-Costa
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Colom-Rodrigo
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah J Overby
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Seoane-Miraz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Javier Poyatos-García
- The IISLAFE Health Research Institute, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7 planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre ERN EURO-NMD and Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Hospital La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- The IISLAFE Health Research Institute, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7 planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre ERN EURO-NMD and Neuromuscular Pathology and Ataxia Research Group, Hospital La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, P° Dr. Beguiristain s/n, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Donostia-Osakidetza-Departamento de Neurociencias-Universidad del Pais Vasco-CIBERNED
| | - Miguel A Varela
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusí
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Artero
- University Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.,Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 4 acc, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Liu J, Guo ZN, Yan XL, Yang Y, Huang S. Brain Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755392. [PMID: 34867280 PMCID: PMC8634727 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy that affects multiple systems including the muscle and heart. The mutant CTG expansion at the 3'-UTR of the DMPK gene causes the expression of toxic RNA that aggregate as nuclear foci. The foci then interfere with RNA-binding proteins, affecting hundreds of mis-spliced effector genes, leading to aberrant alternative splicing and loss of effector gene product functions, ultimately resulting in systemic disorders. In recent years, increasing clinical, imaging, and pathological evidence have indicated that DM1, though to a lesser extent, could also be recognized as true brain diseases, with more and more researchers dedicating to develop novel therapeutic tools dealing with it. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the pathogenesis and pathology of central nervous system (CNS) deficits in DM1, intervention measures currently being investigated are also highlighted, aiming to promote novel and cutting-edge therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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9
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Pascual-Gilabert M, López-Castel A, Artero R. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 drug development: A pipeline toward the market. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1765-1772. [PMID: 33798646 PMCID: PMC8372527 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic neuromuscular genetic disease with an estimated prevalence of approximately at least half a million individuals based on its vast ethnic variation. Building upon a well-known physiopathology and several proof-of-concept therapeutic approaches, herein we compile a comprehensive overview of the most recent drug development programs under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Specifically, close to two dozen drug developments, eight of which are already in clinical trials, explore a diversity of new chemical entities, drug repurposing, oligonucleotide, and gene therapy-based approaches. Of these, repurposing of tideglusib, mexiletine, or metformin appear to be therapies with the most potential to receive marketing authorization for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo López-Castel
- University Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ruben Artero
- University Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Joint Unit Incliva-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Grande V, Hathazi D, O'Connor E, Marteau T, Schara-Schmidt U, Hentschel A, Gourdon G, Nikolenko N, Lochmüller H, Roos A. Dysregulation of GSK3β-Target Proteins in Skin Fibroblasts of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) Patients. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:603-619. [PMID: 33682722 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common monogenetic muscular disorder of adulthood. This multisystemic disease is caused by CTG repeat expansion in the 3'-untranslated region of the DM1 protein kinase gene called DMPK. DMPK encodes a myosin kinase expressed in skeletal muscle cells and other cellular populations such as smooth muscle cells, neurons and fibroblasts. The resultant expanded (CUG)n RNA transcripts sequester RNA binding factors leading to ubiquitous and persistent splicing deregulation. The accumulation of mutant CUG repeats is linked to increased activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), a highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase with functions in pathways regulating inflammation, metabolism, oncogenesis, neurogenesis and myogenesis. As GSK3β-inhibition ameliorates defects in myogenesis, muscle strength and myotonia in a DM1 mouse model, this kinase represents a key player of DM1 pathobiochemistry and constitutes a promising therapeutic target. To better characterise DM1 patients, and monitor treatment responses, we aimed to define a set of robust disease and severity markers linked to GSK3βby unbiased proteomic profiling utilizing fibroblasts derived from DM1 patients with low (80- 150) and high (2600- 3600) CTG-repeats. Apart from GSK3β increase, we identified dysregulation of nine proteins (CAPN1, CTNNB1, CTPS1, DNMT1, HDAC2, HNRNPH3, MAP2K2, NR3C1, VDAC2) modulated by GSK3β. In silico-based expression studies confirmed expression in neuronal and skeletal muscle cells and revealed a relatively elevated abundance in fibroblasts. The potential impact of each marker in the myopathology of DM1 is discussed based on respective function to inform potential uses as severity markers or for monitoring GSK3β inhibitor treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grande
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Theo Marteau
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Genevieve Gourdon
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Association Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR 974, Paris, France
| | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de AnálisisGenómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, Duisburg-Essen University, Germany.,Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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11
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Datta N, Ghosh PS. Update on Muscular Dystrophies with Focus on Novel Treatments and Biomarkers. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy not only associated with muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia but also prominent multisystem involvement. There are 2 similar, but distinct, forms of myotonic dystrophy; type 1 is caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene, and type 2 is caused by a CCTG repeat expansion in the CNBP gene. Type 1 is associated with distal limb, neck flexor, and bulbar weakness and results in different phenotypic subtypes with variable onset from congenital to very late-onset as well as variable signs and symptoms. The classically described adult-onset form is the most common. In contrast, myotonic dystrophy type 2 is adult-onset or late-onset, has proximal predominant muscle weakness, and generally has less severe multisystem involvement. In both forms of myotonic dystrophy, the best characterized disease mechanism is a RNA toxic gain-of-function during which RNA repeats form nuclear foci resulting in sequestration of RNA-binding proteins and, therefore, dysregulated splicing of premessenger RNA. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies, but clinical surveillance, preventative measures, and supportive treatments are used to reduce the impact of muscular impairment and other systemic involvement including cataracts, cardiac conduction abnormalities, fatigue, central nervous system dysfunction, respiratory weakness, dysphagia, and endocrine dysfunction. Exciting preclinical progress has been made in identifying a number of potential strategies including genome editing, small molecule therapeutics, and antisense oligonucleotide-based therapies to target the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophies at the DNA, RNA, or downstream target level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha LoRusso
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin Weiner
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 West 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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13
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Thomas JD, Oliveira R, Sznajder ŁJ, Swanson MS. Myotonic Dystrophy and Developmental Regulation of RNA Processing. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:509-553. [PMID: 29687899 PMCID: PMC11323716 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a multisystemic disorder caused by microsatellite expansion mutations in two unrelated genes leading to similar, yet distinct, diseases. DM disease presentation is highly variable and distinguished by differences in age-of-onset and symptom severity. In the most severe form, DM presents with congenital onset and profound developmental defects. At the molecular level, DM pathogenesis is characterized by a toxic RNA gain-of-function mechanism that involves the transcription of noncoding microsatellite expansions. These mutant RNAs disrupt key cellular pathways, including RNA processing, localization, and translation. In DM, these toxic RNA effects are predominantly mediated through the modulation of the muscleblind-like and CUGBP and ETR-3-like factor families of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Dysfunction of these RBPs results in widespread RNA processing defects culminating in the expression of developmentally inappropriate protein isoforms in adult tissues. The tissue that is the focus of this review, skeletal muscle, is particularly sensitive to mutant RNA-responsive perturbations, as patients display a variety of developmental, structural, and functional defects in muscle. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of DM1 and DM2 clinical presentation and pathology as well as the underlying cellular and molecular defects associated with DM disease onset and progression. Additionally, fundamental aspects of skeletal muscle development altered in DM are highlighted together with ongoing and potential therapeutic avenues to treat this muscular dystrophy. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:509-553, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Thomas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ruan Oliveira
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Łukasz J. Sznajder
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maurice S. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics and the Genetics Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Palomo V, Perez DI, Roca C, Anderson C, Rodríguez-Muela N, Perez C, Morales-Garcia JA, Reyes JA, Campillo NE, Perez-Castillo AM, Rubin LL, Timchenko L, Gil C, Martinez A. Subtly Modulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β: Allosteric Inhibitor Development and Their Potential for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4983-5001. [PMID: 28548834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is a central target in several unmet diseases. To increase the specificity of GSK-3β inhibitors in chronic treatments, we developed small molecules allowing subtle modulation of GSK-3β activity. Design synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and binding mode of quinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as allosteric modulators of GSK-3β are presented here. Furthermore, we show how allosteric binders may overcome the β-catenin side effects associated with strong GSK-3β inhibition. The therapeutic potential of some of these modulators has been tested in human samples from patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy type 1 (CDM1) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. We found that compound 53 improves delayed myogenesis in CDM1 myoblasts, while compounds 1 and 53 have neuroprotective properties in SMA-derived cells. These findings suggest that the allosteric modulators of GSK-3β may be used for future development of drugs for DM1, SMA, and other chronic diseases where GSK-3β inhibition exhibits therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel I Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Roca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cara Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital , Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| | - Natalia Rodríguez-Muela
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Concepción Perez
- Instituto de Quimica Médica-CSIC , Juan del Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas-CSIC , Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Calle de Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio A Reyes
- Instituto de Quimica Médica-CSIC , Juan del Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas-CSIC , Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Calle de Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital , Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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15
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van Agtmaal EL, André LM, Willemse M, Cumming SA, van Kessel IDG, van den Broek WJAA, Gourdon G, Furling D, Mouly V, Monckton DG, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced (CTG⋅CAG) n Repeat Instability in the Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Locus: Implications for Therapeutic Genome Editing. Mol Ther 2017; 25:24-43. [PMID: 28129118 PMCID: PMC5363205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by (CTG⋅CAG)n-repeat expansion within the DMPK gene and thought to be mediated by a toxic RNA gain of function. Current attempts to develop therapy for this disease mainly aim at destroying or blocking abnormal properties of mutant DMPK (CUG)n RNA. Here, we explored a DNA-directed strategy and demonstrate that single clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-cleavage in either its 5' or 3' unique flank promotes uncontrollable deletion of large segments from the expanded trinucleotide repeat, rather than formation of short indels usually seen after double-strand break repair. Complete and precise excision of the repeat tract from normal and large expanded DMPK alleles in myoblasts from unaffected individuals, DM1 patients, and a DM1 mouse model could be achieved at high frequency by dual CRISPR/Cas9-cleavage at either side of the (CTG⋅CAG)n sequence. Importantly, removal of the repeat appeared to have no detrimental effects on the expression of genes in the DM1 locus. Moreover, myogenic capacity, nucleocytoplasmic distribution, and abnormal RNP-binding behavior of transcripts from the edited DMPK gene were normalized. Dual sgRNA-guided excision of the (CTG⋅CAG)n tract by CRISPR/Cas9 technology is applicable for developing isogenic cell lines for research and may provide new therapeutic opportunities for patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L van Agtmaal
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurène M André
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Cumming
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ingeborg D G van Kessel
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Walther J A A van den Broek
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Gourdon
- Inserm UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Denis Furling
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Darren G Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Pettersson OJ, Aagaard L, Jensen TG, Damgaard CK. Molecular mechanisms in DM1 - a focus on foci. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2433-41. [PMID: 25605794 PMCID: PMC4344492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is caused by abnormal expansion of a CTG-trinucleotide repeat in the gene encoding Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK), which in turn leads to global deregulation of gene expression in affected individuals. The transcribed mRNA contains a massive CUG-expansion in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) facilitating nucleation of several regulatory RNA-binding proteins, which are thus unable to perform their normal cellular function. These CUG-expanded mRNA-protein aggregates form distinct, primarily nuclear foci. In differentiated muscle cells, most of the CUG-expanded RNA remains in the nuclear compartment, while in dividing cells such as fibroblasts a considerable fraction of the mutant RNA reaches the cytoplasm, consistent with findings that both nuclear and cytoplasmic events are mis-regulated in DM1. Recent evidence suggests that the nuclear aggregates, or ribonuclear foci, are more dynamic than previously anticipated and regulated by several proteins, including RNA helicases. In this review, we focus on the homeostasis of DMPK mRNA foci and discuss how their dynamic regulation may affect disease-causing mechanisms in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Joakim Pettersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Gryesten Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Building 1240, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Kroun Damgaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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