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Mohammed MT, Al-Qaisi TS, Jabbar AAJ, Raouf MMHM, Ismail PA, Mothana RA, Fantoukh OI, Hassan RR, Abdulla MA, Saleh MI, Awad M. Prophylactic Effects of Rhamnetin Flavonoid on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration by Modulating HSP 70/Bax, SOD/MDA and TNF-α/IL-10. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2025; 52:e70029. [PMID: 39971354 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.70029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Rhamnetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound found in many wild plant species and indigenous fruits. Despite its numerous biological potentials, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, there is a lack of literature elucidating its gastroprotective action and anticipating molecular mechanism. Natural products can be a good alternative to overcome the side effects and relapses associated with anti-ulcer drugs. This study aims to elucidate rhamnetin's acute toxicity and gastroprotective effects using the indomethacin ulceration model. Animals were arbitrarily divided into five groups: a negative control group (A) and a positive control group (B), both treated with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose; a reference group (C) receiving 20 mg/kg omeprazole; and low-dose (D) and high-dose (E) rhamnetin groups receiving 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. After 1 h, rats in Groups B-E were subjected to indomethacin-induced ulceration. Toxicity evaluations indicated the safety of rhamnetin at doses of up to 400 mg/kg in rats, without any noticeable physiological alterations. Rhamnetin (30 and 60 mg/kg) administered orally 1 h before indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer ameliorated the stomach lesions and lowered the ulcer index area by 73.81% and 77.87%, respectively. Rhamnetin supplementation ameliorated histopathological alterations and restored gastric barriers, including gastric pH and mucin secretion. Moreover, rhamnetin-treated rats exhibited increased anti-apoptotic heat shock protein 70 and decreased Bax protein in stomach tissues. These findings were in line with lowered accumulated MDA, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and prostaglandin E2 levels, reduced serum inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and interleukin-6) and elevated interleukin-10 cytokines. The outcomes indicate rhamnetin's cicatrising and gastroprotective effects against indomethacin-mediated ulceration, possibly due to its modulatory actions on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Talal Salem Al-Qaisi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed A J Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed M H M Raouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer I Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaz Rizgar Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Musher Ismael Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Awad
- Research Associate, Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, Samarkand International University of Technology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Yuan HH, Yin H, Marincas M, Xie LL, Bu LL, Guo MH, Zheng XL. From DNA Repair to Redox Signaling: The Multifaceted Role of APEX1 (Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1) in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3034. [PMID: 40243693 PMCID: PMC11988304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26073034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) serves as a potent regulatory factor in innate immunity, exhibiting both redox and endonuclease activities. Its redox function enables the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB or STAT3, whereas its endonuclease activity recognizes apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in damaged DNA lesions during base excision repair (BER) and double-stranded DNA repair, thereby I confirm.anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects. APEX1 is expressed in a variety of cell types that constitute the cardiovascular system, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Emerging genetic and experimental evidence points towards the functional roles of APEX1 in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including neointimal formation and atherosclerosis. This review aims to present comprehensive coverage of the up-to-date literature concerning the molecular and cellular functions of APEX1, with a particular focus on how APEX1 contributes to the (dys)functions of different cell types during the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we underscore the potential of APEX1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mara Marincas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Ling-Li Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Lan-Lan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Min-Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Yang CM, Lee IT, Hsiao LD, Yu ZY, Yang CC. Rhamnetin Prevents Bradykinin-Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Rat Brain Astrocytes by Suppressing Protein Kinase-Dependent AP-1 Activation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3198. [PMID: 38137419 PMCID: PMC10740693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been recognized as a stimulant for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, contributing to neuroinflammation. Modulating the BK/MMP-9 pathway offers potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders. Rhamnetin (RNT), a flavonoid compound known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, has shown promise. However, the specific mechanisms through which RNT inhibits BK-induced MMP-9 expression remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to delve into the intricate mechanisms underlying this process. Here, we initially demonstrated that RNT effectively attenuated BK-induced MMP-9 expression and its associated cell migration in rat brain astrocyte-1 (RBA-1) cells. Further investigation revealed that BK-driven MMP-9 protein, mRNA, and promoter activity linked to cell migration relied on c-Src, Pyk2, EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K/Akt, JNK1/2, and c-Jun. This was validated by the inhibition of these effects through specific inhibitors, a finding substantiated by the introduction of siRNAs targeting these signaling molecules. Notably, the phosphorylated levels of these signaling components induced by BK were significantly reduced by their respective inhibitors and RNT, underscoring the inhibitory role of RNT in this process. These findings indicate that, in RBA-1 cells, RNT diminishes the heightened induction of MMP-9 triggered by BK through the inhibition of c-Src/Pyk2/PDGFR and EGFR/PI3K/Akt/JNK1/2-dependent AP-1 activation. This suggests that RNT holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for addressing neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (L.-D.H.); (Z.-Y.Y.)
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (L.-D.H.); (Z.-Y.Y.)
| | - Zih-Yao Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (L.-D.H.); (Z.-Y.Y.)
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
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Kim M, Chaudhary SC, Kim B, Kim Y. Protective Effects of Rhamnetin in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis Model and the Underlying Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15603. [PMID: 37958587 PMCID: PMC10647638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a well-known harmful bacterium that causes severe health disorders and dysregulates the host immune response associated with inflammation. Upon examining the suppressive activity of natural flavonoid rhamnetin on various pro-inflammatory cytokines in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model, we found that rhamnetin inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-18, two pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with pyroptotic cell death, a process dependent on caspase-1. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities of rhamnetin and the underlying mechanism of action in a CRAB infection. In the CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model, rhamnetin reduced the level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in lung lysates, resulting in the inhibition of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Notably, rhamnetin reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in macrophages and inhibited apoptotic and pyroptotic cell injury induced by CRAB infection. Therefore, rhamnetin inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, hindering apoptotic and pyroptotic processes and contributing to a recovery effect in CRAB-induced sepsis mice by suppressing oxidative stress. Taken together, our study presents the potential role of rhamnetin in protecting against oxidative damage induced by CRAB infection through a TLR4 and ROS-mediated pyroptotic pathway, showing an alternative mechanism for sepsis prevention. Therefore, rhamnetin is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating CRAB-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (S.C.C.); (B.K.)
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Shatta MA, El-Derany MO, Gibriel AA, El-Mesallamy HO. Rhamnetin ameliorates non-alcoholic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1689-1704. [PMID: 36495373 PMCID: PMC10267014 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a widespread disease with various complications including Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that could lead to cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up till now there is no FDA approved drug for treatment of NAFLD. Flavonoids such as Rhamnetin (Rhm) have been ascribed effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Thus, Rhm as a potent flavonoid could target multiple pathological cascades causing NAFLD to prevent its progression into HCC. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease and its pathophysiology is complex and is currently challenged by the 'Multiple-hit hypothesis' that includes wider range of comorbidities rather than previously established theory of 'Two-hit hypothesis'. Herein, we aimed at establishing reliable in vitro NASH models using different mixtures of variable ratios and concentrations of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) combinations using HepG2 cell lines. Moreover, we compared those models in the context of oil red staining, triglyceride levels and their altered downstream molecular signatures for genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic machineries as well. Lastly, the effect of Rhm on NASH and HCC models was deeply investigated. Over the 10 NASH models tested, PA 500 µM concentration was the best model to mimic the molecular events of steatosis induced NAFLD. Rhm successfully ameliorated the dysregulated molecular events caused by the PA-induced NASH. Additionally, Rhm regulated inflammatory and oxidative machinery in the HepG2 cancerous cell lines. In conclusion, PA 500 µM concentration is considered an effective in vitro model to mimic NASH. Rhm could be used as a promising therapeutic modality against both NASH and HCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Shatta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah A Gibriel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai, 45518, Egypt
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Petricca S, Carnicelli V, Luzi C, Cinque B, Celenza G, Iorio R. Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Azoles Combinatorial Mixtures in Sertoli TM4 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1142. [PMID: 37371872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazole and imidazole fungicides are an emerging class of contaminants with an increasing and ubiquitous presence in the environment. In mammals, their reproductive toxicity has been reported. Concerning male reproduction, a combinatorial activity of tebuconazole (TEB; triazole fungicide) and econazole (ECO; imidazole compound) in inducing mitochondrial impairment, energy depletion, cell cycle arrest, and the sequential activation of autophagy and apoptosis in Sertoli TM4 cells (SCs) has recently been demonstrated. Given the strict relationship between mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the causative role of oxidative stress (OS) in male reproductive dysfunction, the individual and combined potential of TEB and ECO in inducing redox status alterations and OS was investigated. Furthermore, considering the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in modulating male fertility, protein expression levels were assessed. In the present study, we demonstrate that azoles-induced cytotoxicity is associated with a significant increase in ROS production, a drastic reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-S-transferase activity levels, and a marked increase in the levels of oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Exposure to azoles also induced COX-2 expression and increased TNF-α production. Furthermore, pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mitigates ROS accumulation, attenuates COX-2 expression and TNF-α production, and rescues SCs from azole-induced apoptosis, suggesting a ROS-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the azole-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Carnicelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Bozkurt Ö, Yılmaz S, Alpa Ş, Nisari M, Yay AH, Ertekin T, Tokpınar A, Kökbaş U, Al Ö, Bozkurt A, Alkan I, Unur E. Investigation of the effect of rhamnetin on mice injected with solid and ehrlich ascites tumor. Med Oncol 2023; 40:124. [PMID: 36947317 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnetin is a flavonoid which contained in especially clove, such as apple, tea, and onion plant. Rhamnetin has been used in cancer research due to its antitumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, effects of rhamnetin administration at different doses on ascites and solid tumors were investigated in Balb/C mice bearing EAT model that originating from rat breast adenocarcinoma. Experimental procedure: Overall, 92 Balb-c mice were used in this study. EAT cells (1 × 106 cells) that harvested from stock animals were injected to all rats via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route. Rhamnetin (100 µg/kg-200 µg/kg) were given intraperitoneally and subcutaneously during 10 and 15 days to the animals bearing ascites tumor and solid tumor, respectively. Throughout experiments, weight changes were recorded in all groups. The maximum weight increase was observed in the control group among all groups (ascites and solid tumor groups). In the treatment groups, the least weight increase were determined in 200-µg/kg rhamnetin applied. The lowest increase in tumor volume was observed in the group that received 200-µg/kg rhamnetin (2.84) when compared to tumor control group (3.67). Result and conclusion: We determined that the number of live and dead cells in the treatment groups administered with the mean rhamnetin dose (2.5 µg/ml) was found in the count made in the EAT cell line after the incubation periods. We observed that rhamnetin plays an important role against cancer formation. We have obtained important results in our study, but detailed studies on the relationship between rhamnetin and cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Bozkurt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, 2000 Evler Mah. Zübeyde Hanım Cad. 50300, Nevsehir, Turkey.
| | - S Yılmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ş Alpa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - M Nisari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A H Yay
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology-Embryology Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - T Ertekin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - A Tokpınar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - U Kökbaş
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, 2000 Evler Mah. Zübeyde Hanım Cad. 50300, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Ö Al
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A Bozkurt
- Oral and Dental Health Program, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - I Alkan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, 2000 Evler Mah. Zübeyde Hanım Cad. 50300, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - E Unur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Potential Anti-Candida albicans Mechanism of Trichoderma Acid from Trichoderma spirale. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065445. [PMID: 36982520 PMCID: PMC10049406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main causal pathogen of fungal infections in human beings. Although diverse anti-C. albicans drugs have been explored, the drug resistance and side effects of these drugs are intensifying. Thus, it is urgent to explore new anti-C. albicans compounds from natural products. In this study, we identified trichoderma acid (TA), a compound from Trichoderma spirale with a strong inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Transcriptomic and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses of TA-treated C. albicans in combination with scanning electronic microscopy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were performed to investigate the potential targets of TA. The most significant differentially expressed genes and proteins after TA treatment were verified through Western blot analysis. Our results revealed that mitochondrial membrane potential, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes in the mitochondria, and cell walls were disrupted in TA-treated C. albicans, leading to the accumulation of ROS. The impaired enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase further contributed to the increase in ROS concentration. The high concentration of ROS led to DNA damage and cell skeleton destruction. The expression levels of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoE (RND3), asparagine synthetase (ASNS), glutathione S-transferase, and heat shock protein 70 were significantly up-regulated in response to apoptosis and toxin stimulation. These findings suggest that RND3, ASNS, and supereoxide dismutase 5 are the potential targets of TA, as further demonstrated through Western blot analysis. The combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular analyses would provide clues for the anti-C. albicans mechanism of TA and the defensive response mechanism of C. albicans. TA is thus recognized as a promising new anti-C. albicans leading compound that alleviates the hazard of C. albicans infection in human beings.
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Petricca S, Celenza G, Luzi C, Cinque B, Lizzi AR, Franceschini N, Festuccia C, Iorio R. Synergistic Activity of Ketoconazole and Miconazole with Prochloraz in Inducing Oxidative Stress, GSH Depletion, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in Mouse Sertoli TM4 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105429. [PMID: 35628239 PMCID: PMC9140920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazole and imidazole fungicides represent an emerging class of pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. Concerning mammalian reproduction, a possible causative role of antifungal compounds in inducing toxicity has been reported, although currently, there is little evidence about potential cooperative toxic effects. Toxicant-induced oxidative stress (OS) may be an important mechanism potentially involved in male reproductive dysfunction. Thus, to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of azoles on male reproduction, the individual and combined potential of fluconazole (FCZ), prochloraz (PCZ), miconazole (MCZ), and ketoconazole (KCZ) in triggering in vitro toxicity, redox status alterations, and OS in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells (SCs) was investigated. In the present study, we demonstrate that KCZ and MCZ, alone or in synergistic combination with PCZ, strongly impair SC functions, and this event is, at least in part, ascribed to OS. In particular, azoles-induced cytotoxicity is associated with growth inhibitory effects, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, imbalance of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits ROS accumulation and rescues SCs from azole-induced apoptosis. PCZ alone exhibits only cytostatic and pro-oxidant properties, while FCZ, either individually or in combination, shows no cytotoxic effects up to 320 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Lizzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicola Franceschini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-086-243-3443
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10
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rhamnetin on Bradykinin-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression and Cell Migration in Rat Brain Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020609. [PMID: 35054789 PMCID: PMC8776117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and participate in neuroinflammation. The BK/MMP-9 axis can be a target for managing neuroinflammation. Our previous reports have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity is involved in BK-induced MMP-9 expression in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). Rhamnetin (RNT), a flavonoid compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, we proposed RNT could attenuate BK-induced response in RBA-1. This study aims to approach mechanisms underlying RNT regulating BK-stimulated MMP-9 expression, especially ROS and NF-κB. We used pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs to dissect molecular mechanisms. Western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to evaluate protein and MMP-9 expression. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression. Wound healing assay was applied for cell migration. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) were used for ROS generation and NOX activity, respectively. Promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were applied to detect gene transcription. Our results showed that RNT inhibits BK-induced MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression, promoter activity, and cell migration in RBA-1 cells. Besides, the levels of phospho-PKCδ, NOX activity, ROS, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-p65, and NF-κB p65 binding to MMP-9 promoter were attenuated by RNT. In summary, RNT attenuates BK-enhanced MMP-9 upregulation through inhibiting PKCδ/NOX/ROS/ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB activity in RBA-1.
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Modulations of Cardiac Functions and Pathogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050760. [PMID: 34064823 PMCID: PMC8150787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in regulating their physiological functions. Disturbance of balance between generation and removal of ROS is a major cause of cardiac myocyte remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms. Cardiac Ca2+-signaling toolkit proteins, as well as mitochondrial functions, are largely modulated by ROS under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby producing alterations in contraction, membrane conductivity, cell metabolism and cell growth and death. Mechanical stresses under hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valve diseases are the main causes for stress-induced cardiac remodeling and functional failure, which are associated with ROS-induced pathogenesis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that many cardioprotective natural antioxidants, enriched in foods or herbs, exert beneficial effects on cardiac functions (Ca2+ signal, contractility and rhythm), myocytes remodeling, inflammation and death in pathological hearts. The review may provide knowledge and insight into the modulation of cardiac pathogenesis by ROS and natural antioxidants.
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Jung HJ, Seo I, Jha BK, Suh SI, Baek WK. Miconazole induces autophagic death in glioblastoma cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:335. [PMID: 33692867 PMCID: PMC7933777 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Miconazole is an antifungal agent that is used for the treatment of superficial mycosis. However, recent studies have indicated that miconazole also exhibits potent anticancer effects in various types of cancer via the activation of apoptosis. The main aim of the present study was to observe the effect of miconazole on autophagic cell death of cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by viable cell counting after miconazole treatment in glioblastoma cell lines (U343MG, U87MG and U251MG). Induction of autophagy was analyzed by examining microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II expression levels using western blotting and by detecting GFP-LC3 translocation using a fluorescence microscope. Intracellular ROS production was measured using a fluorescent probe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. It was found that miconazole induced autophagic cell death in the U251MG glioblastoma cell line via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. An association between miconazole-induced ROS production and autophagy was also identified; in particular, pretreatment of the cells with a ROS scavenger resulted in a reduction in the levels of LC3-II. Miconazole-induced ER stress was associated with increases in binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and CHOP expression, and phospho-eIF2α levels. The inhibition of ER stress via treatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid or BiP knockdown reduced miconazole-induced autophagy and cell death. These findings suggest that miconazole induces autophagic cell death by inducing an ROS-dependent ER stress response in U251MG glioma cancer cells and provide new insights into the potential antiproliferative effects of miconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jung Jung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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KAVAKCIOĞLU YARDIMCI B. Imidazole Antifungals: A Review of Their Action Mechanisms on Cancerous Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2020. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.714310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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The Active Compounds of Yixin Ningshen Tablet and Their Potential Action Mechanism in Treating Coronary Heart Disease- A Network Pharmacology and Proteomics Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4912395. [PMID: 32419806 PMCID: PMC7204378 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4912395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Yixin Ningshen tablet is a CFDA-approved TCM formula for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) clinically. However, its active compounds and mechanism of action in treating CHD are unknown. In this study, a novel strategy with the combination of network pharmacology and proteomics was proposed to identify the active components of Yixin Ningshen tablet and the mechanism by which they treat CHD. With the application of network pharmacology, 62 active compounds in Yixin Ningshen tablet were screened out by text mining, and their 313 potential target proteins were identified by a tool in SwissTargetPrediction. These data were integrated with known CHD-related proteomics results to predict the most possible targets, which reduced the 313 potential target proteins to 218. The STRING database was retrieved to find the enriched pathways and related diseases of these target proteins, which indicated that the Calcium, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, Rap1, AGE-RAGE, Relaxin, HIF-1, Prolactin, Sphingolipid, Estrogen, IL-17, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, necroptosis, arachidonic acid metabolism, insulin resistance, endocrine resistance, and steroid hormone biosynthesis might be the main pathways regulated by Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of CHD. Through further enrichment analysis and literature study, EGFR, ERBB2, VGFR2, FGF1, ESR1, LOX15, PGH2, HMDH, ADRB1, and ADRB2 were selected and then validated to be the target proteins of Yixin Ningshen tablet by molecular docking, which indicated that Yixin Ningshen tablet might treat CHD mainly through promoting heart regeneration, new vessels' formation, and the blood supply of the myocardial region and reducing cardiac output, oxygen demand, and inflammation as well as arteriosclerosis (promoting vasodilation and intraplaque neoangiogenesis, lowering blood lipid). This study is expected to benefit the clinical application of Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of CHD.
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Lan L, Wang Y, Pan Z, Wang B, Yue Z, Jiang Z, Li L, Wang C, Tang H. Rhamnetin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via the miR-34a/Notch-1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:676-682. [PMID: 30655816 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether rhamnetin induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism of this anti cancer effect. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with rhamnetin was able to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce caspase-3/9 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, compared with untreated cells. In addition, treatment with rhamnetin was able to significantly promote the expression of p53 protein and microRNA (miR-)34a compared with untreated cells. The treatment with rhamnetin also suppressed the expression of Notch1 protein in MCF-7 cells compared with untreated cells. Subsequently, miR-24a expression was promoted in rhamnetin-treated MCF-7 cells using a miR-34a plasmid. The overexpression of miR-34a was able to significantly inhibit cell viability and induce caspase-3/9 activity in MCF-7 cells following treatment with rhamnetin. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-34a was able to significantly promote the expression of p53 protein and miR-34a, and suppress the expression of Notch1 protein in rhamnetin-treated MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that rhamnetin induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via the miR-34a/Notch-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhanyu Pan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhensong Yue
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- College of Life Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Zhang T, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang T, Zhang H, Li W, Shen H, Yu L. Maternal Exposure to PM 2.5 during Pregnancy Induces Impaired Development of Cerebral Cortex in Mice Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010257. [PMID: 29337904 PMCID: PMC5796203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental health problem closely related to the occurrence of central nervous system diseases. Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) during pregnancy may affect the growth and development of infants. The present study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy on brain development in mice offspring. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental groups of low-, medium-, or high-dosages of PM2.5, a mock-treated group which was treated with the same amount of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and acontrol group which was untreated. The ethology of offspring mice on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30, along with neuronal development and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex were investigated. Compared with the control, neuronal mitochondrial cristae fracture, changed autophagy characteristics, significantly increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cell rate, and mRNA levels of apoptosis-related caspase-8 and caspase-9 were found in cerebral cortex of mice offspring from the treatment groups, with mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax decreased. Treatment groups also demonstrated enhanced protein expressions of apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-9, along with declined proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Open field experiments and tail suspension experiments showed that exposure to high dosage of PM2.5 resulted in decreased spontaneous activities but increased static accumulation time in mice offspring, indicating anxiety, depression, and social behavioral changes. Our results suggested that maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy might interfere with cerebral cortex development in mice offspring by affecting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xinrui Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Wanwei Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Li Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Lee KP, Choi NH, Kim HS, Ahn S, Park IS, Lee DW. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of black chokeberry ( Aronia melanocapa L.) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells and ICR mice. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 29399292 PMCID: PMC5792251 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES One of the mechanisms considered to be prevalent in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hyper-stimulation of microglia. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocapa L.) is widely used to treat diabetes and atherosclerosis, and is known to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, its neuroprotective effects have not been elucidated thus far. MATERIALS/METHODS We undertook to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of black chokeberry friut (BCE) in BV2 cells, and evaluate its neuroprotective effect in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of AD. RESULTS Following stimulation of BV2 cells by LPS, exposure to BCE significantly reduced the generation of nitric oxide as well as mRNA levels of numerous inflammatory factors such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, AD was induced in a mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (250 µg/kg), subsequent to which we investigated the neuroprotective effects of BCE (50 mg/kg) on brain damage. We observed that BCE significantly reduced tissue damage in the hippocampus by downregulating iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α levels. We further identified the quinic acids in BCE using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Furthermore, we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of BCE and quinic acid on amyloid beta-induced cell death in rat hippocampal primary neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that black chokeberry has protective effects against the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea
| | - In-Sik Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Dea Won Lee
- Department of Bio-Science, College of Natural Science, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea
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Guan Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Cai P, Jia Q, Zhao W. Cell-free DNA induced apoptosis of granulosa cells by oxidative stress. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 473:213-217. [PMID: 27884753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA is a DNA fragment that is produced by cell apoptosis which can affect the micro-environment of cell apoptosis. The levels of Cell-free DNA have been associated with successful rate of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and embryonic development. Our aim is to determine the relationship between cell-free DNA and embryo quality. The mechanisms of cell-free DNA in granulose and the apoptosis will be determined also. METHODS The study enrolled patients who were undergone IVF for the first time and grouped the patients as pregnant (n=130) and non-pregnant (n=59). The relationship was determined by statistical analysis between the levels of cell-free DNA in the follicular fluid and clinical data of IVF patients. Flow cytometry was done to detect the rate of granulosa cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Western blotting and fluorescent quantitative PCR detected the apoptosis-related gene expressions. RESULTS Clinical data statistics showed that cell-free DNA levels were positively correlated with granulosa cell apoptosis and negatively correlated with embryo quality and pregnancy rates. High levels of cell-free DNA lead to increased ROS in granulosa cells and activated caspase through Fas/FasL that induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION High levels of cell-free DNA triggers granulosa cell apoptosis and influences oocyte maturation embryo development and pregnancy rates in IVF treatments. Cell-free DNA can be as a secondary criteria and predictive marker for the quality control of IVF embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Guan
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xingling Wang
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China.
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, Henan, China
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