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Tan X, Zhang K, Shi W, Tang Z. Research progress on the regulation and mechanism of borneol on the blood-brain barrier in pathological states: a narrative review focused on ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3198-3209. [PMID: 38130309 PMCID: PMC10731338 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a dynamic, selective shield, safeguarding the central nervous system (CNS) by separating the brain from circulating blood, preserving its microenvironment, and ensuring stability. However, in the presence of brain pathology, drug delivery across the BBB and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) becomes challenging, hindering effective treatments. Borneol exhibits promise in bidirectionally modulating the BBB under pathological conditions, suggesting at potential clinical applications for related diseases. Our primary goal in this review is to investigate borneol's potential clinical utility in bidirectionally regulating the BBB under pathological conditions. Methods The PubMed database, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data were searched to retrieve articles on animal experiments and cell-based research published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2023, using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: borneol, blood-brain barrier, ischemic stroke, cerebral gliomas, anti-inflammatory. The search was limited to articles published in English and Chinese. In total, 86 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. Key Content and Findings The breakdown of the BBB is a key pathological process in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. When used alone, the lipophilic properties of borneol can reduce the permeability of the BBB and restore its normal function, thereby repairing brain damage and protecting brain tissue. Its specific protective effects may be related to inflammatory regulation mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory and protective effects of borneol can be used to improve and treat lesions caused by ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. Furthermore, when combined with other drugs, borneol can accelerate the opening of the BBB, improve permeability through physiological processes, and enhance drug penetration and distribution in the brain without causing pathological damage to the brain. Conclusions This review summarizes the mechanisms by which borneol regulates the BBB and BTB in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma, and discusses the potential clinical applications of borneol in the treatment of these diseases. It is believed that in the future, as research methods are refined, more effective and targeted therapies for cerebral glioma and ischemic stroke will be explored related to the protective mechanism of the BBB under pathological conditions with borneol alone or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenyin Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhihua Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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2
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van Hooren L, Handgraaf SM, Kloosterman DJ, Karimi E, van Mil LWHG, Gassama AA, Solsona BG, de Groot MHP, Brandsma D, Quail DF, Walsh LA, Borst GR, Akkari L. CD103 + regulatory T cells underlie resistance to radio-immunotherapy and impair CD8 + T cell activation in glioblastoma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:665-681. [PMID: 37081259 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive primary brain tumors with an inherent resistance to T cell-centric immunotherapy due to their low mutational burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here we report that fractionated radiotherapy of preclinical glioblastoma models induce a tenfold increase in T cell content. Orthogonally, spatial imaging mass cytometry shows T cell enrichment in human recurrent tumors compared with matched primary glioblastoma. In glioblastoma-bearing mice, α-PD-1 treatment applied at the peak of T cell infiltration post-radiotherapy results in a modest survival benefit compared with concurrent α-PD-1 administration. Following α-PD-1 therapy, CD103+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with upregulated lipid metabolism accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, and restrain immune checkpoint blockade response by repressing CD8+ T cell activation. Treg targeting elicits tertiary lymphoid structure formation, enhances CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequency and function and unleashes radio-immunotherapeutic efficacy. These results support the rational design of therapeutic regimens limiting the induction of immunosuppressive feedback pathways in the context of T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Hooren
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanna M Handgraaf
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Karimi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lotte W H G van Mil
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Awa A Gassama
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Gomez Solsona
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix H P de Groot
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieta Brandsma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerben R Borst
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Individualized Multimodal Immunotherapy for Adults with IDH1 Wild-Type GBM: A Single Institute Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041194. [PMID: 36831536 PMCID: PMC9954396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic activity between maintenance temozolomide (TMZm) and individualized multimodal immunotherapy (IMI) during/after first-line treatment has been suggested to improve the overall survival (OS) of adults with IDH1 wild-type MGMT promoter-unmethylated (unmeth) GBM. We expand the data and include the OS of MGMT promoter-methylated (meth) adults with GBM. Unmeth (10 f, 18 m) and meth (12 f, 10 m) patients treated between 27 May 2015 and 1 January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. There were no differences in age (median: 48 y) or Karnofsky performance index (median: 80). The IMI consisted of 5-day immunogenic cell death (ICD) therapies during TMZm: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) bolus injections and sessions of modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT); subsequent active specific immunotherapy: dendritic cell (DC) vaccines plus modulatory immunotherapy; and maintenance ICD therapy. There were no differences in the number of vaccines (median: 2), total number of DCs (median: 25.6 × 106), number of NDV injections (median: 31), and number of mEHT sessions (median: 28) between both groups. The median OS of 28 unmeth patients was 22 m (2y-OS: 39%), confirming previous results. OS of 22 meth patients was significantly better (p = 0.0414) with 38 m (2y-OS: 81%). There were no major treatment-related adverse reactions. The addition of IMI during/after standard of care should be prospectively explored.
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4
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Vedunova M, Turubanova V, Vershinina O, Savyuk M, Efimova I, Mishchenko T, Raedt R, Vral A, Vanhove C, Korsakova D, Bachert C, Coppieters F, Agostinis P, Garg AD, Ivanchenko M, Krysko O, Krysko DV. DC vaccines loaded with glioma cells killed by photodynamic therapy induce Th17 anti-tumor immunity and provide a four-gene signature for glioma prognosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1062. [PMID: 36539408 PMCID: PMC9767932 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most frequent type of primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, results in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of novel, complex, multidisciplinary, and targeted therapies, glioma therapy has not progressed much over the last decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel patient-adjusted immunotherapies that actively stimulate antitumor T cells, generate long-term memory, and result in significant clinical benefits. This work aimed to investigate the efficacy and molecular mechanism of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines loaded with glioma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photosens-based photodynamic therapy (PS-PDT) and to identify reliable prognostic gene signatures for predicting the overall survival of patients. Analysis of the transcriptional program of the ICD-based DC vaccine led to the identification of robust induction of Th17 signature when used as a vaccine. These DCs demonstrate retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt dependent efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model. Moreover, comparative analysis of the transcriptome program of the ICD-based DC vaccine with transcriptome data from the TCGA-LGG dataset identified a four-gene signature (CFH, GALNT3, SMC4, VAV3) associated with overall survival of glioma patients. This model was validated on overall survival of CGGA-LGG, TCGA-GBM, and CGGA-GBM datasets to determine whether it has a similar prognostic value. To that end, the sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic model for predicting overall survival were evaluated by calculating the area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. The values of area under the curve for TCGA-LGG, CGGA-LGG, TCGA-GBM, and CGGA-GBM for predicting five-year survival rates were, respectively, 0.75, 0.73, 0.9, and 0.69. These data open attractive prospects for improving glioma therapy by employing ICD and PS-PDT-based DC vaccines to induce Th17 immunity and to use this prognostic model to predict the overall survival of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vedunova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victoria Turubanova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Vershinina
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Savyuk
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Mishchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 77984Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798IBiTech-MEDISIP-Infinity Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Korsakova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Claus Bachert
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frauke Coppieters
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.511459.dVIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Karaca F, Keskin S, Mentes S, Okten AI, Cavus G, Arslan A, Afsar CU, Koksal F. Evaluation of IL-17A expressions in high-grade glial tumors receiving radiotherapy. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:582-588. [PMID: 35593599 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1408_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim In this study, we aimed to investigate the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels in patients with high-grade glial tumors before receiving radiotherapy, immediately after radiotherapy, and 3 months after radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A total of 33 patients who applied to Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology between December 2016 and May 2018 was included in this study. A total of three blood samples was taken from each patient to assess IL-17A levels before and after radiotherapy and 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy. Results The differences in IL-17A levels between genders were not statistically significant. IL-17A levels progressively decreased after the radiotherapy and 3 months after the radiotherapy as compared to the levels before radiotherapy. However, this was not statistically significant. IL-17A levels in the non-surviving patients were high before and after radiotherapy as compared to the surviving ones, but this was also not statistically significant. Conclusion As compared to the period before radiotherapy, IL-17A levels tend to decrease in the period of acute and chronic phases of radiotherapy in all patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - S Keskin
- Department of Biostatistics, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - S Mentes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - A I Okten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - G Cavus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - A Arslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - C U Afsar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istinye University Medical Faculty, Liv Vadi Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Koksal
- Department of Microbiology, Çukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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6
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Proliferating CD8+ T Cell Infiltrates Are Associated with Improved Survival in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123378. [PMID: 34943886 PMCID: PMC8699921 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are prognostic in many human cancers. However, the prognostic value of lymphocytes infiltrating glioblastoma (GBM), and roles in tumor control or progression are unclear. We hypothesized that B and T cell density, and markers of their activity, proliferation, differentiation, or function, would have favorable prognostic significance for patients with GBM. Methods: initial resection specimens from 77 patients with IDH1/2 wild type GBM who received standard-of-care treatment were evaluated with multiplex immunofluorescence histology (mIFH), for the distribution, density, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells and B cells, as well as for the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and IFNγ expression. Immune infiltrates were evaluated for associations with overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: in univariate analyses, improved OS was associated with high densities of proliferating (Ki67+) CD8+ cells (HR 0.36, p = 0.001) and CD20+ cells (HR 0.51, p = 0.008), as well as CD8+Tbet+ cells (HR 0.46, p = 0.004), and RORγt+ cells (HR 0.56, p = 0.04). Conversely, IFNγ intensity was associated with diminished OS (HR 0.59, p = 0.036). In multivariable analyses, adjusting for clinical variables, including age, resection extent, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and MGMT methylation status, improved OS was associated with high densities of proliferating (Ki67+) CD8+ cells (HR 0.15, p < 0.001), and higher ratios of CD8+ cells to CD4+ cells (HR 0.31, p = 0.005). Diminished OS was associated with increases in patient age (HR 1.21, p = 0.005) and higher mean intensities of IFNγ (HR 2.13, p = 0.027). Conclusions: intratumoral densities of proliferating CD8 T cells and higher CD8/CD4 ratios are independent predictors of OS in patients with GBM. Paradoxically, higher mean intensities of IFNγ in the tumors were associated with shorter OS. These findings suggest that survival may be enhanced by increasing proliferation of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells and that approaches may be needed to promote CD8+ T cell dominance in GBM, and to interfere with the immunoregulatory effects of IFNγ in the tumor microenvironment.
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Targeting Immune Modulators in Glioma While Avoiding Autoimmune Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143524. [PMID: 34298735 PMCID: PMC8306848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication signals and signaling pathways are often studied in different physiological systems. However, it has become abundantly clear that the immune system is not self-regulated, but functions in close association with the nervous system. The neural-immune interface is complex; its balance determines cancer progression, as well as autoimmune disorders. Immunotherapy remains a promising approach in the context of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The primary obstacle to finding effective therapies is the potent immunosuppression induced by GBM. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, induction of regulatory T cells, and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules are the key mediators for immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint molecules are ligand-receptor pairs that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune responses. In the past decade, they have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials in diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases in which the immune system has failed to maintain homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss promising immune-modulatory targets that are in the focus of current clinical research in glioblastoma, but are also in the precarious position of potentially becoming starting points for the development of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
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8
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Park JH, Kim HJ, Kim CW, Kim HC, Jung Y, Lee HS, Lee Y, Ju YS, Oh JE, Park SH, Lee JH, Lee SK, Lee HK. Tumor hypoxia represses γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity against brain tumors. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 33574616 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The anatomic location and immunologic characteristics of brain tumors result in strong lymphocyte suppression. Consequently, conventional immunotherapies targeting CD8 T cells are ineffective against brain tumors. Tumor cells escape immunosurveillance by various mechanisms and tumor cell metabolism can affect the metabolic states and functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Here, we discovered that brain tumor cells had a particularly high demand for oxygen, which affected γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses but not those of conventional T cells. Specifically, tumor hypoxia activated the γδ T cell protein kinase A pathway at a transcriptional level, resulting in repression of the activatory receptor NKG2D. Alleviating tumor hypoxia reinvigorated NKG2D expression and the antitumor function of γδ T cells. These results reveal a hypoxia-mediated mechanism through which brain tumors and γδ T cells interact and emphasize the importance of γδ T cells for antitumor immunity against brain tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor delta
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/immunology
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Hypoxia
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunah Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Center, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Sørensen MD, Nielsen O, Reifenberger G, Kristensen BW. The presence of TIM-3 positive cells in WHO grade III and IV astrocytic gliomas correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12921. [PMID: 33244787 PMCID: PMC8412096 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that respond poorly to immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibition. This resistance may arise from an immunocompromised microenvironment and deficient immune recognition of tumor cells because of low mutational burden. The most prominent genetic alterations in diffuse glioma are mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes that generate the immunosuppressive oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate. Our objective was to explore the association between IDH mutation and presence of cells expressing the immune checkpoint proteins galectin-9 and/or T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3). Astrocytic gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades III or IV (36 IDH-mutant and 36 IDH-wild-type) from 72 patients were included in this study. A novel multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry panel was applied using antibodies against galectin-9, TIM-3, and the oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2). Validation studies were performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. IDH mutation was associated with decreased levels of TIM-3+ cells (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between galectin-9 and IDH status (p = 0.10). Most TIM-3+ and galectin-9+ cells resembled microglia/macrophages, and very few TIM-3+ and/or galectin-9+ cells co-expressed OLIG2. The percentage of TIM-3+ T cells was generally low, however, IDH-mutant tumors contained significantly fewer TIM-3+ T cells (p < 0.01) and had a lower interaction rate between TIM-3+ T cells and galectin-9+ microglia/macrophages (p < 0.05). TCGA data confirmed lower TIM-3 mRNA expression in IDH-mutant compared to IDH-wild-type astrocytic gliomas (p = 0.013). Our results show that IDH mutation is associated with diminished levels of TIM-3+ cells and fewer interactions between TIM-3+ T cells and galectin-9+ microglia/macrophages, suggesting reduced activity of the galectin-9/TIM-3 immune checkpoint pathway in IDH-mutant astrocytic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia D Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKT), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Gastrospheres as a Model of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells Skew Th17/Treg Balance toward Antitumor Th17 Cells. J Immunol Res 2021; 2020:6261814. [PMID: 33426090 PMCID: PMC7775146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6261814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrosphere, an enriched cellular population with stem-like properties believed to be responsible for an escape from immune-mediated destruction. Th17 and Treg cells play a major role in gastric cancer; however, their interaction with gastrospheres remained elusive. Method Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors and were cultured with conditioned media of MKN-45 (parental) cells as well as gastrospheres' conditioned media in the context of mixed lymphocyte reaction and in the presence of anti-CD3/CD28 beads. The proliferation was evaluated using CFSE staining; the percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells and IFN-γ+cells and the production of IL-17, TGF-β, and IL-10 were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Finally, the cytotoxic potential of induced immune cells was measured by examining the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase from target cells. Results The results revealed a decreased expansion of PBMCs postexposure to gastrospheres' conditioned medium which was concomitant with an increased percentage of Th17 and an enhanced Th17 to Treg ratio. The conditioned media of gastrospheres enhanced the secretion of IL-10 and IL-17 and decreased TGF-β. Interestingly, immune cells induced by gastrospheres showed significant cytotoxicity in terms of producing IFN-γ and death induction in target cells. All these changes were related to the upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-22 in gastrospheres compared to parental cells. Conclusion Our study showed that the condition media of gastrospheres can potentially induce Th17 with increasing in their cytotoxic effect. Based on our knowledge, the present study is the first study that emphasizes the role of gastrospheres in the induction of antitumor Th17 cells. However, it should be confirmed with complementary studies in vivo.
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11
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Hübner M, Effinger D, Wu T, Strauß G, Pogoda K, Kreth FW, Kreth S. The IL-1 Antagonist Anakinra Attenuates Glioblastoma Aggressiveness by Dampening Tumor-Associated Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E433. [PMID: 32069807 PMCID: PMC7072290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra-currently approved for the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases-blocks IL-1β-mediated inflammatory signaling. As inflammation is a major driver of cancer, we hypothesized that anakinra might be able to mitigate glioblastoma (GBM) aggressiveness. METHODS Primary GBM or T98G cells were incubated alone or with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and were subsequently treated with IL-1β and/or anakinra. T cells were obtained by magnetic bead isolation. Protein and mRNA expression were quantified by SDS-PAGE, qRT-PCR, and ELISA, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. Chemotaxis was studied via time-lapse microscopy. RESULTS Upon IL-1β stimulation, anakinra attenuated proinflammatory gene expression in both GBM cells and PBMCs, and mitigated tumor migration and proliferation. In a more lifelike model replacing IL-1β stimulation by GBM-PBMC co-culture, sole presence of PBMCs proved sufficient to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in GBM cells with enhanced proliferation and migration rates and attenuated apoptosis. Anakinra antagonized these pro-tumorigenic effects and, moreover, reduced inflammatory signaling in T cells without compromising anti-tumor effector molecules. CONCLUSION By dampening the inflammatory crosstalk between GBM and immune cells, anakinra mitigated GBM aggressiveness. Hence, counteracting IL-1β-mediated inflammation might be a promising strategy to pursue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hübner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (D.E.); (T.W.); (G.S.)
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - David Effinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (D.E.); (T.W.); (G.S.)
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (D.E.); (T.W.); (G.S.)
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Strauß
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (D.E.); (T.W.); (G.S.)
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Kreth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (D.E.); (T.W.); (G.S.)
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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12
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Zhang Q, Wu H, Zhang J, Qi Q, Zhang W, Xia R. Preoperative Immune Response is Associated with Perioperative Transfusion Requirements in Glioma Surgery. J Cancer 2019; 10:3526-3532. [PMID: 31293657 PMCID: PMC6603405 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression induced by transfusion causes postoperative adverse events including poor prognosis in cancer, but data on influence of the immune response on blood transfusion requirements during perioperative period are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preoperative immune response is associated with perioperative blood cell transfusion in a glioma surgical patient population. The authors identified 321 cases of surgery for treatment of glioma. Patient variables, preoperative laboratory variables (hemoglobin, platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, hematocrit, red and white blood cell count), and transfusions were registered. Plasma concentration of Th-associated cytokines was measured by flow cytometry. Multivariable regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were undertaken to identify predictors of transfusion. Of 321 patients, 157 (48.90%) received red blood cells transfusion. The mean age is significantly higher in transfusion group compared to no transfusion group, while postoperative hospital stay, preoperative hemoglobin, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, red and white blood cell count and hematocrit of patients did not differ significantly between the two groups. No significant differences of IL-2, -4, -6, -10 and INF-γ concentration were observed between transfusion and no transfusion group. The concentration of TNF and IL-17A was significantly lower in transfusion patients than in the no transfusion subjects. Low plasma TNF and IL-17A levels predicted high perioperative transfusion rate, the combination of them enlarged the prognostic accuracy of testing. Our study demonstrates that the preoperative immune response influences transfusion requirements, and TNF and IL-17 are important predictive risk factors for perioperative use of blood components in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahui Wu
- Harbin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Renji Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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The Interleukin-17 Family of Cytokines in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123880. [PMID: 30518157 PMCID: PMC6321268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and remains a major cause of mortality with an expected 137,000 death this year in Europe. Standard management of metastatic BC comprises hormonotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have recently proved their efficiency in hormonal receptor expressing BC. Checkpoint proteins inhibition is being evaluated in phase 3 studies. Since inflammation is constantly present in cancers, research teams have focused their attention on the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of proinflammatory cytokines. Preclinical experiments have reported both pro and antitumor effects depending on the conditions. In the present article, we review the accumulating evidences about the roles of IL-17 in BC and discuss whether this family of cytokines could be a new target in anticancer treatments.
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14
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Xia Y, Yang C, Hu N, Yang Z, He X, Li T, Zhang L. Exploring the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme patients by a novel survival analysis model. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:950. [PMID: 28198665 PMCID: PMC5310279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. RESULTS Our results not only showed that mutually explored GBM survival time related genes and signaling transduction pathways are closely related to the GBM, but also demonstrated that our innovated constrained optimization algorithm (CoxSisLasso strategy) are better than the classical methods (CoxLasso and CoxSis strategy). CONCLUSION We analyzed why the CoxSisLasso strategy can outperform the existing classical methods and discuss how to extend this research in the distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Chongqing Zhongdi Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 401320 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Parajuli P, Anand R, Mandalaparty C, Suryadevara R, Sriranga PU, Michelhaugh SK, Cazacu S, Finniss S, Thakur A, Lum LG, Schalk D, Brodie C, Mittal S. Preferential expression of functional IL-17R in glioma stem cells: potential role in self-renewal. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6121-35. [PMID: 26755664 PMCID: PMC4868744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor and one of the most lethal solid tumors. Mechanistic studies into identification of novel biomarkers are needed to develop new therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease. The objective for this study was to explore the potential direct impact of IL-17−IL-17R interaction in gliomas. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis of 12 tumor samples obtained from patients with high grade gliomas revealed that a considerable population (2–19%) of cells in all malignant gliomas expressed IL-17RA, with remarkable co-expression of the glioma stem cell (GSC) markers CD133, Nestin, and Sox2. IL-17 enhanced the self-renewal of GSCs as determined by proliferation and Matrigel® colony assays. IL-17 also induced cytokine/chemokine (IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ-inducible protein [IP-10], and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]) secretion in GSCs, which were differentially blocked by antibodies against IL-17R and IL-6R. Western blot analysis showed that IL-17 modulated the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin in GSCs. While IL-17R-mediated secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly blocked by inhibitors of NF-κB and STAT3; NF-κB inhibitor was more potent than STAT3 inhibitor in blocking IL-17-induced MCP-1 secretion. Overall, our results suggest that IL-17–IL-17R interaction in GSCs induces an autocrine/paracrine cytokine feedback loop, which may provide an important signaling component for maintenance/self-renewal of GSCs via constitutive activation of both NF-κB and STAT3. The results also strongly implicate IL-17R as an important functional biomarker for therapeutic targeting of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad Parajuli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rohit Anand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Raviteja Suryadevara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Preethi U Sriranga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharon K Michelhaugh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Finniss
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology and Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dana Schalk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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