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Giri S, Choudhury A, Praharaj DL, Singh A, Vaidya A, Harindranath S, Anirvan P, Kalia S, Shukla A. Changing Etiological Spectrum of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101391. [PMID: 38559423 PMCID: PMC10979108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies from both India and outside India have shown a change in the etiological profile of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to analyze the etiological spectrum and changing trends of HCC etiology in India using a systematic review of current literature and meta-analysis. Methods Electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception to July 2023 for studies reporting the data on the etiology of HCC from India. The pooled proportions with 95% confidence interval were calculated using summative statistics. Results A total of 60 studies (n = 12,327) were included in the final analysis. The pooled proportions of HCC cases with at least one positive and negative viral marker were 56.0 (49.5-62.6) and 43.1% (36.5-49.8), respectively. The pooled proportion of HCC cases with positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was 41.0 (35.8-46.1), while those with positive markers for hepatitis C virus were 20.3 (17.0-23.6). The pooled proportion of cases with HCC with significant alcohol intake was 19.0% (15.6-22.4), and those related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 16.9% (12.1-21.7). Around 7.9% (5.8-10.0) of the cases had HCC with multiple etiologies. Subgroup analysis showed a significant variation with the location of the study based on zone. Meta-regression analysis based on publication year (1990-2023) showed a significant reduction in the proportion of cases with HBV and an increase in cases with NAFLD. In contrast, the proportion of cases with hepatitis C virus and alcohol did not change significantly. Conclusion Viral hepatitis is the most common etiology of HCC in India, predominantly HBV. The proportions of cases with HCC related to NAFLD are increasing, and those related to HBV are declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Giri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashok Choudhury
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dibya L Praharaj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Arun Vaidya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sidharth Harindranath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Prajna Anirvan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shivam Kalia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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2
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Jean K, Tawheed A, Luong Nguyen LB, Heikal T, Eldaly U, Gaber Elhadidy N, Elghaieb A, Aboudonia A, Tondeur L, Dublineau A, Fontanet A, El-Kassas M. A Comparison of Presentation, Treatment, and Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Viral and Non-Viral Etiology in Damietta, Egypt, 2007-2019. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:997-1004. [PMID: 38835726 PMCID: PMC11149647 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s455832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Context The difference in prognosis between patients diagnosed with viral versus non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt remains unclear. Methods We used data from patients diagnosed with HCC between 2007 and 2019 from a large monocentric retrospective cohort at the Damietta Oncology referral center (northern Egypt). Presentation and treatment were compared between viral versus non-viral etiology HCC patients. Survival was compared relying on univariate and multivariate Cox regressions. Results Data from 4714 HCC patients were analyzed. Among them, 204 (4.3%) presented with a non-viral etiology. Patients with non-viral versus viral etiology had a similar presentation overall, especially regarding the BCLC stage at HCC diagnosis. After controlling for various individual characteristics, patients with non-viral versus viral etiology had poorer survival (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 1.244; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.069-1.447). Conclusion Despite similar features, patients with non-viral- related HCC had poorer survival compared to patients with viral-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Jean
- Laboratoire MESuRS, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
- Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur & Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
- IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Science & Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Tawheed
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Liem Binh Luong Nguyen
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tarek Heikal
- Medical Oncology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Usama Eldaly
- Medical Oncology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Elghaieb
- Radiology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aboudonia
- Radiology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Dublineau
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur & Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Research Centre, Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Omar A, Kaseb A, Elbaz T, El-Kassas M, El Fouly A, Hanno AF, El Dorry A, Hosni A, Helmy A, Saad AS, Alolayan A, Eysa BE, Hamada E, Azim H, Khattab H, Elghazaly H, Tawfik H, Ayoub H, Khaled H, Saadeldin I, Waked I, Barakat EMF, El Meteini M, Hamed Shaaban M, EzzElarab M, Fathy M, Shaker M, Sobhi M, Shaker MK, ElGharib M, Abdullah M, Mokhtar M, Elshazli M, Heikal OMK, Hetta O, ElWakil RM, Abdel Wahab S, Eid SS, Rostom Y. Egyptian Society of Liver Cancer Recommendation Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1547-1571. [PMID: 37744303 PMCID: PMC10516190 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s404424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer. The prevalence of this pathology, which has been on the rise in the last 30 years, has been predicted to continue increasing. HCC is the most common cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Egypt and is also the most common cancer in males. Chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis C, which is a primary health concern in Egypt, are considered major risk factors for HCC. However, HCC surveillance is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver cirrhosis; those above 40 with HBV but without cirrhosis; individuals with hepatitis D co-infection or a family history of HCC; and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients exhibiting significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. Several international guidelines aid physicians in the management of HCC. However, the availability and cost of diagnostic modalities and treatment options vary from one country to another. Therefore, the current guidelines aim to standardize the management of HCC in Egypt. The recommendations presented in this report represent the current management strategy at HCC treatment centers in Egypt. Recommendations were developed by an expert panel consisting of hepatologists, oncologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons, pathologists, and radiologists working under the umbrella of the Egyptian Society of Liver Cancer. The recommendations, which are based on the currently available local diagnostic aids and treatments in the country, include recommendations for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Omar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamer Elbaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr El Fouly
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Fatah Hanno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Dorry
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hosni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Helmy
- Department of Surgery, National Liver Institute Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Amr S Saad
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashwaq Alolayan
- Department of Oncology, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Elsayed Eysa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Hamada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Azim
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Elghazaly
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Tawfik
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, TantaEgypt
| | - Hisham Ayoub
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Khaled
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibtessam Saadeldin
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Imam Waked
- Department of Gastroenterology, Menoufia Liver Institute, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman M F Barakat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Meteini
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed Shaaban
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed EzzElarab
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaker
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobhi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamal Shaker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed ElGharib
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdullah
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohesn Mokhtar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elshazli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Osama Hetta
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Mahmoud ElWakil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Abdel Wahab
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Shehata Eid
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yousri Rostom
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - On behalf of the Egyptian Liver Cancer Committee Study Group
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, National Liver Institute Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, TantaEgypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Menoufia Liver Institute, Menoufia, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Murai H, Kodama T, Maesaka K, Tange S, Motooka D, Suzuki Y, Shigematsu Y, Inamura K, Mise Y, Saiura A, Ono Y, Takahashi Y, Kawasaki Y, Iino S, Kobayashi S, Idogawa M, Tokino T, Hashidate‐Yoshida T, Shindou H, Miyazaki M, Imai Y, Tanaka S, Mita E, Ohkawa K, Hikita H, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Eguchi H, Morii E, Takehara T. Multiomics identifies the link between intratumor steatosis and the exhausted tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023; 77:77-91. [PMID: 35567547 PMCID: PMC9970024 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immunotherapy has become the standard-of-care treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy remains limited. To identify immunotherapy-susceptible HCC, we profiled the molecular abnormalities and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of rapidly increasing nonviral HCC. APPROACHES AND RESULTS We performed RNA-seq of tumor tissues in 113 patients with nonviral HCC and cancer genome sequencing of 69 genes with recurrent genetic alterations reported in HCC. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering classified nonviral HCCs into three molecular classes (Class I, II, III), which stratified patient prognosis. Class I, with the poorest prognosis, was associated with TP53 mutations, whereas class III, with the best prognosis, was associated with cadherin-associated protein beta 1 (CTNNB1) mutations. Thirty-eight percent of nonviral HCC was defined as an immune class characterized by a high frequency of intratumoral steatosis and a low frequency of CTNNB1 mutations. Steatotic HCC, which accounts for 23% of nonviral HCC cases, presented an immune-enriched but immune-exhausted TIME characterized by T cell exhaustion, M2 macrophage and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) infiltration, high PD-L1 expression, and TGF-β signaling activation. Spatial transcriptome analysis suggested that M2 macrophages and CAFs may be in close proximity to exhausted CD8+ T cells in steatotic HCC. An in vitro study showed that palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HCC cells upregulated PD-L1 expression and promoted immunosuppressive phenotypes of cocultured macrophages and fibroblasts. Patients with steatotic HCC, confirmed by chemical-shift MR imaging, had significantly longer PFS with combined immunotherapy using anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGF antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Multiomics stratified nonviral HCCs according to prognosis or TIME. We identified the link between intratumoral steatosis and immune-exhausted immunotherapy-susceptible TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuki Maesaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shigematsu
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mise
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Saiura
- Department of Hepatobiliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ono
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yota Kawasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast, and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iino
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kagoshima Principal Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ikeda Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Mita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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5
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Guven DC, Erul E, Sahin TK, Dizdar O, Yalcin S, Sahin IH. The benefit of immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4119-4136. [PMID: 36533987 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A systemic review of the survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in phase III hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) trials was conducted. Methods: Meta-analyses were performed with the generic inverse-variance method with a fixed-effects model. Results: In 10 trials encompassing 6123 patients, ICI-based therapy (monotherapy/combination) improved overall survival (OS) compared with the control arm (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70-0.84; p < 0.001). The survival benefit was consistent across variable treatment lines, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and AFP levels. While the OS benefit was more pronounced in hepatitis B-related HCC (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.63-0.77; p < 0.001), OS was improved in hepatitis C-related (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98) and nonviral HCC (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77-0.97). Conclusion: ICI-based therapies should be the standard for all patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Sahin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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6
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Zunica ERM, Heintz EC, Axelrod CL, Kirwan JP. Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164051. [PMID: 36011044 PMCID: PMC9406638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is associated with an indolent clinical presentation, resulting in frequent advanced stage diagnoses where surgical resection or transplant therapies are not an option and medical therapies are largely ineffective at improving survival. As such, there is a critical need to identify and enhance primary prevention strategies to mitigate HCC-related morbidity and mortality. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of HCC. Furthermore, obesity is a leading cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fasting growing etiological factor of HCC. Herein, we review evolving clinical and mechanistic associations between obesity and hepatocarcinogenesis with an emphasis on the therapeutic efficacy of prevailing lifestyle/behavioral, medical, and surgical treatment strategies for weight reduction and NASH reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Kirwan
- Correspondence: (C.L.A.); (J.P.K.); Tel.: +1-225-763-2513 (J.P.K.)
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7
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Tassachew Y, Abebe T, Belyhun Y, Teffera T, Shewaye AB, Desalegn H, Andualem H, Kinfu A, Mulu A, Mihret A, Howe R, Aseffa A. Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia. Hepat Med 2022; 14:67-77. [PMID: 35591850 PMCID: PMC9113656 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s365443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficient use of antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced AIDS-related morbidities and mortalities; however, mortality due to non-AIDS-related end-stage liver diseases is escalating in those living with HIV. Objective The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients in Ethiopia. Methods Three hundred and forty-five CLD patients were included in this study in two groups: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=128) and non-HCC (n=217) patients. The non-HCC group comprised patients with advanced liver disease (n=98) and chronic hepatitis (n=119). Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine HBV and HCV infection markers. In addition, a serial rapid HIV testing algorithm was employed to screen HIV infection. Results Regardless of the stage of liver disease, the overall frequency of HIV was 4.3% (15/345), with a 2% (7/345) and 0.3% (1/345) of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection rate. Of all HIV-infected patients (n=15), 46.7% (7/15) and 6.7% (1/15) were co-infected with HBV (HBsAg+HBcAb+) and HCV (anti-HCV+ HCV-RNA+), respectively, and 86.7% (13/15) exhibited a marker of HBV exposure (total HBcAb+). Overall, the frequency of HIV and its co-infection with HBV was more noticeable among HCC than non-HCC patients [8.6% (11/128) vs 1.8 (4/217), p=0.005 and 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217), p=0.1]. The rate of HIV mono-infection was 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217) among HCC and non-HCC patients. Conclusion The frequency of HIV and its co-infections with HBV/HCV exhibited an increasing pattern with the severity of the liver disease. Thus, screening all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV infection and all CLD patients for HIV infection and taking necessary preventive measures would be an essential strategy to prevent the progression of CLD and death related to liver disease in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayehyirad Tassachew
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshambel Belyhun
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tezazu Teffera
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Abate Bane Shewaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Adera Medical Center PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Kinfu
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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8
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Dakua SP, Nayak A. A review on treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma—role of radio wave ablation and possible improvements. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Currently, several treatment options are available for liver cancer depending on various factors such as location, size, shape, and liver function. Image fusion is required for the diagnosis, intervention, and follow-up of certain HCCs. Presently, mental fusion is the only way while diagnosing liver lesions by comparing the ultrasound (US) image with the computed tomography (CT) image. Nevertheless, mental fusion is bound to have errors. The objective of this paper is to study the present treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma and review the present treatment options, list out their potential limitations, and present a possible alternative solution based on the findings to reduce errors and mistargeting.
Methods
This is a systematic review on the present treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially radio wave ablation.
Results
It is found that computer fusion is the possible alternative to the present mental registration.
Conclusions
Although computer fusion is the best alternative to use radio wave ablation, there have been a few open-ended questions to further explore.
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9
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Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center 3-Year Experience from Somalia. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:3370992. [PMID: 35411218 PMCID: PMC8994688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3370992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between prognosticators representing tumor aggressiveness and socio-demographic, laboratory, and imaging findings in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We retrospectively searched patients with HCC between January 2017 and December 2019 in our tertiary referral hospital. The tumor-related factors and liver damage indicators and their relationship to indicate the value of prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 268 HCC patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8 : 1. The mean age was 52.6 years. The patient with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) was older, had higher liver laboratory parameters (AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin), and had larger tumor size. Patients with the larger tumor size had a higher AFP level, had more tumor multifocality. The majority of patients were in Child's A (73.6%) and B (17.2%) classes. The laboratory parameters of HCC patients were increased in Child's C compared to other groups of Child-Pugh classification. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PVT and large-sized tumor in patients with HCC indicated a poorer prognosis than non-PVT group and small tumor sizes.
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10
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Opportunities. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030223. [PMID: 33809844 PMCID: PMC8004277 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major health problem worldwide with a continuous increasing prevalence. Despite the introduction of targeted therapies like the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, treatment outcomes are not encouraging. The prognosis of advanced HCC is still dismal, underlying the need for novel effective treatments. Apart from the various risk factors that predispose to the development of HCC, epigenetic factors also play a functional role in tumor genesis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone lysine residues of proteins, such as the core nucleosome histones, in this way not permitting DNA to loosen from the histone octamer and consequently preventing its transcription. Considering that HDAC activity is reported to be up-regulated in HCC, treatment strategies with HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) showed some promising results. This review focuses on the use of HDACIs as novel anticancer agents and explains the mechanisms of their therapeutic effects in HCC.
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11
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Wei J, Fang D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Hepatocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041799. [PMID: 33670323 PMCID: PMC7918477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as hepatoma, is a primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Although much attention has focused on HCC, its pathogenesis remains largely obscure. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating protein synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking, and lipid metabolism. ER stress occurs when ER homeostasis is disturbed by numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological challenges. In response to ER stress due to misfolded/unfolded protein accumulation, unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to maintain ER function for cell survival or, in cases of excessively severe ER stress, initiation of apoptosis. The liver is especially susceptible to ER stress given its protein synthesis and detoxification functions. Experimental data suggest that ER stress and unfolded protein response are involved in HCC development, aggressiveness and response to treatment. Herein, we highlight recent findings and provide an overview of the evidence linking ER stress to the pathogenesis of HCC.
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12
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Li P, Liu Y, He Q. Anisodamine Suppressed the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Induced Apoptosis and Regulated the Levels of Inflammatory Factors by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1609-1620. [PMID: 32425506 PMCID: PMC7196779 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s243383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with a 5-year incidence of over 70%. Anisodamine (ANI), an alkaloid extracted from Anisodus, has a good therapeutic effect in septic shock and morphine addiction. Our study designed to investigate the anticancer effect of anisodamine (ANI) on HCC. Materials and Methods HepG2 cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/C nude mice and the tumor tissue was subcutaneously inoculated to construct the transplanted tumor. Mice were randomly divided into 10 groups (n = 5): control group, ANI-10 group, ANI-50 group, ANI-200 group, ANI-200+pcDNA-NLRP3 group, ANI-200+EV group, sh-NLRP3 group, ANI-200 + sh-NLRP3 group, normal group and normal+ANI-200 group. Results Studies indicated that ANI inhibited the growth of HCC xenografts and reduced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, ANI increased the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and suppressed the expression of NLRP3 in a dose-dependent manner. It is worth noting that NLRP3 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of ANI on HCC xenografts. In addition, TUNEL analysis showed that ANI-induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of ANI on HCC. Moreover, ANI further regulated the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-27. Notably, low expression of NLRP3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of ANI on the development of HCC xenografts in mice. Discussion These findings indicate that ANI suppressed the growth of HCC cells, induced apoptosis and regulated the levels of inflammatory factors by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
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13
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Aiello VD, Tanigawa RY, Chate RC, de Campos FPF, Mansur AJ. Progressive dyspnea and a right atrial mass in an 80-year-old man. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2019; 9:e2019135. [PMID: 31807438 PMCID: PMC6880769 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2019.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the five most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide, according to the WHO. The disease is related to alcohol abuse, viral infections, and other causes of cirrhosis, and unfortunately, in some developed countries, the incidence shows an increasing trend. Although the diagnosis of the HCC often relies upon the context of a chronic hepatopathy, some cases may present a silent course, and the initial symptoms ensue when the disease is in an advanced stage with no chance for any therapeutic attempt. The clinical picture of the HCC is varied, and unexpected forms may surprise the clinician. One of the unusual presentations of the HCC is shock by the blockage of the venous return to the right atrium by the inferior vena cava infiltration. Herein we present a case of an old patient who sought medical care complaining of dyspnea. The clinical workup disclosed a right thorax pleural effusion and imaging exams depicted a mass in the right hepatic lobe, invasion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right atrium (RA). During the attempts of clinical investigation, the patient passed away. The autopsy disclosed an HCC involving the right hepatic lobe, with the invasion of the IVC and the RA. The authors highlight the importance of recognizing the bizarre presentation of not so rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Demarchi Aiello
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Medical School, Heart Institute, Laboratory of Pathology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ryan Yukimatsu Tanigawa
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Medical School, Department of Pathology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Caruso Chate
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas, Division of Radiology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo José Mansur
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Medical School, Heart Institute, General Outpatient Clinics, Division of Clinical Cardiology. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Abstract
US Hispanics are a disadvantaged population that paradoxically has lower mortality rates than non-Hispanic whites. We conducted a descriptive analysis of age-adjusted mortality rates for 113 causes of death for US Hispanics (USH) and US non-Hispanic whites (USNHW) during 1999-2015. All-cause, age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 were: 581.1 USH and 788.8 USNHW. Lower Hispanic mortality from cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease accounted for almost all the all-cause mortality gap. USH rates were higher than USNHW rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, and cervix; diabetes mellitus; liver disease; and homicide. Behavioural factors such as less smoking among USH probably drive their lower rates for the major chronic diseases. Social disadvantages contribute to elevated risk for certain cancers, diabetes, and homicide. Efforts to improve Hispanic well-being in the US should remedy the social disadvantages while preserving the health advantages the population enjoys.
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15
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Changing trends in liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex in the US: 1992-2016. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1377-1388. [PMID: 31606852 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver cancer incidence continues to increase while incidence of most other cancers is decreasing. We analyze recent and long-term trends of US liver cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and sex to best understand where to focus preventive efforts. METHODS Liver cancer incidence rates from 1992 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Delay-adjusted age-standardized incidence trends by race/ethnicity and sex were analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-specific incidence was analyzed using age-period-cohort models. Hepatitis C seroprevalence by cohort was calculated using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. RESULTS Liver cancer incidence has peaked in males and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Hispanic males, a high-incidence population, are experiencing a decrease in incidence, although not yet statistically significant. In contrast, incidence continues to increase in females, although at lower rates than in the 1990s, and American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Liver cancer incidence continues to be higher in males. Non-Hispanic Whites have the lowest incidence among racial/ethnic groups. Trends largely reflect differences in incidence by birth-cohort, which increased considerably, particularly in males, for those born around the 1950s, and continues to increase in females and AI/ANs. The patterns in males are likely driven by cohort variations in Hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSIONS Liver cancer incidence appears to have peaked among males. However, important differences in liver cancer trends by race/ethnicity and sex remain, highlighting the need for monitoring trends across different groups. Preventive interventions should focus on existing liver cancer disparities, targeting AI/ANs, females, and high-incidence groups.
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16
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An J, Chang S, Kim HI, Song GW, Shim JH. The clinical behavior and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and a family history of the disease. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6624-6633. [PMID: 31532075 PMCID: PMC6825981 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Familial clustering is a common feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as a risk factor for the disease. We aimed to assess whether such a family history affected prognostic outcomes in patients with HCC diagnosed at different stages of the disease. Materials/Methods This hospital registry‐based cohort study included 5484 patients initially diagnosed with HCC. Individual family histories of cancer were obtained by interview and reported by trained nurses who constructed three‐generation pedigrees. Overall survival data were compared between cases with and without first‐degree relatives affected by HCC, with adjustment for other potential predictors. Results Of 5484 patients, 845 (15.4%) had first‐degree relatives with a history of HCC. Family history was associated with longer survival in the entire cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80‐0.98, P = .025). A significant trend for reduced risk of death with increasing number of affected family members was also observed (P for trend = 0.018). The stage‐stratified analysis showed that the presence of family history was especially associated with a reduced risk of death in the subset of patients with HCC at a (very) early stage (adjusted HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69‐0.99; P = .042). The proportion of cases receiving curative treatment was also higher in early‐stage patients with a family history (72.6% vs 63.3%; P < .001). Conclusions A first‐degree family history of the disease is a prognostic factor for improved survival in patients with HCC, especially in those whose tumors can be cured by radical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun An
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Seheon Chang
- Internal Medicine, Myongji Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Il Kim
- Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Noda Y, Kawaguchi T, Kuromatsu R, Komukai S, Nakano M, Niizeki T, Koga H, Kawaguchi A, Torimura T. Prognostic profile of patients with non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma: A comparative study with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma using data mining analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:227-236. [PMID: 31289492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors are associated with the prognosis of patients with non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with non-viral HCC compared with that of patients with hepatitis C virus-related (HCV)-HCC and the features associated with prognosis of patients with non-viral HCC using data mining analyses. Patients with non-viral HCC (n=182, age 70.4±8.9 years) and HCV-HCC (n=612, age 70±8.4 years) were enrolled and the overall survival was compared between the non-viral HCC and HCV-HCC groups. The present study performed random forest and decision tree analyses to identify features that distinguish prognosis between the non-viral HCC and HCV-HCC groups. The median survival of the non-viral HCC group was significantly shorter than the HCV-HCC group (1,553 vs. 2,304 days, P<0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the non-viral HCC group was an independent risk factor for survival (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87, P=0.013). In the random forest analysis, the high-ranking distinguishable factors were 'number of tumors' and 'HCC stage' in the non-viral HCC group and 'albumin' and 'total bilirubin' in the HCV-HCC group. The decision tree analysis revealed that, in patients with HCC stage >I, the survival period in the non-viral HCC group was significantly shorter than the HCV-HCC group (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07-1.81, P=0.0132). The prognosis of patients with non-viral HCC was poorer than patients with HCV-HCC. In addition, data mining analysis revealed that tumor-related variables had the highest importance for survival in patients with non-viral HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Noda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuromatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Sho Komukai
- Division of Biomedical Statistics, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Niizeki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-0937, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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18
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Ding C, Fu X, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wu J, Huang C, Deng M, Li Y, Li L, Yang S. Disease burden of liver cancer in China from 1997 to 2016: an observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025613. [PMID: 31015269 PMCID: PMC6500226 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of liver cancer in China while identifying potential strategies to lower the disease burden. DESIGN Observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases. PARTICIPANTS Data were publicly available and de-identified and individuals were not involved. MEASUREMENT AND METHODS To measure the liver cancer burden, we extracted data from the Global Health Data Exchange using the metrics of prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Joinpoint and negative binomial regressions were applied to identify trends and risk factors. RESULTS From 1997 to 2016, the prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs of liver cancer in China were from 28.22/100 000 to 60.04/100 000, from 27.33/100 000 to 41.40/100 000, from 27.40/100 000 to 31.49/100 000 and from 10 311 308 to 11 539 102, respectively. The prevalence, incidence and mortality were increasing, with the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of 4.0% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.2%), 2.1% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.2%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%), respectively. Meanwhile, the rate of DALYs was stable with the AAPCs of -0.1% (95% CI -0.4% to 0.3%). The mortality-to-incidence ratio of liver cancer decreased from 1.00 in 1997 to 0.76 in 2016 (β=-0.014, p<0.0001). Males (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 2.68 to 3.30 for prevalence, OR: 2.45, 95% CI 2.21 to 2.71 for incidence) and the elderly individuals (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.59 for prevalence, OR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.60 for incidence) had a higher risk. Hepatitis B accounted for the highest proportion of liver cancer cases (55.11%) and deaths (54.13%). CONCLUSIONS The disease burden of liver cancer continued to increase in China with viral factors as one of the leading causes. Strategies such as promoting hepatitis B vaccinations, blocking the transmission of hepatitis C and reducing alcohol consumption should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Digital medicine, Zhejiang Institute of Medical Care Information Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Mo'men YS, Hussein RM, Kandeil MA. Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway in the protective effect of hesperidin against a chemically induced liver cancer in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22305. [PMID: 30779474 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside that is found in the Citrus species and showed antioxidant, hepatoprotective as well as anticancer activity. This study investigated the effect of hesperidin on the PI3K/Akt pathway as a possible mechanism for its protective effect against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adult Wistar rats were divided into Control group (received drug vehicle); DEN group (received 100 mg/L of DEN solution for 8 weeks), and hesperidin + DEN group (received 200 mg/kg body weight of hesperidin/day orally for 16 weeks + DEN solution as DEN group). Our findings showed that the administration of hesperidin significantly decreased the elevation in liver function enzymes, serum AFP level, and oxidative stress markers. Moreover, hesperidin administration suppressed DEN-induced upregulation of PI3K, Akt, CDK-2 protein expression, and preserved the integrity of the liver tissues from HCC formation. In conclusion, the hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin is mediated via its antioxidation and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S Mo'men
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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20
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Song H, Zhang S, Sun X, Liu J, Wu Y, Guo W, Wang F, Ou X, Cong M, Jin E, Li W, Liu S. Distinct Iron Deposition Profiles of Liver Zones in Various Models with Iron Homeostasis Disorders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800866. [PMID: 30479929 PMCID: PMC6247051 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determination of iron accumulation is crucial in diagnosing the occurrence and progression of many liver- and iron-related diseases. Thus far, little is known about the profiles of iron deposition in different liver zones, particularly under conditions with disordered iron homeostasis. Here, uneven iron distribution in livers of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is uncovered, showing the region with the highest iron concentration near the entrance site of the portal vein and hepatic artery in contrast to the sites with the lowest iron concentration close to the distal edge. Distinct iron distribution profiles are also found throughout liver zones in wild-type mice and various mouse models with iron metabolism disorders, including hemochromatosis (Hfe-/- ), iron deficiency, and inflammation. Of note, similar findings observed in HH patients are further demonstrated in Hfe-/- mice. Moreover, the zones with greater iron accumulation appear to be more sensitive to iron changes, e.g., there is iron increase upon iron overload and iron loss in response to iron deficiency. Mechanistic investigation manifests that these differential iron changes in liver zones are subjected to the regulation by the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Additionally, the data corroborate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recognizing the differential iron deposition profiles among liver zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive RegulationAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and ReproductionFuyang Normal UniversityFuyang236037China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Xia Sun
- Radiology DepartmentBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
| | - Yakun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenli Guo
- College of FisheriesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang453007China
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane4029Australia
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of NutritionNutrition Discovery Innovation CenterInstitute of Nutrition and Food SafetySchool of Public HealthSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310085China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research CenterBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Erhu Jin
- Radiology DepartmentBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive RegulationAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and ReproductionFuyang Normal UniversityFuyang236037China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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MiR-299-3p functions as a tumor suppressor via targeting Sirtuin 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:966-975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Rostoker G. When should iron supplementation in dialysis patients be avoided, minimized or withdrawn? Semin Dial 2018; 32:22-29. [PMID: 29956370 PMCID: PMC7379289 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral iron is used to restore the body's iron pool before and during erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) therapy; together these agents form the backbone of anemia management in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. ESRD patients receiving chronic intravenous iron products, which exceed their blood loss are exposed to an increased risk of positive iron balance. Measurement of the liver iron concentration (LIC) reflects total body iron stores in patients with secondary hemosiderosis and genetic hemochromatosis. Recent studies of LIC in hemodialysis patients, measured by quantitative MRI and magnetic susceptometry, have demonstrated a high risk of iron overload in dialysis patients treated with IV iron products at doses advocated by current anemia management guidelines for dialysis patients. Liver iron overload causes increased production of hepcidin and elevated plasma levels, which can activate macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques. This mechanism may explain the results of 3 long‐term epidemiological studies which showed the association of excessive IV iron doses with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. A more physiological approach of iron therapy in ESRD is needed. Peritoneal dialysis patients, hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis C virus, and hemodialysis patients with ferritin above 1000 μg/L without a concomitant inflammatory state, all require specific and cautious iron management. Two recent studies have shown that most hemodialysis patients will benefit from lower maintenance IV iron dosages; their results are applicable to American hemodialysis patients. Novel pharmacometric and economic approaches to iron therapy and anemia management are emerging which are designed to lessen the potential side effects of excessive IV iron while maintaining hemoglobin stability without an increase in ESA dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Rostoker
- Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Quincy sous Sénart, France
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Abadia AF, Grant KL, Carey KE, Bolch WE, Morin RL. Spatial Distribution of Iron Within the Normal Human Liver Using Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT Imaging. Invest Radiol 2017; 52:693-700. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Vitamin D 3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of mouse hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by hexachlorobenzene fungicide. Food Chem Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28634113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorobezene (HCB), a fungicide widely distributed in the environment, promotes the development of hepatocellular preneoplastic lesions (PNL) and tumors in rodents. In contrast, vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation presents a potential role for the prevention/treatment of chronic liver diseases. Thus, we investigated whether VD3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of HCB-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. Female Balb/C mice were injected a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 50 mg/kg) at postnatal day 15. From day 40 onwards, mice were fed with a standard diet containing 0.02% HCB alone or supplemented with VD3 (10,000 or 20,000 IU/Kg diet) for 20 weeks. Untreated mice were fed just standard diet. After this period, mice were euthanized and liver and serum samples were collected. Compared to the untreated group, DEN/HCB treatment decreased total hepatic glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity while increased lipid peroxidation, p65 protein expression, cell proliferation/apoptosis and the PNL development. In contrast, dietary VD3 supplementation enhanced vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein expression, total glutathione levels and GSH-Px activity while diminished lipid hydroperoxide levels. Also, VD3 supplementation decreased p65 protein expression, hepatocyte proliferation, the size and the liver area occupied by PNL. Therefore, our findings indicate that VD3 supplementation attenuates the early stage of HCB-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Karageorgos SA, Stratakou S, Koulentaki M, Voumvouraki A, Mantaka A, Samonakis D, Notas G, Kouroumalis EA. Long-term change in incidence and risk factors of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Crete, Greece: a 25-year study. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:357-363. [PMID: 28469367 PMCID: PMC5411387 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No sequential long-term data exist for Greece on the etiological evolution and incidence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we studied their etiological evolution over a period of 25 years in the island of Crete. METHODS We studied 812 cases of cirrhosis (561 male, median age 69 years) and 321 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (234 male, median age 70 years) from the database of our Center. Cases were classified into five-year periods according to incidence and etiology (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol, alcohol plus viral, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). RESULTS Overall, there was an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. A significant fourfold reduction in the incidence of hepatitis C-related cirrhosis was observed, which was degraded from first to third place as a risk factor for cirrhosis. Alcohol gradually became the first risk factor in cirrhosis (1990-94: 36.1%, 2010-14: 52.3%) and carcinoma, while the steepest increase in incidence of cirrhosis and carcinoma was associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of cirrhosis remained constant over the years, but the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma increased during the last decade. Risk factors for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have changed over the past 25 years in Crete. The initial high hepatitis C virus association has significantly decreased, with alcohol now ranking first among risk factors. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is continually increasing and is a prominent risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Karageorgos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - Soultana Stratakou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - Mairi Koulentaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - Aikaterini Mantaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - Dimitrios Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete School of Medicine (George Notas), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias A Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete School of Medicine (Spyridon A. Karageorgos, Soultana Stratakou, Mairi Koulentaki, Argyro Voumvouraki, Aikaterini Mantaka, Dimitrios Samonakis, Elias A. Kouroumalis)
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Rostoker G, Vaziri ND. Impact of iatrogenic iron overload on the course of hepatitis C in the dialysis population: A plea for caution. Hemodial Int 2017; 21 Suppl 1:S68-S77. [PMID: 28332306 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
About 2.5% of the world population, corresponding to about 177 million individuals, are infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), a small, single-stranded RNA virus. The prevalence of HCV infection among dialysis patients in Japan, Europe, and North America during the 2012 to 2015 period was found to be 8.7% in the DOPPS study. Nosocomial HCV spread in hemodialysis facilities still occurs. Increased hepatic tissue iron has been shown to play a deleterious role in the course of hepatitis C, favor development of fibrosis and cirrhosis and possibly increase the risk of liver cancer in the general population. Regular loss of blood in the hemodialysis circuit, in routine blood sampling for laboratory tests (for uremia monitoring), and in gut due to uremic enteropathy, invariably results in iron deficiency for which patients are commonly treated with intravenous (IV) iron preparations. Data on the effects of IV iron in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C are limited (2 studies) and strongly suggest that parenteral iron may contribute to hepatocellular injury. Iatrogenic iron overload is extremely prevalent among hemodialysis population worldwide. Iron overload and toxicity has emerged as one of the most controversial topic in the management of anemia in dialysis patients. Given the known impact of iron in promoting growth and virulence of HCV and the associated liver disease, it is necessary to use iron therapy cautiously and closely monitor plasma markers of iron metabolism and liver iron stores non-invasively by means of MRI to avoid iron overload in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Rostoker
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hôpital Privé Claude Galien, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Quincy sous Sénart, France
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Genotyping of coding single nucleotide variants of the hOAT2[SLC22A7] gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver tumor. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Peres NP, Galbiatti-Dias ALS, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, da Silva RF, Pavarino ÉC, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Ruiz-Cintra MT. Polymorphisms of folate metabolism genes in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1234-1243. [PMID: 27803768 PMCID: PMC5067443 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i29.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluated the association of the risk factors and polymorphisms in MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G and MTRR A66G genes.
METHODS Patients with cirrhosis (n = 116), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 71) and controls (n = 356) were included. Polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion and allelic discrimination technique real-time PCR techniques were used for analysis. MINITAB-14.0 and SNPstats were utilized for statistical analysis.
RESULTS Showed that age ≥ 46 years (OR = 10.31; 95%CI: 5.66-18.76; P < 0.001) and smoking (OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.28-0.78; P = 0.003) were associated with cirrhosis. Age ≥ 46 years (OR = 16.36; 95%CI: 6.68-40.05; P < 0.001) and alcohol habit (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.03-3.89; P = 0.039) were associated with HCC. MTHFR A1298C in codominant model (OR = 3.37; 95%CI: 1.52-7.50; P = 0.014), recessive model (OR = 3.04; 95%CI: 1.43-6.47; P = 0.0051) and additive model (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.16-2.52; P = 0.0072) was associated with HCC, as well as MTR A2756G in the additive model (OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.01-2.77; P = 0.047), and MTRR A66G in the codominant model (OR = 3.26; 95%CI: 1.54-6.87; P < 0.001), dominant model (OR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.24-5.25; P = 0.007) and overdominant model (OR = 3.05; 95%CI: 1.66-5.62; P < 0.001). MTR A2756G in the additive model (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33; P = 0.042) and smokers who presented at least one polymorphic allele for MTRR A66G (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 0.77-3.82; P = 0.0051) showed increased risk for cirrhosis. There was no association between clinical parameters and polymorphisms.
CONCLUSION Age ≥ 46 years, alcohol habit and MTR A2756G, MTHFR A1298C and MTRR A66G polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of HCC development; age ≥ 46 years, tobacco habit and the MTR A2756G polymorphism are associated with cirrhosis.
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Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C patients in Mid Delta, Egypt: A single center study. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2016; 28:257-262. [PMID: 27378258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an increasing incidence worldwide. In this study we aimed to assess the prevalence of HCC among HCV patients in our center in Mid Delta, Egypt. PATIENTS AND METHODS During the period between April 2013 and January 2015, we screened sequentially chronic HCV patients attending inpatient wards or outpatient Clinic of Tropical Medicine Department in Tanta University Hospital for HCC. Individuals with focal lesion in Ultrasound (US) and/or serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level >200ng/ml were examined by triphasic computed tomography scanning (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Among 514 HCV patients interviewed and accepted sharing in this study, 90 (17.5%), 144 (28%), and 280 (54.5%) were Child A, B, and C, respectively. We found that 108/514 patients (21%) had focal lesion detected by US. Also, 89/514 (17.3%) had elevated AFP >200, 13 of them (14.6%) had no focal lesion on US, but further work up showed HCC in 2 of them. Overall HCC diagnosis was confirmed in 103 cases, 94 of them (91.3%) were Child B or C. Occurrence of HCC was significantly higher in smokers, diabetics, patients with decompensated liver and those with positive family history of HCC. Only 20/103 (19.4%) were candidates to curative treatments, 8 of them were Child A asymptomatic and discovered accidentally during screening. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of HCC in our HCV patients (22%) was mainly associated with decompensated cirrhosis. A national surveillance program for the detection of HCC in cirrhotic HCV Egyptian patients by combining ultrasound examination and AFP is highly recommended.
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Sifaki-Pistolla D, Karageorgos SA, Koulentaki M, Samonakis D, Stratakou S, Digenakis E, Kouroumalis E. Geoepidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the island of Crete, Greece. A possible role of pesticides. Liver Int 2016; 36:588-94. [PMID: 26610175 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Geoepidemiological data of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. Crete has a genetically homogeneous population and is suitable for studies to identify a possible contribution of environmental factors in HCC. METHODS Databases for HCC (316 cases), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (633) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (392), constructed over the past 20 years in our Unit, were used. Data included place of birth and place of residence for the last 15 years. Hellenic Statistical Authority provided population statistics from 1980 to 2014. Time-spatial methods were applied in Gis-ArcMap 10 software. Spatial autocorrelation tests (Moran's index) detected differences between the spatial distribution to place of residence. Spatial density maps were created. Kriging Interpolation was applied, to produce prediction maps of HCC. RESULTS Hepatitis C virus appears in areas of high prevalence while HBV is uniformly distributed. HCC is more prevalent in Eastern Crete. A spatial autocorrelation between HCC and either HCV (Moran's I = 0.88, P < 0.001) or HBV (I = 0.84, P < 0.02) was found as expected. However, there is a discrepancy in the South East of Crete, where a higher prevalence of HCC than expected was observed. This is an area where extensive use of pesticides in large green houses is practiced. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with the dispersion of HCV and HBVs. In an area with widespread use of pesticides, a higher than expected spatial distribution of HCC was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spyridon A Karageorgos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mairi Koulentaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Soultana Stratakou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Digenakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Kouroumalis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Makarova-Rusher OV, Altekruse SF, McNeel TS, Ulahannan S, Duffy AG, Graubard BI, Greten TF, McGlynn KA. Population attributable fractions of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 2016; 122:1757-65. [PMID: 26998818 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence has been increasing in the United States for several decades; and, as the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection declines and the prevalence of metabolic disorders rises, the proportion of HCC attributable to various risk factors may be changing. METHODS Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linkage were used to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) for each risk factor over time. Patients with HCC (n = 10,708) who were diagnosed during the years 2000 through 2011 were compared with a 5% random sample of cancer-free controls (n = 332,107) residing in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and PAFs were calculated for HCV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), metabolic disorders, alcohol-related disorders, smoking, and genetic disorders. RESULTS Overall, the PAF was greatest for metabolic disorders (32%), followed by HCV (20.5%), alcohol (13.4%), smoking (9%), HBV (4.3%), and genetic disorders (1.5%). The PAF for all factors combined was 59.5%. PAFs differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Metabolic disorders had the largest PAF among Hispanics (PAF, 39.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31.9%-46.7%) and whites (PAF, 34.8%; 95% CI, 33.1%-36.5%), whereas HCV had the largest PAF among blacks (PAF, 36.1%; 95% CI, 31.8%-40.4%) and Asians (PAF, 29.7%; 95% CI, 25.9%-33.4%). Between 2000 and 2011, the PAF of metabolic disorders increased from 25.8% (95% CI, 22.8%-28.9%) to 36% (95% CI, 33.6%-38.5%). In contrast, the PAFs of alcohol-related disorders and HCV remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Among US Medicare recipients, metabolic disorders contribute more to the burden of HCC than any other risk factor, and the fraction of HCC caused by metabolic disorders has increased in the last decade. Cancer 2016;122:1757-65. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA..
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V Makarova-Rusher
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sean F Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim S McNeel
- Information Management Services Inc, Calverton, Maryland
| | - Susanna Ulahannan
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Austin G Duffy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Koduru P, Suzuki R, Lakhtakia S, Ramchandani M, Makmun D, Bhutani MS. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:143-9. [PMID: 27508203 PMCID: PMC4918294 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s60868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The mortality rate remains high despite many advances in treatment. HCC is frequently diagnosed late in its course due to lack of classical symptoms at earlier stages. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for the diagnostic evaluation, staging, and treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration has been a valuable addition to EUS by being able to obtain tissue under direct visualization. Here, we review the potential role of EUS in the diagnosis and management of HCC. EUS seems to be a safe and reliable alternative method for obtaining tissue for diagnosis of liver cancer, especially for lesions that are inaccessible by traditional methods. EUS could play an important role in the diagnosis and management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramoda Koduru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Dadang Makmun
- University of Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Luo XF, Xie XQ, Cheng S, Yang Y, Yan J, Zhang H, Chai WM, Schmidt B, Yan FH. Dual-Energy CT for Patients Suspected of Having Liver Iron Overload: Can Virtual Iron Content Imaging Accurately Quantify Liver Iron Content? Radiology 2015; 277:95-103. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Oncale M, Lewis B. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extension to the heart via the inferior vena cava. Proc AMIA Symp 2015; 28:229-30. [PMID: 25829663 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2015.11929240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most cases of HCC are associated with cirrhosis from various causes such as alcohol or viral hepatitis. Most patients are symptomatic as a result of cirrhosis itself or secondary to tumor extension. These tumors have an affinity for the vasculature and often invade the portal system. HCC rarely causes invasion of the inferior vena cava or the heart. We, however, present a case of HCC in a patient without cirrhosis who remained asymptomatic despite having tumor extension to the heart by way of the inferior vena cava. The mean survival in patients with intracardiac extension with or without aggressive treatment or intervention is approximately 4 months, but our patient greatly exceeded survival expectations after treatment with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Oncale
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncale) and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (Lewis), Tulane University Hospitals and Clinics, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Oncale is now affiliated with Oschner Health System
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine (Oncale) and the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology (Lewis), Tulane University Hospitals and Clinics, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dr. Oncale is now affiliated with Oschner Health System
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Luo XF, Yang Y, Yan J, Xie XQ, Zhang H, Chai WM, Wang L, Schmidt B, Yan FH. Virtual iron concentration imaging based on dual-energy CT for noninvasive quantification and grading of liver iron content: An iron overload rabbit model study. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:2657-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mansoori AA, Jain SK. Molecular Links between Alcohol and Tobacco Induced DNA Damage, Gene Polymorphisms and Patho-physiological Consequences: A Systematic Review of Hepatic Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4803-12. [PMID: 26163595 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol and tobacco abuse plays a crucial role in the development of different liver associated disorders. Intake promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species within hepatic cells exposing their DNA to continuous oxidative stress which finally leads to DNA damage. However in response to such damage an entangled protective repair machinery comprising different repair proteins like ATM, ATR, H2AX, MRN complex becomes activated. Under abnormal conditions the excessive reactive oxygen species generation results in genetic predisposition of various genes (as ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTM1) involved in xenobiotic metabolic pathways, associated with susceptibility to different liver related diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is increasing evidence that the inflammatory process is inherently associated with many different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinomas. The generated reactive oxygen species can also activate or repress epigenetic elements such as chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs (micro-RNAs), DNA (de) methylation and histone modification that affect gene expression, hence leading to various disorders. The present review provides comprehensive knowledge of different molecular mechanisms involved in gene polymorphism and their possible association with alcohol and tobacco consumption. The article also showcases the necessity of identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer risk assessment among alcohol and tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Anvesh Mansoori
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. India E-mail :
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Toda M, Kobayashi Y, Koizumi T, Saito K, Ohbayashi M, Kohyama N, Aoki T, Murakami M, Yasuhara H, Yamamoto T. Genetic polymorphism of the human organic solute carrier protein 1 (hOSCP1) gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver carcinoma. Meta Gene 2014; 2:686-93. [PMID: 25606452 PMCID: PMC4287821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human organic solute carrier protein 1 (hOSCP1) is a Na+-independent multispecific organic solute transporter. To date, several studies have revealed that gene mutations of the transporters are likely to be associated with some diseases; however, there are no data concerning the genetic polymorphism of the hOSCP1 gene in Japanese patients with non-viral liver carcinoma (LC). In the present study, we isolated genomic DNA from a normal portion of LC, and analyzed 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen from a database of SNPs (dbSNPs). We found genotype frequencies for 2 non-synonymous SNPs [rs34409118 (Thr131 → Ala) and rs1416840 (Ile219 → Thr)] and 1 synonymous SNP [rs16822954 (Ser193 → Ser)] to be statistically significant when compared with dbSNPs. No statistical significance was observed in rs2275477 (Gly307 → Arg) in the hOSCP1 gene. With respect to the allele frequency, we also observed rs34409118 to be statistically significant. Interestingly, we found that non-viral LC patients do not carry heterozygous mutations in rs1416840 (A/G) and rs16822954 (A/G), suggesting that a non-carrier of heterozygous mutations in these two SNPs might be a biomarker for susceptibility for non-viral LC in Japanese. Further analyses of patients with hOSCP1 variants may elucidate the relationship between the hOSCP1 gene and susceptibility of non-viral LC in Japanese patients.
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Key Words
- AGC2, aspartate glutamate carrier 2
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Genetic polymorphism
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- ICG, indocyanine green test
- LC, liver carcinoma
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDR1, multidrug-resistance 1
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Non-viral liver carcinoma
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SLC/Slc, solute carrier
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Transporter
- cSNPs, coding single nucleotide polymorphisms
- hOSCP1
- hOSCP1, human organic solute carrier protein 1
- hURAT1, urate transporter 1
- γ-GTP, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Toda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuna Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotake Koizumi
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Saito
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohbayashi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Kohyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murakami
- School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hajime Yasuhara
- School of Pharmacy, 2nd Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Altekruse SF, Henley SJ, Cucinelli JE, McGlynn KA. Changing hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and liver cancer mortality rates in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:542-53. [PMID: 24513805 PMCID: PMC4148914 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to describe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence trends and the US liver cancer mortality trends by geography, age, race/ethnicity, and gender. METHODS HCC incidence data from SEER 18 registries and liver cancer mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed. Rates and joinpoint trends were calculated by demographic subgroup. State-level liver cancer mortality rates and trends were mapped. RESULTS HCC incidence rates in SEER registries did not significantly increase during 2007-2010; however, the US liver cancer mortality rates did increase. HCC incidence and liver cancer mortality rates increased among black, Hispanic, and white men aged 50+ years and decreased among 35-49-year-old men in all racial/ethnic groups including Asians/Pacific Islanders. Significantly increasing incidence and mortality rates among women were restricted to blacks, Hispanics, and whites aged 50+ years. Asian/Pacific Islander liver cancer mortality rates decreased during 2000-2010 with decreasing rates among women aged 50-64 years and men aged 35-49 years and stable rates in other groups. During 2006-2010, among individuals 50-64 years of age, blacks and Hispanics had higher incidence and mortality rates than Asians/Pacific Islanders. Liver cancer mortality rates were highest in Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Washington, DC. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing HCC incidence and liver cancer mortality rates among Asians/Pacific Islanders, men aged 35-49 years, and the nonsignificant increase in overall HCC incidence rates suggest that the peak of the epidemic may be near or have passed. Findings of geographic variation in mortality rates can inform control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Karabulut S, Duranyıldız D, Tas F, Gezer U, Akyüz F, Serilmez M, Ozgür E, Yasasever CT, Vatansever S, Aykan NF. Clinical significance of serum circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:2729-39. [PMID: 24272080 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of our study was to investigate the usefulness of serum protein and circulating mRNA of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifty-four HCC patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. Pretreatment serum IGF-1 and IGF-1 mRNA were determined by the solid-phase sandwich ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR method, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years, range 36-77 years; where majority of group were male (n = 48, 88.8%). All patients had cirrhotic history. Forty-six percent (n = 25) of patients had Child-Pugh score A, 30% (n = 16) had score B or C. All of the patients were treated with local therapies and none of them received sorafenib. The baseline serum IGF-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in HCC patients than in the control group (p = 0.04), whereas no significant difference was observed for IGF-1 protein levels between the two group (p = 0.18). Patients with history of HBV infection, who were not treated, and who received multiple palliative treatment for HCC had higher serum IGF-1 mRNA levels (p = 0.03, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively). Poor performance status (p < 0.001), viral etiology of cirrhosis (p = 0.03), larger tumor size (p = 0.01), lower serum hemoglobin levels (p = 0.03), and not be treated for HCC (p = 0.001) related to worse survival. However, neither serum IGF-1 nor serum IGF-1 mRNA had significantly adverse effect on survival (p = 0.53 and 0.42, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karabulut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Ba-Ssalamah A, Qayyum A, Bastati N, Fakhrai N, Herold CJ, Caseiro Alves F. P4 radiology of hepatobiliary diseases with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI as a biomarker. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:147-60. [PMID: 24417263 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.876359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A recent paradigm shift in radiology has focused on the globalization of so-called P4 radiology. P4 radiology represents delivery of imaging results that are predictive, personalized, pre-emptive and participatory. The combination of the P4 approach and biomarkers is particularly pertinent to MRI, especially with technological advances such as diffusion-weighted imaging. The development of new liver-specific MRI contrast media, particularly gadoxetic acid, demonstrate specific pharmacokinetic properties, which provide combined morphologic and functional information in the same setting. The evaluation of hepatobiliary pathology beyond morphology gives rise to the possibilty of using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI as an imaging biomarker of hepatobiliary diseases. The integration of functional imaging with an understanding of complex disease mechanisms forms the basis for P4 radiology, which may ultimately lead to individualized, cost-effective, targeted therapy for patients. This will enable radiologists to determine the prognosis of the disease and estimate early response to treatment, with the participation of all the required medical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, The General Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Jeng JE, Tsai MF, Tsai HR, Chuang LY, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, Chen SC, Chuang WL, Wang LY, Yu ML, Dai CY, Tsai JF. Impact of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C on adverse hepatic fibrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma related to betel quid chewing. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:637-642. [PMID: 24568470 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to habitual betel quid (BQ) chewing is unclear. Risk of HCCis increased with adverse hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic viral hepatitis on adverse hepatic fibrosis in HCC related to BQ chewing. This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 200 pairs of age- and gender-matched patients with HCC and unrelated healthy controls. Serologic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and surrogate markers for significant hepatic fibrosis were measured. Information on substance-use habits was obtained with a questionnaire. By analysis of surrogate markers for hepatic fibrosis, the prevalence of significant hepatic fibrosis in patients chewing BQ was between 45.8% and 91.7%, whereas that for patients without BQ chewing was between 18.4% and 57.9%. The difference was significant (P <0.05 for each surrogate marker). Multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (odds ratio (OR) = 3.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29- 8.37), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.92, 95% CI, 1.77-8.68), AFP >400 mg/L (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.05-4.66) and male gender (OR = 4.06, 95% CI, 1.29-12.77) were independent factors associated with habitual BQ chewing. In conclusion, adverse hepatic fibrosis and severe liver damage play important roles in the pathogenesis of BQ- related HCC, which could be aggravated by chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. BQ-cessation programs and prevention of chronic HBV/HCV infection are needed to prevent HCC related to BQ chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Eing Jeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan E-mail :
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Chen X, Li S, He L, Wang X, Liang P, Chen W, Bian M, Ren M, Lin J, Liang C, Xu J, Wu Z, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Molecular characterization of severin from Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products and its potential anti-apoptotic role in hepatocarcinoma PLC cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2606. [PMID: 24367717 PMCID: PMC3868641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis, caused by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is a kind of neglected tropical disease, but it is highly related to cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been well known that the excretory/secretory products of C. sinensis (CsESPs) play key roles in clonorchiasis associated carcinoma. From genome and transcriptome of C. sinensis, we identified one component of CsESPs, severin (Csseverin), which had three putative gelsolin domains. Its homologues are supposed to play a vital role in apoptosis resistance of tumour cell. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS There was significant similarity in tertiary structures between human gelsolin and Csseverin by bioinformatics analysis. We identified that Csseverin expressed at life stage of adult worm, metacercaria and egg by the method of quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Csseverin distributed in vitellarium and intrauterine eggs of adult worm and tegument of metacercaria by immunofluorence assay. We obtained recombinant Csseverin (rCsseverin) and confirmed that rCsseverin could bind with calciumion in circular dichroism spectrum analysis. It was demonstrated that rCsseverin was of the capability of actin binding by gel overlay assay and immunocytochemistry. Both Annexin V/PI assay and mitochondrial membrane potential assay of human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC showed apoptosis resistance after incubation with different concentrations of rCsseverin. Morphological analysis, apoptosis-associated changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay showed that co-incubation of PLC cells with rCsseverin in vitro led to an inhibition of apoptosis induced by serum-starved for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, the molecular properties of Csseverin, a molecule of CsESPs, were characterized in our study. rCsseverin could cause obvious apoptotic inhibition in human HCC cell line. Csseverin might exacerbate the process of HCC patients combined with C. sinensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Meng Bian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Jinsi Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control at Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People′s Republic of China
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Clinical significance of serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2327-33. [PMID: 24142532 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)in HCC patients and the relationship with tumor progression and known prognostic parameters. Fifty-four patients with HCC were investigated. Pretreatment HGF levels were employed the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA). Age and sex matched 20 healthy controls were included in the analysis. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range 36-77 years); where males consistituted of majority of the group (88.8%). All of patients had cirrhotic history. Fourty-six percent (n = 25) of patients had Child-Pugh Score A, 30% (n = 16) had Score B or C. All of the patients were treated with local therapies but none of them received sorafenib. The baseline serum HGF levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in the control group (p < 0.001). Male patients had higher serum HGF levels compared with female patients (p = 0.01). Serum HGF levels were significantly higher in the patients with elevated serum ALT levels than others with normal serum ALT levels (p = 0.05). Poor performance status (p < 0.001), viral etiology of cirrhosis (p = 0.03), larger tumor size (p = 0.01), lower serum hemogloblin levels (p = 0.03), and not be treated for HCC (p = 0.001) related to worse survival. However, serum HGF did not have significantly adverse effect on survival (p = 0.58). Despite serum HGF levels were found diagnostic value, serum HGF levels had no prognostic value in patients with HCC.
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