1
|
Iacobas DA, Allen H, Iacobas S. Low-Salt Diet Regulates the Metabolic and Signal Transduction Genomic Fabrics, and Remodels the Cardiac Normal and Chronic Pathological Pathways. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2355-2385. [PMID: 38534766 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-salt diet (LSD) is a constant recommendation to hypertensive patients, but the genomic mechanisms through which it improves cardiac pathophysiology are still not fully understood. Our publicly accessible transcriptomic dataset of the left ventricle myocardium of adult male mice subjected to prolonged LSD or normal diet was analyzed from the perspective of the Genomic Fabric Paradigm. We found that LSD shifted the metabolic priorities by increasing the transcription control for fatty acids biosynthesis while decreasing it for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Moreover, LSD remodeled pathways responsible for cardiac muscle contraction (CMC), chronic Chagas (CHA), diabetic (DIA), dilated (DIL), and hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathies, and their interplays with the glycolysis/glucogenesis (GLY), oxidative phosphorylation (OXP), and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes (ASC). For instance, the statistically (p < 0.05) significant coupling between GLY and ASC was reduced by LSD from 13.82% to 2.91% (i.e., -4.75×), and that of ASC with HCM from 10.50% to 2.83% (-3.71×). The substantial up-regulation of the CMC, ASC, and OXP genes, and the significant weakening of the synchronization of the expression of the HCM, CHA, DIA, and DIL genes within their respective fabrics justify the benefits of the LSD recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru A Iacobas
- Undergraduate Medical Academy, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Haile Allen
- Undergraduate Medical Academy, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
DeMichele E, Sosnowski O, Buret AG, Allain T. Regulatory Functions of Hypoxia in Host-Parasite Interactions: A Focus on Enteric, Tissue, and Blood Protozoa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1598. [PMID: 37375100 PMCID: PMC10303274 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Body tissues are subjected to various oxygenic gradients and fluctuations and hence can become transiently hypoxic. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master transcriptional regulator of the cellular hypoxic response and is capable of modulating cellular metabolism, immune responses, epithelial barrier integrity, and local microbiota. Recent reports have characterized the hypoxic response to various infections. However, little is known about the role of HIF activation in the context of protozoan parasitic infections. Growing evidence suggests that tissue and blood protozoa can activate HIF and subsequent HIF target genes in the host, helping or hindering their pathogenicity. In the gut, enteric protozoa are adapted to steep longitudinal and radial oxygen gradients to complete their life cycle, yet the role of HIF during these protozoan infections remains unclear. This review focuses on the hypoxic response to protozoa and its role in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. We also discuss how hypoxia modulates host immune responses in the context of protozoan infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily DeMichele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Olivia Sosnowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rashidi S, Mansouri R, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Muro A, Nguewa P, Manzano-Román R. The most prominent modulated annexins during parasitic infections. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106942. [PMID: 37172709 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Annexins (ANXs) exert different functions in cell biological and pathological processes and are thus known as double or multi-faceted proteins. These sophisticated proteins might express on both parasite structure and secretion and in parasite-infected host cells. In addition to the characterization of these pivotal proteins, describing their mechanism of action can be also fruitful in recognizing their roles in the pathogenesis of parasitic infections. Accordingly, this study presents the most prominent ANXs thus far identified and their relevant functions in parasites and infected host cells during pathogenesis, especially in the most important intracellular protozoan parasitic infections including leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, malaria and trypanosomiasis. The data provided in this study demonstrate that the helminth parasites most probably express and secret ANXs to develop pathogenesis while the modulation of the host-ANXs could be employed as a crucial strategy by intracellular protozoan parasites. Moreover, such data highlight that the use of analogs of both parasite and host ANX peptides (which mimic or regulate ANXs physiological functions through various strategies) might suggest novel therapeutic insights into the treatment of parasitic infections. Furthermore, due to the prominent immunoregulatory activities of ANXs during most parasitic infections and the expression levels of these proteins in some parasitic infected tissues, such multifunctional proteins might be also potentially relevant as vaccine and diagnostic biomarkers. We also suggest some prospects and insights that could be useful and applicable to form the basis of future experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paul Nguewa
- University of Navarra, ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Venturini G, Alvim JM, Padilha K, Toepfer CN, Gorham JM, Wasson LK, Biagi D, Schenkman S, Carvalho VM, Salgueiro JS, Cardozo KHM, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Cardiomyocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi promotes innate immune response and glycolysis activation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1098457. [PMID: 36814444 PMCID: PMC9940271 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1098457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas cardiomyopathy, a disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection, is a major contributor to heart failure in Latin America. There are significant gaps in our understanding of the mechanism for infection of human cardiomyocytes, the pathways activated during the acute phase of the disease, and the molecular changes that lead to the progression of cardiomyopathy. Methods To investigate the effects of T. cruzi on human cardiomyocytes during infection, we infected induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) with the parasite and analyzed cellular, molecular, and metabolic responses at 3 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours post infection (hpi) using transcriptomics (RNAseq), proteomics (LC-MS), and metabolomics (GC-MS and Seahorse) analyses. Results Analyses of multiomic data revealed that cardiomyocyte infection caused a rapid increase in genes and proteins related to activation innate and adaptive immune systems and pathways, including alpha and gamma interferons, HIF-1α signaling, and glycolysis. These responses resemble prototypic responses observed in pathogen-activated immune cells. Infection also caused an activation of glycolysis that was dependent on HIF-1α signaling. Using gene editing and pharmacological inhibitors, we found that T. cruzi uptake was mediated in part by the glucose-facilitated transporter GLUT4 and that the attenuation of glycolysis, HIF-1α activation, or GLUT4 expression decreased T. cruzi infection. In contrast, pre-activation of pro-inflammatory immune responses with LPS resulted in increased infection rates. Conclusion These findings suggest that T. cruzi exploits a HIF-1α-dependent, cardiomyocyte-intrinsic stress-response activation of glycolysis to promote intracellular infection and replication. These chronic immuno-metabolic responses by cardiomyocytes promote dysfunction, cell death, and the emergence of cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Venturini
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Alvim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kallyandra Padilha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher N. Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua M. Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren K. Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jose E. Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C. Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Christine E. Seidman,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Theory and Applications of the (Cardio) Genomic Fabric Approach to Post-Ischemic and Hypoxia-Induced Heart Failure. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081246. [PMID: 36013195 PMCID: PMC9410512 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic fabric paradigm (GFP) characterizes the transcriptome topology by the transcripts’ abundances, the variability of the expression profile, and the inter-coordination of gene expressions in each pathophysiological condition. The expression variability analysis provides an indirect estimate of the cell capability to limit the stochastic fluctuations of the expression levels of key genes, while the expression coordination analysis determines the gene networks in functional pathways. This report illustrates the theoretical bases and the mathematical framework of the GFP with applications to our microarray data from mouse models of post ischemic, and constant and intermittent hypoxia-induced heart failures. GFP analyses revealed the myocardium priorities in keeping the expression of key genes within narrow intervals, determined the statistically significant gene interlinkages, and identified the gene master regulators in the mouse heart left ventricle under normal and ischemic conditions. We quantified the expression regulation, alteration of the expression control, and remodeling of the gene networks caused by the oxygen deprivation and determined the efficacy of the bone marrow mono-nuclear stem cell injections to restore the normal transcriptome. Through the comprehensive assessment of the transcriptome, GFP would pave the way towards the development of personalized gene therapy of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Libisch MG, Rego N, Robello C. Transcriptional Studies on Trypanosoma cruzi - Host Cell Interactions: A Complex Puzzle of Variables. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692134. [PMID: 34222052 PMCID: PMC8248493 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas Disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects nearly eight million people in the world. T. cruzi is a complex taxon represented by different strains with particular characteristics, and it has the ability to infect and interact with almost any nucleated cell. The T. cruzi-host cell interactions will trigger molecular signaling cascades in the host cell that will depend on the particular cell type and T. cruzi strain, and also on many different experimental variables. In this review we collect data from multiple transcriptomic and functional studies performed in different infection models, in order to highlight key differences between works that in our opinion should be addressed when comparing and discussing results. In particular, we focus on changes in the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation of host cells in response to infection, which depends on the experimental model of T. cruzi infection. Finally, we also discuss host cell responses which reiterate independently of the strain, cell type and experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Libisch
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero Patógeno-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rego
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero Patógeno-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Carlos Robello,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Libisch MG, Rego N, Díaz-Viraqué F, Robello C. Host-pathogen transcriptomics: Trypanosoma cruzi as a model for studying RNA contamination. J Proteomics 2020; 223:103804. [PMID: 32422276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular infection assays constitute essential tools to understand host-pathogen interactions, particularly for intracellular microorganisms that are produced in cell lines are needed to propagate the microorganism. In this work, we demonstrate that RNA derived from Vero cells is an important contaminant to consider in order to avoid false positive results in transcriptomic experiments. We study the cross-contamination on a Trypanosoma cruzi cell infection model, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. We implemented the most frequently used trypanosome-purification protocols and, for all of them, we detected RNAs derived from Vero cells in trypomastigote extracts. For some of the protocols we also detected Vero RNAs in infected human cells. We also found this type of contamination in microarray experiments of human samples infected with T. cruzi. Concerning Illumina RNA-Seq data, we found that the contamination with Vero cells is probably introducing spurious results. Finally, we recommend a protocol to purify trypomastigotes, which showed a high percentage of trypomastigote recovery and the absence of Vero contamination in infected human samples. Avoiding this type of contamination should be an important factor to consider during experimental design, in order to minimize false positive results in transcriptomic studies as well as RNA contamination in vaccine production. SIGNIFICANCE: Transcriptomic studies are widely used to understand host-pathogen interactions. When the pathogen is an intracellular microorganism, an additional mammalian cell system can be needed to propagate it. In this work we demonstrate that pathogens purified from infected monolayers can carry RNAs from these mammalian cells, and that this ambient RNA contamination is probably producing false positive results in subsequent transcriptomic studies performed with qRT-PCR, microarrays or Next Generation Sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Libisch
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rego
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Díaz-Viraqué
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions-UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nisimura LM, Coelho LL, de Melo TG, Vieira PDC, Victorino PH, Garzoni LR, Spray DC, Iacobas DA, Iacobas S, Tanowitz HB, Adesse D. Trypanosoma cruzi Promotes Transcriptomic Remodeling of the JAK/STAT Signaling and Cell Cycle Pathways in Myoblasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:255. [PMID: 32626662 PMCID: PMC7313395 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is responsible for more than 10,000 deaths per year and about 6 to 7 million infected people worldwide. In its chronic stage, patients can develop mega-colon, mega-esophagus, and cardiomyopathy. Differences in clinical outcomes may be determined, in part, by the genetic background of the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Trypanosoma cruzi has a high genetic diversity, and each group of strains may elicit specific pathological responses in the host. Conflicting results have been reported in studies using various combinations of mammalian host-T. cruzi strains. We previously profiled the transcriptomic signatures resulting from infection of L6E9 rat myoblasts with four reference strains of T. cruzi (Brazil, CL, Y, and Tulahuen). The four strains induced similar overall gene expression alterations in the myoblasts, although only 21 genes were equally affected by all strains. Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (Clcf1) was one of the genes found to be consistently upregulated by the infection with all four strains of T. cruzi. This cytokine is a member of the interleukin-6 family that binds to glycoprotein 130 receptor and activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which may lead to muscle cell hypertrophy. Another commonly upregulated gene was tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta (Ywhaq, 14-3-3 protein Θ), present in the Cell Cycle Pathway. In the present work, we reanalyzed our previous microarray dataset, aiming at understanding in more details the transcriptomic impact that each strain has on JAK/STAT signaling and Cell Cycle pathways. Using Pearson correlation analysis between the expression levels of gene pairs in biological replicas from each pathway, we determined the coordination between such pairs in each experimental condition and the predicted protein interactions between the significantly altered genes by each strain. We found that although these highlighted genes were similarly affected by all four strains, the downstream genes or their interaction partners were not necessarily equally affected, thus reinforcing the idea of the role of parasite background on host cell transcriptome. These new analyses provide further evidence to the mechanistic understanding of how distinct T. cruzi strains lead to diverse remodeling of host cell transcriptome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindice M. Nisimura
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Laura L. Coelho
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana G. de Melo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma de Carvalho Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Victorino
- Laboratório de Neurogênese, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. Garzoni
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David C. Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dumitru A. Iacobas
- Personalized Genomics Laboratory, Center for Computational Systems Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iacobas DA, Iacobas S, Tanowitz HB, Campos de Carvalho A, Spray DC. Functional genomic fabrics are remodeled in a mouse model of Chagasic cardiomyopathy and restored following cell therapy. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:185-195. [PMID: 29158000 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that, in a mouse model of Chagas cardiomyopathy, 18% of the 9390 quantified unigenes were significantly regulated by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. However, treatment with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) resulted in 84% transcriptomic recovery. We have applied new algorithms to reanalyze these datasets with respect to specific pathways [Chagas disease (CHAGAS), cardiac muscle contraction (CMC) and chemokine signaling (CCS)]. In addition to the levels of expression of individual genes we also calculated gene expression variability and coordination of expression of each gene with all others. These additional measures revealed changes in the control of transcript abundances and gene networking in CHAGAS and restoration following MNC treatment, not accessible using the conventional approach limited to the average expression levels. Moreover, our weighted pathway regulation analysis incorporated the contributions of all affected genes, eliminating the arbitrary cut-off criteria of fold-change and/or p-value for significantly regulated genes. The new analyses revealed that T. cruzi infection had large transcriptomic consequences for the CMC pathway and triggered a huge cytokine signaling. Remarkably, MNC therapy not only restored normal expression levels of numerous genes, but it also recovered most of the CHAGAS, CMC and CCS fabrics that were altered by the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru A Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, 15 Dana Rd, Valhalla, NY, USA; Center for Computational Systems Biology at Prairie View A&M University, TX 77446, USA.
| | - Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, 15 Dana Rd, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Herbert B Tanowitz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Antonio Campos de Carvalho
- Center for Computational Systems Biology at Prairie View A&M University, TX 77446, USA; Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David C Spray
- Center for Computational Systems Biology at Prairie View A&M University, TX 77446, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iacobas DA. The Genomic Fabric Perspective on the Transcriptome Between Universal Quantifiers and Personalized Genomic Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13752-016-0245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
11
|
Li Y, Shah-Simpson S, Okrah K, Belew AT, Choi J, Caradonna KL, Padmanabhan P, Ndegwa DM, Temanni MR, Corrada Bravo H, El-Sayed NM, Burleigh BA. Transcriptome Remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi and Human Cells during Intracellular Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005511. [PMID: 27046031 PMCID: PMC4821583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular colonization and persistent infection by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, underlie the pathogenesis of human Chagas disease. To obtain global insights into the T. cruzi infective process, transcriptome dynamics were simultaneously captured in the parasite and host cells in an infection time course of human fibroblasts. Extensive remodeling of the T. cruzi transcriptome was observed during the early establishment of intracellular infection, coincident with a major developmental transition in the parasite. Contrasting this early response, few additional changes in steady state mRNA levels were detected once mature T. cruzi amastigotes were formed. Our findings suggest that transcriptome remodeling is required to establish a modified template to guide developmental transitions in the parasite, whereas homeostatic functions are regulated independently of transcriptomic changes, similar to that reported in related trypanosomatids. Despite complex mechanisms for regulation of phenotypic expression in T. cruzi, transcriptomic signatures derived from distinct developmental stages mirror known or projected characteristics of T. cruzi biology. Focusing on energy metabolism, we were able to validate predictions forecast in the mRNA expression profiles. We demonstrate measurable differences in the bioenergetic properties of the different mammalian-infective stages of T. cruzi and present additional findings that underscore the importance of mitochondrial electron transport in T. cruzi amastigote growth and survival. Consequences of T. cruzi colonization for the host include dynamic expression of immune response genes and cell cycle regulators with upregulation of host cholesterol and lipid synthesis pathways, which may serve to fuel intracellular T. cruzi growth. Thus, in addition to the biological inferences gained from gene ontology and functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in parasite and host, our comprehensive, high resolution transcriptomic dataset provides a substantially more detailed interpretation of T. cruzi infection biology and offers a basis for future drug and vaccine discovery efforts. In-depth knowledge of the functional processes governing host colonization and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms is essential for the advancement of effective intervention strategies. This study focuses on Trypanosoma cruzi, the vector-borne protozoan parasite responsible for human Chagas disease and the leading cause of infectious myocarditis worldwide. To gain global insights into the biology of this parasite and its interaction with mammalian host cells, we have exploited a deep-sequencing approach to generate comprehensive, high-resolution transcriptomic maps for mammalian-infective stages of T. cruzi with the simultaneous interrogation of the human host cell transcriptome across an infection time course. We demonstrate that the establishment of intracellular T. cruzi infection in mammalian host cells is accompanied by extensive remodeling of the parasite and host cell transcriptomes. Despite the lack of transcriptional control mechanisms in trypanosomatids, our analyses identified functionally-enriched processes within sets of developmentally-regulated transcripts in T. cruzi that align with known or predicted biological features of the parasite. The novel insights into the biology of intracellular T. cruzi infection and the regulation of amastigote development gained in this study establish a unique foundation for functional network analyses that will be instrumental in providing functional links between parasite dependencies and host functional pathways that have the potential to be exploited for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheena Shah-Simpson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kwame Okrah
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - A Trey Belew
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kacey L Caradonna
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Prasad Padmanabhan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David M Ndegwa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M Ramzi Temanni
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Héctor Corrada Bravo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Najib M El-Sayed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara A Burleigh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nosanchuk JD, Nosanchuk MD, Rodrigues ML, Nimrichter L, de Carvalho ACC, Weiss LM, Spray DC, Tanowitz HB. The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:945-55. [PMID: 26691452 PMCID: PMC4704644 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Send correspondence to J.D. Nosanchuk. Departments of Medicine,
Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA.
E-mail:
| | - Murphy D. Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Louis M. Weiss
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - David C. Spray
- Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, NY, EUA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hashimoto M, Morales J, Uemura H, Mikoshiba K, Nara T. A Novel Method for Inducing Amastigote-To-Trypomastigote Transformation In Vitro in Trypanosoma cruzi Reveals the Importance of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135726. [PMID: 26267656 PMCID: PMC4534300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasitic protist that causes Chagas disease, which is prevalent in Latin America. Because of the unavailability of an effective drug or vaccine, and because about 8 million people are infected with the parasite worldwide, the development of novel drugs demands urgent attention. T. cruzi infects a wide variety of mammalian nucleated cells, with a preference for myocardial cells. Non-dividing trypomastigotes in the bloodstream infect host cells where they are transformed into replication-capable amastigotes. The amastigotes revert to trypomastigotes (trypomastigogenesis) before being shed out of the host cells. Although trypomastigote transformation is an essential process for the parasite, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been clarified, mainly because of the lack of an assay system to induce trypomastigogenesis in vitro. Methodology/Principal Findings Cultivation of amastigotes in a transformation medium composed of 80% RPMI-1640 and 20% Grace’s Insect Medium mediated their transformation into trypomastigotes. Grace’s Insect Medium alone also induced trypomastigogenesis. Furthermore, trypomastigogenesis was induced more efficiently in the presence of fetal bovine serum. Trypomastigotes derived from in vitro trypomastigogenesis were able to infect mammalian host cells as efficiently as tissue-culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT) and expressed a marker protein for TCT. Using this assay system, we demonstrated that T. cruzi inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (TcIP3R)—an intracellular Ca2+ channel and a key molecule involved in Ca2+ signaling in the parasite—is important for the transformation process. Conclusion/Significance Our findings provide a new tool to identify the molecular mechanisms of the amastigote-to-trypomastigote transformation, leading to a new strategy for drug development against Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8421, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Morales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8421, Japan
| | - Haruki Uemura
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8523, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351–0198, Japan
- Calcium Oscillation Project, International Cooperative Research Project and Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Magalhães LMD, Viana A, Chiari E, Galvão LMC, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO. Differential Activation of Human Monocytes and Lymphocytes by Distinct Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003816. [PMID: 26147698 PMCID: PMC4492932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi strains are currently classified into six discrete typing units (DTUs) named TcI to VI. It is known that these DTUs have different geographical distribution, as well as biological features. TcI and TcII are major DTUs found in patients from northern and southern Latin America, respectively. Our hypothesis is that upon infection of human peripheral blood cells, Y strain (Tc II) and Col cl1.7 (Tc I), cause distinct immunological changes, which might influence the clinical course of Chagas disease. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the infectivity of CFSE-stained trypomastigotes of Col cl1.7 and Y strain in human monocytes for 15 and 72 hours, and determined the immunological profile of lymphocytes and monocytes exposed to the different isolates using multiparameter flow cytometry. Our results showed a similar percentage and intensity of monocyte infection by Y and Col cl1.7. We also observed an increased expression of CD80 and CD86 by monocytes infected with Col cl1.7, but not Y strain. IL-10 was significantly higher in monocytes infected with Col cl1.7, as compared to Y strain. Moreover, infection with Col cl1.7, but not Y strain, led to an increased expression of IL-17 by CD8+ T cells. On the other hand, we observed a positive correlation between the expression of TNF-alpha and granzyme A only after infection with Y strain. Conclusion/Significance Our study shows that while Col cl1.7 induces higher monocyte activation and, at the same time, production of IL-10, infection with Y strain leads to a lower monocyte activation but higher inflammatory profile. These results show that TcI and TcII have a distinct immunological impact on human cells during early infection, which might influence disease progression. Chagas disease remains a major public health problem in Latin America with over 13 million people infected. It is believed that the host immune response and genetic diversity of the parasite play an important role in the progression of Chagas disease, which presents a variety of clinical forms ranging from indeterminate to cardiac and digestive forms. Since parasite genetic diversity may influence the development of Chagas disease, our study aims to understand the immune response of human peripheral blood cells upon infection with two T. cruzi strains with different genetic backgrounds (Col cl1.7 – Tc I, and Y strain – TcII). Our study showed differences in the expression of cytokines and activation molecules between cells infected with strains from Tc I (Col cl1.7) and Tc II (Y strain). These data show the importance of parasite strain in the development of the host response early in infection, which may influence the clinical progression of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa M. D. Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Viana
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Egler Chiari
- Laboratório de Biologia do Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lúcia M. C. Galvão
- Laboratório de Biologia do Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Biomedicina, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mello DB, Ramos IP, Mesquita FCP, Brasil GV, Rocha NN, Takiya CM, Lima APCA, Campos de Carvalho AC, Goldenberg RS, Carvalho AB. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protect Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi from Cardiac Damage through Modulation of Anti-parasite Immunity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003945. [PMID: 26248209 PMCID: PMC4527728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is a complex disease endemic in Central and South America. It has been gathering interest due to increases in non-vectorial forms of transmission, especially in developed countries. The objective of this work was to investigate if adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) can alter the course of the disease and attenuate pathology in a mouse model of chagasic cardiomyopathy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ASC were injected intraperitoneally at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Tracking by bioluminescence showed that cells remained in the abdominal cavity for up to 9 days after injection and most of them migrated to the abdominal or subcutaneous fat, an early parasite reservoir. ASC injection resulted in a significant reduction in blood parasitemia, which was followed by a decrease in cardiac tissue inflammation, parasitism and fibrosis at 30 dpi. At the same time point, analyses of cytokine release in cells isolated from the heart and exposed to T. cruzi antigens indicated an anti-inflammatory response in ASC-treated animals. In parallel, splenocytes exposed to the same antigens produced a pro-inflammatory response, which is important for the control of parasite replication, in placebo and ASC-treated groups. However, splenocytes from the ASC group released higher levels of IL-10. At 60 dpi, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that right ventricular (RV) dilation was prevented in ASC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the injection of ASC early after T. cruzi infection prevents RV remodeling through the modulation of immune responses. Lymphoid organ response to the parasite promoted the control of parasite burden, while the heart, a target organ of Chagas disease, was protected from damage due to an improved control of inflammation in ASC-treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora B. Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira P. Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. P. Mesquita
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V. Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N. Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M. Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C. A. Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Campos de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina S. Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Friedman LK, Mancuso J, Patel A, Kudur V, Leheste JR, Iacobas S, Botta J, Iacobas DA, Spray DC. Transcriptome profiling of hippocampal CA1 after early-life seizure-induced preconditioning may elucidate new genetic therapies for epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2139-52. [PMID: 23551718 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injury of the CA1 subregion induced by a single injection of kainic acid (1 × KA) in juvenile animals (P20) is attenuated in animals with two prior sustained neonatal seizures on P6 and P9. To identify gene candidates involved in the spatially protective effects produced by early-life conditioning seizures we profiled and compared the transcriptomes of CA1 subregions from control, 1 × KA- and 3 × KA-treated animals. More genes were regulated following 3 × KA (9.6%) than after 1 × KA (7.1%). Following 1 × KA, genes supporting oxidative stress, growth, development, inflammation and neurotransmission were upregulated (e.g. Cacng1, Nadsyn1, Kcng1, Aven, S100a4, GFAP, Vim, Hrsp12 and Grik1). After 3 × KA, protective genes were differentially over-expressed [e.g. Cat, Gpx7, Gad1, Hspa12A, Foxn1, adenosine A1 receptor, Ca(2+) adaptor and homeostasis proteins, Cacnb4, Atp2b2, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene members, intracellular trafficking protein, Grasp and suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs3)]. Distinct anti-inflammatory interleukins (ILs) not observed in adult tissues [e.g. IL-6 transducer, IL-23 and IL-33 or their receptors (IL-F2 )] were also over-expressed. Several transcripts were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and immunohistochemistry. QPCR showed that casp 6 was increased after 1 × KA but reduced after 3 × KA; the pro-inflammatory gene Cox1 was either upregulated or unchanged after 1 × KA but reduced by ~70% after 3 × KA. Enhanced GFAP immunostaining following 1 × KA was selectively attenuated in the CA1 subregion after 3 × KA. The observed differential transcriptional responses may contribute to early-life seizure-induced pre-conditioning and neuroprotection by reducing glutamate receptor-mediated Ca(2+) permeability of the hippocampus and redirecting inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. These changes could lead to new genetic therapies for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Friedman
- Basic Sciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, 50 Dana Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
dos Santos SL, Freitas LM, Lobo FP, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, Mendes TADO, Oliveira ACS, Andrade LO, Chiari É, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira SMR, Fujiwara RT, Bartholomeu DC. The MASP family of Trypanosoma cruzi: changes in gene expression and antigenic profile during the acute phase of experimental infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1779. [PMID: 22905275 PMCID: PMC3419193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a debilitating illness that affects millions of people in the Americas. A major finding of the T. cruzi genome project was the discovery of a novel multigene family composed of approximately 1,300 genes that encode mucin-associated surface proteins (MASPs). The high level of polymorphism of the MASP family associated with its localization at the surface of infective forms of the parasite suggests that MASP participates in host-parasite interactions. We speculate that the large repertoire of MASP sequences may contribute to the ability of T. cruzi to infect several host cell types and/or participate in host immune evasion mechanisms. METHODS By sequencing seven cDNA libraries, we analyzed the MASP expression profile in trypomastigotes derived from distinct host cells and after sequential passages in acutely infected mice. Additionally, to investigate the MASP antigenic profile, we performed B-cell epitope prediction on MASP proteins and designed a MASP-specific peptide array with 110 putative epitopes, which was screened with sera from acutely infected mice. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We observed differential expression of a few MASP genes between trypomastigotes derived from epithelial and myoblast cell lines. The more pronounced MASP expression changes were observed between bloodstream and tissue-culture trypomastigotes and between bloodstream forms from sequential passages in acutely infected mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that different MASP members were expressed during the acute T. cruzi infection and constitute parasite antigens that are recognized by IgG and IgM antibodies. We also found that distinct MASP peptides could trigger different antibody responses and that the antibody level against a given peptide may vary after sequential passages in mice. We speculate that changes in the large repertoire of MASP antigenic peptides during an infection may contribute to the evasion of host immune responses during the acute phase of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes dos Santos
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Égler Chiari
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adesse D, Goldenberg RC, Fortes FS, Jasmin, Iacobas DA, Iacobas S, Campos de Carvalho AC, de Narareth Meirelles M, Huang H, Soares MB, Tanowitz HB, Garzoni LR, Spray DC. Gap junctions and chagas disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 76:63-81. [PMID: 21884887 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385895-5.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gap junction channels provide intercellular communication between cells. In the heart, these channels coordinate impulse propagation along the conduction system and through the contractile musculature, thereby providing synchronous and optimal cardiac output. As in other arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases, chagasic cardiomyopathy is associated with decreased expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) and its gene. Our studies of cardiac myocytes infected with Trypanosoma cruzi have revealed that synchronous contraction is greatly impaired and gap junction immunoreactivity is lost in infected cells. Such changes are not seen for molecules forming tight junctions, another component of the intercalated disc in cardiac myocytes. Transcriptomic studies of hearts from mouse models of Chagas disease and from acutely infected cardiac myocytes in vitro indicate profound remodelling of gene expression patterns involving heart rhythm determinant genes, suggesting underlying mechanisms of the functional pathology. One curious feature of the altered expression of Cx43 and its gene expression is that it is limited in both extent and location, suggesting that the more global deterioration in cardiac function may result in part from spread of damage signals from more seriously compromised cells to healthier ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adesse
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chuenkova MV, Pereiraperrin M. Neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration in Chagas disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 76:195-233. [PMID: 21884893 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385895-5.00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction plays a significant role in the development of chronic Chagas disease (CD). Destruction of cardiac parasympathetic ganglia can underlie arrhythmia and heart failure, while lesions of enteric neurons in the intestinal plexuses are a direct cause of aperistalsis and megasyndromes. Neuropathology is generated by acute infection when the parasite, though not directly damaging to neuronal cells, elicits immune reactions that can become cytotoxic, inducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Anti-neuronal autoimmunity may further contribute to neuropathology. Much less clear is the mechanism of subsequent neuronal regeneration in patients that survive acute infection. Morphological and functional recovery of the peripheral neurons in these patients correlates with the absence of CD clinical symptoms, while persistent neuronal deficiency is observed for the symptomatic group. The discovery that Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase can moonlight as a parasite-derived neurotrophic factor (PDNF) suggests that the parasite might influence the balance between neuronal degeneration and regeneration. PDNF functionally mimics mammalian neurotrophic factors in that it binds and activates neurotrophin Trk tyrosine kinase receptors, a mechanism which prevents neurodegeneration. PDNF binding to Trk receptors triggers PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and MAPK/Erk/CREB signalling cascades which in neurons translates into resistance to oxidative and nutritional stress, and inhibition of apoptosis, whereas in the cytoplasm of infected cells, PDNF represents a substrate-activator of the host Akt kinase, enhancing host-cell survival until completion of the intracellular cycle of the parasite. Such dual activity of PDNF provides sustained activation of survival mechanisms which, while prolonging parasite persistence in host tissues, can underlie distinct outcomes of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Chuenkova
- Department of Pathology and Sackler School of Graduate Students, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB. Advances in imaging of animal models of Chagas disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 75:193-208. [PMID: 21820557 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385863-4.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since serial studies of patients are limited, researchers interested in Chagas disease have relied on animal models of Trypanosoma cruzi infection to explore many aspects of this important human disease. These studies have been important for evaluation of the immunology, pathology, physiology and other aspects of pathogenesis. While larger animals have been employed, mice have remained the most favoured animal model, as they recapitulate many aspects of the human disease, are easy to manipulate genetically and are amenable to study by small animal imaging technologies. Further, developments in non-invasive imaging technologies have permitted the study of the same animal over an extended period of time by multiple imaging modalities, thus permitting the study of the transition from acute infection through the chronic stage and during therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tanowitz HB, Mukhopadhyay A, Ashton AW, Lisanti MP, Machado FS, Weiss LM, Mukherjee S. Microarray analysis of the mammalian thromboxane receptor-Trypanosoma cruzi interaction. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:1132-43. [PMID: 21364319 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.7.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, causes vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy in humans and is associated with elevated levels of several vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2). Parasite derived TXA 2 modulates vasculopathy and other pathophysiological features of Chagasic cardiomyopathy. Previously, we demonstrated that in response to infection with T. cruzi, TXA 2 receptor (TP) null mice displayed increased parasitemia; mortality and cardiac pathology compared with wild type (WT) and TXA 2 synthase null mice. In order to further study the role of TXA 2-TP signaling in the development of Chagas disease, GeneChip microarrays were used to detect transcriptome changes in rat fat pad endothelial cells (RFP-ECs) which is incapable of TXA 2 signaling (TP null) to that of control (wild type) and RFP-EC with reconstituted TP expression. Genes that were significantly regulated due to infection were identified using a time course of 2, 18 and 48 hrs post infection. We identified several key genes such as suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-5), several cytokines (CSF-1, CXCF ligands), and MAP kinases (MAPK-1, Janus kinase) that were upregulated in the absence of TP signaling. These data underscore the importance of the interaction of the parasite with mammalian TP and may explain the increased mortality and cardiovascular pathology observed in infected TP null mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|