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Workie Limenh L, Emagn Kasahun A, Ayalew Tessema T, Kerie Anagaw Y, Simegn W, Ayenew W. Assessment of traditional healers' knowledge and utilization of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies in the Amhara region, North West Ethiopia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:261-268. [PMID: 38389287 PMCID: PMC10896146 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2318795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies play a vital role in the quality of traditional medicines, they have not received much attention from stakeholders and researchers nationally and internationally. OBJECTIVE This study assesses traditional healers' knowledge and utilization of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies in the Amhara region, North West Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 traditional healers. The data were collected using an interview-based questionnaire. The collected data were checked and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 for analysis. The results were presented as percentages. The association between socio-demographic characteristics and traditional healers' knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies was examined using Pearson's Chi-squares test. RESULTS About 90% of traditional healers had information about pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, and currently 80% of them used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies individually and in combination with traditional equipment. Although most traditional healers used different pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies, only 13.3% of them used equipment and supplies a day. Only 15% of traditional healers continuously cleaned their equipment. None of the socio-demographic variables were significantly associated to the knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical equipment and medical supplies used by traditional healers was inconsistent, mainly associated with their habit of using self-prepared and home-available equipment. Moreover, the checkup status of compounding equipment was poor. As Traditional healers provide high-patient care services, emphasis should be given to improving their preparation and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liknaw Workie Limenh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Ayalew Tessema
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yeniewa Kerie Anagaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondim Ayenew
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Flores-Soto E, Romero-Martínez BS, Solís-Chagoyán H, Estrella-Parra EA, Avila-Acevedo JG, Gomez-Verjan JC, Reyes-García J, Casas-Hernández MF, Sommer B, Montaño LM. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Its Active Compound Quercetin as Ca 2+ Inhibitors in the Contraction of Airway Smooth Muscle. Molecules 2024; 29:2284. [PMID: 38792145 PMCID: PMC11123793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cupressaceae family includes species considered to be medicinal. Their essential oil is used for headaches, colds, cough, and bronchitis. Cedar trees like Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (C. lawsoniana) are commonly found in urban areas. We investigated whether C. lawsoniana exerts some of its effects by modifying airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility. The leaves of C. lawsoniana (363 g) were pulverized mechanically, and extracts were obtained by successive maceration 1:10 (w:w) with methanol/CHCl3. Guinea pig tracheal rings were contracted with KCl, tetraethylammonium (TEA), histamine (HIS), or carbachol (Cch) in organ baths. In the Cch experiments, tissues were pre-incubated with D-600, an antagonist of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC) before the addition of C. lawsoniana. Interestingly, at different concentrations, C. lawsoniana diminished the tracheal contractions induced by KCl, TEA, HIS, and Cch. In ASM cells, C. lawsoniana significantly diminished L-type Ca2+ currents. ASM cells stimulated with Cch produced a transient Ca2+ peak followed by a sustained plateau maintained by L-VDCC and store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCC). C. lawsoniana almost abolished this last response. These results show that C. lawsoniana, and its active metabolite quercetin, relax the ASM by inhibiting the L-VDCC and SOCC; further studies must be performed to obtain the complete set of metabolites of the extract and study at length their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Bianca S. Romero-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P., Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Edgar A. Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biología Tecnología y Prototipos, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P., Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (J.G.A.-A.)
| | - Jose G. Avila-Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Unidad de Biología Tecnología y Prototipos, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P., Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (E.A.E.-P.); (J.G.A.-A.)
| | - Juan C. Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Anillo Periférico. 2767, San Jerónimo Lídice, La Magdalena, C.P., Mexico City 10200, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - María F. Casas-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Alcaldía de Tlalpan, C.P., Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad No. 3000, Alcaldía de Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.F.-S.); (B.S.R.-M.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
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Usure RE, Kebebe D, Mekasha YT, Hasen G, Chura Waritu N, Dubale S, Suleman S. Traditional herbal medicine regulatory implementation in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392330. [PMID: 38681196 PMCID: PMC11045940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 80% of the Ethiopian population predominantly depends on herbal medicines (HMs) for their primary healthcare needs. Nevertheless, worries regarding the safety, efficacy, and standard of herbal-based treatments have been escalating due to the lack of strong regulatory frameworks. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the presence of regulatory frameworks for traditional herbal medicines and their enforcement in Ethiopia. Methods: The qualitative-phenomenological study design was conducted from November 2021 to March 2022 G.C. The study included 25 regulatory official key informants (KIs) who work for national and regional medicine regulatory agencies, and 15 traditional herbal medicine (THM) practitioners who work at the regional level were purposefully selected for an in-depth interview (IDI). An in-depth interview guide was developed through the purposive sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. Results: The study found that the current national medicine proclamation is deemed inadequate in the regulation of THM. Both conventional and traditional herbal medicines are regulated by a single agency. Weak legal enforcement, a lack of government commitment and support, resource constraints, and inadequate regulatory tools are the main challenges faced in THM regulation. Conclusion: Overall, the study found inadequate legal frameworks and weak THM regulatory implementations in Ethiopia. Consequently, it is critical for all regulatory authorities in Ethiopia to exert their utmost efforts to effectively regulate THM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Edris Usure
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yesuneh Tefera Mekasha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gemmechu Hasen
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ) and School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Nuredin Chura Waritu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sultan Suleman
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ) and School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Worku EM, Fekadu SA, Alemie BW, Lorato MM. Prevalence and associated factors of corneal opacity among adults in Kolladiba town, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001665. [PMID: 38604783 PMCID: PMC11015280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of corneal opacity among adults in Kolladiba town, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique. A total of 846 adult individuals were recruited for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Gondar School of Medicine Ethical Review Committee. A standardised, semistructured questionnaire plus an ocular examination were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi Info V.7 and cleaned and analysed using SPSS V.26. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to select candidate variables and identify statistically significant factors. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of corneal opacity among the study participants was 27.2% (95% CI 24.4% to 30.4%). In this study, age 49-60 years (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.90; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.32), age ≥61 years (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.87), inability to read and write (AOR=2.65; 95% CI 1.68 to 4.16), middle-income level (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.47) and poor income level (AOR=4.96; 95% CI 3.04 to 8.09) were factors that were significantly associated with corneal opacity.In this study, the prevalence of corneal opacity was considerably high. Being poor and unable to read and write were the primary factors significantly associated with corneal opacity. Hence, concerned stakeholders should strive to reverse the effects of corneal opacity on the quality of life of the study and causal studies should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalew Mulugeta Worku
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sofonias Addis Fekadu
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bersufekad Wubie Alemie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Merkineh Markos Lorato
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M. Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment on the Metabolic Profile of Medicinal Plants and Their Therapeutic Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:913. [PMID: 38592933 PMCID: PMC10976221 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive examination of heavy metal stress on medicinal plants, focusing on its impact on antioxidant capacity and biosynthetic pathways critical to their therapeutic potential. It explores the complex relationship between heavy metals and the physiological and biochemical responses of medicinal plants, highlighting how metal stress disrupts biosynthetic pathways, altering concentrations of secondary metabolites. This disruption may compromise the overall quality and efficacy of medicinal plants, requiring a holistic understanding of its cumulative impacts. Furthermore, the study discusses the potential of targeted genetic editing to enhance plant resilience against heavy metal stress by manipulating genes associated with antioxidant defenses. This approach represents a promising frontier in safeguarding medicinal plants in metal-contaminated environments. Additionally, the research investigates the role of phytohormone signaling in plant adaptive mechanisms to heavy metal stress, revealing its influence on biochemical and physiological responses, thereby adding complexity to plant adaptation. The study underscores the importance of innovative technologies and global cooperation in protecting medicinal plants' therapeutic potential and highlights the need for mitigation strategies to address heavy metal contamination effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Mihaela Asiminicesei
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Ionela Fertu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800002 Galati, Romania
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Mares C, Udrea AM, Buiu C, Staicu A, Avram S. Therapeutic Potentials of Aconite-like Alkaloids: Bioinformatics and Experimental Approaches. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:159-175. [PMID: 36994982 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230328153417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Compounds from plants that are used in traditional medicine may have medicinal properties. It is well known that plants belonging to the genus Aconitum are highly poisonous. Utilizing substances derived from Aconitum sp. has been linked to negative effects. In addition to their toxicity, the natural substances derived from Aconitum species may have a range of biological effects on humans, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer characteristics. Multiple in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of their therapeutic effects. In this review, the clinical effects of natural compounds extracted from Aconitum sp., focusing on aconitelike alkaloids, are investigated particularly by bioinformatics tools, such as the quantitative structure- activity relationship method, molecular docking, and predicted pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The experimental and bioinformatics aspects of aconitine's pharmacogenomic profile are discussed. Our review could help shed light on the molecular mechanisms of Aconitum sp. compounds. The effects of several aconite-like alkaloids, such as aconitine, methyllycacintine, or hypaconitine, on specific molecular targets, including voltage-gated sodium channels, CAMK2A and CAMK2G during anesthesia, or BCL2, BCL-XP, and PARP-1 receptors during cancer therapy, are evaluated. According to the reviewed literature, aconite and aconite derivatives have a high affinity for the PARP-1 receptor. The toxicity estimations for aconitine indicate hepatotoxicity and hERG II inhibitor activity; however, this compound is not predicted to be AMES toxic or an hERG I inhibitor. The efficacy of aconitine and its derivatives in treating many illnesses has been proven experimentally. Toxicity occurs as a result of the high ingested dose; however, the usage of this drug in future research is based on the small quantity of an active compound that fulfills a therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Mares
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Udrea
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, 077125, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 50567, Romania
| | - Catalin Buiu
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 060042, Romania
| | - Angela Staicu
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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Calva J, Silva M, Morocho V. Composition and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Properties of the Essential Oil of the Ecuadorian Endemic Species Eugenia valvata McVaugh. Molecules 2023; 28:8112. [PMID: 38138598 PMCID: PMC10746026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a global health problem due to the scarcity of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, the basis for symptomatic treatment of this disease; this requires new approaches to drug discovery. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of Eugenia valvata McVaugt (Myrtaceae) collected in southern Ecuador, which was obtained as an essential oil (EO) with a yield of 0.124 ± 0.03% (w/w); as a result of the chemical composition analysis, a total of 58 organic compounds were identified-representing 95.91% of the total volatile compounds-using a stationary phase based on 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane, as analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The main groups were hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (37.43%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.08%), hydrocarbon monoterpenes (24.14%), oxygenated monoterpenes (0.20%), and other compounds (3.058%). Samples were characterized by the following compounds: α-pinene (22.70%), α-humulene (17.20%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.02%), citronellyl pentanoate (5.76%), 7-epi-α-eudesmol (4.34%) and 5-iso-cedranol (3.64%); this research was complemented with an enantioselective analysis carried out using 2,3-diethyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin as a stationary phase chiral selector. As a result, α-pinene, limonene, and α-cadinene enantiomers were identified; finally, in the search for new active principles, the EO reported strong anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 53.08 ± 1.13 µg/mL, making it a promising candidate for future studies of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Calva
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja 1101608, Ecuador; (M.S.); (V.M.)
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Edrees KM, Alqahtani AI, Alkhatieb MT. Use of Traditional Remedies for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Center in Saudi Arabia. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2023:15347346231211372. [PMID: 37933166 DOI: 10.1177/15347346231211372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are prone to major complications including amputations. Traditional remedies (TR) have been used to treat DFU around the world. This study aims to identify the prevalence of TR among patients with DFU in our local cohort and its effect on DFU. 1408 patients were included in the analysis. Data were collected retrospectively from patients' medical records. DFU characteristics include grading ulcers using the Wagner scale (WG) and infections (cellulitis and osteomyelitis). Ulcer management (UM) includes medical treatment, self-medical treatment, traditional treatment, and medical-traditional treatment. The mean age of the cohort was 60 years (SD = 12.4). The mean duration of diabetes was 18.6 years (SD = 9.3) and the mean duration of open wounds was 206.9 days (SD = 545.6). The majority were males (71%) and had type 2 diabetes (96%, SD = .204). Forty-three percent of patients were treated with TR (29% were self-prescribed and 14% prescribed by a physician) while 48% had medical treatment and 10% were self-treated using medical treatment. More than two-thirds of the cohort had cellulitis and/or osteomyelitis at the time of presentation. The use of traditional treatment was significantly associated with higher WG (WG 4 OR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.338-2.800; WG 5 OR = 2.937, 95% CI:1.614-5.346; P < 0.05). Moreover, osteomyelitis was associated with medical-traditional treatment (OR = 1.608, 95% CI: 1.006-2.572; P < 0.05) and increased wound depth (WG 3 OR = 1.969, 95% CI: 1.193-3.250; WG 4 OR = 1.874, 95% CI: 1.115-3.15; P < 0.05). There is high use of TR for the treatment of DFU in our cohort. High Wagner-grade of foot ulcers and the presence of osteomyelitis were highly associated with DFU. This study showed for the first time the use of traditional potions by medical physicians. Both physicians and patients need to be made aware of the detrimental effects of using traditional methods on DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Edrees
- Research Department, Dr Khalid Edrees Medical Center, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood I Alqahtani
- Research Department, Dr Khalid Edrees Medical Center, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram T Alkhatieb
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Arumugam S, Lyu A, Goh BH, Panich U. Editorial: Global excellence in ethnopharmacology: Asia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1298718. [PMID: 37936905 PMCID: PMC10627197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1298718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alqahtani YA, Shati AA, Alalyani RT, Alolah TA, Alshahrani MA, Asiri GB, Alneami AM, Asiri FM, Abumilha SK, Alshahrani AS. Awareness and Attitude of Parents and Caregivers Regarding Harmful Traditional Medical Practices Towards Children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4515-4524. [PMID: 37814640 PMCID: PMC10560473 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s426943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine has potential benefits, but distinguishing safe from risky procedures is crucial for safeguarding children's health. Harmful practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, deeply rooted in cultural heritage, require scrutiny of parental attitudes and awareness. Aim The study aims to investigate and analyze the awareness, attitudes, and associated factors contributing to Harmful Traditional Medical Practices towards children in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology This study employed a cross-sectional design, using an online survey to collect data via a structured questionnaire developed from an extensive literature review on harmful traditional child medical practices in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Results The study found that most respondents were aged 41-49 years (42.4%), lived in cities (77%), had at least an undergraduate degree (50.1%), and favored traditional medicine (55.9%). Common traditional medicine choices included "Herbs" (28.4%) and "Belly massage" (27.6%). Age significantly affected treatment preferences, while "Place of Resident" and "Education Level" hinted at potential differences. Personal experiences (37.2%) and family networks (31.4%) were key sources of information. Logistic regression analysis uncovered intricate links between sociodemographic and traditional medicine practices. Respondents' views on "Awareness", "Effectiveness", and "Complications" demonstrated notable statistical significance, influencing parents' and caregivers' perspectives in the study. Conclusion The study's outcomes underscore the imperative for heightened awareness and education concerning the potential hazards and complications tied to harmful traditional medical practices among parents and caregivers in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia, particularly with regard to their children's well-being. The evident inclination towards traditional medicine, reliance on personal experiences and familial networks for healthcare insights, and reservations regarding contemporary medical approaches underline the significance of addressing cultural beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem T Alalyani
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A Alolah
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghufran B Asiri
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alneami
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fairouz M Asiri
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd K Abumilha
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer S Alshahrani
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Badanta B, García MA, Jiménez ÁE, Lucchetti G, de Diego-Cordero R. The use of complementary and traditional medicine for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:646-662. [PMID: 36828766 PMCID: PMC9941070 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies as part of the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, either combined or not with the usual treatment. METHODS A systematic review was conducted between August and October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From a total of 204 articles identified, 33 were included in the final sample (15 clinical trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies). The methodological evaluation was carried out using STROBE and CONSORT guidelines. RESULTS There is a growing literature on the use of CAM for COVID-19. Most studies have shown positive findings, particularly for the use of TCM, other herbal therapies and acupuncture. Nevertheless, most studies were carried out in Asia and relied on quasi-experimental designs. The current evidence is available for physical outcomes (mortality rate, pneumonia resolution and other symptoms, negative PCR test, and hospitalization and ICU admissions) and for mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite a positive role of CAM on COVID-19 outcomes, the evidence is still mostly based on quasi-experimental studies. More robust clinical trials are needed in order to generate better evidence in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Badanta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso García
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Rocío de Diego-Cordero
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain.
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12
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Suh Nchang A, Njong S, Noukimi SF, Shinyuy LM, Bambara S, Kalimba EM, Kamga J, Souopgui J, Ghogomu SM, Frederich M, Talom JLL, Robert A. A cross-sectional survey on the use of herbal tea among Cameroonian adults (18-65 years). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:285. [PMID: 37568232 PMCID: PMC10422798 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In respect of the WHO's commendation to incorporate traditional medicine (TM) in health care, the Cameroon government wants to promote the use of the traditional medicine and is resolute on encouraging the treatment of patients with alternative medicine from traditional sources. This study explores the use of herbal tea by Cameroonian adults to prevent or treat diseases and the socio-demographic determinants of tea use among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 307 Cameroonian adults (18-65 years) randomly selected within 4 hospitals and 4 communities in the Centre and Southwest regions of Cameroon between 04/01-20/04/2022, using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between variables. RESULTS Over four-fifth (89.3%) of participants had taken herbal teas at least once within the last 2 years prior to the survey, and most participants used the teas for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 (67.9%), malaria (59.7%) and typhoid fever (35%). Most respondents took the teas warm (75%), and the treatment dosage used by most respondents (51%) was "one glass in the morning and evening for one to two weeks". The teas taken by 70% of users had bad or bitter taste and 52.2% of them were uncomfortable with the bad taste. However, the majority of users completed their treatment dosage (72%), 90.5% of them were willing to use teas for treatment if prescribed in health facilities in future, and 90.1% were in support that herbal teas should be prescribed in hospitals. There was no significant association (p ≥ 0.05) between sociodemographic characteristics of participants and herbal tea use. However, the major motivating factor for acceptability of herbal tea use was treatment effectiveness (52.7%). CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of herbal tea use among adults Cameroonians in the studied settings in the Centre and Southwest regions of Cameroon, with a positive opinion and willingness to use teas if prescribed in health facilities. Authorities must ensure the effectiveness and safety of traditional medicine served in health facilities, to enhance compliance and adequate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenwie Suh Nchang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sylvia Njong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research On Medicine (CIRM), University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Bambara
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joseph Kamga
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Embriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, IBMM-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research On Medicine (CIRM), University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Annie Robert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Alfaifi JA, Alqarni SAM, Alqarni A, Alqahtani MM, Alshomrani RA. Parents' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Traditional Medicine on Their Children: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bisha City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e43136. [PMID: 37577274 PMCID: PMC10412750 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of traditional medicine (TM) in children is widespread, particularly in developing countries. Parents often rely on TM to treat their children's illnesses or maintain their health. However, the safety and efficacy of TM are often unclear, and there is a need to assess parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward its use. Methods This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Bisha, Saudi Arabia, with a sample size of 555. The study used a modified questionnaire to collect data. The data were collected from March to June 2023. This study involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The study included 555 participants, most of whom were female, Saudi nationals, and married and had a bachelor's degree. More than half of the participants reported using TM, and most believed that it had fewer side effects and could be taken with allopathic medicines. However, many participants did not believe that TM could prevent or cure all diseases or that it was always safe. The median knowledge score was 4.0, with higher scores associated with older age and higher educational level. Most participants had a positive attitude toward TM, with higher attitude scores associated with younger age, male gender, lower educational level, and healthcare-related occupation. The median practice score was 31.0, with higher scores associated with younger age, male gender, illiteracy, and healthcare-related occupation. Overall, the study highlights the importance of understanding the patterns of use, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of TM in the population, particularly among different demographic groups. Conclusions This study highlights the need for better regulation and supervision of TM outlets to ensure the safety and efficacy of the products. It also emphasizes the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before using TM on children. The findings suggest that healthcare providers should be knowledgeable about TM and provide guidance to parents on its appropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber A Alfaifi
- Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
| | | | - Anas Alqarni
- College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU
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14
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Senghor AS, Mbaye MS, Diop R, Tosam MJ, Kabou P, Niang A, Okoye G. Towards a transactional medicine approach to combating global emerging pathogens: the case of COVID-19. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2272710. [PMID: 37917803 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2272710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck and China reported the first case to the World Health Organization in December 2019, there was no evidence-based treatment to combat it. With the catastrophic situation that followed, materialised by a considerable number of deaths, researchers, doctors, traditional healers, and governments of all nations committed themselves to find therapeutic solutions, including preventive and curative. There are effective treatments offered both by modern medicine and traditional medicine for COVID-19 today. However, other therapeutic proposals have not been approved due to the lack of effectiveness and scientific rigour during their development process. Proponents of modern medicine prefer biomedical therapies while in some countries, traditional treatments are used regularly because of their availability, affordability and satisfaction they bring to the population. In this paper, we propose a transactional medicine approach where the interaction between traditional and modern medicine produces a change. With this approach, the promoters of traditional medicine and those of modern medicine will be able to acquire knowledge through the experience produced by their encounters. Transactional medicine aims to be a model for decolonising medicine and recognising the value of both traditional and modern medicine in the fight against COVID-19 and other global emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Simon Senghor
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mame Salah Mbaye
- Department sociétés, territoires et développement, chaire de recherche du Canada en Innovation sociale et développement du territoire, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Rougui Diop
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mbih Jerome Tosam
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Kabou
- Department of Law, University of Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdoulaye Niang
- Department of Sociology, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Godwin Okoye
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Assessment of Iris albicans lange as potential antimicrobial and analgesic agent. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280127. [PMID: 36607998 PMCID: PMC9821482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective of the present work was to evaluate the presence of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities (antimicrobial and anti-nociceptive) of crude extract isolated from Iris albicans and its corresponding fractions. Extraction was made with methanol and extract was evaluated for the presence of different bioactive constituents, as per standard protocols. Extract and its corresponding fractions were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-nociceptive potential. Well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects while anti-nociceptive effect was studied using in-vivo models (acetic acid induced writhing, hotplate and tail immersion tests) at different dose level (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight) and compared with diclofenac sodium (dose = 10 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that the I. albicans extracts contained secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, fixed oil, glycosides and carbohydrates. Furthermore, it was observed that different fractions in decreasing polarity order such as chloroform >n-Hexane > Ethyl acetate > Crude Methanol > Aqueous extract exhibited effective antimicrobial response against all test organisms. Results of the study showed that the extracts have significant antimicrobial and analgesic activity, providing evidence for its folklore use.
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16
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Sarpong E, Acheampong DO, Fordjour GNR, Anyanful A, Aninagyei E, Tuoyire DA, Blackhurst D, Kyei GB, Ekor M, Thomford NE. Zero malaria: a mirage or reality for populations of sub-Saharan Africa in health transition. Malar J 2022; 21:314. [PMID: 36333802 PMCID: PMC9636766 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of malaria continues to be a significant public health concern. Despite advances made in therapeutics for malaria, there continues to be high morbidity and mortality associated with this infectious disease. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the most affected by the disease, but unfortunately the region is burdened with indigent health systems. With the recent increase in lifestyle diseases, the region is currently in a health transition, complicating the situation by posing a double challenge to the already ailing health sector. In answer to the continuous challenge of malaria, the African Union has started a "zero malaria starts with me” campaign that seeks to personalize malaria prevention and bring it down to the grass-root level. This review discusses the contribution of sub-Saharan Africa, whose population is in a health transition, to malaria elimination. In addition, the review explores the challenges that health systems in these countries face, that may hinder the attainment of a zero-malaria goal.
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Suwal TL, Gurung S, Shrestha MB, Ingram DJ, Pei KJC. Human Dimensions of Pangolin Conservation: Indigenous and Local Knowledge, Ethnozoological Uses, and Willingness of Rural Communities to Enhance Pangolin Conservation in Nepal. J ETHNOBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-42.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulshi Laxmi Suwal
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Sabita Gurung
- Small Mammals Conservation and Research Foundation, Kathmandu 9092, Nepal
| | | | - Daniel J. Ingram
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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18
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Ngere SH, Akelo V, Ondeng’e K, Ridzon R, Otieno P, Nyanjom M, Omore R, Barr BAT. Traditional Medicine Beliefs and Practices among Caregivers of Children under Five Years-The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS), Western Kenya: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276735. [PMID: 36322582 PMCID: PMC9629611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of the population residing in sub-Saharan Africa relies on Traditional Medicine (TM). However, literature on factors motivating the use of TM for children under the age of five in these settings is limited. Such information can guide policy formulation for integration of TM into mainstream health care services. This study aimed to describe the motivation on use of TM among caregivers of children residing in rural and urban communities in western Kenya. METHODS The socio-behavioral sciences (SBS) arm of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program in western Kenya, conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study in Manyatta-an urban informal settlement located in Kisumu town and Karemo-a rural setting in Siaya County. We performed 29 in-depth interviews, 5 focus group discussions and 11 semi-structured interviews with community representatives (n = 53), health workers (n = 17), and community leaders (n = 18). All the participants were purposively sampled. We performed thematic analysis using both inductive and deductive approaches. Data management was completed on Nvivo 11.0 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). RESULTS Our findings reveal that some caregivers prefer TM to treat some childhood diseases. Use of TM was informed by illness beliefs about etiology of disease. We observed an appreciation from the study participants that malaria can effectively be treated by Conventional Medicine (CM) while TM was preferred to treat measles and diseases believed to be associated with supernatural etiology such as witchcraft, evil spirit or breaching cultural taboos. TM was also used in instances where CM failed to provide a diagnosis or when CM was 'slow'. TM in such cases was used as a last resort. CONCLUSION We observed varied beliefs that motivate caregivers' choice of TM use among children in western Kenya. It is therefore crucial to consider perceptions and socio-cultural beliefs about illnesses when formulating interventions that are geared towards child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hawi Ngere
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ken Ondeng’e
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Renee Ridzon
- Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Maryanne Nyanjom
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Omore
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
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19
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Evaluation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Bioactivities of Three Native Cabo Verde Medicinal Plants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091162. [PMID: 36145383 PMCID: PMC9501242 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in a variety of health conditions remains essential for the discovery of new treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the bioactive properties of three native plants from Cabo Verde Islands, namely Artemisia gorgonum Webb, Sideroxylon marginatum (Decne. ex Webb) Cout., and Tamarix senegalensis DC., contributing to the characterization of less-known medicinal plants and their potential benefits for human health. Known compounds, such as kaempferol, quercetin, caffeyolquinic, and apigenin derivatives, among others, were detected in the plant species under study. Overall, all species demonstrated good antioxidant capacity, especially the ethanolic extracts of A. gorgonum (EC50 = 0.149 mg/mL) in TBARS assay. Moreover, the ethanolic extracts of the studied plants showed cytotoxic properties against tumor cells, and again the A. gorgonum extract proved to be the most effective in inhibiting tumor growth, mainly in the CaCO2 (GI50 = 17.3 μg/mL) and AGS (GI50 = 18.2 μg/mL) cell lines. Only the ethanolic extracts of T. senegalensis and S. marginatum demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, albeit weak (EC50 = 35 and 43 μg/mL, respectively). The present study contributed to increased knowledge about the bioactive properties of these plants commonly used in traditional medicine, some of which was discussed for the first time, opening new perspectives for their use in a wider range of health conditions, especially in African countries, where access to modern health care is more limited.
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Afungchwi GM, Kruger M, Hesseling P, van Elsland S, Ladas EJ, Marjerrison S. Survey of the use of traditional and complementary medicine among children with cancer at three hospitals in Cameroon. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29675. [PMID: 35441798 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is lack of diagnostic and treatment resources with variable access to childhood cancer treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), which may lead to subsequent poor survival. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) used in Cameroon. Secondarily, we explored determinants of T&CM use, associated costs, perceived benefits and harm, and disclosure of T&CM use to medical team. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional survey among parents and carers of children younger than 15 years of age who had a cancer diagnosis and received cancer treatment at three Baptist Mission hospitals between November 2017 and February 2019. RESULTS Eighty participants completed the survey. Median patient age was 8.1 years (IQR4.1-11.1). There was significant availability (90%) and use (67.5%) of T&CM, whereas 24% thought T&CM would be good for cancer treatment. Common T&CM remedies included herbs and other plant remedies or teas taken by mouth, prayer for healing purposes and skin cutting. Living more than five hours away from the treatment center (P = 0.030), anticipated costs (0.028), and a habit of consulting a traditional healer when sick (P = 0.006) were associated with the use of T&CM. T&CM was mostly paid for in cash (53.7%) or provided free of charge (29.6%). Of importance was the fact that nearly half (44%) did not want to disclose the use of TM to their doctor. CONCLUSION Pediatric oncology patients used T&CM before and during treatment but were unlikely to disclose its use to the child's health care team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Afungchwi
- Childhood Cancer Program, Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Bamenda, Cameroon.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Hesseling
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabine van Elsland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elena J Ladas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stacey Marjerrison
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Departments of Pediatric and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Alves ALV, da Silva LS, Faleiros CA, Silva VAO, Reis RM. The Role of Ingenane Diterpenes in Cancer Therapy: From Bioactive Secondary Compounds to Small Molecules. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes are a class of critical taxonomic markers of the Euphorbiaceae family, representing small compounds (eg, molecules) with a wide range of biological activities and multi-target therapeutic potential. Diterpenes can exert different activities, including antitumor and multi-drug resistance-reversing activities, and antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, mainly due to their great structural diversity. In particular, one polycyclic skeleton has been highlighted: ingenane. Besides this natural diterpene, promising polycyclic skeletons may be submitted to chemical modification—by in silico approaches, chemical reactions, or biotransformation—putatively providing more active analogs (eg, ingenol derivatives), which are currently under pre-clinical investigation. This review outlines the current mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic implications of ingenol diterpenes as small cancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V. Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Luciane S. da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Faleiros
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Viviane A. O. Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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22
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Agize M, Asfaw Z, Nemomissa S, Gebre T. Ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge in Dawuro Zone of Southwestern Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:48. [PMID: 35729583 PMCID: PMC9210772 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed at documenting the indigenous and local knowledge and use of traditional medicinal plants for treating human and livestock ailments in Dawuro Zone of Ethiopia. METHODS A survey was conducted among traditional healers and native administrators through discussion, interviews, and field observations. The snowball sampling technique was used to select 384 traditional healers in purposefully selected 50 villages spanning seven districts for face-to-face individual interviews. The chi-square test was applied to establish associations between traditional healers' demographics, the distance between the village site and the nearest natural forest and a health center, and SPSS V.20 software was used for the analysis. RESULTS The traditional healers of the study area reported the use of 274 traditional medicinal plant species belonging to 217 genera and 82 families. Asteraceae (11.68%), Fabaceae (9.49%), and Lamiaceae (9.12%) were the foremost frequently used families. Herb species (54.8%) and leaves (65%) were predominantly sourced from the wild environment. The quantity of medicinal plants used (x2 = 278.368, df = 20, P = 0.000) and years of (experience in) traditional healing using herbs (x2 = 76.358, df = 10, P = 0.000) varied with distance from the natural forests. The service charge for healing had strong positive association (x2 = 24.349, df = 5, P = 0.000) with healer's age (x2 = 309.119, df = 184, P = 0.000) and educational level (x2 = 851.230, df = 598, P = 0.000) with distance of traditional healer's residence from the medical institution. The agricultural activities, urbanization, low or no charge for the healing service, the secrecy and oral transfer of the knowledge, and the demand for medicinal and other multiple purposes species were some of the factors threatening the resource and the associated knowledge as well as the service in the study area. CONCLUSION There are diversified traditional medicinal plants applied for healthcare of the community and domestic animals of the study area. The source of remedies mostly depends on herbs of natural forests, and the leaf was the most frequently used plant part. Developing conservation intervention and sustainable systems of utilization is needed for multipurpose medicinal plants. Finally, integrating with modern system and formalizing, legalizing, and capacitating the traditional medicine practitioners are needed for access of primary healthcare systems to rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Agize
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 07, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Zemede Asfaw
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Nemomissa
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tizazu Gebre
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 07, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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23
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Ngwa W, Addai BW, Adewole I, Ainsworth V, Alaro J, Alatise OI, Ali Z, Anderson BO, Anorlu R, Avery S, Barango P, Bih N, Booth CM, Brawley OW, Dangou JM, Denny L, Dent J, Elmore SNC, Elzawawy A, Gashumba D, Geel J, Graef K, Gupta S, Gueye SM, Hammad N, Hessissen L, Ilbawi AM, Kambugu J, Kozlakidis Z, Manga S, Maree L, Mohammed SI, Msadabwe S, Mutebi M, Nakaganda A, Ndlovu N, Ndoh K, Ndumbalo J, Ngoma M, Ngoma T, Ntizimira C, Rebbeck TR, Renner L, Romanoff A, Rubagumya F, Sayed S, Sud S, Simonds H, Sullivan R, Swanson W, Vanderpuye V, Wiafe B, Kerr D. Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:e251-e312. [PMID: 35550267 PMCID: PMC9393090 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises. Recommended actions begin with the need to develop or update national cancer control plans in each country. Plans must include childhood cancer plans, managing comorbidities such as HIV and malnutrition, a reliable and predictable supply of medication, and the provision of psychosocial, supportive, and palliative care. Plans should also engage traditional, complementary, and alternative medical practices employed by more than 80% of SSA populations and pathways to reduce missed diagnoses and late referrals. More substantial investment is needed in developing cancer registries and cancer diagnostics for core cancer tests. We show that investments in, and increased adoption of, some approaches used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as hypofractionated radiotherapy and telehealth, can substantially increase access to cancer care in Africa, accelerate cancer prevention and control efforts, increase survival, and save billions of US dollars over the next decade. The involvement of African First Ladies in cancer prevention efforts represents one practical approach that should be amplified across SSA. Moreover, investments in workforce training are crucial to prevent millions of avoidable deaths by 2030. We present a framework that can be used to strategically plan cancer research enhancement in SSA, with investments in research that can produce a return on investment and help drive policy and effective collaborations. Expansion of universal health coverage to incorporate cancer into essential benefits packages is also vital. Implementation of the recommended actions in this Commission will be crucial for reducing the growing cancer crises in SSA and achieving political commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Ngwa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Information and Sciences, ICT University, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Beatrice W Addai
- Breast Care International, Peace and Love Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Adewole
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victoria Ainsworth
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - James Alaro
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zipporah Ali
- Kenya Hospices and Palliative Care Association, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rose Anorlu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Avery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prebo Barango
- WHO, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Noella Bih
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Otis W Brawley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lynette Denny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Shekinah N C Elmore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Elzawawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Jennifer Geel
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Katy Graef
- BIO Ventures for Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nazik Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andre M Ilbawi
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Kambugu
- Department of Pediatrics, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Simon Manga
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Lize Maree
- Department of Nursing Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Susan Msadabwe
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ntokozo Ndlovu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kingsley Ndoh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mamsau Ngoma
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Twalib Ngoma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorna Renner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anya Romanoff
- Department of Health System Design and Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fidel Rubagumya
- Department of Oncology, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shivani Sud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Simonds
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - William Swanson
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Centre for Radiotherapy, Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - David Kerr
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Zhang C, Li H, Niu Q, Xie Y, Hu J, Liu C, Shang X, Li X. Commentary: Chinese Herbal Medicine Usage Reduces Overall Mortality in HIV-Infected Patients With Osteoporosis or Fractures. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870855. [PMID: 35685631 PMCID: PMC9171357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuhui Li
- *Correspondence: Xiuhui Li, ; Xiaofei Shang,
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25
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Gnanaolivu SD, Campera M, Nekaris KA, Nijman V, Satish R, Babu S, Singh M. Medicine, black magic and supernatural beings: Cultural rituals as a significant threat to slender lorises in India. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha D. Gnanaolivu
- Institution of Excellence University of Mysore Vijnana Bhavan India
- Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Coimbatore India
| | - Marco Campera
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
- Little Fireface Project Cipaganti Indonesia
| | - K. Anne‐Isola Nekaris
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
- Little Fireface Project Cipaganti Indonesia
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
| | - Roopa Satish
- Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre Bengaluru India
| | | | - Mewa Singh
- Institution of Excellence University of Mysore Vijnana Bhavan India
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26
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Snakebite Treatment in Tanzania: Identifying Gaps in Community Practices and Hospital Resources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084701. [PMID: 35457571 PMCID: PMC9024466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming causes more than 140,000 deaths annually and at least triple this number of disabilities. The World Health Organization classified snakebite as a Neglected Tropical Disease in 2017 and developed a strategy to halve death and disability from snakebite by 2030. To achieve this goal, snakebite victims need to receive safe and effective treatment. This descriptive, cross-sectional study surveyed student health professionals (N = 312) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and was designed to identify major gaps in community practices and hospital resources for snakebite treatment. Participants reported using traditional community practices (44%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 39–50%), allopathic practices (7%, 95% CI = 5–11%), or a combination of both (49%, 95% CI = 43–54%) to treat snakebite. Harmful practices included tight arterial tourniquets (46%, 95% CI = 41–52%) and wound incisions (15%, 95% CI = 11–19%). Many participants (35%, 95% CI = 29–40%) also turned to traditional healers. Students who treated snakebite injuries within the last 5 years (N = 69) also reported their general experiences with snakebite in hospitals. Hospitals often lacked essential resources to treat snakebite victims, and 44% (95% CI = 30–59%) of snakebite victims arrived at a hospital only three or more hours after the bite. A significant percentage of snakebite victims experienced lasting damage (32%, 95% CI = 20–47%) or death (14%, 95% CI = 7–25%). Snakebite outcomes could likely be improved if hospitals were universally and consistently equipped with the essential resources to treat snakebite victims, such as antivenoms. Educational interventions aimed at communities should focus on discouraging tourniquet use and tampering with the wound. Collaboration between the allopathic and traditional health system could further boost snakebite outcomes because traditional healers are often the first health workers to see snakebite victims.
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27
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Thipanyane MP, Nomatshila SC, Oladimeji O, Musarurwa H. Perceptions of Pregnant Women on Traditional Health Practices in a Rural Setting in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074189. [PMID: 35409871 PMCID: PMC8998603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Though there are prenatal and perinatal protocols across the African continent, traditional practices are commonly used. Improving maternal health requires an understanding of local cultural approaches and traditional health systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of pregnant mothers of various ages and gravidities towards traditional maternal health practices during pregnancy. A descriptive phenomenological study was carried out with 27 purposively selected pregnant women from the King Sabatha Dalindyebo health sub-district. Discussion from three focus groups yielded three major themes and eight sub-themes. Content analysis revealed strong opinions and support for traditional practices. Although specialist practitioners were mentioned, family members were the primary source of information on traditional perinatal health practices. African mahogany bark, herbal decoctions, and holy water were allegedly used to treat labor pains, postnatal care, and the warding off of evil spirits. During pregnancy, these were thought to be beneficial and necessary. Nonetheless, the protection of some traditional practices’ know-how prevents integration of the traditional health system into the national health system. Consequently, there is a need for dialogue to facilitate the exchange of ideas on maternal health between the two health systems in order to facilitate more efficient policy formulation and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mvulakazi Patricia Thipanyane
- Preventive Medicine and Health Behavior Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (M.P.T.); (H.M.)
| | - Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila
- Preventive Medicine and Health Behavior Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Community Medicine Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Hannibal Musarurwa
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
- Correspondence: (M.P.T.); (H.M.)
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Paul AK, Jahan R, Paul A, Mahboob T, Bondhon TA, Jannat K, Hasan A, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050985. [PMID: 35267958 PMCID: PMC8912584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anita Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Tohmina A. Bondhon
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
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29
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Leke AZ, Dolk H, Loane M, Casson K, Maboh NM, Maeya SE, Dibo L, Nyenti PB, Obale A, Etiendem D. Prevalence, determinants and attitude towards herbal medicine use in the first trimester of pregnancy in Cameroon: A survey in 20 hospitals. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000726. [PMID: 36962818 PMCID: PMC10021538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine the prevalence, determinants and attitude towards herbal medication (HM) use in the first trimester of pregnancy in Cameroon women. Between March to August 2015, we surveyed 795 pregnant women attending 20 randomly selected urban or rural hospitals in South West Cameroon on first trimester orthodox medication (OM) and HM use. Data was obtained by interviews using structured questionnaires. First trimester HM use was reported by 293 (36∙9%) women, 76% of whom used it in combination with OM. The most frequent indication for taking HM was prevention/treatment of anaemia (26∙3%). The HM were usually self-prescribed (33∙3%) or by family (56∙2%), and obtained from the woman's own garden (69∙3%). Twenty percent of women believed that HM was always safe to take in pregnancy, compared to 69.3% for OM. Intake of HM was significantly influenced by women's opinion on OM or HM safety-the odds of taking HM was 3 time higher among women who were unsure about the safety of OM (AOR: 3∙0, 95%CI = 1∙5-6∙1), while women who thought HM were never safe or who were unsure about its safety, were 91% or 84% respectively less likely to take HM compared to women who believed HM were always safe. We identified a high prevalence of HM use and concomitant use with OM, strongly influenced by women's perception of HM and OM safety. These findings indicate the need for WHO to specifically address safety in pregnancy in its policy to integrate traditional medicine use into existing healthcare systems in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminkeng Zawuo Leke
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Helen Dolk
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Loane
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Casson
- Centre for Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research, Institute for Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom
| | - Nkwati Michel Maboh
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Susan Etta Maeya
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lerry Dibo
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Bessem Nyenti
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Armstrong Obale
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Derick Etiendem
- Centre for Maternal and Infant Research, Health Research Foundation (HRF), Buea, Cameroon
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30
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Wang W, Yan Y, Guo Z, Hou H, Garcia M, Tan X, Anto EO, Mahara G, Zheng Y, Li B, Kang T, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Golubnitschaja O. All around suboptimal health - a joint position paper of the Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:403-433. [PMID: 34539937 PMCID: PMC8435766 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The time-frame between onset of SHS and clinical manifestation of associated disorders is the operational area for an application of reliable risk assessment tools and predictive diagnostics followed by the cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. This article demonstrates advanced strategies in bio/medical sciences and healthcare focused on suboptimal health conditions in the frame-work of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). Potential benefits in healthcare systems and for society at large include but are not restricted to an improved life-quality of major populations and socio-economical groups, advanced professionalism of healthcare-givers and sustainable healthcare economy. Amongst others, following medical areas are proposed to strongly benefit from PPPM strategies applied to the identification and treatment of suboptimal health conditions:Stress overload associated pathologiesMale and female healthPlanned pregnanciesPeriodontal healthEye disordersInflammatory disorders, wound healing and pain management with associated complicationsMetabolic disorders and suboptimal body weightCardiovascular pathologiesCancersStroke, particularly of unknown aetiology and in young individualsSleep medicineSports medicineImproved individual outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zheng Guo
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monique Garcia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xuerui Tan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gehendra Mahara
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yulu Zheng
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bo Li
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Timothy Kang
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Chinese Acuology, Perth, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - On Behalf of Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Perth, Australia
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Beijing, China
- Suboptimal Health Study Consortium, Bonn, Germany
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised, Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute of Chinese Acuology, Perth, Australia
- School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Nayak SN, Aravind B, Malavalli SS, Sukanth BS, Poornima R, Bharati P, Hefferon K, Kole C, Puppala N. Omics Technologies to Enhance Plant Based Functional Foods: An Overview. Front Genet 2021; 12:742095. [PMID: 34858472 PMCID: PMC8631721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.742095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods are natural products of plants that have health benefits beyond necessary nutrition. Functional foods are abundant in fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and some are found in cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds. Efforts to identify functional foods in our diet and their beneficial aspects are limited to few crops. Advances in sequencing and availability of different omics technologies have given opportunity to utilize these tools to enhance the functional components of the foods, thus ensuring the nutritional security. Integrated omics approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can be used to improve the crops. This review provides insights into omics studies that are carried out to find the active components and crop improvement by enhancing the functional compounds in different plants including cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages and medicinal plants. There is a need to characterize functional foods that are being used in traditional medicines, as well as utilization of this knowledge to improve the staple foods in order to tackle malnutrition and hunger more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Sachin S. Malavalli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - B. S. Sukanth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - R. Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Pushpa Bharati
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chittaranjan Kole
- President, International Phytomedomics and Nutriomics Consortium (ipnc.info), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Naveen Puppala
- New Mexico State University-Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico, NM, United States
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Aziz N, He J, Sarker T, Sui H. Exploring the Role of Health Expenditure and Maternal Mortality in South Asian Countries: An Approach towards Shaping Better Health Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11514. [PMID: 34770029 PMCID: PMC8583359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accomplishing unremitting favorable health outcomes, especially reducing maternal mortality, remains a challenge for South Asian countries. This study explores the relationship between health expenditure and maternal mortality by using data set consisting of 18 years from 2000 to 2017. Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) models were employed for the empirical analysis. The outcomes revealed that a 1% rise in health expenditure increased the maternal mortality rate by 1.95% in the case of FMOLS estimator and 0.16% in the case of DOLS estimator. This reflects that the prevailing health care system is not adequate for reducing maternal mortality. Moreover, the meager system and the priorities established by an elitist system in which the powerless and poor are not considered may also lead to worsen the situation. In addition, the study also added population, economic growth, sanitation, and clean fuel technology in the empirical model. The findings revealed that population growth has a significant long-term effect on maternal mortality-an increase of 40% in the case of FMOLS and 10% in the case of DOLS-and infers that an increase in population growth has also dampened efforts towards reducing maternal mortality in the South Asian panel. Further, the results in the case of economic growth, sanitation, and clean fuel technologies showed significant long-term negative effects on maternal mortality by 94%, 7.2%, and 11%, respectively, in the case of the FMOLS estimator, and 18%, 1.9%, and 5%, respectively, in the case of the DOLS estimator. The findings imply that GDP and access to sanitation and clean fuel technologies are more nuanced in declining maternal mortality. In conclusion, the verdict shows that policymakers should formulate policies considering the fundamental South Asian aspects warranted to reduce maternal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshaba Aziz
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jun He
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Tanwne Sarker
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Hongguang Sui
- School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
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Okaiyeto K, Oguntibeju OO. African Herbal Medicines: Adverse Effects and Cytotoxic Potentials with Different Therapeutic Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5988. [PMID: 34199632 PMCID: PMC8199769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The African continent is naturally endowed with various plant species with nutritional and medicinal benefits. About 80% of the people in developing countries rely on folk medicines to treat different diseases because of indigenous knowledge, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Extensive research studies have been conducted on the medicinal uses of African plants, however, the therapeutic potentials of some of these plants has remained unexploited. Over the years, several studies have revealed that some of these African floras are promising candidates for the development of novel drugs. Despite the plethora of studies on medicinal plant research in Africa, there is still little scientific data supporting the folkloric claims of these plants. Besides, safety in the use of folk medicines has been a major public health concern over the year. Therefore, it has become mandatory that relevant authority should take measures in safeguarding the populace on the use of herbal mixtures. Thus, the present review extracted relevant information from different scientific databases and highlighted some problems associated with folk medicines, adverse effects on reproductive systems, issue about safety due to the toxicity of some plants and their toxicity effects with potential therapeutic benefits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Nkosi PB, Sibiya MN. A practice framework for the cooperative treatment of cancer between traditional health practitioners and radiation oncologists in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Health SA 2021; 26:1427. [PMID: 33824726 PMCID: PMC8008014 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cooperative practice between traditional health practitioners (THPs) and radiation oncologists (ROs) is crucial for the continuity of care in the treatment of patients with cancer. However, scant information exists on how to co-ordinate cooperation between these health practitioners without interrupting the treatment of the patients. Aim The study aimed to explore the practices of THPs and ROs in cancer treatment and ultimately derive a workable practice framework between these health practitioners in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. Setting The study was conducted in selected districts, namely eThekwini, uThukela, Amajuba, uMkhanyakude, iLembe, uMzinyathi and uMgungundlovu, in KZN. Methods A qualitative study by using a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted to collect data from 28 THPs involved in the treatment of cancer and four ROs from public oncology hospitals. Focus groups and one-on-one semi-structured interviews by using open-ended questions were conducted to collect data from THPs and ROs, respectively. Framework analysis was used for data analysis to identify themes. Results The study found that in KZN, THPs and ROs are working in parallel and that there are problems when patients seek cancer treatment from both health practitioners. Furthermore, the THPs and ROs work in an environment where there is no relationship, respect and trust, open communication and referral of patients by ROs to THPs. Both teams indicated that patients consult both traditional medicine (TM) and allopathic medicine (AM) by moving between the two health practitioners, resulting in interruptions in treatment. In addition, the study found that cooperation between THPs and ROs is understood as the provision of continuity care, where the parties work independently but share certain information of the patient on treatment, or as already being treated by each of them. The focus was on the type of relationship, enablers and common grounds for cooperation. Conclusion The workable cooperative practice framework could be an inclusive health system where the parties work in parallel, with the patient being the main actor in the collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline B Nkosi
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maureen N Sibiya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Ugwu-Dike P, Nambudiri VE. A review of ethnomedicinal uses of shea butter for dermatoses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e14786. [PMID: 33480103 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous therapies, or traditional medicines (TMs), constitute a highly accessible and continuously growing health system in many parts of the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Shea butter, a fat produced from the kernels of the shea tree, has historically been used as an indigenous therapy for dermatologic ailments in SSA. Characterizing traditional therapeutic applications for shea butter is important to inform the continued development of TM in SSA. We conducted a literature review aimed at identifying all available publications on the use of shea butter to treat dermatoses within SSA and evaluating patterns of use. We found 24 dermatologic uses across 30 references. The most common study design was descriptive cross-sectional analysis (46.7%), often relying on the use of in-depth interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Eight SSA countries were represented and there were disparities in availability of information across SSA with the eastern and southern regions less likely to be represented. The most frequently investigated conditions were scabies, wound healing, and umbilical cord care. Shea butter was most commonly used in combination with other ingredients to produce a medical treatment with the most frequent adjuvant being Elaeis guineensis, African oil palm. Broad use of TM to treat varied skin diseases throughout SSA warrants increased investigations into this field in order to further develop the capacity of TM as a source of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Ugwu-Dike
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vinod E Nambudiri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oseni Z, Shannon G. The relationship between Indigenous and allopathic health practitioners in Africa and its implications for collaboration: a qualitative synthesis. Glob Health Action 2020; 13:1838241. [PMID: 33150856 PMCID: PMC7646596 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1838241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been increasing calls for collaboration between Indigenous health practitioners (IHPs) and allopathic health practitioners (AHPs) in Africa. Despite this, very few successful systems exist to facilitate formal collaboration. Direct relationships between providers, and at a health systems level are crucial to successful collaboration, but the nature and extent of these relationships have yet to be adequately explored. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between IHPs and AHPs in Africa, and to discuss the implications of this for future collaboration. METHODS An interpretive qualitative synthesis approach, combining elements of thematic analysis, meta-ethnography, and grounded theory, was used to systematically bring together findings of qualitative studies addressing the topic of collaboration between Indigenous and allopathic health practitioners in Africa. RESULTS A total of 1,765 papers were initially identified, 1,748 were excluded after abstract, full text and duplicate screening. Five additional studies were identified through references. Thus, 22 papers were included in the final analysis. We found that the relationship between Indigenous and allopathic health practitioners is defined by a power struggle which gives rise to lack of mutual understanding, rivalry, distrust, and disrespect. CONCLUSION The power struggle which defines the relationship between IHPs and AHPs in Africa is a hindrance to their collaboration and as such could partly account for the limited success of efforts to foster collaboration to date. Future efforts to foster collaboration between IHPs and AHPs in Africa must aim to balance the power disparity between them if collaboration is to be successful. Since this would be a novel approach, decision-makers and organisations who trial this power balancing approach to facilitate collaboration should evaluate resultant policies and interventions to ascertain their feasibility and efficacy in fostering collaboration, and the lessons learnt should be shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Oseni
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geordan Shannon
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Stema Health Systems Innovation, London, UK
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Nwakiban APA, Fumagalli M, Piazza S, Magnavacca A, Martinelli G, Beretta G, Magni P, Tchamgoue AD, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E. Dietary Cameroonian Plants Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123787. [PMID: 33321889 PMCID: PMC7763248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Cameroon, local plants are traditionally used as remedies for a variety of ailments. In this regard, several papers report health benefits of Cameroonian spices, which include antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, whereas gastric anti-inflammatory activities have never been previously considered. The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices in gastric epithelial cells (AGS and GES-1 cells). The extracts showed antioxidant properties in a cell-free system and reduced H2O2-induced ROS generation in gastric epithelial cells. After preliminary screening on TNFα-induced NF-κB driven transcription, six extracts from Xylopia parviflora, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata, Aframomum melegueta, and Aframomum citratum were selected for further studies focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts reduced the expression of some NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators strictly involved in the gastric inflammatory process, such as IL-8, IL-6, and enzymes such as PTGS2 (COX-2), without affecting PTGS1 (COX-1). In conclusion, the selected extracts decreased pro-inflammatory markers by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in gastric cells, justifying, in part, the traditional use of these spices. Other molecular mechanisms cannot be excluded, and further studies are needed to better clarify their biological activities at the gastric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Parfait Atchan Nwakiban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Via Milanese, 300, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250-318-398
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
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Healthcare and Health Problems from the Perspective of Indigenous Population of the Peruvian Amazon: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217728. [PMID: 33105800 PMCID: PMC7672556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous communities usually experience higher levels of mortality and poorer access to healthcare services compared to non-indigenous communities. This study aims to understand the most prevalent health problems and their treatment in the Asháninka indigenous communities of the Peruvian Amazon. We conducted an ethnographic study in order to explore the perceived health problems, the use of traditional medicine and the resources offered by the official Peruvian healthcare system. Field notes and semi-structured interviews were used. A total of 16 indigenous and four non-indigenous people were interviewed, and interpretative analysis was used to identify themes. The Asháninka community is an overlooked population, which, due to distance restrictions, misconceptions and ethnical disparities, is far away from an appropriate healthcare system and is subjected to acute medical conditions such as infections and gastrointestinal problems. This group tends to seek traditional medicine, mostly herbal medications and traditional healers. The use of a health professional is seen as a last resort. Although the official Peruvian health system incorporates community participation strategies to improve the healthcare of indigenous people, the shortage of material, human resources and cultural sensitivity makes this difficult. Healthcare strategies should be devised and implemented in order to minimize health inequality in this population.
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Saha D, Vasuprada TM. Reconciling conflicting themes of traditionality and innovation: an application of research networks using author affiliation. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7545157 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Innovation takes different forms: varying from path-breaking discoveries to adaptive changes that survive external shifts in the environment. Our paper investigates the nature and process of innovation in the traditional knowledge system of Ayurveda by tracing the footprints that innovation leaves in the academic research network of published papers from the PubMed database. Traditional knowledge systems defy the application of standard measures of innovation such as patents and patent citations. However, the continuity in content of these knowledge systems, which are studied using modern publication standards prescribed by academic journals, indicate a kind of adaptive innovation that we track using an author-affiliation based measure of homophily. Our investigation of this measure and its relationship with currently accepted standards of journal quality clearly shows how systems of knowledge can continue in an unbroken tradition without becoming extinct. Rather than no innovation, traditional knowledge systems evolve by adapting to modern standards of knowledge dissemination without significant alteration in their content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdatta Saha
- Faculty of Economics, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - T. M. Vasuprada
- Faculty of Economics, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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40
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Kim JK, Kim KH, Shin YC, Jang BH, Ko SG. Utilization of traditional medicine in primary health care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan 2020; 35:1070-1083. [PMID: 32516397 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the findings from the first systematic review of the utilization of traditional medicine (TM) in primary health care (PHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). PHC is an important component of health care and essential for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). For countries where there is a gap in PHC, TM plays a vital role. It is widely used and has the potential to increase the coverage of PHC and UHC. Hence in situations where TM is recognized in a considerable magnitude, there are scarce evidence and minimal regulation on it and TM practitioners (TMPs). This study aims to identify the current situation in the utilization of TM in PHC or UHC in LMICs. A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies have been conducted. A total of 56 articles met the criteria and were included in the review. In all, 14 analytic themes have been developed including the current use of TM in PHC, higher accessibility of TM, medical pluralism, national health system, national health policy and national health insurance to include TM, including TMPs in the referral system, utilizing TMPs as community health workers, the needs of scientific research on TM and the need for training both TMPs and conventional medical staffs for better collaboration. The study concluded that it is necessary to further focus on TM in the macro level on strengthening the referral system by including TM to establish a comprehensive service delivery network under UHC and in the micro level to focus on training the TMPs and conventional medicine health workers on both areas to attain more in-depth understanding of each other, which can lead to better collaboration and quality patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyoun Kim
- Department of Global Public Health and Korean Medicine Management, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 61, Seonneomeo 3-gil, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54986, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Judson SD, Njabo KY, Torimiro JN. Regional vulnerability for COVID-19 in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:16. [PMID: 33343795 PMCID: PMC7733345 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.37.16.26167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION few studies have assessed risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within African countries. Here we examine differences in vulnerability to COVID-19 among the ten administrative regions and two major cities of Cameroon based on epidemiological risk factors and access to healthcare resources. METHODS regional epidemiological and healthcare access vulnerability indices were created and compared with cumulative COVID-19 cases, case fatality rates, co-morbidities, and healthcare resources in Cameroon. RESULTS based on epidemiological risk factors, populations in the East Region, Douala (in the Littoral Region), West Region, and Yaoundé (in the Center Region) are at highest risk for COVID-19. Meanwhile, the North, Far North, East, and Adamawa Regions had the most healthcare access vulnerability. COVID-19 cases per population were highest in the Center, Littoral, and East Regions. Case fatality rates were greatest in the North Region. Potential co-morbidities with greater prevalence among COVID-19 patients included male sex, hypertension, and diabetes. CONCLUSION epidemiological risk factors for COVID-19 and access to healthcare varies between the regions of Cameroon. These discrepancies are potentially reflected in regional differences of COVID-19 cases and case fatality rates. In particular, the East Region has high epidemiological risk factors and low healthcare accessibility compared to other regions. Understanding the relationships between epidemiological risk factors, access to healthcare resources, and COVID-19 cases in Cameroon could aid decision-making among national policymakers and inform further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Yana Njabo
- Center for Tropical Research, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Judith Ndongo Torimiro
- The Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Khurshid Ahmed NA, Lim SK, Pandian GN, Sugiyama H, Lee CY, Khoo BY, Chan KL. Differentially expressed genes on the growth of mouse Leydig cells treated with standardised Eurycoma longifolia extract. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3645-3658. [PMID: 32901880 PMCID: PMC7533519 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurycoma (E.) longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) is a widely applied medicine that has been reported to boost serum testosterone and increase muscle mass. However, its actual biological targets and effects on an in vitro level remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a standardised E. longifolia extract (F2) on the growth and its associated gene expression profile in mouse Leydig cells. F2, even at lower doses, was found to induce a high level of testosterone by ELISA. The level was as high as the levels induced by eurycomanone and formestane in Leydig cells. However, Leydig cells treated with F2 demonstrated reduced viability, which was likely due to the diminished cell population at the G0/G1 phase and increased cell population arrested at the S phase in the cell cycle, as assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell viability was revived when the treatment time‑point was prolonged to 96 h. Genome‑wide gene analysis by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR of F2‑treated Leydig cells at 72 h, when the cell growth was not revived, and 96 h, when the cell growth had started to revive, revealed cyclin‑dependent kinase‑like 2 (CDKL2) to be a potential target in regulating the viability of F2‑treated Leydig cells. Functional analysis, as analysed using GeneMANIA Cytoscape program v.3.6.0 (https://genemania.org/), further suggested that CDKL2 could act in concert with Casitas B‑lineage lymphoma and sphingosine kinase 1 interactor‑A‑kinase anchoring protein domain‑containing genes to regulate the viability of F2‑treated Leydig cells. The findings of the present study provide new insights regarding the potential molecular targets associated with the biological effect of E. longifolia extract on cell growth, particularly on the cell cycle, which could aid in enhancing the bioefficacy and reducing the toxicity of this natural product in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Amira Khurshid Ahmed
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shern Kwok Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- World Premier International Research Initiative‑Institute for Integrated Cell‑Material Sciences (WPI‑iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- World Premier International Research Initiative‑Institute for Integrated Cell‑Material Sciences (WPI‑iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chong Yew Lee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Sirdah MM, Reading NS. Genetic predisposition in type 2 diabetes: A promising approach toward a personalized management of diabetes. Clin Genet 2020; 98:525-547. [PMID: 32385895 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, has been described as a chronic and complex endocrine metabolic disorder that is a leading cause of death across the globe. It is considered a key public health problem worldwide and one of four important non-communicable diseases prioritized for intervention through world health campaigns by various international foundations. Among its four categories, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the commonest form of diabetes accounting for over 90% of worldwide cases. Unlike monogenic inherited disorders that are passed on in a simple pattern, T2D is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology, where a mixture of genetic and environmental factors are strong candidates for the development of the clinical condition and pathology. The genetic factors are believed to be key predisposing determinants in individual susceptibility to T2D. Therefore, identifying the predisposing genetic variants could be a crucial step in T2D management as it may ameliorate the clinical condition and preclude complications. Through an understanding the unique genetic and environmental factors that influence the development of this chronic disease individuals can benefit from personalized approaches to treatment. We searched the literature published in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science for the current status of T2D and its associated genetic risk variants and discus promising approaches toward a personalized management of this chronic, non-communicable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sirdah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Biology Department, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - N Scott Reading
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Hansen F, Berntsen GR, Salamonsen A. Medical pluralism in the aftermath of cancer: health seeking actions and cancer patients' shaping of trajectories to healing. Anthropol Med 2020; 27:330-346. [PMID: 31986904 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2019.1676637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved treatment methods for cancer are increasing the number of survivals in Norway. In turn, the group of people struggling with late effects after the treatment is growing. Late effects could be physical, psychological or existential conditions caused by treatment or the experience of illness. This qualitative study explores health-seeking actions among nine Norwegian people with cancer, and how they shape their trajectories to healing. Various health-seeking actions were identified through content analysis, and categorized as conventional, CAM, self-care, religious coping and traditional healing. Medical pluralism particularly flourished in the aftermath of cancer. We found that the phenomenon is characterized by: 1) implementation of contradicting models of reality and making pragmatic choices, 2) continuity and change of health seeking actions, 3) medical pluralism as a process, and 4) increased use of CAM and self-care to improve health and well-being in situations where the conventional care system has few available treatment options. To support people with long-term conditions, we need to know how they choose and make sense of their health-seeking activities. We argue that trajectories to healing are dynamic and shaped by people making choices. This process could be understood in greater depth by applying the concept of medical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hansen
- National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gro Rosvold Berntsen
- The Primary Care Research group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Center for e-Health Research, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anita Salamonsen
- RKBU North - Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Interdisciplinary Health Science, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Alaribe FN, Motaung KSCM. Medicinal Plants in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in the African Continent. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 25:827-829. [PMID: 30838937 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Medicinal plants are used by various traditional healers to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with numerous diseases such as osteoarthritis, asthma, cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis, swollen ankles, bone fracture, malaria, convulsion, piles, hypertension, typhoid fever, diabetes, and anemia. Our research is relevant to communities that rely solely on traditional medicine for their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Nneka Alaribe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mabou Tagne A, Biapa Nya PC, Tiotsia Tsapi A, Edingue Essoh AK, Pembouong G, Ngouadjeu Ngnintedem MA, Marino F, Cosentino M. Determinants, Prevalence and Trend of Use of Medicinal Plants Among People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Dschang, Cameroon. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:2088-2100. [PMID: 30607756 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-02388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) in Cameroon often seek care from traditional health practitioners (THPs) and use medicinal plants (MP). Most MP, however, still lacks evidence for their efficacy and safety, and their use, often undisclosed to referring physicians, may interfere with standard therapies. Therefore, we conducted a survey of 247 PLHIV in Dschang to assess the determinants, prevalence and trend of MP use. Besides, we surveyed 16 THPs about the use of MP in PLHIV and HIV-related knowledge. 54.9% PLHIV declared using in total 70 plants, 91.3% users were satisfied with MP, and unwanted effects were reported in 2 cases. MP users were less educated than nonusers, had longer disease duration and were more often unemployed. Only 3 THPs used MP in PLHIV, and most of them had insufficient knowledge of HIV. Results may be useful for education on HIV and integration of traditional medicines with conventional therapeutics.
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Dickson DC, Christie SA, Chichom Mefire A, Oben E, Embolo FN, Fonje AN, O'Sullivan P, Akumbu PW, Essi MJ, Dicker R, Juillard C. A Qualitative Study of Transitions Between Health Care Settings After Injury in Cameroon. J Surg Res 2019; 244:528-539. [PMID: 31351396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations in Cameroon, a lower middle-income country in Central Africa, have a higher than average burden of traumatic injury, suffer from more severe injuries, and face substantial barriers to accessing formal health care services after injury. The aim of this study was to identify and describe how recently injured Cameroonians use and adapt the formal and informal medical systems and what motivates these transitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recently injured people or their surrogates residing in Southwest Region, Cameroon, were recruited from a larger community-based survey on injury. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 39 recently injured persons or their adult family members. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and iteratively coded to identify major themes. RESULTS Most injured persons had complex therapeutic itineraries involving one or more transitions, and nine of 35 injured persons used formal care exclusively. Transitions away from formal care were driven by (1) anticipated costs beyond means, (2) unacceptable length of proposed treatment, (3) poorly supported referrals, (4) dissatisfaction with treatment progress or outcome, and (5) belief that traditional methods work additively with formal care. Factors motivating people to engage with formal care included (1) perceived high value of care for cost, (2) desire for reliable diagnostic tests, (3) social support during hospitalization, and (4) financial support from family or a stranger responsible for the injury. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight specific opportunities to improve engagement in formal care after injury and better support injured Cameroonians through the strengthening of the formal care referral process and health financing organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drusia C Dickson
- Center for Global Surgical Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrinah A Christie
- Center for Global Surgical Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alain Chichom Mefire
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Eunice Oben
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Frida N Embolo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Ahmed N Fonje
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Patricia O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pius W Akumbu
- Center for African Languages and Cultures, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
| | - Marie Jose Essi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rochelle Dicker
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine Juillard
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Ngemenya MN, Djeukem GGR, Nyongbela KD, Bate PNN, Babiaka SB, Monya E, Kanso RK. Microbial, phytochemical, toxicity analyses and antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria of some traditional remedies sold in Buea Southwest Cameroon. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:150. [PMID: 31242939 PMCID: PMC6595550 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine remedies are commonly used for treatment of diverse ailments including bacterial infections. The activity against resistant bacteria and safety of some remedies sold as anti-infective treatments in market places in Buea, Southwest Cameroon were investigated as potential alternative treatment to counter increasing antibiotic resistance. Methods Ten remedies were purchased, their components documented and microbial load estimated. Methanol extracts of the remedies were tested for antibacterial activity by disc diffusion and microdilution. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLC-MK2) while acute oral toxicity was done in BALB/c mice for the bactericidal extract. Extracts were further analysed using phytochemical tests. Results All the remedies had microbial loads above the acceptable limit of 105 CFU/g. The highest activity was produced by extracts of four remedies (TP 1, 2, 4, 6a, 6b) against all clinical isolates among which three were active against four control strains. Zones of inhibition ranged from 8 to 27 mm. Two of the four extracts produced zones ≥20 mm against multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli but were less active compared to Gentamycin positive control (P < 0.0001–0.0014). The most active extracts also recorded minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1 to 4 mg/mL. One of them (TP2) was bactericidal against a clinical isolate of methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 8 mg/mL. Extracts of six remedies did not show cytotoxicity and no mortality or adverse effect was recorded in the acute oral toxicity test. Phytochemical screening showed the most active extracts contained relatively high amounts of alkaloids and flavonoids. Conclusion Only four of the eight remedies tested showed activity against multidrug resistant bacteria suggesting some of these remedies may not be effective against bacterial infections. Production and handling methods should be improved and the product quality controlled to ensure biosecurity. The remedies which were both active and non-toxic should be further investigated including in vivo experiments to assess their efficacy.
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Carson SL, Kentatchime F, Sinai C, Van Dyne EA, Nana ED, Cole BL, Godwin HA. Health Challenges and Assets of Forest-Dependent Populations in Cameroon. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:287-297. [PMID: 31114945 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous populations often have poorer health outcomes than the general population. Marginalization, colonization, and migration from traditional lands have all affected traditional medicine usage, health access, and indigenous health equity. An in-depth understanding of health for specific populations is essential to develop actionable insights into contributing factors to poor indigenous health. To develop a more complete, nuanced understanding of indigenous health status, we conducted first-person interviews with both the indigenous Baka and neighboring Bantu villagers (the reference population in the region), as well as local clinicians in Southern Cameroon. These interviews elucidated perspectives on the most pressing challenges to health and assets to health for both groups, including access to health services, causes of illness, the uses and values of traditional versus modern medicine, and community resilience during severe health events. Baka interviewees, in particular, reported facing health challenges due to affordability and discrimination in public health centers, health effects due to migration from their traditional lands, and a lack of culturally appropriate public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna L Carson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Fabrice Kentatchime
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences - IBAY Sup, Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Van Dyne
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Djomo Nana
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences - IBAY Sup, Nkolbisson, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Brian L Cole
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hilary A Godwin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90039, USA
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Ayanlade O, Oyebisi T, Kolawole B. Health Information Technology Acceptance Framework for diabetes management. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01735. [PMID: 31193710 PMCID: PMC6539785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the level of acceptance of Health Information Technology (HIT) as tools for diabetes care and management, in six selected tertiary hospitals in southwestern zone of Nigeria. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study was conducted amongst selected healthcare stakeholders namely Nurses, Doctors, Laboratory Scientists, Pharmacists, ICT unit Professionals, Medical Record Officers, and Type-2 diabetes out-patients available in the designated hospitals. Adapting Technology Acceptance and Chronic Care Models, the level of HIT acceptance by the respondents in the study area was measured in terms of Perceived Ease-of-Use, Perceived Usefulness, and the Perceived Unintended Consequences relating to HIT, while also considering the roles of the government, community and healthcare organizations. One hundred and fifty (150) respondents were examined, each for both Staff and Patients, and the factor variables studied on a 5-point Likert rating scale of measurement from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The results revealed strong perception of Staff and Patients about HIT implementation and acceptance and showed that in some cases, the perception of Staff and patients about HIT acceptance are the same, while different in some. The study concluded that for acceptability of HIT, hospitals have to embark on 'continuous' training for the HIT users, so that users would familiarize themselves with the system, and it will be fully incorporated into their workflow. Based on the findings, a conceptual Health Information Technology Acceptance Framework for Chronic diseases' management, especially for diabetes mellitus was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.S. Ayanlade
- African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - T.O. Oyebisi
- African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation (AISPI), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - B.A. Kolawole
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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