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Guo R, Feng R, Yang J, Xiao Y, Yin C. Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between dietary habits and age at menarche. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8425. [PMID: 38600095 PMCID: PMC11006932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are essential in the mean age at menarche (AAM). However, the causal relationship between these factors remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the genetic relationship between dietary habits and AAM. Genetic summary statistics for dietary habits were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS summary data for AAM was obtained from the ReproGen Consortium. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to test genetic correlations between dietary habits and AAM. The Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses used the inverse-variance weighted method. Genetic correlations with AAM were identified for 29 candi-date dietary habits, such as milk type (skimmed, semi-skimmed, full cream; coefficient = 0.2704, Pldsc = 1.13 × 10-14). MR evaluations revealed that 19 dietary habits were associated with AAM, including bread type (white vs. any other; OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.28-2.29, Pmr = 3.20 × 10-4), tablespoons of cooked vegetables (OR 0.437, 95% CI 0.29-0.67; Pmr = 1.30 × 10-4), and cups of coffee per day (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.92, Pmr = 8.31 × 10-3). These results were observed to be stable under the sensitivity analysis. Our study provides potential insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying AAM and evidence that dietary habits are associated with AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruoyang Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, Shanxi, China.
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Li Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Gou M. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the toxic effects of dimethoate on green vegetable soya bean seedlings. Gene 2024; 891:147799. [PMID: 37739194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide dimethoate, an organophosphate, has been used on crops, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables since the 1960s and is considered one of the most widely used pesticides. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dimethoate in crops, especially crop seedlings, is still limited. The green vegetable soya bean (Glycine max merr) is usually used as a vegetable-like fruit of soybean in many Asian countries. This study aimed to analyze the effect of dimethoate on the growth of green vegetable soya bean seedlings at the metabolic and transcriptional levels. An integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome was performed to determine the responses of green vegetable soya bean seedlings to different concentrations (D1 for low dose, D2 for high dose and C for control) of dimethoate. In omics analyses, 4156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1935 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the D1/C comparison, and 11,162 DEGs and 819 DAMs were identified in D2/C. Correlation analyses revealed dimethoate affected the metabolic pathways of green vegetable soya beans such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and microbial metabolism in diverse environmental pathways, demonstrating that even small doses of dimethoate can affect green vegetable soya bean seedlings in a short period of time. Our study further enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which green vegetable soya beans are treated with dimethoate and provides a deeper understanding of the effects of dimethoate on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Gong H, Hu J, Rui X, Luo J, Zhu N. Unveiling the occurrence, distribution, removal, and environmental impacts of 65 emerging contaminants in neglected fresh leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132355. [PMID: 37651937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are commonly found in environmental media. Yet leachate from municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWIPs), which can serve as a reservoir for various contaminants, including ECs, has received little investigation. To address this gap, 65 ECs were analyzed in the fresh leachate and biological effluent from three major MSWIPs in Shanghai. Results indicated that over half (56%) of the 65 ECs were detected in fresh leachate. Different ECs would be removed to varying degrees after biological treatment, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (65%), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (51%), phthalate esters (PAEs) (36%), and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (34%). Notably, for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a PBDE substitute, only 2% was removed after biological treatment, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were effectively removed at 83%. Water solubility and the octanol-water partition coefficient are key factors influencing the distribution and removal of ECs in leachate. the effluent will still contain refractory ECs even after the biological treatment. These residual ECs discharged to sewers can impact wastewater treatment plants or contaminate surface water and groundwater. These findings provide insights into the leachate contamination by ECs, their environmental fate, factors affecting their behavior, and potential environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Rui
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Wu G, Zhang C, Liu C, Li X, Cai Y, Wang M, Chu D, Liu L, Meng T, Chen Z. Magnetic tubular nickel@silica-graphene nanocomposites with high preconcentration capacity for organothiophosphate pesticide removal in environmental water: Fabrication, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and trace detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131788. [PMID: 37302192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organothiophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most common water contaminants, significantly endangering human health and bringing serious public safety issues. Thus, developing effective technologies for the removal or trace detection of OPPs from water is urgent. Herein, a novel graphene-based silica-coated core-shell tubular magnetic nanocomposite (Ni@SiO2-G) was fabricated for the first time and used for the efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of the OPPs chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fenitrothion from environmental water. The experimental factors affecting extraction efficiency such as adsorbent dosage, extraction time, desorption solvent, desorption mode, desorption time, and adsorbent type were evaluated. The synthesized Ni@SiO2-G nanocomposites showed a higher preconcentration capacity than the Ni nanotubes, Ni@SiO2 nanotubes, and graphene. Under the optimized conditions, 5 mg of tubular nano-adsorbent displayed good linearity within the range of 0.1-1 μg·mL-1, low limits of detection (0.04-0.25 pg·mL-1), low limits of quantification (0.132-0.834 pg·mL-1), good reusability (n = 5; relative standard deviations between 1.46% and 9.65%), low dosage (5 mg), and low real detection concentration (< 3.0 ng·mL-1). Moreover, the possible interaction mechanism was investigated by density functional theory calculation. Results showed that Ni@SiO2-G was a potential magnetic material for the preconcentration and extraction of formed OPPs at ultra-trace levels from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Deqiang Chu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Dong C, Huang Y, Hu J. Occurrence and safety assessment of 18 frequently registered pesticides and their metabolites on cucumbers in open field and greenhouse in China. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Silipunyo T, Huang H, Yin Q, Han B, Wang M. Risk Assessment of Triflumezopyrim and Imidacloprid in Rice through an Evaluation of Residual Data. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175685. [PMID: 36080451 PMCID: PMC9458175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triflumezopyrim, a novel mesoionic insecticide used to control planthoppers, is a potential substitute for imidacloprid. In this study, triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid residues in rice were determined using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification of both triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid was 0.01 mg kg−1, and the average recovery values were 94–104% and 91–106%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.1–1.4% and 2.1–3.4% (n = 5), respectively. The consumer protection level was assessed by calculating the theoretical maximum daily intake using the reported maximum residue limits of triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid. The established method was successfully applied to 200 commercial rice samples collected from four provinces in China, and their potential public health risks were assessed using triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid residues. The risk associated with triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid dietary intake was assessed by calculating the national estimated short-term intake and the acute reference dose percentage (%ARfD). The results show that the theoretical maximum daily intake (NEDI) values of triflumezopyrim and imidacloprid in different age and gender groups were 0.219–0.543 and 0.377–0.935 μg kg−1 d−1 bw, and the risk quotient (RQ) values were 0.188–0.467% and 0.365–0.906%, respectively. The acute reference dose (%ARfD) of triflumezopyrim and imidaclopridin ranged from 0.615 to 0.998% and from 0.481 to 0.780%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Meiran Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Thiphavanh Silipunyo
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Plant Protection Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Haizhu Huang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qingchun Yin
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (M.W.)
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Wu Y, Fan Q, Chen Y, Sun X, Shi G. Production and Selection of Antibody–Antigen Pairs for the Development of Immunoenzyme Assay and Lateral Flow Immunoassay Methods for Carbofuran and Its Analogues. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080560. [PMID: 35892457 PMCID: PMC9332470 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To produce a sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the simultaneous detection of carbofuran, benfuracarb, carbosulfan and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranmethanamine (DDB) was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prepare the immunogen DDB-BSA and mice were immunized. Coating antigens were prepared by conjugating DDB and 5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetic acid (MDA) to BSA and ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. Furthermore, the effect of different antibody–antigen pairs on the sensitivity of ELISA and LFIA methods for the detection of carbofuran was investigated. After the immunization, a high-affinity mAb 13C8 was obtained. The ability of the coating antigen to compete with carbofuran for binding antibodies was found to be significantly different between ELISA and LFIA methods. With the antibody–antigen pair 13C8-MDA-OVA, the IC50 values of the ELISA and QD-LFIA methods for carbofuran were 0.18 ng/mL and 0.67 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivity (CR) values of the two methods for benfuracarb, carbosulfan and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran ranged from 72.0% to 83.7%, while, for other carbamate pesticides, the CR values were less than 1%. The spiked recoveries of carbofuran in vegetables by the QD-LFIA method were 83–111%, with a coefficient of variation below 10%, and the test results of the actual samples were consistent with the HPLC-MS method. Overall, this study provides key materials for the development of immunoassays for carbofuran and its analogues, and the antibody–antigen pair selection strategy established in this study provides useful insights for the development of sensitive immunoassays for other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
- Shandong Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yinuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Guoqing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.F.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (G.S.)
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Zhang C, Li Y, Luo Y, Wang X, He H, Jiang J, Fang N, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang Q. Residue and Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid and Chlorantraniliprole in Open Field and Greenhouse Celery. J Food Prot 2022; 85:835-843. [PMID: 35468197 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The residue levels and risk assessment of imidacloprid (IMI) and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) in celery grown under open field and greenhouse cultivation were investigated. Both pesticides were used through foliar application and soil drench application at the recommended dose (RD) and 10-fold recommended dose (10RD). The half-lives of IMI and CAP in celery were 1.9 to 5.8 days and 4.3 to 6.5 days after foliar application, respectively, and the dietary risk quotients of IMI and CAP were 14.8 to 18.3% and 1.0 to 1.2%, respectively. For soil drench application, the half-lives of IMI and CAP in soil were 17.5 to 28.5 days and 15.1 to 23.7 days, respectively. Celery plants were able to absorb both insecticides from the soil. The highest concentrations of IMI in celery plants were 0.12 to 0.24 mg kg-1 (RD) and 0.34 to 0.39 mg kg-1 (10RD), and those for CAP were 0.0081 to 0.015 mg kg-1 (RD) and 0.028 to 0.057 mg kg-1 (10RD). Based on the highest residues of IMI and CAP in celery, the dietary risk quotients of IMI and CAP were 15.0% (RD) to 15.6% (10RD) and 1.0% (RD and 10RD) after soil drench application, respectively. The observed bioconcentration factors were 1.38 to 2.11 (IMI) and 0.35 to 0.48 (CAP), indicating that celery accumulated IMI more easily than CAP. The foliar and soil applications of IMI and CAP in celery at the RD and 10RD do not pose a safety risk to consumers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei He
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition/Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
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