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Stjernbrandt A. Colloidal silver ingestion and severe anemia - A case report. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:270-272. [PMID: 37767535 PMCID: PMC10520504 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colloidal silver ingestion as an alternative medicine treatment is becoming more common. This case report describes a patient with potential silver poisoning and severe anemia. Case description A woman in her late sixties was transported to the emergency department because of progressive fatigue and nausea. She had been drinking 150 µg of colloidal silver daily for two to three weeks. Blood sampling revealed severe anemia (red blood cell count 48 g/L) and a whole-blood silver concentration of 20 µg/L. Liver function tests were abnormal and there were signs of incipient heart failure with increased pro-brain natriuretic peptide, troponin T, as well as pleural effusion. She was stabilized with blood transfusion and symptomatic treatment, to be discharged from the hospital after ten days. The patient improved over the following six weeks and the whole-blood silver concentration decreased to 3.3 µg/L after about three months. Conclusions The case demonstrates the potential effects of silver intake on the hematopoietic, hepatic, and cardiovascular systems. This highlights the possible risks associated with emerging alternative medicine therapies.
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Railean V, Buszewska-Forajta M, Rodzik A, Gołębiowski A, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. In Vivo Efficacy of Wound Healing under External (Bio)AgNCs Treatment: Localization Case Study in Liver and Blood Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010434. [PMID: 36613874 PMCID: PMC9820314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on the in vivo application of (Bio)silver nanocomposite formulations (LBPC-AgNCs) on wound healing. Additionally, the present study emphasizes the limited uptake of silver by liver and blood tissues as well as the high viability of PBMCs following external LBPC-AgNCs treatment. The wound closure was monitored via stereoscopic microscope, a localization case study in liver and blood tissue was carried out by (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometers (ICP/MS), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) viability was determined via flow cytometry technique. The silver formulation was applied externally on the site of the wound infection for a period of ten days. At the beginning of the experiment, a moderate decrease in body weight and atypical behavior was observed. However, during the last period of the experiment, no abnormal mouse behaviors were noticed. The wound-healing process took place in a gradual manner, presenting the regeneration effect at around 30% from the fourth day. From the seventh day, the wounds treated with the silver formulation showed 80% of the wound healing potential. The viability of PBMCs was found to be 97%, whereas the concentrations of silver in the liver and blood samples were determined to be 0.022 µg/g and 9.3 µg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the present report becomes a pilot study in transferring from in vitro to in vivo scale (e.g., medical field application) once LBPC-AgNCs have demonstrated a unique wound healing potential as well as a non-toxic effect on the liver and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Railean
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 1 Lwowska St., 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics, and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rodzik
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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The antibacterial effect of silver anode treatment on raw milk. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu L, An X, Schaefer M, Yan B, de la Torre C, Hillmer S, Gladkich J, Herr I. Nanosilver inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer by inducing a paraptosis-like mixed type of cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113511. [PMID: 36076598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver has been in clinical use since ancient times and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention in cancer therapy. We investigated the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). AgNPs were synthesized and 3 human PDAC and 2 nonmalignant primary cell lines were treated with AgNPs. MTT, MAPK, colony, spheroid and scratch assays, Western blotting, TEM, annexin V, 7-AAD, and H2DCFDA staining, FACS analysis, mRNA array and bioinformatics analyses, tumor xenograft transplantation, and immunohistochemistry of the treated cells were performed. We found that minimal AgNPs amounts selectively eradicated PDAC cells within a few hours. AgNPs inhibited cell migration and spheroid and colony formation, damaged mitochondria, and induced paraptosis-like cell death with the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, dilation of the ER and mitochondria, ROS formation, MAPK activity, and p62 and LC3b expression, whereas effects on the nucleus, DNA fragmentation, or caspases were not detectable. AgNPs strongly decreased tumor xenograft growth without side effects and reduced the expression of markers for proliferation and DNA repair, but upregulated paraptosis markers. The results highlight nanosilver as complementary agent to improve the therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - XueFeng An
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bin Yan
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Microarray Analytics - NPGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhang W, Van Devener B, Bunch TD, Zhou A, Isom SC. In-situ characterization of porcine fibroblasts in response to silver ions by Raman spectroscopy and liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy. Talanta 2022; 246:123522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hypothetical Mechanism of Skin Argyria. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Argyria is an acquired skin condition that appears after the exposure or consumption of silver, leading to blue or grey coloration of the skin and mucosa. The aim of the present work was to draw researchers’ attention to two aspects of the argyria that until now have not received enough consideration. They are: (1) the process of delivering silver compound from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin and (2) the possibility for silver chloride to participate in this process along with the silver proteinates. Methodology. Illustrative experiments included the observation of color change (visual and using UV-Vis spectrometry) under different light exposure conditions of silver chloride sol in a sweat-simulating solution, in vials and under pig skin (in direct contact). Results and Discussion. A hypothetical mechanism based on a perspiration system for delivering the silver compounds from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin for argyria was proposed. It was also proposed not to completely exclude the partial participation of silver chloride along with the silver proteinates in this process.
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Chow N, Fain K, Truitt J, Stetson C. Systemic argyria with severe anemia (hemoglobin 2.4 g/L). Proc AMIA Symp 2022; 35:382-384. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.2022369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Chow
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Kristen Fain
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jay Truitt
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Cloyce Stetson
- Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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Nayak VV, Tovar N, Hacquebord JH, Duarte S, Panariello BHD, Tonon C, Atria PJ, Coelho PG, Witek L. Physiochemical and bactericidal activity evaluation: Silver-augmented 3D-printed scaffolds-An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:195-209. [PMID: 34196107 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Injuries requiring resection of tissue followed by autogenous bone transfer may be prone to infection by Staphylococcus aureus, impeding recovery and increasing medical costs. For critical sized defects, the common approach to reconstruction is a tissue transfer procedure but is subject to limitations (e.g., donor site morbidity, cost, operating time). Utilizing beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as bone grafting material augmented with silver (Ag), a custom graft may be 3D printed to overcome limitations and minimize potential infections. EXPERIMENTS Scaffolds were 3D printed and augmented with Ag by external attack on the surface by silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) at varying concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10% wt/wt of scaffold). The augmented scaffolds were evaluated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to verify the presence of Ag and phosphate (PO4 ) groups followed by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to gather information of chemical and physical properties. Preliminary biocompatibility and bactericidal capacity of the scaffolds were tested using human osteoprogenitor (hOP) cells and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strain, respectively. RESULTS XRD, FTIR, ICP-MS, TGA, and DSC confirmed presence of Ag and PO4 groups, whereas electron microscopy showed a decrease in Ca and an increase in Ag ions, decreasing Ca/P ratio with increasing surfactant concentrations. PrestoBlue assays yielded an increase in fluorescence cell counts among experimental groups with lower concentrations of Ag characterized by their characteristic trapezoidal shape whereas cytotoxicity was observed at higher concentrations. Similar observations were made with alkaline phosphatase assays. Antimicrobial evaluation showed reduced colony-forming units (CFU) among all experimental groups when compared to 100% β-TCP. β-TCP scaffolds augmented with Ag ions facilitate antibacterial effects while promoting osteoblast adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacques Henri Hacquebord
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Caroline Tonon
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Pablo J Atria
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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An X, Liu L, Schaefer M, Yan B, Scholz C, Hillmer S, Wang K, Luo Y, Ji H, Gladkich J, Herr I. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Prevents Side Effects of Therapeutic Nanosilver without Compromising Cytotoxicity in Experimental Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4770. [PMID: 34638256 PMCID: PMC8507678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention in cancer therapy and might support the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Silver is in clinical use in wound dressings, catheters, stents and implants. However, the side effects of systemic AgNP treatment due to silver accumulation limit its therapeutic application. We evaluated whether the antioxidant and natural agent α-lipoic acid might prevent these side effects. We synthesized AgNPs using an Ionic-Pulser® Pro silver generator and determined the concentration by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The effect of α-lipoic acid was examined in four PDAC and two nonmalignant cell lines by MTT, FACS analysis, TEM, xenotransplantation and immunohistochemistry. The viability of PDAC cells was nearly totally abolished by AgNP treatment, whereas nonmalignant cells largely resisted. α-Lipoic acid prevented AgNP-induced cytotoxicity in nonmalignant cells but not in PDAC cells, which might be due to the higher sensitivity of malignant cells to silver-induced cytotoxicity. α-Lipoic acid protected mitochondria from AgNP-induced damage and led to precipitation of AgNPs. AgNPs reduced the growth of tumor xenografts, and cotreatment with α-lipoic acid protected chick embryos from AgNP-induced liver damage. Together, α-lipoic acid strongly reduced AgNP-induced side effects without weakening the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng An
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Christian Scholz
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Kangtao Wang
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Yiqiao Luo
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Huihui Ji
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Jury Gladkich
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, Molecular OncoSurgery, Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.A.); (L.L.); (M.S.); (B.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (H.J.); (J.G.)
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Portman D, Werner A, Donovan KA. Blue Facial Discoloration during Advanced Cancer and a Pandemic. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:e328-e332. [PMID: 33872722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Portman
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Amanda Werner
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kristine A Donovan
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Supportive Care Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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11
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Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102086. [PMID: 34068024 PMCID: PMC8152497 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyria encompasses the different cosmetic alterations that can develop if enough silver particles deposit in a specific tissue, typically in the skin, ranging from localized dark-blue macules to a generalized slate-gray/bluish tinge following systemic absorption. This work aims to fully review the state of the art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and relevant clinical and forensic features of argyria. Argyria has been diagnosed in a wide range of ages, both sexes and varied ethnicities, with no known individual predisposing factors. Ultraviolet radiation with subsequence increases of melanin production aggravates the discoloration due to a reduction in the silver deposits. Physical examination and silver exposure in the anamnesis can be highly suggestive of the diagnosis, but a histopathological analysis with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy is required to unequivocally determine the discoloration etiology. Safe and effective treatment has only been accomplished with laser techniques, though only a few cases have been reported and with limited follow-up time. In conclusion, argyria typically has an occupational or iatrogenic etiology. It should be suspected when a patient presents with typical skin or eye lesions. A seemingly viable treatment modality, with laser technology, is finally within the horizon.
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Salleh A, Naomi R, Utami ND, Mohammad AW, Mahmoudi E, Mustafa N, Fauzi MB. The Potential of Silver Nanoparticles for Antiviral and Antibacterial Applications: A Mechanism of Action. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1566. [PMID: 32784939 PMCID: PMC7466543 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of nanotechnology has been in high demand, especially for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) since they have been proven to be useful in various fields such as medicine, textiles, and household appliances. AgNPs are very important because of their unique physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, with a myriad of activities that are applicable in various fields, including wound care management. This review aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AgNPs that are responsible for their antiviral properties and their antibacterial activity towards the microorganisms. AgNPs can be synthesized through three different methods-physical, chemical, and biological synthesis-as indicated in this review. The applications and limitations of the AgNPs such as their cytotoxicity towards humans and the environment, will be discussed. Based on the literature search obtained, the properties of AgNPs scrutinizing the antibacterial or antiviral effect shown different interaction towards bacteria which dependent on the synthesis processes followed by the morphological structure of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Salleh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ruth Naomi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nike Dewi Utami
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Norlaila Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Rogers KR, Henson TE, Navratilova J, Surette M, Hughes MF, Bradham KD, Stefaniak AB, Knepp AK, Bowers L. In vitro intestinal toxicity of commercially available spray disinfectant products advertised to contain colloidal silver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138611. [PMID: 32344222 PMCID: PMC7786200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of colloidal silver-containing products as dietary supplements, immune boosters and surface disinfectants has increased in recent years which has elevated the potential for human exposure to silver nanoparticles and ions. Product mislabeling and long-term use of these products may put consumers at risk for adverse health outcomes including argyria. This study assessed several physical and chemical characteristics of five commercial products as well as their cytotoxicity using a rat intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) model. Concentrations of silver were determined for both the soluble and particulate fractions of the products. Primary particle size distribution and elemental composition were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Hydrodynamic diameters were measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effect of gastrointestinal (GI) simulation on the colloidal silver products was determined using two systems. First, physical and chemical changes of the silver nanoparticles in these products was assessed after exposure to Synthetic Stomach Fluid (SSF) resulting in particle agglomeration, and the appearance of AgCl on the surfaces and between particles. IEC-6 cells were exposed for 24 h to dilutions of the products and assessed for cell viability. The products were also treated with a three-stage simulated GI system (stomach and intestinal fluids) prior to exposure of the IEC-6 cells to the isolated silver nanoparticles. Cell viability was affected by each of the consumer products. Based on the silver nitrate and commercial silver nanoparticle dose response, the cytotoxicity for each of the colloidal silver products was attributed to the particulate silver, soluble silver or non‑silver matrix constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Rogers
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Taylor E Henson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States; Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States
| | - Jana Navratilova
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States
| | - Mark Surette
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States
| | - Michael F Hughes
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States
| | - Karen D Bradham
- Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, RTP, NC 27711, United States
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Alycia K Knepp
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Lauren Bowers
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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Simon M, Buchanan JA. Argyria, an Unexpected Case of Skin Discoloration From Colloidal Silver Salt Ingestion. J Emerg Med 2020; 59:e39-e41. [PMID: 32591303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Argyria is a rare condition characterized by gray/blue dislocation of the skin caused by chronic exposure to silver salts. CASE REPORT We review the case of an 81-year-old man who presented to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident, was incidentally found to have skin discoloration, and was ultimately diagnosed with argyria. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Although most emergency physicians will not complete a toxicology fellowship, all emergency physicians are on the front line of toxicological presentations and should be able to recognize argyria and differentiate this condition from other causes of skin discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Simon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
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15
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Weiss E, Streight KL, Rizk CB, Markus R. Side-by-side Comparison of a Picosecond 755-nm Alexandrite Laser and a Quality-switched 1064-nm Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in the Treatment of Argyria. Cureus 2019; 11:e5206. [PMID: 31423404 PMCID: PMC6692100 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyria is a rare but cosmetically distressing and difficult-to-treat condition for which quality-switched (Q-switched) lasers have been most commonly employed. However, at least one previous report suggests that the picosecond alexandrite laser may also serve as a successful treatment modality. Herein, we present a side-by-side comparison of a picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser and a Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in the treatment of argyria. Our results reveal an equivalent success of the picosecond alexandrite when compared to the more commonly employed Q-switched Nd:YAG, suggesting that the picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser is equally effective in the treatment of argyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Weiss
- Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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16
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Mohan N, Gomez C, Khawar N, Narula P, John M. Colloidal Silver Ingestion Associated with Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in an Adolescent Female. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:730-734. [PMID: 31118408 PMCID: PMC6543947 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.915499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 19 Final Diagnosis: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Symptoms: Fatigue • joint • pain • muscle • pain • pruritis • rash Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Dermatology
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Mohan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Christina Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nayaab Khawar
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Pramod Narula
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Minnie John
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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17
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Su Y, Wang H, Mishra B, Lakshmaiah Narayana J, Jiang J, Reilly DA, Hollins RR, Carlson MA, Wang G, Xie J. Nanofiber Dressings Topically Delivering Molecularly Engineered Human Cathelicidin Peptides for the Treatment of Biofilms in Chronic Wounds. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2011-2020. [PMID: 30916573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms of multidrug-resistant bacteria in chronic wounds pose a great challenge in wound care. Herein, we report the topical delivery of molecularly engineered antimicrobial peptides using electrospun nanofiber dressings as a carrier for the treatment of biofilms of multidrug-resistant bacteria in diabetic wounds. Molecularly engineered human cathelicidin peptide 17BIPHE2 was successfully encapsulated in the core of pluronic F127/17BIPHE2-PCL core-shell nanofibers. The in vitro release profiles of 17BIPHE2 showed an in initial burst followed by a sustained release over 4 weeks. The peptide nanofiber formulations effectively killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300. Similarly, the 17BIPHE2 peptide containing nanofibers could also effectively kill other bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae (104 to 106 CFU) and Acinetobacter baumannii (104 to 107 CFU) clinical strains in vitro without showing evident cytotoxicity to skin cells and monocytes. Importantly, 17BIPHE2-containing nanofiber dressings without debridement caused five-magnitude decreases of the MRSA USA300 CFU in a biofilm-containing chronic wound model based on type II diabetic mice. In combination with debridement, 17BIPHE2-containing nanofiber dressings could completely eliminate the biofilms, providing one possible solution to chronic wound treatment. Taken together, the biodegradable nanofiber-based wound dressings developed in this study can be utilized to effectively deliver molecularly engineered peptides to treat biofilm-containing chronic wounds.
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18
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Konop M, Kłodzińska E, Borowiec J, Laskowska AK, Czuwara J, Konieczka P, Cieślik B, Waraksa E, Rudnicka L. Application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for detection of silver nanoparticles released from wound dressing. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1565-1572. [PMID: 30848499 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in case of silver nanoparticles. Dressings containing silver form the basis for the treatment of burns and wounds, either acute or chronic ones. The aim of the study was to examine silver release from the different wound dressings: commercially available (Atrauman Ag, Aquacel Ag) and experimental (FKDP-AgNPs) using MEKC. In order to characterize prepared keratin based wound dressing before and after its modification with AgNPs, a compositional analysis was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nanosilver toxicity was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4 sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium test. Silver release from wound dressings was assessed using MEKC. The best separation was observed for MEKC in 20 mM borate buffer at pH 9 with 20 mM SDS addition. In vitro studies showed silver at higher concentration than 10 ppm exerted a toxic effect on fibroblasts isolated from diabetic mice versus. NIH/3T3 and BJ cell lines (p < 0.05). We observed silver was released more gradually from experimental FKDP-AgNPs wound dressing, in compare to commercially available wound dressings. The fast and low-cost method utilizing MEKC can be used in clinical practice to detect silver release from the wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Borowiec
- College of Physical Science and Technology, and Sino-British Materials Research, Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Anna Katarzyna Laskowska
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Cieślik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Waraksa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Keung YK, Wang T, Hong-Lung Hu E. Acute myeloid leukemia with complex cytogenetic abnormalities associated with long-term use of oral colloidal silver as nutritional supplement – Case report and review of literature. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 26:212-215. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155219832966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia with complex cytogenetic abnormalities suggestive of preexisting myelodysplastic syndrome in a patient with habitual ingestion of colloidal silver as nutritional supplement for over 10 years and the medical literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kong Keung
- UCLA Hematology-Oncology Clinic Alhambra, Alhambra, USA
| | - Tina Wang
- UCLA Hematology-Oncology Clinic Alhambra, Alhambra, USA
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20
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Medici S, Peana M, Nurchi VM, Zoroddu MA. Medical Uses of Silver: History, Myths, and Scientific Evidence. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5923-5943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria M. Nurchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Drug-induced pigmentation accounts for up to 20% of all cases of acquired pigmentation. A thorough review of medical history and previous and ongoing medications as well as a complete skin examination can guide diagnosis. Implicated agents include alkylating/cytotoxic agents, analgesics, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antimalarials, antimicrobials, antiretrovirals, metals, prostaglandin analogs, and psychotropic agents, among others. Confirming true drug associations can be challenging, especially in the setting of delayed onset of pigmentation and coexisting polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Nahhas
- Department of Dermatology, Beaumont-Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Blvd., Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Taylor L Braunberger
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Blvd., Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Blvd., Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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22
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Barik BK, Mishra M. Nanoparticles as a potential teratogen: a lesson learnt from fruit fly. Nanotoxicology 2018; 13:258-284. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1530393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedanta Kumar Barik
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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23
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Shevtsov MA, Yudintceva NM, Blinova MI, Voronkina IV, Suslov DN, Galibin OV, Gavrilov DV, Akkaoui M, Raykhtsaum G, Albul AV, Pitkin E, Pitkin M. Evaluation of the temporary effect of physical vapor deposition silver coating on resistance to infection in transdermal skin and bone integrated pylon with deep porosity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:169-177. [PMID: 29573163 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic infection via skin-implant interface is a leading cause of failures and revisions in direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses. Implants with deep porosity fabricated with skin and bone integrated pylons (SBIP) technology allow for skin ingrowth through the implant's structure creating natural barrier against infection. However, until the skin cells remodel in all pores of the implant, additional care is required to prevent from entering bacteria to the still nonoccupied pores. Temporary silver coating was evaluated in this work as a means to provide protection from infection immediately after implantation followed by dissolution of silver layer in few weeks. A sputtering coating with 1 µm thickness was selected to be sufficient for fighting infection until the deep ingrowth of skin in the porous structure of the pylon is completed. In vitro study showed less bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) growth on silver coated tablets compared to the control group. Analysis of cellular density of MG-63 cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed that silver coating did not inhibit the cell growth on the implants and did not affect cellular functional activity. The in vivo study did not show any postoperative complications during the 6-month observation period in the model of above-knee amputation in rabbits when SBIP implants, either silver-coated or untreated were inserted into the bone residuum. Three-phase scintigraphy demonstrated angiogenesis in the pores of the pylons. The findings suggest that a silver coating with well-chosen specifications can increase the safety of porous implants for direct skeletal attachment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 169-177, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia.,Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia M Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Miralda I Blinova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Voronkina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Suslov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg V Galibin
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Gavrilov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey V Albul
- Veterinary Clinic "Neurology, Traumatology and Intensive Therapy of Doctor Sotnikov V.V.,", St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Emil Pitkin
- Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Pitkin
- Poly-Orth International, Sharon, Massachusetts.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Priyadarshini E, Rawat K, Prasad T, Bohidar HB. Antifungal efficacy of Au@ carbon dots nanoconjugates against opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:355-361. [PMID: 29335197 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we have investigated the toxicological effect of a novel hydrophilic nanoconjugate gold@carbon dot (Au@CD) and carbon dots (CDs) on the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. A homogenous experimental analysis was conducted for determining the toxicity of Au@CDs nanoconjugates of five different sizes ranging from 22 ± 2 to 35 ± 3 nm prepared using the carbon dots of mean hydrodynamic radius 12 ± 1 nm. The smallest size of nanoconjugate was synthesized using 0.3 mg ml-1 HAuCl4 precursor. Our study for the first time, conclusively establishes the size-dependent toxicity effect of these characterized nanoconjugates against the abovementioned fungal pathogen. The MIC80 value of smaller sized Au@CDs nanoconjugates, S1-S3 samples were 250, 500 and 500 μg ml-1, respectively, while nanoconjugates of Rh diameter greater than 30 nm (S4 and S5 samples) did not show any toxicity. The results thus demonstrate that alteration in composition (carbon vs Au@CDs) exhibits a profound effect on the susceptibility of Candida albicans cells. While a size-dependent toxicity was observed for the nanoconjugates, CDs were found to be quite toxic owing to their small size which facilitated their entry into the cells and challenged the biocompatibility of carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Advanced Instrument Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - H B Bohidar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Special Centre for Nano Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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25
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Rodriguez V, Romaguera RL, Heidecker B. Silver-Containing Wound Cream Leading to Argyria-Always Ask About Alternative Health Products. Am J Med 2017; 130:e145-e146. [PMID: 28159181 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodriguez
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Rita L Romaguera
- Department of Pathology, Bruce W. Carter Miami Veteran Affairs Hospital, Fla
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26
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Abstract
Implant-associated infections remain a major issue in orthopaedics and antimicrobial functionalization of the implant surface by antibiotics or other anti-infective agents have gained interest. The goal of this article is to identify antimicrobial coatings, for which clinical data are available and to review their clinical need, safety profile, and their efficacy to reduce infection rates. PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine was searched for clinical studies on antimicrobial coated implants for internal fracture fixation devices and endoprostheses for bone surgery, for which study design, level of evidence, biocompatibility, development of resistance, and effectiveness to reduce infection rates were analyzed. Four different coating technologies were identified: gentamicin poly(d, l-lactide) coating for tibia nails, one high (MUTARS®) and one low amount silver (Agluna) technology for tumor endoprostheses, and one povidone-iodine coating for titanium implants. There was a total of 9 published studies with 435 patients, of which 7 studies were case series (level IV evidence) and 2 studies were case control studies (level III evidence). All technologies were reported with good systemic and local biocompatibility, except the development of local argyria with blue to bluish grey skin discoloration after the use of silver MUTARS® megaendoprostheses. For the local use of gentamicin, there is contradictory data on the risk of emergence of gentamicin-resistance strains, a risk that does not seem to exist for silver and iodine based technologies. Regarding reduction of infection rates, one case control study showed a significant reduction of infection rates by Agluna silver coated tumor endoprostheses. Based on socio-economic data, there is a strong need for improvement of infection prevention and treatment strategies, including implant coatings, in fracture care, primary and revision arthroplasty, and bone tumor surgery. The reviewed gentamicin, silver Agluna, and povidone-iodine technologies have shown a good risk benefit ratio for patients. Further data from randomized control trials are desirable, although this will remain challenging in the context of infection prevention due to the required large sample size of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Campus Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, Germany.
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27
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Gülseren D, Arzberger E, Cerroni L, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Richtig E. Reflectance confocal microscopy and dermatopathologic findings of cutaneous argyria after colloidal silver ingestion. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:e178-e179. [PMID: 27527367 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gülseren
- Department of Dermatology, Polatlı State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Arzberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - E Richtig
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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28
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Gallo J, Panacek A, Prucek R, Kriegova E, Hradilova S, Hobza M, Holinka M. Silver Nanocoating Technology in the Prevention of Prosthetic Joint Infection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E337. [PMID: 28773461 PMCID: PMC5503077 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a feared complication of total joint arthroplasty associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is a growing body of evidence that bacterial colonization and biofilm formation are critical pathogenic events in PJI. Thus, the choice of biomaterials for implanted prostheses and their surface modifications may significantly influence the development of PJI. Currently, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) technology is receiving much interest in the field of orthopaedics for its antimicrobial properties and a strong anti-biofilm potential. The great advantage of AgNP surface modification is a minimal release of active substances into the surrounding tissue and a long period of effectiveness. As a result, a controlled release of AgNPs could ensure antibacterial protection throughout the life of the implant. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of AgNPs may be strengthened in combination with conventional antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. Here, our main attention is devoted to general guidelines for the design of antibacterial biomaterials protected by AgNPs, its benefits, side effects and future perspectives in PJI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Panacek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Prucek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarka Hradilova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hobza
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Holinka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
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29
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Abarca-Buis RF, Munguía NM, Gonzalez JMM, Solís-Arrieta L, y Osorio LS, Krötzsch E. Silver from polyurethane dressing is delivered by gradient to exudate, tissue, and serum of patients undergoing negative-pressure wound treatment. Adv Skin Wound Care 2015; 27:156-62. [PMID: 24637649 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000444849.71374.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and concentration of silver eluted from silver-coated polyurethane dressing (V.A.C. GranuFoam Silver Dressing; KCI, San Antonio, Texas) in vitro and in patients undergoing negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). DESIGN This was a descriptive study of the effect of silver-coated polyurethane dressing in patients undergoing NPWT. PARTICIPANTS Six patients with infected wounds undergoing NPWT using silver-coated polyurethane dressing. INTERVENTIONS To evaluate silver release in vitro, the authors soaked dressing fragments in water and human serum for different lengths of time and performed atomic absorption spectroscopy. For patient evaluation, the authors obtained exudate, serum, and wound tissue at different time points from 6 patients undergoing NPWT and measured silver levels by atomic absorption and dispersed x-ray spectroscopy. MAIN RESULTS Silver from the dressing was immediately released in vitro at a rate 3 times greater in serum than in water. In vivo, silver was delivered to wound exudate at rates 102 to 104 times greater than in corresponding serum. Few surface silver deposits were detected in treated tissue. CONCLUSION The high concentration of silver found in wound exudate reflects not only the affinity for silver in serum components and wound fluids, but also that most silver ions are not distributed systemically in the patient; instead, they are transported by the vacuum created by therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- René F Abarca-Buis
- René F. Abarca-Buis, PhD, is a Medical Science Researcher, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Nadia M. Munguía, BSc, is a Chemist, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Juan Manuel Melchor Gonzalez, MD, is a Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios, Estado de Mexico. Lilia Solís-Arrieta, MSc, is a Microscopist, Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Liliana Saldivar y Osorio, PhD, is Chairman, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Edgar Krötzsch, PhD, is Chairman, Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City. Acknowledgments: The authors thank Deepak Kilpadi, PhD, MBA, for a critical review of the manuscript, and Orna Wiseman from Write Science Right for English translation and editorial review. The authors have disclosed that they have no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted December 12, 2012; accepted in revised form May 8, 2013
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30
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Abstract
Silver compounds are increasingly used in medical applications and consumer products. Confusion exists over the benefits and hazards associated with silver compounds. In this article, the biochemistry and physiology of silver are reviewed with emphasis on the use of silver for wound care.
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31
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Burgert JM. Argyria resulting from chronic use of colloidal silver in a patient presenting for colonoscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:73-5. [PMID: 25611524 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An elderly male with a history of argyria caused by chronic ingestion of colloidal silver presented for elective colonoscopy. The patient's skin was a profound blue-gray color that caused concern among staff until his condition was identified through his medical and medication history. Colonoscopy and anesthesia proceeded without incident. The anesthetic management concerns include differentiating argyria from hypoxemia and other pathologies with similar appearance and clearly communicating the patient's history of argyria to follow-on caregivers to prevent unneeded diagnostic or interventional procedures. It is also important for caregivers to understand that the altered skin pigmentation of argyria does not interfere with pulse oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Burgert
- From the U.S. Army Graduate Program in Anesthesia Nursing, U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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Vazquez-Muñoz R, Avalos-Borja M, Castro-Longoria E. Ultrastructural analysis of Candida albicans when exposed to silver nanoparticles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108876. [PMID: 25290909 PMCID: PMC4188582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans, and recently some studies have reported the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some Candida species. However, ultrastructural analyses on the interaction of AgNPs with these microorganisms have not been reported. In this work we evaluated the effect of AgNPs on C. albicans, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to have a fungicidal effect. The IC50 was also determined, and the use of AgNPs with fluconazole (FLC), a fungistatic drug, reduced cell proliferation. In order to understand how AgNPs interact with living cells, the ultrastructural distribution of AgNPs in this fungus was determined. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a high accumulation of AgNPs outside the cells but also smaller nanoparticles (NPs) localized throughout the cytoplasm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence of intracellular silver. From our results it is assumed that AgNPs used in this study do not penetrate the cell, but instead release silver ions that infiltrate into the cell leading to the formation of NPs through reduction by organic compounds present in the cell wall and cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vazquez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Miguel Avalos-Borja
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Ernestina Castro-Longoria
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A 70-year-old male rural worker was referred to our clinic with widespread grey pigmentation of the skin and nails. The condition had been asymptomatic for its entire duration (5 years). He reported past intranasal application of 10% Silver Vitellinate. A skin biopsy was performed and histology corroborated the clinical diagnosis of Argyria. This case represents a currently rare dermatological curiosity. Although silver colloids and salts have been withdrawn and/or banned by some drug surveillance agencies, they continue to be freely sold and unregulated as food supplements and as ingredients in alternative medicines, thereby risking the emergence of new cases of silver poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lencastre
- Dermatology Service of the Santo Antonio dos Capuchos Hospital – Central Lisbon Hospital Center (E.P.E) – Lisbon, Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Amber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Caroline Y. Winslow
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Andrew Styperek
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Peter H. Schwartz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Michael I. Shiman
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - George Elgart
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
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Colloidal silver: a novel treatment forStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:171-5. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rahimy E, Beardsley R, Ferrucci S, Ilsen P, Sarraf D. Optical coherence tomography findings in ocular argyrosis. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2013; 44 Online:E20-2. [PMID: 24256711 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131111-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old Caucasian man with a remote history of daily colloidal silver ingestion presented for ophthalmic examination in which he was noted to have a distinct slate gray skin discoloration. Funduscopy revealed confluent perimacular drusenoid deposits bilaterally, most of which localized at the level of or anterior to the inner segment ellipsoid band by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Enhanced depth imaging OCT demonstrated marked choroidal thinning. Fluorescein angiogram displayed a dark or silent choroid. Confirmatory serum silver levels were found to be markedly elevated. This report describes a unique geographic maculopathy with large drusenoid deposits anterior to the ellipsoid layer and severe choroidal thinning in association with ocular argyrosis.
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Glehr M, Leithner A, Friesenbichler J, Goessler W, Avian A, Andreou D, Maurer-Ertl W, Windhager R, Tunn PU. Argyria following the use of silver-coated megaprostheses: no association between the development of local argyria and elevated silver levels. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:988-92. [PMID: 23814255 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b7.31124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of local argyria in patients with silver-coated megaprostheses and to identify a possible association between argyria and elevated levels of silver both locally and in the blood. Between 2004 and 2011, 32 megaprostheses with silver coatings were implanted in 20 female and 12 male patients following revision arthroplasty for infection or resection of a malignant tumour, and the levels of silver locally in drains and seromas and in the blood were determined. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (10 to 81); one patient died in the immediate post-operative period and was excluded. Seven patients (23%) developed local argyria after a median of 25.7 months (interquartile range 2 to 44.5). Patients with and without local argyria had comparable levels of silver in the blood and aspiration fluids. The length of the implant did not influence the development of local argyria. Patients with clinical evidence of local argyria had no neurological symptoms and no evidence of renal or hepatic failure. Thus, we conclude that the short-term surveillance of blood silver levels in these patients is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glehr
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Auenbruggerplatz 5, Graz A-8036, Austria
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Ryu HJ, Yoon SJ, Park JT, Kim YH, Jung JM, Park MH, Rhyu IJ, Kwon DY. Skin discolouration with acute onset parkinsonism secondary to systemic zirconium intoxication. Ann Clin Biochem 2013; 51:97-100. [PMID: 23963051 DOI: 10.1177/0004563213492312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman presented with suspected parkinsonism and discolouration of the skin especially on sun-exposed areas. Thorough investigation revealed systemic zirconium intoxication due to intake of metallic colloids as a home remedy as a cause of the skin colour change. There may be an association between skin discolouration and her parkinsonism. This is unique in that various clinical manifestations developed following systemic ingestion of zirconium and this should serve as a warning on the risk of taking illicit dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa J Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Chhabra L, Sareen P, Trivedi N. The silver man: a rare cosmetic complication of alternative medicine. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009728. [PMID: 23843406 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Chhabra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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Saager RB, Hassan KM, Kondru C, Durkin AJ, Kelly KM. Quantitative near infrared spectroscopic analysis of Q-Switched Nd:YAG treatment of generalized argyria. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:15-21. [PMID: 23322674 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Generalized argyria is a blue-gray hyperpigmentation of the skin resulting from ingestion or application of silver compounds, such as silver colloid. Case reports have noted improvement after Q-Switched Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (1,064 nm QS Nd:YAG) laser treatment to small surface areas. No reports have objectively monitored laser treatment of generalized argyria over large areas of skin, nor have long-term outcomes been evaluated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An incremental treatment plan was developed for a subject suffering from argyria. A quantitative near infrared spectroscopic measurement technique was employed to non-invasively analyze tissue-pigment characteristics pre- and post-laser treatment. Post-treatment measurements were collected at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, and again at 1 year. RESULTS Immediate apparent removal of pigment was observed with 1 Q-switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment (3-6 mm spot; 0.8-2 J/cm(2) ) per area. Entire face, neck, upper chest, and arms were treated over multiple sessions. Treatments were very painful and general anesthesia was utilized in order to treat large areas. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize and quantify the concentration of silver particles in the dermis based on the absorption features of the silver particles as well as the optical scattering effects they impart. We were able to estimate that there was, on average, 0.042 mg/ml concentration of silver prior to treatment and that these levels went below the minimum detectable limit of the instrument post-treatment. There was no recurrence of discoloration over the 1-year study period. CONCLUSION QS 1,064 nm laser treatment of argyria is a viable method to restore normal skin pigmentation with no evidence of recurrence over study period. Quantitative spectroscopic measurements: (1) confirmed dyspigmentation was due to silver, (2) validated our clinical assessment of no recurrence up to 1-year post-treatment, and (3) indicated no collateral tissue damage with treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
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Saager RB, Hassan KM, Kondru C, Durkin AJ, Kelly KM. Quantitative near infrared spectroscopic analysis of Q-Switched Nd:YAG treatment of generalized argyria. Lasers Surg Med 2013. [PMID: 23322674 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.v45.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Generalized argyria is a blue-gray hyperpigmentation of the skin resulting from ingestion or application of silver compounds, such as silver colloid. Case reports have noted improvement after Q-Switched Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (1,064 nm QS Nd:YAG) laser treatment to small surface areas. No reports have objectively monitored laser treatment of generalized argyria over large areas of skin, nor have long-term outcomes been evaluated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An incremental treatment plan was developed for a subject suffering from argyria. A quantitative near infrared spectroscopic measurement technique was employed to non-invasively analyze tissue-pigment characteristics pre- and post-laser treatment. Post-treatment measurements were collected at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, and again at 1 year. RESULTS Immediate apparent removal of pigment was observed with 1 Q-switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment (3-6 mm spot; 0.8-2 J/cm(2) ) per area. Entire face, neck, upper chest, and arms were treated over multiple sessions. Treatments were very painful and general anesthesia was utilized in order to treat large areas. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize and quantify the concentration of silver particles in the dermis based on the absorption features of the silver particles as well as the optical scattering effects they impart. We were able to estimate that there was, on average, 0.042 mg/ml concentration of silver prior to treatment and that these levels went below the minimum detectable limit of the instrument post-treatment. There was no recurrence of discoloration over the 1-year study period. CONCLUSION QS 1,064 nm laser treatment of argyria is a viable method to restore normal skin pigmentation with no evidence of recurrence over study period. Quantitative spectroscopic measurements: (1) confirmed dyspigmentation was due to silver, (2) validated our clinical assessment of no recurrence up to 1-year post-treatment, and (3) indicated no collateral tissue damage with treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
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Bowden LP, Royer MC, Hallman JR, Lewin-Smith M, Lupton GP. Rapid onset of argyria induced by a silver-containing dietary supplement. J Cutan Pathol 2011; 38:832-5. [PMID: 21883362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 53-year-old man in good general health who presented with an 8-month history of progressive gray hyperpigmentation of the face. He denied using any prescription medications; however, he admitted to taking a herbal supplement. Clinically, the differential diagnosis included hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hyperpigmentation secondary to supplement use. Punch biopsies from the left forehead and preauricular region showed heavily sun-damaged skin with a minimal inflammatory infiltrate. Closer inspection, however, revealed minute scattered black/brown particles distributed in the basement membrane zone of eccrine and sebaceous glands. Similar particles were also present in hair follicles, blood vessels and arrector pili muscles. The particles did not stain with Gomori methenamine silver, Fontana-Masson or iron stains. Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis showed numerous particles, less than 1 µm in greatest dimension, which showed peaks for silver and sulfur. This analytical result confirmed the impression of argyria. Further history revealed that the patient had indeed been taking a silver supplement for several months under the premise that it would boost his immune system. This case is unique in that the patient's hyperpigmentation developed in a short period of time as compared with other reports in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynden P Bowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
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New Strategies in the Development of Antimicrobial Coatings: The Example of Increasing Usage of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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