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Oni AI, Adeleye OO, Adebowale TO, Oke OE. The role of phytogenic feed additives in stress mitigation in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:81-98. [PMID: 37587717 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The increase in global temperature and consumers' welfare has increased the use of phytogenic feed additives (PFA) to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on chickens in recent years. Various bioactive compounds capable of improving the thermotolerance of broiler chickens during exposure to thermal challenges have been identified in different plant species and parts. This review is an overview of the roles of bioactive compounds of different PFA, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidants, growth-promoting and immune-modulating agents, in heat stress management in broiler chickens. Common PFA in use, particularly in tropical environments, are also discussed. An understanding of the roles of the PFA in chickens' thermotolerance could further stimulate interest in their use, thereby improving the birds' productivity and addressing consumers' concerns. This review collates the existing data on the roles of herbs in mitigating heat stress on chickens and highlights future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderanti Ifeoluwa Oni
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga O Adeleye
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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2
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Manjunatha V, Nixon JE, Mathis GF, Lumpkins BS, Güzel-Seydim ZB, Seydim AC, Greene AK, Jiang X. Nigella sativa as an antibiotic alternative to promote growth and enhance health of broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102831. [PMID: 37356299 PMCID: PMC10404756 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry has significant coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) challenges, leading to high mortality and unacceptable growth without antibiotic treatment. This research explored supplementing Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed oil in poultry feed to mitigate coccidiosis and prevent or lessen NE in broilers. In vivo studies consisted of 384 and 320 Cobb 500 male broiler chicks distributed in a randomized complete block experimental design for trials 1 and 2, respectively. The first trial compared 3 concentrations (1, 2, and 5 mL/kg) of black cumin seed oil (BCSO), and trial 2 compared 2 concentrations (2 and 5 mL/kg) BCSO, with birds challenged with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens (Cp) strains Cp#6 and Cp#4, respectively. Broiler live performance, NE disease outcomes, and Cp populations were measured for both trials. A commercially available BCSO oil product, determined in a preliminary in vitro study to have the highest anti-Cp activity, was selected for in vivo studies. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated the major bioactive compounds p-cymene, thymoquinone, carvacrol, and thymol were present in the BCSO. In trial 1 with strain Cp#6, BCSO concentrations of 2 and 5 mL/kg reduced NE lesion score and mortality rate to 1.6% compared with 7.8% for positive control, with no adverse impact on live performance. In trial 2 with strain Cp#4, BCSO reduced NE lesion scores and mortality rate to 35.9% compared with 51.6% for positive control and also improved weight gain when there was a Cp infection in broiler chickens. The current study compared NE in broilers challenged with 2 different Cp strains producing different levels of NE. Following Cp infection, both the population of vegetative cells and spores of Cp in cecal contents decreased for all treatments in trial 2. In conclusion, BCSO at concentrations of 2 and 5 mL/kg enhanced broiler live performance and alleviated NE and has potential as a natural, non-medication antimicrobial nutritional supplement for use as a feed additive in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Manjunatha
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Julian E Nixon
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Greg F Mathis
- Southern Poultry Feed & Research, Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | | | - Zeynep B Güzel-Seydim
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey
| | - Atif C Seydim
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey
| | - Annel K Greene
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA.
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Zaazaa A, Mudalal S, Sabbah M, Altamimi M, Dalab A, Samara M. Effects of Black Cumin Seed ( Nigella sativa) and Coconut Meals ( Cocos nucifera) on Broiler Performance and Cecal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030535. [PMID: 36766422 PMCID: PMC9913529 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with black cumin seed meal (BCSM) and coconut meal (CM) on the performance and cecal microbiota of Cobb 500 hybrid broilers. The study was conducted on 600 chicks on the first day of hatching; the chicks were randomly distributed equally into 12 equal-sized floor pens. Four dietary treatments (C, T1, T2 and T3) were replicated three times (50 chicks/replicate): C was the control group; T1 was supplemented with 10% BCSM; T2 was supplemented with 10% CM; T3 was supplemented with 5% BCSM and 5% CM. At slaughter age on day 35, our findings showed that treatment T2 increased significantly body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to C, T1 and T3. In addition, the hot carcass dressing percentages in treatments T1, T2, and T3 were significantly higher than that of the C group. The results of relative normalized comparative gene expression of Clostridioides difficile, Roseburia and Streptococcus were not significantly changed in all treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment T1 resulted in a significant decrease in gene expression of the entire microbiota, while treatment T2 resulted in a significant increase in gene expression of all microbes, leading to an enriched and diverse microbial community. It can be concluded that supplementation with 10% BCSM is beneficial in inhibiting pathogenic microbes during early post-hatch days. In contrast, CM may promote and enhance the diversity of microbial communities during broiler growth. The inclusion of non-conventional feed ingredients in poultry diets may improve growth performance and may reduce the cost of broiler feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaazaa
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Samer Mudalal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Sabbah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Abdelhafeed Dalab
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Maen Samara
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
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4
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Madkour M, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA, Dhama K, Alagawany M. Application of herbs and their derivatives in broiler chickens: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2151395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Peşmen G. Effects of in ovo injection of black cumin ( Nigella sativa) extract on hatching performance of broiler eggs. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this research is to state the impact of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract in ovo injected at different doses on the hatchability of Cobb 500 Broiler fertile eggs. Injected doses of black cumin were 3 and 6 mg, applied to the air sac of the eggs on the 17.5th day of incubation. It has been established that, black cumin extract given to fertile broiler eggs had a positive effect on chick weight and chick length, but did not have a significant impact on hatching power and chick quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Peşmen
- Department of Laborant Veterinary Health, Şuhut Vocational School, Afyon Kocatepe University , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
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6
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Sharun K, Marappan G, Dhama K. Health-Promoting Activities of Nigella sativa Essential Oil. BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) SEEDS: CHEMISTRY, TECHNOLOGY, FUNCTIONALITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2021:457-478. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48798-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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7
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Laudadio V, Nasiri-Dehbaneh M, Bilal RM, Qotbi A, Javandel F, Ebrahimi A, Seidavi A, Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Dunne PG, Tufarelli V. Effects of different levels of dietary black cumin ( Nigella sativa L.) and fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and their combination on productive traits, selected blood constituents, microbiota and immunity of broilers. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:941-954. [PMID: 33325302 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1853138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of inclusion of powdered seeds of black cumin (B) (Nigella sativa L.) and fenugreek (F) (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on productive traits, selected blood constituents, microbiota and immunity of broilers were studied. A total of 648 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to nine treatments, with four pen replicates, each with 18 birds, including three levels of B seed powder (BSP; 0, 5 or 10 g/kg) and three levels of F seed powder (FSP; 0, 5 or 10 g/kg) in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Neither powder affected feed intake. The FSP increased (p = 0.048) feed conversion ratio (FCR), but decreased daily BW gain (p = 0.02) between days 0 and 21, while BSP increased daily gain between days 22 and 42 and overall (both p = 0.005). Abdominal fat was decreased (p = 0.003) by BSP. Blood constituents were unaffected by either powder, but ileal Escherichia coli were decreased (p = 0.039) at day 42. The BSP increased a range of immunological titers, where BSP affected positively the measured variables. The interactions between BSP and FSP, specifically on broiler carcass cuts, suggested that where BSP is included at 10 g/kg, the inclusion of FSP at the same level may provide no additional benefit. Thus, while either powder could be included separately, the co-inclusion of both at 10 g/kg is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO - Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ali Qotbi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faramin Javandel
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marina Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Peter G Dunne
- Department of Applied Sciences, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, County Louth, Republic of Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO - Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Oke OE, Oyelola OB, Iyasere OS, Njoku CP, Oso AO, Oso OM, Fatoki ST, Bankole KO, Jimoh IO, Sybill NI, Awodipe HO, Adegbite HO, Rahman SA, Daramola JO. In ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching and post hatch performance of thermally challenged broiler chickens during incubation. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100831. [PMID: 33516471 PMCID: PMC7936144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects in ovo injection of black cumin (BC) extract on chick's quality and response of thermally challenged broiler chickens. A total of 700 hatching eggs of broiler chickens (Marshall) were assigned to 7 treatments of 100 eggs each and incubated using the conventional protocol (37.8°C) for the first 10 d and then exposed to a high temperature (39.6°C) for 6 h daily from day 10 until day 18 of the incubation. At embryonic day 17.5, the eggs were randomly allotted to 7 treatment groups, viz.: eggs without in ovo injection (WA), eggs injected with 0.9% saline solution (SA), 3 mg ascorbic acid (AA), 2 mg BC (TB), 4 mg BC (FB), 6 mg BC (SB), and 8 mg BC (EB) extracts. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design. After hatching, the chicks were reared separately according to in ovo treatments for 8 wk. Data were collected on hatchability, chick quality, internal organs, growth performance, plasma superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and triiodothyronine (T3). The results showed that the hatchability of the eggs in the AA group was similar to that of SB eggs and higher than that of the other treatment groups. The intestinal weights of SB and EB birds were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of TB, SA, and WA. The final weights of the birds of SB and AA were higher (P < 0.05) than those of other treatments. The feed conversion ratio of the birds of TB and FB was comparable to that of EB and WA but higher than that of SB and AA. At hatch, the creatinine of the birds in SA and WA was similar to that of EB, FB, and TB but higher (P < 0.05) than that of AA and SB. Also, the plasma malondialdehyde, T3, and superoxide dismutase of SB and AA birds were better (P < 0.05) than those of the control groups. Overall, it was concluded that 6 mg of BC extract improved the antioxidant status and posthatch performance of thermally challenged broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Oke
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo; Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O B Oyelola
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O S Iyasere
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C P Njoku
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O M Oso
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - S T Fatoki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K O Bankole
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - I O Jimoh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - N I Sybill
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - H O Awodipe
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - H O Adegbite
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S A Rahman
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - J O Daramola
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Hafeez A, Shah SAA, Khan RU, Ullah Q, Naz S. Effect of diet supplemented with phytogenics and protease enzyme on performance, serum biochemistry and muscle histomorphology in broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1789648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Seidavi AR, Laudadio V, Khazaei R, Puvača N, Selvaggi M, Tufarelli V. Feeding of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and its effects on poultry production and health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1750328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - V. Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - R. Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - N. Puvača
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Cvećarska, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M. Selvaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - V. Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Aydogan I, Yildirim E, Kurum A, Bolat D, Cinar M, Basalan M, Yigit A. The Effect of Dietary Garlic (Allium Sativum), Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) and Their Combination on Performance, Intestine Morphometry, Serum Biochemistry and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Kurum
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | - D Bolat
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | - M Cinar
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | | | - A Yigit
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
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12
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Adegbeye MJ, Asaniyan EK, Igbalajobi OA, Oyedele DS, Elghandour MMMY, Salem AZM, Falade TT. Influence of selected plant seeds on the performance, carcass characteristics, sensory evaluation, and economics of broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1005-1012. [PMID: 31646418 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The immergence of antibiotic resistance, in livestock especially poultry, led to the ban of antibiotics as a growth promoter in some part of the world. This brought about the investigations into the development of various alternatives to antibiotics that will not compromise the integrity of poultry products for safe consumption. Therefore, this study examined the possible impacts of selected plants seeds (pawpaw, mustard, and black cumin) as feed additives on the performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory evaluation of broilers. A total of 180 day-old Arbor Acre Plus chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments of four replicates in a completely randomized design. The five treatments were three plant seed additives: pawpaw (PPS), mustard (MUS), and black cumin (BCS), treatment without additives (CON, i.e., no plants seeds/medications), and treatment with medications and antibiotics (ANT). During the feeding trials that lasted for 8 weeks, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were considered performance data. At the end of the feeding trials, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for carcass parameters and sensory evaluation. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Mustard seed (Brassica juncea) significantly (P = 0.018) supported carcass growth. Further, the highest feed intake was obtained in MUS while the lowest was obtained in CON birds. The PPS had higher (P = 0.013) BWG than in other treatments while the lowest was obtained in CON. Values of FCR were lowest (P = 0.15) in PPS while the highest in CON birds. Furthermore, MUS and PPS had significantly (P = 0.018) and (P = 0.03) higher live weight than CON and ANT, while MUS had higher dressed weight percentage than CON and ANT birds. Broiler meat under diet supplemented with black cumin was relatively found to be most acceptable while meat under mustard seed was the least acceptable. In contrast, the average cost realized per bird was obtained in PPS while the lowest was in CON and ANT. However, broiler diet supplemented with BCS brings about a corresponding decrease in percentage feeding cost reduction among plant supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyosore J Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, PMB 5006, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel K Asaniyan
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 353, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi A Igbalajobi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, PMB 5006, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola S Oyedele
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, PMB 5006, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mona M M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico City, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico City, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Temilola T Falade
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, PMB 5006, Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria.,Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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13
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Beneficial uses of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds as a feed additive in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Fatty acid composition of liver and breast meat of quails fed diets containing black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and/or coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds as unsaturated fatty acid sources. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Najib H, Al-Homidan I, Fathi MM, Al-Suhim AA. Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) and Ginger Powder (Zingiber officinale) Effect on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2020.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arif M, Rehman A, Abd El-Hack ME, Saeed M, Khan F, Akhtar M, Swelum AA, Saadeldin IM, Alowaimer AN. Growth, carcass traits, cecal microbial counts, and blood chemistry of meat-type quail fed diets supplemented with humic acid and black cumin seeds. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1930-1938. [PMID: 29879835 PMCID: PMC6212732 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study attempted to determine safe and sufficient growth promoters in poultry feeding. METHODS A total of 520 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups in a 4×2 factorial design experiment to evaluate the effect of different levels of humic acid (HA) and black cumin (BC) seed and their interactions on growth, carcass traits, gut microbes, and blood chemistry of growing quails. Quails were randomly distributed into 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design, included 4 HA levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg diet) and 2 BC levels (0 or 5 g/ kg diet). RESULTS Increasing HA level associated with a gradual increase in final weight, feed intake and body weight gain along with an improvement in feed conversion ratio. Dietary addition of 5 g BC powder/kg diet gave similar results. The highest level of HA (2.25 g/kg diet) recorded the best values of carcass weight, breast yield, intestinal length, and intestinal weight comparing with the control and other HA levels. Total viable microbial counts decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of HA except the intermediate level (1.5 g/kg diet). The concentration of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (excluding that 0.75 g HA) decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein increased (p = 0.034) along with increasing HA level. The interaction between the 2.25 g HA×5 g gave the best results regarding most studied parameters. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that HA combined with BC could be used as effective growth promoters, with the recommended level being 2.25 g HA+5 g BC/kg of quail diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040,
Pakistan
| | - Fateh Khan
- CVSD Remount Depot Sargodha Cantt, Punjab 40100,
Pakistan
| | | | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511,
Egypt
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511,
Egypt
| | - Abdullah N. Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
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Kumar P, Patra AK, Mandal GP, Debnath BC. Carcass characteristics, chemical and fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of meat from broiler chickens fed black cumin (Nigella sativa
) seeds. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:769-779. [PMID: 29493013 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - A. K. Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - G. P. Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - B. C. Debnath
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
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Cherif M, Ben Salem H, Abidi S. Effect of the addition of Nigella sativa seeds to low or high concentrate diets on intake, digestion, blood metabolites, growth and carcass traits of Barbarine lamb. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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El-Hack MEA, Attia AI, Arif M, Soomro RN, Arain MA. The impacts of dietary Nigella sativa meal and Avizyme on growth, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of meat-type quail. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of varying proportion of Nigella sativa meal (NSM) in the diets with or without Avizyme supplementation on growing Japanese quail performance. A 4 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted including four levels of NSM (0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the diet) and two levels of dietary Avizyme supplementation (0 or 0.5 g/kg diet) through the growing period (1–6 weeks of age). A total number of 600 unsexed 1-week-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups. The effects of NSM inclusion levels were highly significant (P < 0.01) on the values of live bodyweight, daily bodyweight gain and daily feed intake at all periods studied. The incorporation of 10% NSM of the diet recorded the best values of live bodyweight and daily bodyweight gain compared with the Control and other NSM levels. Quail fed diets contained 10% or 15% NSM had higher (P < 0.01) daily feed intake than those in the Control, but feed conversion ratio was not statistically affected at all studied ages. All carcass traits studied were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by feeding the NSM diet. The digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract were significantly (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) increased in chicks fed diets containing 10% NSM as compared with the Control. Quail fed diets including 10% or 15% NSM had increased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and a higher A : G ratio. All serum lipid constituents except high density lipoprotein were at lower (P < 0.01) concentrations in blood serum of quail fed diets containing NSM. Using NSM at level of 20% of the diet had a negative impact on growth, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. Neither Avizyme supplementation alone nor the interaction between NSM and Avizyme had any statistically impact on all studied parameters. It can be concluded that NSM could be included in growing quail diets up to 15% without any Avizyme supplementation to support growth performance and feed utilisation, however higher NSM levels negatively affected performance, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility.
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Altop A, Erener G, Duru ME, Isik K. Effects of essential oils from Liquidambar orientalis Mill. leaves on growth performance, carcass and some organ traits, some blood metabolites and intestinal microbiota in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2017; 59:121-127. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - G. Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M. E. Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - K. Isik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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21
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Kumar P, Patra AK, Mandal GP, Samanta I, Pradhan S. Effect of black cumin seeds on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immunity, gut health and nitrogen excretion in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3742-3751. [PMID: 28120474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of antibiotic growth promoters (AB) as feed additives in broiler chickens poses risks due to cross-resistance amongst pathogens and residues in tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of black cumin seeds (BCS) as a natural growth promoter in chickens on nutrient utilization, intestinal microbiota and morphology, immunity, antioxidant status, protein deposition in muscles and nitrogen excretion. RESULTS Broiler chickens were fed BCS at 0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg-1 diet. Body weight gain tended to increase (P = 0.10) and daily feed intake increased quadratically with increasing concentrations of BCS in the diets. Supplementation of BCS resulted in a tendency to decrease feed conversion efficiency on days 28-42. Metabolizability of nutrients increased linearly with increasing doses of BCS. Protein deposition in thigh and breast muscles was increased and nitrogen excretion was reduced by BCS and AB compared with the control (CON). Intestinal morphology in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was not generally affected by BCS. Counts of total bacteria, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. were not affected by BCS and AB compared with CON, but Salmonella spp. decreased linearly (P = 0.05) with increasing doses of BCS. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus on day 35 increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing doses of BCS. Concentrations of glucose and triglyceride in blood were not affected by BCS. Concentrations of cholesterol decreased linearly while the concentration of total protein increased linearly with increasing doses of BCS. CONCLUSION The use of dietary BCS may improve growth performance, immunity and nutrient utilization in broiler chickens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Guru Prasad Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Saktipada Pradhan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Mohammed HH, Arias CR. Protective efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds and oil against columnaris disease in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:693-703. [PMID: 26265495 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, is currently the most frequently reported bacterial disease affecting farm-raised channel catfish in the USA. Common treatments against the disease include the use of medicated feed that has led to emergent antibiotic resistant strains of F. columnare. Nigella sativa (Black cumin) is a medicinal herb commonly used by many cultures as a natural remedy for numerous disorders. Recently, we have discovered the antibacterial activity of N. sativa and its oil extract against F. columnare. In this study, we showed N. sativa oil (NSO) strongly inhibited the growth of all of the strains of F. columnare tested and yielded significantly larger zones of inhibition than those produced by oxytetracyclin. We tested the protective effect against columnaris disease in vivo by incorporating NSO (5%) or N. sativa seeds (NSS) (5%) into fish feeds. Fishes (Ictalurus punctatus and Danio rerio) fed amended diets displayed significantly lower mortality than those fed control diets. Per cent mortalities in control groups ranged from 77% to 44% and from 70% to 18% in zebrafish and channel catfish, respectively. A dose study using different NSS concentrations showed that 5% NSS offered the most protection against columnaris disease in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Mohammed
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C R Arias
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Auburn, AL, USA
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Rahman M, Kim SJ. Effects of dietaryNigella sativaseed supplementation on broiler productive performance, oxidative status and qualitative characteristics of thighs meat. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1159925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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El-Hack MEA, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K. Nutritional, Healthical and Therapeutic Efficacy of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) in Animals, Poultry and Humans. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.232.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Ghasemi HA, Kasani N, Taherpour K. Effects of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.), a probiotic, a prebiotic and a synbiotic on growth performance, immune response and blood characteristics of male broilers. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Boka J, Mahdavi AH, Samie AH, Jahanian R. Effect of different levels of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, intestinal Escherichia coli colonization and jejunal morphology in laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:373-83. [PMID: 23909404 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, intestinal Escherichia coli count and morphology of jejunal epithelial cells in laying hens. A total of 100 Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) of 49 weeks old were randomly distributed among five cage replicates of five birds each. Experimental diets consisted of different levels (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of diet) of dietary black cumin inclusion. The experimental period lasted for a total of 10 weeks, and egg quality indexes and laying hens' performance were measured as two 35-day trial periods. At the final day, two hens per replicate were slaughtered to investigate the influence of dietary treatments on intestinal E. coli colonization and morphology of jejunal cells. Although dietary black cumin in all supplementation levels decreased (p < 0.05) the enumeration of ileal E. coli, the morphological and histological alterations in small intestine such as enhancement of villus height to crypt depth ratio, increased goblet cell numbers and proliferation of lamina propria lymphatic follicles were observed after dietary supplementation with at least 2% black cumin. Dietary treatments decreased (p < 0.05) the concentration of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and increased (p < 0.05) serum HDL concentration and relative weight of pancreas; however, the egg yolk cholesterol was not influenced by dietary treatments. In addition, dietary supplementation with black cumin improved (p < 0.05) eggshell quality and Haugh unit. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained when diets were supplemented with 2% black cumin. This improvement was due to the increase (p < 0.05) in egg mass and contemporaneous decrease (p < 0.01) in feed consumption. The present results indicated that regardless of supplementation level, dietary inclusion of black cumin decreased E. coli enumeration in ileal digesta and improved serum lipid profile and eggshell quality, whereas the best intestinal health indices and haying hens' performance were obtained by at least 2% black cumin seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boka
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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27
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Halamova K, Kokoska L, Flesar J, Sklenickova O, Svobodova B, Marsik P. In vitro antifungal effect of black cumin seed quinones against dairy spoilage yeasts at different acidity levels. J Food Prot 2010; 73:2291-5. [PMID: 21219751 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.12.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The antiyeast activity of the black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) quinones dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone (THQ), and thymoquinone (TQ) were evaluated in vitro with a broth microdilution method against six dairy spoilage yeast species. Antifungal effects of the quinones were compared with those of preservatives commonly used in milk products (calcium propionate, natamycin, and potassium sorbate) at two pH levels (4.0 and 5.5). THQ and TQ possessed significant antiyeast activity and affected the growth of all strains tested at both pH levels, with MICs ranging from 8 to 128 μg/ml. With the exception of the antibiotic natamycin, the inhibitory effects of all food preservatives against the yeast strains tested in this study were strongly affected by differences in pH, with MICs of ≥16 and ≥512 μg/ml at pH 4.0 and 5.5, respectively. These findings suggest that HQ and TQ are effective antiyeast agents that could be used in the dairy industry as chemical preservatives of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Halamova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Nature Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, 165 21, Czech Republic
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Ciftci M, Dalkilic B, Cerci IH, Guler T, Ertas ON, Arslan O. Influence of dietary Cinnamon Oil Supplementation on Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9707045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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O'Bryan CA, Crandall PG, Ricke SC. Organic Poultry Pathogen Control from Farm to Fork. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:709-20. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corliss A. O'Bryan
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Philip G. Crandall
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety–IFSE and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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