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Ogura N, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Progress in second-line antibody therapies for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38860728 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2366493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poor. Although cytotoxic drugs have been widely used in advanced ESCC, several antibody agents have recently been reported to be effective. AREAS COVERED Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are anti-PD-1 antibodies that improve immunosuppression by binding to programmed death-1 (PD-1), leading to an antitumor effect. Randomized phase III trials have found these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to be effective as second-line treatment. ATTRACTION-3, which compared nivolumab monotherapy with taxane monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced ESCC, reported prolonged overall survival in the nivolumab group. KEYNOTE-181 found that overall survival was longer in patients with PD-L1-positive ESCC who received second-line treatment with pembrolizumab than in those who received chemotherapy. Sym004 and amivantamab are antibodies that target the epidermal growth factor receptor and have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of other tumors in recent phase I studies. Furthermore, clinical trials on antibody-drug conjugates such as enfortumab vedotin and DS-7300 for solid tumors are currently ongoing. EXPERT OPINION The standard first-line treatments for patients with advanced ESCC contain ICIs. Therefore, drugs with different mechanisms of action that can overcome resistance to ICIs are needed as second-line or later-line treatments to improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Ogura
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Deng H, Qian X, Zhang Y, Yu W, Yang P. Metformin Increases the Response of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells to Gemcitabine by Suppressing Pyruvate Kinase M2 to Activate Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:476-490. [PMID: 38170336 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major challenge related to cancer treatment, and increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutic drugs is a major focus of cancer treatment. AIMS We purposed to explore the role of Metformin in CCA involved in chemotherapeutic sensitivity and Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) through regulating mitochondrial apoptosis in the present study. METHODS CCA cell lines of HCC9810 and RBE were treated with Metformin companied with antagonists or agonists of PKM2, cells sensitivity to Gemcitabine, cell migration and invasion along with apoptosis, which is mediated by JC-1 and LDH were assayed. RESULTS Our results indicated that Metformin and Gemcitabine exhibit synergistic effect on inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell viability, cell migration and invasion as well as promotion apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. In vivo, Metformin combined with Gemcitabine has cooperation in inhibiting the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell-derived tumors. Moreover, Metformin and Gemcitabine inhibited expression of PKM2 and PDHB in HCC9810 and RBE. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that Metformin may increase the response of cholangiocarcinoma cells to Gemcitabine by suppressing PKM2 to activate mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Armed Police Coast Guard Corps Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Qian
- Jiaxing Shuguang Cosmetology Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Armed Police Coast Guard Corps Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Yu
- The Second Department of Biliary Duct, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No. 31 Longhua Road, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, China.
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Yousaf MA, Anwer SA, Basheera S, Sivanandan S. Computational investigation of Moringa oleifera phytochemicals targeting EGFR: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1901-1923. [PMID: 37154824 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2206288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prominent target for anticancer therapy due to its role in activating several cell signaling cascades. Clinically approved EGFR inhibitors are reported to show treatment resistance and toxicity, this study, therefore, investigates Moringa oleifera phytochemicals to find potent and safe anti-EGFR compounds. For that, phytochemicals were screened based on drug-likeness and molecular docking analysis followed by molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory analysis and ADMET analysis to identify the effective inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) domain. Known EGFR-TK inhibitors (1-4 generations) were used as control. Among 146 phytochemicals, 136 compounds showed drug-likeness, of which Delta 7-Avenasterol was the most potential EGFR-TK inhibitor with a binding energy of -9.2 kcal/mol followed by 24-Methylenecholesterol (-9.1 kcal/mol), Campesterol (-9.0 kcal/mol) and Ellagic acid (-9.0 kcal/mol). In comparison, the highest binding affinity from control drugs was displayed by Rociletinib (-9.0 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) exhibited the structural stability of native EGFR-TK and protein-inhibitor complexes. Further, MM/PBSA computed the binding free energies of protein complex with Delta 7-Avenasterol, 24-Methylenecholesterol, Campesterol and Ellagic acid as -154.559 ± 18.591 kJ/mol, -139.176 ± 19.236 kJ/mol, -136.212 ± 17.598 kJ/mol and -139.513 ± 23.832 kJ/mol, respectively. Non-polar interactions were the major contributors to these energies. The density functional theory analysis also established the stability of these inhibitor compounds. ADMET analysis depicted acceptable outcomes for all top phytochemicals without displaying any toxicity. In conclusion, this report has identified promising EGFR-TK inhibitors to treat several cancers that can be further investigated through laboratory and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum Anwer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shefin Basheera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreekumar Sivanandan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Saraswathy Thangavelu Extension Centre, A Research Centre of University of Kerala, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Niu X, Liu P, Zhou X, Ou D, Wang X, Hu C. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody combined with chemoradiotherapy for induction chemotherapy resistant locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective phase II study. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101797. [PMID: 37865048 PMCID: PMC10597793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab (NTZ) combined with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in induction chemotherapy (IC) resistant locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-arm, open-label phase II clinical trial was conducted (NCT04508816). Eligible patients were 18-70 years old, pathologically confirmed NPC at stage III-IVA, stable disease or progressive disease after IC by imaging evaluation, and ECOG performance status with 0-1. All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) concurrent with chemotherapy and NTZ (200 mg/w). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and safety. RESULTS From May 2015 to July 2020, 56 NPC patients were enrolled. With the median follow-up of 34 months (range from 8 to 77 months), the 3-year and 5-year PFS and OS rates were 79.3 % and 72.1 %, 94.0 % and 87.2 %, respectively. ORR of the nasopharynx and cervical lymph nodes involvement were 98.2 % and 98.1 % three months after IMRT. Univariate analysis revealed that pretreatment PET/CT was the factor that influenced PFS (P = 0.038). Patients treated with ≥6 weeks of NTZ showed improved 3-year PFS rate (83.0% vs. 73.9 %, P > 0.05) and 5-year PFS rate (83.0% vs. 61.6 %, P>0.05) compared with <6 weeks NTZ. The acute toxicities were mainly grade 1/2 hematologic. Severe toxicities were uncommon. The major grade 3/4 AE was neutropenia (26.8 %). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that NTZ combined with CCRT in IC resistant LANPC was effective with mild toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chaosu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Noh SS, Shin HJ. RSV Induces Activation of Intracellular EGFR on the Mitochondrial Membrane for Virus Propagation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17431. [PMID: 38139259 PMCID: PMC10744162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects people of all ages and is one of the most common causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, especially in infants under one year of age. However, no direct treatment has been developed for RSV infections. Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity is important for human cell growth. This study reported that RSV infection maintained the total cellular ATP levels and promoted the intracellular activity of EGFR to replicate RSV. RSV activates the intracellular EGFR-mediated cell survival signaling cascade and maintains mitochondrial EGFR expression for viral production during early events after infection. The approved EGFR inhibitor, vandetanib, markedly reduces RSV propagation, suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for RSV therapeutics. Our results suggest that RSV infection maintains cellular ATP levels and promotes the activation of intracellular EGFR in the mitochondrial membrane, significantly contributing to robust RSV propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Sil Noh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Noh SS, Shin HJ. Role of Virus-Induced EGFR Trafficking in Proviral Functions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1766. [PMID: 38136637 PMCID: PMC10741569 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the early 1980s, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a pivotal and multifaceted player in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying various human diseases and their associations with cell survival, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. Recent advancements in research have underscored the profound and multifaceted role of EGFR in viral infections, highlighting its involvement in viral entry, replication, and the subversion of host immune responses. In this regard, the importance of EGFR trafficking has also been highlighted in recent studies. The dynamic relocation of EGFR to diverse intracellular organelles, including endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, and even the nucleus, is a central feature of its functionality in diverse contexts. This dynamic intracellular trafficking is not merely a passive process but an orchestrated symphony, facilitating EGFR involvement in various cellular pathways and interactions with viral components. Furthermore, EGFR, which is initially anchored on the plasma membrane, serves as a linchpin orchestrating viral entry processes, a crucial early step in the viral life cycle. The role of EGFR in this context is highly context-dependent and varies among viruses. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the intricate interactions between EGFR and viruses. These interactions are fundamental for successful propagation of a wide array of viral species and affect viral pathogenesis and host responses. Understanding EGFR significance in both normal cellular processes and viral infections may not only help develop innovative antiviral therapies but also provide a deeper understanding of the intricate roles of EGFR signaling in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Sil Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Ge M, Zhu Y, Wei M, Piao H, He M. Improving the efficacy of anti-EGFR drugs in GBM: Where we are going? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188996. [PMID: 37805108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The therapies targeting mutations of driver genes in cancer have advanced into clinical trials for a variety of tumors. In glioblastoma (GBM), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most commonly mutated oncogene, and targeting EGFR has been widely investigated as a promising direction. However, the results of EGFR pathway inhibitors have not been satisfactory. Limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, drug resistance, and pathway compensation mechanisms contribute to the failure of anti-EGFR therapies. This review summarizes recent research advances in EGFR-targeted therapy for GBM and provides insight into the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of EGFR-targeted therapy. By combining the results of preclinical studies with those of clinical trials, we discuss that improved drug penetration across the BBB, the use of multi-target combinations, and the development of peptidomimetic drugs under the premise of precision medicine may be promising strategies to overcome drug resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
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Srinivasan B. Non-equilibrium modalities of inhibition: Characterizing irreversible inhibition for the ErbB receptor family members. Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:85-108. [PMID: 37858541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Most drug target interactions for clinically approved small-molecules are non-equilibrium slow-onset, tight-binding or irreversible in nature, with pronounced element of time-dependence of inhibition. Analysis of such modality of inhibition requires a continuous enzyme kinetic measurement that can yield complete progress curves and an automated high-throughput analysis pipeline. Given the increasing emphasis on designing non-equilibrium modes of inhibiting an enzyme target (especially irreversible), the above specified pipeline for data generation and analysis is essential for extracting parameters to guide decisions in early drug discovery. In this manuscript, the methodology and data analysis protocol from our irreversible inhibitor characterization campaigns for the ErbB receptor family members is presented. Guidance is provided on the appropriate design of assay to generate quality data, setting up the analysis and estimation of inactivation rate (kinact) and the pseudo-equilibrium binding affinity (KI) constant (or their ratio kinact/KI) in a high-throughput manner for the inhibitor interacting with the protein target of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Srinivasan
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Alrumaihi F. Identification of novel chemical scaffolds against kinase domain of cancer causing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: a systemic chemoinformatic approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37424103 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is expressed in high magnitude in several cancers. Designing new drug molecules that target kinase domain of the HER2 enzyme might provide an appealing platform. Considering this, herein, a multi-phase bioinformatic approach is applied to screen diverse natural and chemical scaffolds to identify compounds that fit best at the kinase domain of HER2. By doing so, three compounds; LAS_51187157, LAC_51217113, LAC_51390233 were pointed with docking score of -11.4 kcal/mol, -11.3 kcal/mol and -11.2 kcal/mol, respectively. In molecular dynamic simulation, the complexes behaved in a stable dynamic with no major local/global structural variations. The intermolecular binding free energies were further estimated that concluded LAC_51390233 complex was the most stable and has less entropy energy. The good docked affinity of LAC_51390233 with HER2 was confirmed by WaterSwap absolute binding free energy. The entropy energy demonstrated that LAC_51390233 has less freedom energy compared to others. Similarly, all three compounds revealed very favorable druglike properties and pharmacokinetics. All the selected three compounds were also non-carcinogenic, non-immunotoxicity, non-mutagenicity, and non-cytotoxic. In a nutshell, the compounds are interesting scaffolds and might be subjected to extensive experimental testing to reveal their real biological potency.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Finetti F, Paradisi L, Bernardi C, Pannini M, Trabalzini L. Cooperation between Prostaglandin E2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cancer Progression: A Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082374. [PMID: 37190301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one key lipid mediator involved in chronic inflammation, and it is directly implicated in tumor development by regulating cancer cell growth and migration, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune escape. In addition, the expression of the enzymes involved in PGE2 synthesis, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES1), positively correlates with tumor progression and aggressiveness, clearly indicating the crucial role of the entire pathway in cancer. Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that the COX2/mPGES1/PGE2 inflammatory axis is involved in the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to reinforce the oncogenic drive of EGFR activation. Similarly, EGFR activation promotes the induction of COX2/mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. In this review, we describe the interplay between COX2/mPGES1/PGE2 and EGFR in cancer, and new therapeutic strategies that target this signaling pathway, to outline the importance of the modulation of the inflammatory process in cancer fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Paradisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Clizia Bernardi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Pannini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Bakhshian Nik A, Ng HH, Ashbrook SK, Sun P, Iacoviello F, Shearing PR, Bertazzo S, Mero D, Khomtchouk BB, Hutcheson JD. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition prevents vascular calcifying extracellular vesicle biogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H553-H570. [PMID: 36827229 PMCID: PMC10042607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00280.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including vascular calcification, leading to higher mortality. The release of calcifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) promotes ectopic mineralization of vessel walls. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), a structural protein in the plasma membrane, plays a major role in calcifying EV biogenesis in VSMCs. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) colocalizes with and influences the intracellular trafficking of CAV1. Using a diet-induced mouse model of CKD followed by a high-phosphate diet to promote vascular calcification, we assessed the potential of EGFR inhibition to prevent vascular calcification. Furthermore, we computationally analyzed 7,651 individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Framingham cohorts to assess potential correlations between coronary artery calcium and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with elevated serum levels of EGFR. Mice with CKD developed widespread vascular calcification, associated with increased serum levels of EGFR. In both the CKD mice and human VSMC culture, EGFR inhibition significantly reduced vascular calcification by mitigating the release of CAV1-positive calcifying EVs. EGFR inhibition also increased bone mineral density in CKD mice. Individuals in the MESA and Framingham cohorts with SNPs associated with increased serum EGFR exhibit elevated coronary artery calcium. Given that EGFR inhibitors exhibit clinical safety and efficacy in other pathologies, the current data suggest that EGFR may represent an ideal target to prevent pathological vascular calcification in CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we investigate the potential of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition to prevent vascular calcification, a leading indicator of and contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. EGFR interacts and affects the trafficking of the plasma membrane scaffolding protein caveolin-1. Previous studies reported a key role for caveolin-1 in the development of specialized extracellular vesicles that mediate vascular calcification; however, no role of EGFR has been reported. We demonstrated that EGFR inhibition modulates caveolin-1 trafficking and hinders calcifying extracellular vesicle formation, which prevents vascular calcification. Given that EGFR inhibitors are clinically approved for other indications, this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sophie K Ashbrook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Patrick Sun
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deniel Mero
- Dock Therapeutics, Inc., Middletown, Delaware, United States
| | - Bohdan B Khomtchouk
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
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Duan R, Gong F, Wang Y, Huang C, Wu J, Hu L, Liu M, Qiu S, Lu L, Lin Y. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors versus TACE in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:120. [PMID: 37004052 PMCID: PMC10064711 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been increasingly used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, the superiority of combination therapy to TACE monotherapy remains controversial. Therefore, here we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE plus TKIs in patients with uHCC. METHODS We searched four databases for eligible studies. The primary outcome was time to progression (TTP), while the secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), tumor response rates, and adverse events (AEs). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were collected for TTP and OS, and the data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis models in STATA software. OR and 95% CIs were used to estimate dichotomous variables (complete remission[CR], partial remission[PR], stable disease[SD], progressive disease[PD], objective response rate[ORR], disease control rate[DCR], and AEs) using RStudio's random-effects model. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for observational studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies (9 RCTs, 21 observational studies) with 8246 patients. We judged the risk of bias as low in 44.4% (4/9) of the RCTs and high in 55.6% (5/9) of the RCTs. All observational studies were considered of high quality, with a NOS score of at least 6. Compared with TACE alone or TACE plus placebo, TACE combined with TKIs was superior in prolonging TTP (combined HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.65-0.80), OS (combined HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.67), and objective response rate (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.23-3.67) in patients with uHCC. However, TACE plus TKIs caused a higher incidence of AEs, especially hand-foot skin reactions (OR 87.17%, 95%CI 42.88-177.23), diarrhea (OR 18.13%, 95%CI 9.32-35.27), and hypertension (OR 12.24%, 95%CI 5.89-25.42). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis found that TACE plus TKIs may be beneficial for patients with uHCC in terms of TTP, OS, and tumor response rates. However, combination therapy is also associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse reactions. Therefore, we must evaluate the clinical benefits and risks of combination therapy. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022298003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Duan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Gong
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Huang
- Medical Examination Center, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Leihao Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liming Lu
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yisheng Lin
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Guangdong, China.
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13
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Ghadaksaz A, Imani Fooladi AA, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Nejad Satari T, Amin M. Targeting the EGFR in cancer cells by fusion protein consisting of arazyme and third loop of TGF-alpha: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11744-11757. [PMID: 34379041 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1963318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of arazyme, a bacterial metalloprotease, have been revealed in previous studies. Because of the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor cells, targeting this receptor is one of the approaches to cancer therapy. In the present study, we designed fusion protein by using a non-mitogenic binding sequence of TGFα, arazyme, and a suitable linker. The I-TASSER and Robetta web servers were employed to predict the territory structures of the Arazyme-linker-TGFαL3, and TGFαL3-linker-Arazyme. Then, models were validated by using PROCHECK, ERRAT, ProSA, and MolProbity web servers. After docking to EGFR, Arazyme-linker-TGFαL3 showed a higher binding affinity and was selected to be optimized through 100 ns Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Next, the stability of ligand-bound receptor was examined utilizing MD simulation for 100 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energy calculation and free energy decomposition were carried out employing MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA methods, respectively. The root mean square deviation and fluctuation (RMSD, RMSF), the radius of gyration, H-bond, and binding free energy analysis revealed the stability of the complex during simulation time. Finally, linear and conformational epitopes of B cells, as well as MHC class I and MHC class II were predicted by using different web servers. Meanwhile, the potential B cell and T cell epitopes were identified throughout arazyme protein sequence. Collectively, this study suggests a novel chimera protein candidate prevent cancer cells potentially by inducing an immune response and inhibiting cell proliferation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Nejad Satari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Perike N, Edigi PK, Nirmala G, Thumma V, Bujji S, Naikal PS. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Hybrid Molecules Containing Indole‐Thiazolidinedione‐Triazole Moieties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Perike
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Praveen Kumar Edigi
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Gurrapu Nirmala
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities Matrusri Engineering College Hyderabad Telangana 500059 India
| | - Sushmitha Bujji
- Department of Pharmacy University College of Technology Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Prameela Subhashini Naikal
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
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15
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Liu L, Chen J. Therapeutic antibodies for precise cancer immunotherapy: current and future perspectives. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:555-569. [PMID: 37724258 PMCID: PMC10471122 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies, as one of the most important components of host adaptive immune system, play an important role in defense of infectious disease, immune surveillance, and autoimmune disease. Due to the development of recombinant antibody technology, antibody therapeutics become the largest and rapidly expanding drug to provide major health benefits to patients, especially for the treatment of cancer patients. Many antibody-based therapeutic strategies have been developed including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific and trispecific antibodies and pro-antibodies with promising results from both clinical and pre-clinical trials. However, the response rate and side-effect still vary between patients with undefined mechanisms. Here, we summarized the current and future perspectives of antibody-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies for designing next-generation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Opo FADM, Moulay M, Zari A, Alqaderi A, Alkarim S, Zari T, Bhuiyan MA, Mahmoud MM, Aljoud F, Suhail M, Edris S, Ramadan WS, Kamal MA, Nemmiche S, Ahammad F. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening approaches to identify novel molecular candidates against EGFR through comprehensive computational approaches and in-vitro studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027890. [PMID: 36457709 PMCID: PMC9707641 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene, which primarily occur in the axon 18-21 position, have been linked to a variety of cancers, including ovarian, breast, colon, and lung cancer. The use of TK inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, and afatinib) and monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, and matuzumab) in the treatment of advanced-stage cancer is very common. These drugs are becoming less effective in EGFR targeted cancer treatment and developing resistance to cancer cell eradication, which sometimes necessitates stopping treatment due to the side effects. One in silico study has been conducted to identify EGFR antagonists using other compounds, databases without providing the toxicity profile, comparative analyses, or morphological cell death pattern. The goal of our study was to identify potential lead compounds, and we identified seven compounds based on the docking score and four compounds that were chosen for our study, utilizing toxicity analysis. Molecular docking, virtual screening, dynamic simulation, and in-vitro screening indicated that these compounds' effects were superior to those of already marketed medication (gefitinib). The four compounds obtained, ZINC96937394, ZINC14611940, ZINC103239230, and ZINC96933670, demonstrated improved binding affinity (-9.9 kcal/mol, -9.6 kcal/mol, -9.5 kcal/mol, and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively), interaction stability, and a lower toxicity profile. In silico toxicity analysis showed that our compounds have a lower toxicity profile and a higher LD50 value. At the same time, a selected compound, i.e., ZINC103239230, was revealed to attach to a particular active site and bind more tightly to the protein, as well as show better in-vitro results when compared to our selected gefitinib medication. MTT assay, gene expression analysis (BAX, BCL-2, and β-catenin), apoptosis analysis, TEM, cell cycle assay, ELISA, and cell migration assays were conducted to perform the cell death analysis of lung cancer and breast cancer, compared to the marketed product. The MTT assay exhibited 80% cell death for 75 µM and 100µM; however, flow cytometry analysis with the IC50 value demonstrated that the selected compound induced higher apoptosis in MCF-7 (30.8%) than in A549.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Dain Md Opo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Abdelhamid ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Ali Zari
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alqaderi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Zari
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa Aljoud
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saïd Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Abdelhamid ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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17
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Roy S, Curry SD, Bagot CC, Mueller EN, Mansouri AM, Park W, Cha JN, Goodwin AP. Enzyme Prodrug Therapy with Photo-Cross-Linkable Anti-EGFR Affibodies Conjugated to Upconverting Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15873-15883. [PMID: 36129781 PMCID: PMC10197967 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that a photo-cross-linkable conjugate of upconverting nanoparticles and cytosine deaminase can catalyze prodrug conversion specifically at tumor sites in vivo. Non-covalent association of proteins and peptides with cellular surfaces leads to receptor-mediated endocytosis and catabolic degradation. Recently, we showed that covalent attachment of proteins such as affibodies to cell receptors yields extended expression on cell surfaces with preservation of protein function. To adapt this technology for in vivo applications, conjugates were prepared from upconverting nanoparticles and fusion proteins of affibody and cytosine deaminase enzyme (UC-ACD). The affibody allows covalent photo-cross-linking to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) overexpressed on Caco-2 human colorectal cancer cells under near-infrared (NIR) light. Once bound, the cytosine deaminase portion of the fusion protein converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). NIR covalent photoconjugation of UC-ACD to Caco-2 cells showed 4-fold higher retention than observed with cells that were not irradiated in vitro. Next, athymic mice expressing Caco-2 tumors showed 5-fold greater UC-ACD accumulation in the tumors than either conjugates without the CD enzyme or UC-ACDs in the absence of NIR excitation. With oral administration of 5-FC prodrug, tumors with photoconjugated UC-ACD yielded 2-fold slower growth than control groups, and median mouse survival increased from 28 days to 35 days. These experiments demonstrate that enzyme-decorated nanoparticles can remain viable after a single covalent photoconjugation in vivo, which can in turn localize prodrug conversion to tumor sites for multiple weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambojit Roy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shane D. Curry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Conrad Corbella Bagot
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Evan N. Mueller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Abdulrahman M. Mansouri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wounjhang Park
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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18
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Ali A, Ali A, Salahuddin, Bakht MA, Ahsan MJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of N-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2-Oxoquinoline-1(2 H)-Carbothioamides. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1924210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Murugan D, Rangasamy L. A perspective to weaponize microRNAs against lung cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:18-32. [PMID: 36262424 PMCID: PMC9556932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are regulatory RNAs that silence specific mRNA by binding to it, inducing translational repression. Over the recent decades since the discovery of RNA interference, the field of microRNA therapeutics has expanded tremendously. The role of miRNAs in disease development has attracted researchers to investigate their potential in therapeutics. In lung cancer, multiple miRNAs are deregulated, and their involvement is observed in cell proliferation, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, synthetic oligonucleotides are developed to downregulate the overexpressed miRNA or to upregulate the repressed miRNA. However, their clinical efficiency is limited due to the requirement for an effective delivery strategy. Advances in the current understanding of nanotechnology, biomaterial science, and disease molecular pathology have increased the chances of overcoming the limitations of miRNA-based therapy. This review enlists downregulated and upregulated miRNAs in lung cancer. This review also highlights the major contributions to miRNA-based therapeutics for lung cancer and strategies to overcome endosomal barriers. It also attempts to understand the nuances between current advancements in delivery methods, advantages, disadvantages, and practical issues for the large-scale development of miRNA-based therapeutics. Multiple miRNAs are deregulated in lung cancer, and they are involved in tumor progression. Synthetic oligonucleotides downregulate the overexpressed miRNA or to upregulate the repressed miRNA. This review also highlights the major contributions to miRNA-based therapeutics for lung cancer. It also attempts to understand the nuances between current advancements in delivery methods, advantages, disadvantages, and practical issues for the large-scale development of miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Murugan
- Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Biosciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Drug Discovery Unit (DDU), Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Furman O, Zaporozhets A, Tobi D, Bazylevich A, Firer MA, Patsenker L, Gellerman G, Lubin BCR. Novel Cyclic Peptides for Targeting EGFR and EGRvIII Mutation for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071505. [PMID: 35890400 PMCID: PMC9318536 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-EGFR) pathway has become the main focus of selective chemotherapeutic intervention. As a result, two classes of EGFR inhibitors have been clinically approved, namely monoclonal antibodies and small molecule kinase inhibitors. Despite an initial good response rate to these drugs, most patients develop drug resistance. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed. In this work, we aimed to find a new EGFR-specific, short cyclic peptide, which could be used for targeted drug delivery. Phage display peptide technology and biopanning were applied to three EGFR expressing cells, including cells expressing the EGFRvIII mutation. DNA from the internalized phage was extracted and the peptide inserts were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Eleven peptides were selected for further investigation using binding, internalization, and competition assays, and the results were confirmed by confocal microscopy and peptide docking. Among these eleven peptides, seven showed specific and selective binding and internalization into EGFR positive (EGFR+ve) cells, with two of them—P6 and P9—also demonstrating high specificity for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma cells, respectively. These peptides were chemically conjugated to camptothecin (CPT). The conjugates were more cytotoxic to EGFR+ve cells than free CPT. Our results describe a novel cyclic peptide, which can be used for targeted drug delivery to cells overexpressing the EGFR and EGFRvIII mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Furman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Alisa Zaporozhets
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Dror Tobi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Michael A. Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Bat Chen R. Lubin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-6554655
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21
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Xu Z, Huang L, Zhang T, Liu Y, Fang F, Wu X, Chen W, Lan L, Zhang Y, Li N, Hu P. Shikonin inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells via FAK/AKT/GSK3β signalling. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:304. [PMID: 35949620 PMCID: PMC9353239 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies of the female reproductive system. Shikonin, a naphthoquinone pigment extracted from the traditional medicinal herb, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been demonstrated to exert significant inhibitory effects on a variety of tumours in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of shikonin on cervical cancer and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The effects of shikonin on the viability on HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells was examined using cell counting kit (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the levels of the proliferation-related protein, Ki67. Western blot analysis was utilized to measure the phosphorylated and total expression levels of proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), AKT, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Cell migration was determined by using wound healing assay. Metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1), TGFβ1 and VEGF mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. It was demonstrated that, shikonin inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. The data of the present study revealed that shikonin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, shikonin blocked the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by downregulating the phosphorylation of FAK, AKT and GSK3β induced by EGF. In addition, shikonin significantly suppressed cell migration and reduced the expression of migration-related proteins, including MTA1, TGFβ1 and VEGF. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that shikonin may exert an inhibitory effect on the cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration through the FAK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. These findings suggest that shikonin may function as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Liru Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingning Lan
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
| | - Yangbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
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22
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Kalsoom F, Khan MI, Gao S, Unar A, Zubair M, Bilal M. Mechanisms of gene regulation by histone degradation in adaptation of yeast: an overview of recent advances. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:287. [PMID: 35482104 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histones are important component of eukaryotic cells chromatin and consist of arginine and lysine residues. Histones play an important role in the protection of DNA. Their contents significantly affect high-level chromatin structure formation, gene expression, DNA replication, and other important life activities. Protein degradation is an important regulatory mechanism of histone content. Recent studies have revealed that modification of amino acid sequence is directly related to histone breakdown. In addition, histone degradation is closely related to covalent modifications, such as ubiquitination and acetylation, which are considered to be driving factors in gene regulation. Gene regulation is an important mechanism in adaptation to the environment and survival of species. With the introduction of highly efficient technology, various mutations in histones have been identified in yeast. In the field of epigenetics and the transmission of chromatin states, two widely used model organisms are the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Higher eukaryotes can use their silent loci to maintain their epigenetic states and providing the base to investigate mechanisms underlying development. Therfore, both species have contributed a plethora of information on these mechanisms in both yeast and higher eukaryotes. This study focuses on the role of histone modifications in controlling telomeric silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and centromeric silencing in S. pombe as examples of genetic loci that demonstrate epigenetic inheritance. In view of recent advances, this review focuses on the post-translational modification of histone amino acid residues and reviews the relationship between histone degradation and amino acid residue modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, District headquarters hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahsanullah Unar
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Das A, Greco G, Kumar S, Catanzaro E, Morigi R, Locatelli A, Schols D, Alici H, Tahtaci H, Ravindran F, Fimognari C, Karki SS. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity, molecular docking and ADME study of some indolin-2-one linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, the efficiency of tumor treatment has been significantly improved. More attention has been paid to targeted therapy and immunotherapy as the key to precision treatment of cancer. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become one of the most important targeted treatments for various cancers. Comparing with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeting EGFR is highly selective in killing tumor cells with better safety, tolerability and less side effect. In addition, tumor immunotherapy has become the fourth largest tumor therapy after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, these treatments still produce a certain degree of drug resistance. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were found to play a key role in carcinogenesis, treatment and regulation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the past few years. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the targeted treatment of cancers and the functions of ncRNAs in cancer treatment.
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25
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Mu Z, Guo J, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhou M, Guo Y, Hou Y, Gao X, Han X, Geng L. Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Skin Diseases: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1871-1895. [PMID: 34961421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is one of the primary active components extracted from the dried root ofZicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Onosma paniculata, or Arnebia euchroma), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Shikonin is known to not only exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities, but also play a crucial role in triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, suppressing the release of exosomes, and inducing apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that shikonin has a protective effect against skin diseases, including psoriasis, melanoma, and hypertrophic scars. In order to evaluate the application potential of shikonin in the treatment of skin diseases, this review is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the uses of shikonin and its derivatives on skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anti-dermatosis effects of shikonin to bridge the gaps in the literature, thereby providing scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from a traditional medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Mu
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N, Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, 123N, Yixian Road, Torch Zone, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
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26
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Paterson K, Paterson S, Mulholland T, Coffelt S, Zagnoni M. Assessment of CAR-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 3D microfluidic cancer co-culture models for combination therapy. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 3:86-95. [PMID: 35813488 PMCID: PMC9252335 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2022.3178302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is efficacious against many haematological malignancies, but challenges remain when using this cellular immunotherapy for treating solid tumours. Classical 2D in vitro models fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, whilst in vivo models, such as patient-derived xenografts, are costly and labour intensive. Microfluidic technologies can provide miniaturized solutions to assess CAR-T therapies in 3D complex preclinical models of solid tumours. Here, we present a novel microfluidic immunoassay for the evaluation of CAR-T cell cytotoxicity and targeting specificity on 3D spheroids containing cancer cells and stromal cells. Monitoring the interaction between CAR-T cells and spheroid co-cultures, we show that CAR-T cells home towards target-expressing cancer cells and elicit a cytotoxic effect. Testing CAR-T cells in combination therapies, we show that CAR-T cell cytotoxicity is enhanced with anti-PD-L1 therapy and carboplatin chemotherapy. We propose this proof-of-concept microfluidic immunoassay as a material-saving, pre-clinical screening tool for quantification of cell therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Paterson
- ScreenIn3D Limited, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Seth Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- EEE, Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, G1 1XW
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27
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Roy S, Curry SD, Bibbey MG, Chapnick DA, Liu X, Goodwin AP, Cha JN. Effect of covalent photoconjugation of affibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cellular quiescence. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:187-198. [PMID: 34676884 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible state of cell cycle arrest whereby cells are temporarily maintained in the nondividing phase. Inducing quiescence in cancer cells by targeting growth receptors is a treatment strategy to slow cell growth in certain aggressive tumors, which in turn increases the efficacy of treatments such as surgery or systemic chemotherapy. However, ligand interactions with cell receptors induce receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by proteolytic degradation, which limits the duration of cellular quiescence. Here, we report the effects of targeted covalent affibody photoconjugation to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on EGFR-positive MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. First, covalently conjugating affibodies to cells increased doubling time two-fold and reduced ERK activity by 30% as compared to cells treated with an FDA-approved anti-EGFR antibody Cetuximab, which binds to EGFR noncovalently. The distribution of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was determined, and cells conjugated with the affibody demonstrated an accumulation in the G1 phase, indicative of G1 cell cycle arrest. Finally, the proliferative capacity of the cells was determined by the incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine and Ki67 Elisa assay, which showed that the percentage of proliferative cells with photoconjugated affibody was half of that found for the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambojit Roy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Shane D Curry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael G Bibbey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas A Chapnick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew P Goodwin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cha
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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28
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Li D, Lin S, Hong J, Ho M. Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:415-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Fekry T, Salem M, Abd-Elaziz A, Muawia S, Naguib Y, Khalil H. Anticancer Properties of Selenium-Enriched Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, in Colon Cancer In-Vitro. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:1-20. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022045181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Zhang JH, Zhan L, Zhao MY, Wang JJ, Xie FF, Xu ZY, Xu Q, Cao YX, Liu QW. Role of EGFR expressed on the granulosa cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971564. [PMID: 36440230 PMCID: PMC9691951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinological disorders affecting between 6 to 20% of reproductive aged women. However, the etiology of PCOS is still unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the growth and development of ovarian follicles. In our previous study, we showed that the expression level of EGFR was significantly higher in the cumulus granulosa cells from women with PCOS than that of normal women, suggesting that EGFR may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The present study further evaluated the association between EGFR and PCOS through both in clinical observation and animal experiments. We firstly validated the differential expression of EGFR in cumulus granulosa cells between PCOS patients and normal subjects by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Then we generated a mouse model (n=20) of PCOS by injecting dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The PCOS mice were then injected with an E corpus GFR inhibitor (AG1478) (n=10), which significantly improved the sex hormone levels in the estrous cycle stage, and the serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were compared with the PCOS mice without EGFR inhibitor treatment (n=10). Decreasing the expression level of EGFR in the PCOS mice also improved the ovulatory function of their ovaries which was indicated by the multifarious follicle stage in these mice as compared with the PCOS mice without EGFR inhibitor treatment. Also, the number of corpopa lutea were higher in the control group and the EGFR inhibitor treated group than in the PCOS group. The sex hormone levels and reproductive function were not significantly different between the control mice and the PCOS mice treated with the EGFR inhibitor. Our results demonstrated that EGF/EGFR signaling affected the proliferation of cumulus granulosa cells, oocyte maturation and meiosis, and played a potential role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Therefore, the selective inhibition of EGFR may serve as a novel strategy for the clinical management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Ye Zhao
- Interventional Operating Room, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Juan Wang
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fen-Fen Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zu-Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Xia Cao, ; Qi-Wei Liu,
| | - Qi-Wei Liu
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Xia Cao, ; Qi-Wei Liu,
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31
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Pathogenesis of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Update and Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010251. [PMID: 35008677 PMCID: PMC8745288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm with dual pathogenesis (human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent). The development of targeted treatment is hindered by poor knowledge of the molecular landscape of PSCC. We performed a thorough review of genetic alterations of PSCC focused on somatic mutations and/or copy number alterations. A total of seven articles have been identified which, overall, include 268 PSCC. However, the series are heterogeneous regarding methodologies employed for DNA sequencing and HPV detection together with HPV prevalence, and include, in general, a limited number of cases, which results in markedly different findings. Reported top-ranked mutations involve TP53, CDKN2A, FAT1, NOTCH-1 and PIK3CA. Numerical alterations involve gains in MYC and EGFR, as well as amplifications in HPV integration loci. A few genes including TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA and CCND1 harbor both somatic mutations and copy number alterations. Notch, RTK-RAS and Hippo pathways are frequently deregulated. Nevertheless, the relevance of the identified alterations, their role in signaling pathways or their association with HPV status remain elusive. Combined targeting of different pathways might represent a valid therapeutic approach in PSCC. This work calls for large-scale sequencing studies with robust HPV testing to improve the genomic understanding of PSCC.
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32
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Linear Ubiquitination Mediates EGFR-Induced NF-κB Pathway and Tumor Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111875. [PMID: 34769306 PMCID: PMC8585052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that instigates several signaling cascades, including the NF-κB signaling pathway, to induce cell differentiation and proliferation. Overexpression and mutations of EGFR are found in up to 30% of solid tumors and correlate with a poor prognosis. Although it is known that EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation is involved in tumor development, the signaling axis is not well elucidated. Here, we found that plakophilin 2 (PKP2) and the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) were required for EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation. Upon EGF stimulation, EGFR recruited PKP2 to the plasma membrane, and PKP2 bridged HOIP, the catalytic E3 ubiquitin ligase in the LUBAC, to the EGFR complex. The recruitment activated the LUBAC complex and the linear ubiquitination of NEMO, leading to IκB phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation. Furthermore, EGF-induced linear ubiquitination was critical for tumor cell proliferation and tumor development. Knockout of HOIP impaired EGF-induced NF-κB activity and reduced cell proliferation. HOIP knockout also abrogated the growth of A431 epidermal xenograft tumors in nude mice by more than 70%. More importantly, the HOIP inhibitor, HOIPIN-8, inhibited EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation and cell proliferation of A431, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Overall, our study reveals a novel linear ubiquitination signaling axis of EGFR and that perturbation of HOIP E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is potential targeted cancer therapy.
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33
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Pekar L, Klewinghaus D, Arras P, Carrara SC, Harwardt J, Krah S, Yanakieva D, Toleikis L, Smider VV, Kolmar H, Zielonka S. Milking the Cow: Cattle-Derived Chimeric Ultralong CDR-H3 Antibodies and Their Engineered CDR-H3-Only Knobbody Counterparts Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Elicit Potent NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742418. [PMID: 34759924 PMCID: PMC8573386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have generated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific cattle-derived ultralong CDR-H3 antibodies by combining cattle immunization with yeast surface display. After immunization, ultralong CDR-H3 regions were specifically amplified and grafted onto an IGHV1-7 scaffold by homologous recombination to facilitate Fab display. Antigen-specific clones were readily obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and reformatted as chimeric antibodies. Binning experiments revealed epitope targeting of domains I, II, and IV of EGFR with none of the generated binders competing with Cetuximab, Matuzumab, or EGF for binding to EGFR. Cattle-derived chimeric antibodies were potent in inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells with potencies (EC50 killing) in the picomolar range. Moreover, most of the antibodies were able to significantly inhibit EGFR-mediated downstream signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a minor fraction of CDR-H3 knobs derived from generated antibodies was capable of independently functioning as a paratope facilitating EGFR binding when grafted onto the Fc part of human IgG1. Besides slightly to moderately diminished capacities, these engineered Knobbodies largely retained main properties of their parental antibodies such as cellular binding and triggering of ADCC. Hence, Knobbodies might emerge as promising tools for biotechnological applications upon further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pekar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Klewinghaus
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul Arras
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Harwardt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vaughn V. Smider
- The Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Kwon YM, Kim SH, Jung YS, Kwak JH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of ( S)-2-(Substituted arylmethyl)-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2- a]indole-3-carboxamide Analogs and Their Synergistic Effect against PTEN-Deficient MDA-MB-468 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100974. [PMID: 34681198 PMCID: PMC8537755 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of twenty-six compounds of furfuryl or benzyl tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole analogs were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-expressed triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468). Among them, compounds 2b, 2f and 2i showed more potent activity and selectivity against MDA-MB-468 cells than gefitinib, as an EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In addition, it was confirmed by means of isobologram analysis of combinational treatment with gefitinib that they have a synergistic effect, especially compounds 2b and 2f, which inhibit Akt T308 phosphorylation. Moreover, it was confirmed that 2-benzyl-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-3-carboxamide analogs (2b, 2f, and Ref 2) tend to selectively inhibit PI3Kβ, which is involved in the phosphorylation of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Mi Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2816 (Y.-S.J.); +82-51-663-4889 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2816 (Y.-S.J.); +82-51-663-4889 (J.-H.K.)
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Ghadaksaz A, Imani Fooladi AA, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Nejad Satari T, Amin M. ARA-linker-TGFαL3: a novel chimera protein to target breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2021; 38:96. [PMID: 34273028 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies based on overexpressed receptors and the fractions containing immunotoxins and bacterial metabolites are one of the well-known methods to overcome the chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells. In this paper, we designed ARA-linker-TGFαL3, using Arazyme, a Serratia proteamaculans metabolite, and a third loop segment of TGFα to target EGFR-expressing breast cancer cells. After cloning in pET28a (+), the expression of recombinant protein was optimized in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). MDA-MB-468 (EGFR positive) and MDA-MB-453 (EGFR negative) breast cancer cell lines were employed. Also, the chemotherapeutic drug, Taxotere (Docetaxel), was employed to compare cytotoxicity effects. Cell ELISA assessed the binding affinity of recombinant proteins to the receptor, and the cytotoxicity was detected by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. The interfacing with cancer cell adhesion was evaluated. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis was examined utilizing flow cytometric analysis, and caspase-3 activity assay. Moreover, RT-PCR was conducted to study the expression of apoptosis (bax, bcl2, and casp3), angiogenesis (vegfr2), and metastasis (mmp2 and mmp9) genes. ARA-linker-TGFαL3 revealed a higher binding affinity, cytotoxicity, and early apoptosis induction in MDA-MB-468 cells compared to the effects of Arazyme while both recombinant proteins showed similar effects on MDA-MB-453. In addition, the Taxotere caused the highest cytotoxicity on cancer cells through induction of late apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of angiogenesis and metastasis genes was decreased in both cell lines after treatment with either ARA-linker-TGFαL3 or Arazyme. Our in vitro results indicated the therapeutic effect of ARA-linker-TGFαL3 on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Nejad Satari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ge X, Zhang Y, Huang F, Wu Y, Pang J, Li X, Fan F, Liu H, Li S. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Almonertinib induces apoptosis and autophagy mediated by reactive oxygen species in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S49-S62. [PMID: 34219533 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Almonertinib, a new third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly selective to EGFR T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no available information on the form and molecular mechanism of Almonertinib-induced death in NSCLC cells. Herein, CCK-8 and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and western blots assay showed that Almonertinib inhibited NSCLC cells growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy which can be inhibited by a broad spectrum of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, Almonertinib-induced autophagy was cytoprotective in NSCLC cells, and the blockade of autophagy improved cell apoptosis. In addition, Almonertinib increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and clearance of ROS through pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the decrease of cell viability, apoptosis and increase of LC3-II induced by Almonertinib. The results of Western blot showed that both EGFR activity and downstream signaling pathways were inhibited by Almonertinib. Taken together, these findings indicated that Almonertinib induced apoptosis and autophagy by promoting ROS production in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ge
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - F Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - J Pang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - F Fan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - S Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Ortíz R, Quiñonero F, García-Pinel B, Fuel M, Mesas C, Cabeza L, Melguizo C, Prados J. Nanomedicine to Overcome Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Colon and Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Progress. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2058. [PMID: 33923200 PMCID: PMC8123136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance is one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure. This phenomenon occurs very frequently in different types of cancer, including colon and pancreatic cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, nanomedicine has improved the delivery and efficacy of drugs, and has decreased their side effects. In addition, it has allowed to design drugs capable of avoiding certain resistance mechanisms of tumors. In this article, we review the main resistance mechanisms in colon and pancreatic cancers, along with the most relevant strategies offered by nanodrugs to overcome this obstacle. These strategies include the inhibition of efflux pumps, the use of specific targets, the development of nanomedicines affecting the environment of cancer-specific tissues, the modulation of DNA repair mechanisms or RNA (miRNA), and specific approaches to damage cancer stem cells, among others. This review aims to illustrate how advanced nanoformulations, including polymeric conjugates, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, metallic and carbon-based nanoparticles, are allowing to overcome one of the main limitations in the treatment of colon and pancreatic cancers. The future development of nanomedicine opens new horizons for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortíz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Pinel
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Marco Fuel
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (R.O.); (F.Q.); (B.G.-P.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (L.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
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38
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Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Dianthin Targeting for Controlled Drug Release Using the Endosomal Escape Enhancer SO1861. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041057. [PMID: 33924180 PMCID: PMC8074366 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Targeted tumor therapy can provide the basis for the inhibition of tumor growth. However, a number of toxin-based therapeutics lack efficacy because of insufficient endosomal escape after being internalized by endocytosis. To address this problem, the potential of glycosylated triterpenoids, such as SO1861, as endosomal escape enhancers (EEE) for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-based toxin therapy was investigated. Herein, two different SPION-based particle systems were synthesized, each selectively functionalized with either the targeted toxin, dianthin-epidermal growth factor (DiaEGF), or the EEE, SO1861. After applying both particle systems in vitro, an almost 2000-fold enhancement in tumor cell cytotoxicity compared to the monotherapy with SPION-DiaEGF and a 6.7-fold gain in specificity was observed. Thus, the required dose of the formulation was appreciably reduced, and the therapeutic window widened.
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39
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Anti-EGFR antibody 528 binds to domain III of EGFR at a site shifted from the cetuximab epitope. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5790. [PMID: 33707468 PMCID: PMC7952593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have been widely used for cancer therapy owing to their ability to distinguish cancer cells by recognizing cancer-specific antigens. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising target for the cancer therapeutics, against which several antibody clones have been developed and brought into therapeutic use. Another antibody clone, 528, is an antagonistic anti-EGFR antibody, which has been the focus of our antibody engineering studies to develop cancer drugs. In this study, we explored the interaction of 528 with the extracellular region of EGFR (sEGFR) via binding analyses and structural studies. Dot blotting experiments with heat treated sEGFR and surface plasmon resonance binding experiments revealed that 528 recognizes the tertiary structure of sEGFR and exhibits competitive binding to sEGFR with EGF and cetuximab. Single particle analysis of the sEGFR-528 Fab complex via electron microscopy clearly showed the binding of 528 to domain III of sEGFR, the domain to which EGF and cetuximab bind, explaining its antagonistic activity. Comparison between the two-dimensional class average and the cetuximab/sEGFR crystal structure revealed that 528 binds to a site that is shifted from, rather than identical to, the cetuximab epitope, and may exclude known drug-resistant EGFR mutations.
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40
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Lakshmi S, Renjitha J, B Sasidhar S, Priya S. Epoxyazadiradione induced apoptosis/anoikis in triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, by modulating diverse cellular effects. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-17. [PMID: 33684251 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive forms of its kind, which accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers. As this cancer form lacks hormone receptors, targeted chemotherapy remains the best treatment option. Apoptosis and anoikis (detachment-induced cell death) induction by small molecules can prevent TNBC metastasis to a greater extent. Epoxyazadiradione (EAD) is a limonoid from the neem plant with an anticancer property. Here, we demonstrate that EAD induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and anoikis in TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231). Apart from this, it promotes antimigration, inhibition of colony formation, downregulation of MMP-9 and fibronectin, induction of G2/M phase arrest with downregulation of cyclin A2/cdk2, interference in cellular metabolism, and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) nuclear translocation. Moreover, a significant reduction is observed in the expression of EGFR on the plasma membrane and nucleus upon treatment with EAD. Among the diverse cellular effects, anoikis induction, metabolic interference, and downregulation of membrane/nuclear EGFR expression by EAD are reported here for the first time. To summarize, EAD targets multiple cellular events to induce growth arrest in TNBC, and hence can be developed into the best antineoplastic agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreerenjini Lakshmi
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jalaja Renjitha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Somappa B Sasidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sulochana Priya
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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41
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Zhang M, Cai H, Du Y, Wang Y, Gong J, Xu J, Liu X. Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Gefitinib in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer through Drug Combination. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1397-1407. [PMID: 33471533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences tumorigenesis, so TME-targeted therapy has attracted widespread attention. We have previously demonstrated that the combination of dipyridamole, bestatin, and dexamethasone (DBD mix, DBDx) is effective against heterogeneous human pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in mouse xenograft models. To further expand the therapeutic potential of this drug combination, herein, we investigated the antitumor efficacy and the underlying mechanism of DBDx and the combination of DBDx and gefitinib in different mouse xenograft models of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Three human cancer cell lines H460, PG, and A431 were used to determine the apoptosis and growth inhibition induced by DBDx, gefitinib, and their combinations. Changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed following treatment using western blotting. In vitro, DBDx strongly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, whereas the combined treatment exhibited a significant synergistic effect. Compared with DBDx, the combination treatment further induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of molecules associated with EGFR signaling pathway. In vivo, compared with DBDx alone, the combination treatment distinctly inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human NSCLC. Overall, our results indicate that the combination of DBDx and gefitinib in the treatment of human NSCLC is very promising, which warrants further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yuexuan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantanxili, Beijing 100050, China
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42
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Özenver N, Boulos JC, Efferth T. Activity of Cordycepin From Cordyceps sinensis Against Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells as Determined by Gene Expression and Drug Sensitivity Profiling. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21993350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is one of the substantial components of the parasitic fungus Cordyceps sinensis as well as other Cordyceps species. It exerts various effects such as antimetastatic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Assorted studies revealed in vitro and in vivo anticancer influence of cordycepin and put forward its potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of multidrug resistance-associated mechanisms for the antitumor effect of cordycepin has not been investigated in great detail thus far. Therefore, we searched cordycepin’s cytotoxicity with regard to well-known anticancer drug resistance mechanisms, including ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, ABCG2, EGFR, and TP53, and identified putative molecular determinants related to the cellular responsiveness of cordycepin. Bioinformatic analyses of NCI microarray data and gene promoter transcription factor binding motif analyses were performed to specify the mechanisms of cordycepin towards cancer cells. COMPARE and hierarchical analyses led to the detection of the genes involved in cordycepin’s cytotoxicity and sensitivity and resistance of cell lines towards cordycepin. Tumor-type dependent response and cross-resistance profiles were further unravelled. We found transcription factors potentially involved in the common transcriptional regulation of the genes identified by COMPARE analyses. Cordycepin bypassed resistance mediated by the expression of ATP-binding cassete (ABC) transporters (P-gp, ABCB5, ABCC1 and BCRP) and mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The drug sensitivity profiles of several DNA Topo I and II inhibitors were significantly correlated with those of cordycepin’s activity. Among eight different tumor types, prostate cancer was the most sensitive, whereas renal carcinoma was the most resistant to cordycepin. NF-κB was discovered as a common transcription factor. The potential of cordycepin is set forth as a potential new drug lead by bioinformatic evaluations. Further experimental studies are warranted for better understanding of cordycepin’s activity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C. Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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43
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Jang EJ, Sung JY, Yoo HE, Jang H, Shim J, Oh ES, Goh SH, Kim YN. FAM188B Downregulation Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Anoikis via EGFR Downregulation and Inhibits Tumor Metastasis In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020247. [PMID: 33440835 PMCID: PMC7826942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells should acquire anoikis resistance for successful metastasis. Family with sequence similarity 188 member B (FAM188B) has been identified as a new deubiquitinase (DUB) member. Here, we demonstrate that FAM188B knockdown makes lung cancer cells sensitive to anoikis and inhibits lung metastasis. FAM188B knockdown reduced the levels of tumor proteins such as EGFR and FOXM1, suggesting that FAM188B may be a potential target controlling tumor malignancies. Abstract Anoikis is a type of apoptosis induced by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which removes mislocalized cells. Acquisition of anoikis resistance is critical for cancer cells to survive during circulation and, thus, metastasize at a secondary site. Although the sensitization of cancer cells to anoikis is a potential strategy to prevent metastasis, the mechanism underlying anoikis resistance is not well defined. Although family with sequence similarity 188 member B (FAM188B) is predicted as a new deubiquitinase (DUB) member, its biological function has not been fully studied. In this study, we demonstrated that FAM188B knockdown sensitized anoikis of lung cancer cell lines expressing WT-EGFR (A549 and H1299) or TKI-resistant EGFR mutant T790M/L858R (H1975). FAM188B knockdown using si-FAM188B inhibited the growth of all three human lung cancer cell lines cultured in both attachment and suspension conditions. FAM188B knockdown resulted in EGFR downregulation and thus decreased its activity. FAM188B knockdown decreased the activities of several oncogenic proteins downstream of EGFR that are involved in anoikis resistance, including pAkt, pSrc, and pSTAT3, with little changes to their protein levels. Intriguingly, si-FAM188B treatment increased EGFR mRNA levels but decreased its protein levels, which was reversed by treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, indicating that FAM188B regulates EGFR levels via the proteasomal pathway. In addition, cells transfected with si-FAM188B had decreased expression of FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor involved in cell growth and survival. Moreover, FAM188B downregulation reduced metastatic characteristics, such as cell adhesion, invasion, and migration, as well as growth in 3D culture conditions. Finally, tail vein injection of si-FAM188B-treated A549 cells resulted in a decrease in lung metastasis and an increase in mice survival in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that FAM188B plays an important role in anoikis resistance and metastatic characteristics by maintaining the levels of various oncogenic proteins and/or their activity, leading to tumor malignancy. Our study suggests FAM188B as a potential target for controlling tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Jang
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jee Young Sung
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Ha-Eun Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Division of Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.G.); (Y.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2477 (S.-H.G.); +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); Fax: +82-31-920-2468 (S.-H.G.)
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (J.Y.S.); (H.-E.Y.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.G.); (Y.-N.K.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2477 (S.-H.G.); +82-31-920-2415 (Y.-N.K.); Fax: +82-31-920-2468 (S.-H.G.)
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Yang X, Zhai Y, Bi N, Zhang T, Deng L, Wang W, Wang X, Chen D, Zhou Z, Wang L, Liang J. Radiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab for elderly esophageal cancer patients: A phase II clinical trial. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:53-60. [PMID: 33707928 PMCID: PMC7941689 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy for elderly patients with non-resectable esophageal carcinoma (EC). Methods Eligible patients were aged 70 years or older and had treatment-naïve, histologically proven inoperable locally advanced EC. Enrolled patients received radiotherapy with a total dose of 50−60 Gy in 25−30 fractions, concurrent with weekly infusion of nimotuzumab. The primary end point was the rate of more than grade 3 toxicities. Results From June 2011 to July 2016, 46 patients with stage II−IV EC with a median age of 76.5 years were enrolled. There were 10, 28 and 8 patients with stage II, III and IV disease, respectively. The common acute toxicities included esophagitis (grade 1−2, 75.4%; grade 3, 8.7%), pneumonitis (grade 1, 4.3%; grade 2, 6.5%; grade 3, 2.2%), leukopenia (grade 1−2, 60.9%; grade 3−4, 4.4%), gastrointestinal reaction (grade 1−2, 17.3%; grade 3, 2.2%), thrombocytopenia (grade 1−2, 21.7%; grade 3, 2.2%), and radiothermitis (grade 1−2, 39.2%). The incidence of grade 3−4 adverse effects was 17.4%. No grade 5 toxicities were observed. Clinical complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were observed in 1 (2.2%), 31 (67.4%), 12 (26.1%), and 2 (4.3%) patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 17 and 10 months, respectively. The 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS and PFS rates were 30.4%, 21.7%, 19.6%, and 26.1%, 19.6%, 19.6%, respectively. Conclusions Nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy is a safe and effective therapy for elderly patients who are not surgical candidates. Further studies are warranted to confirm its therapeutic effects in elderly EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Yirui Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Dongfu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Zongmei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100121, China
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Subramanian S, Sridharan N, Balasundaram V, Chaudhari S. Efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab in unresectable, recurrent, and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A hospital-based retrospective evidence. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:188-192. [PMID: 30112336 PMCID: PMC6069342 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_87_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Role of nimotuzumab in locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is well established in India; however, no clinical evidence is available for its role in recurrent and/or metastatic HNC. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab when added to standard treatment in unresectable, recurrent, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Settings and Design: Hospital records of 14 patients diagnosed with recurrent and/or metastatic HNC with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma and being treated with nimotuzumab along with standard treatments from December 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Subjects and Methods: The tumor response rate and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Toxicity and adverse events (AEs) were assessed as per common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v 4. Results: Oral cavity was most commonly involved region followed by hypopharynx and oropharynx. At 24 weeks after completion of treatment, overall response rate (complete response (CR) + partial response (PR)) was 75%. Survival rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 77.80%, 64.81%, and 64.81%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 15.17 months, median OS was not reached. All AEs were either Grade I (66.7%) or Grade II (33.3%). No Grade III or Grade IV AEs were observed. No added toxicity was observed due to nimotuzumab. Conclusions: In the first of its kind study, the addition of nimotuzumab to standard treatment showed promising response rate as well as survival outcomes in recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN patients without producing additional toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Subramanian
- Department of Medical Oncology, VS Hospital and Cancer Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithya Sridharan
- Department of Medical Oncology, VS Hospital and Cancer Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Balasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VS Hospital and Cancer Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar A, Chakravarty N, Bhatnagar S, Chowdhary GS. Efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without Nimotuzumab in unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: Prospective comparative study - ESCORT-N study. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 8:108-111. [PMID: 31069191 PMCID: PMC6498712 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_38_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nimotuzumab is an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody which can be added to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to improve efficacy for management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LASCCHN). We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab with CRT for LASCCHN and compared with CRT alone. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 29 LASCCHN (Stage III–IVb) patients received Nimotuzumab plus CRT or CRT alone. Treatment included six cycles of cisplatin (40–50 mg/week) or carboplatin (area under the curve-based), nimotuzumab (200 mg/week), and radiotherapy (60–70 Gy). Tumor response was evaluated as per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria. MoS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Toxicity and adverse events (AE's) were assessed as per CTCAE v 4.0. Results: At 24 weeks after completion of treatment, the tumor response rate (complete response, partial response, stable disease) was 53.3% and 35.7% favoring nimotuzumab arm while progression of disease was 40% and 35.7% in Nimotuzumab plus CRT and CRT groups, respectively. However, the objective response rate was 57% and 30% in favor of nimotuzumab arm. At median follow-up of 45.5 months, MoS was 33 months in Nimotuzumab plus CRT and 27 months in CRT group. The 5-year survival rate was 33.3% in Nimotuzumab plus CRT versus 7.1% in CRT group. Nimotuzumab was observed to be safe with no additional AE's such as hypersensitivity, hypomagnesemia, and allergic reaction was reported. Conclusion: Addition of Nimotuzumab to standard CRT showed improved survival rate in unresectable, LASCCHN patients without producing additional toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilotpal Chakravarty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Army Hospital (R and R), Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Bhatnagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G S Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Oncologist, INHS Ashwini, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Chen C, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Fu S, Lin Z, Hong S, Zhang L. Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Combined with Gemcitabine Plus Platinum. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10353-10360. [PMID: 33116890 PMCID: PMC7585779 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s275947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity and safety of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody combined with gemcitabine plus platinum (GP) as a first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC). Patients and Methods This retrospective study analyzed RM-NPC patients at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center who received anti-EGFR antibody plus GP as a first-line treatment between July 2007 and November 2018. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method with Log rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.3 months (95% CI, 6.9–13.6 months), and the median overall survival (OS) was 42.8 months (95% CI, 24.6–60.9 months). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 67.9% and 92.9%, respectively. The multivariate analysis identified a higher baseline EBV DNA level as a risk factor for both PFS (P=0.025) and OS (P=0.013). Additionally, age≥44 years (P =0.003), non-cisplatin (P= 0.009), and poor KPS (≤80) (P =0.034) were other risk factors for OS. The most common adverse events were leukopenia (n=73, 86.9%). The most common grade 3–4 AEs were leukopenia (n=30, 35.7%) and thrombocytopenia (n=22, 26.2%). Conclusion Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody plus GP achieved promising antitumor activity with a tolerable toxicity profile in RM-NPC as a first-line treatment. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to compare the efficacy of GP with or without anti-EGFR antibody in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Fu
- Pathology Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Esgandari K, Mohammadian M, Zohdiaghdam R, Rastin SJ, Alidadi S, Behrouzkia Z. Combined treatment with silver graphene quantum dot, radiation, and 17-AAG induces anticancer effects in breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2817-2828. [PMID: 32901933 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the possible anticancer effects of radiation in combination with 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (17-AAG) and silver graphene quantum dot (SQD) in breast cancer (BC) cells. MCF-7 BC cells treated with, or without, different concentrations of 17-AAG and synthesized SQD and cellular viability detected. The growth inhibitory effects of low concentrations of 17-AAG with minimally toxic concentration of SQD in combination with 2 Gy of X-ray radiation were examined. The apoptosis induction assessed by acridine orange/ethedium bromide staining. Likewise, the levels of lactate, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The relative gene expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio was determined. Moreover, the protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was assessed by western blot analysis. Treatment with low concentrations of 17-AAG and SQD at a minimally toxic concentration promoted inhibition of BC cell growth and induced apoptosis. In addition, significant reduction in cell viability was seen in triple combination versus all double and single treatments. Indeed 17-AAG and SQD in combined with radiation significantly increased the H2 O2 and NO versus single and double treated cases. In addition, triple combination treatment showed decreased lactate level in compared tomonotherapies. EGFR protein expression levels were found to decreased in all double and triple combined cases versus single treatments. Additionally, in double and triple treatments, Bax/Bcl2 ratio were higher in compared to single treatments. Treatment with low concentrations of 17-AAG and SQD at a minimally toxic concentration tends to induce anticancer effects and increase the radiation effects when applied with 2 Gy of radiation versus radiation monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Esgandari
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Zohdiaghdam
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jafarzadeh Rastin
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saba Alidadi
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Behrouzkia
- Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
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Wang L, Lu YF, Wang CS, Xie YX, Zhao YQ, Qian YC, Liu WT, Wang M, Jiang BH. HB-EGF Activates the EGFR/HIF-1α Pathway to Induce Proliferation of Arsenic-Transformed Cells and Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1019. [PMID: 32695675 PMCID: PMC7338480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic was recently identified as a pollutant that is a major cause of lung cancer. Since heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) was reported to be a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer, we investigated the role and mechanism of HB-EGF during arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer. HB-EGF expression were upregulated in As-T cells, lung cancer cell lines, and in most lung cancer tissue samples; and HB-EGF activated the EGFR/p-ERK/HIF-1α pathway and induced VEGF by regulating HIF-1α transcription. HIF-1α transcriptional stimulation by HB-EGF was facilitated by PKM2 and played an important role in HB-EGF's effect on cells. An HB-EGF inhibitor(CRM197, cross-reacting material 197) slowed cell proliferation and inhibited migration of As-T and A549 cells, and inhibited tumor growth. PKM2 also played an important role in the proliferation and migration in As-T cells. The positive staining ratios of EGFR phosphorylation (Y1068) and PKM2 were significantly higher in most cases of lung cancer than in paired normal tumor-adjacent lung tissues; and HB-EGF expression levels strongly correlated with p-EGFR expression levels. Thus, HB-EGF drives arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and lung cancer development via the EGFR/PKM2/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Shan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Xia Xie
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Chen Qian
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Tao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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