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Martins BC, da Silva Ribeiro M, Teixeira AVS, Peixoto TC, Lisboa PC, Martins FF, Souza-Mello V, Daleprane JB. Consumption of interesterified palm oil leads inflammation of white adipose tissue and triggers metabolic disturbances in mice on a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12530. [PMID: 38822155 PMCID: PMC11143230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing obesity is linked to shifts in dietary patterns, particularly the increased intake of ultra-processed high-fat foods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interesterified palm oil consumption on glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue remodeling, and hepatic lipogenesis in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 15): the control group (C) fed a standard diet (4% soybean oil), the high-fat group (HF) (23.8% lard), the high palm oil fat group (HFP) (23.8% palm oil), and the high interesterified palm fat group (HFI) (23.8% interesterified palm oil) for 8 weeks (all groups received 50% energy from lipids). The HFI group exhibited higher body mass than the HF group (+ 11%, P < 0.05), which was attributed to an increased percentage of fat mass. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, insulin, and HOMA-IR were also elevated in the HFI group. Both the HFP and HFI groups showed hypertrophied adipocytes and pancreatic islets, increased alpha and beta cell masses, hepatic steatosis, low expression of genes related to beta-oxidation, and upregulated lipogenesis. In conclusion, the consumption of interesterified palm oil alters inflammatory and glucose profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cadete Martins
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara da Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ananda Vitoria Silva Teixeira
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Irvin MR, Montasser ME, Kind T, Fan S, Barupal DK, Patki A, Tanner RM, Armstrong ND, Ryan KA, Claas SA, O’Connell JR, Tiwari HK, Arnett DK. Genomics of Postprandial Lipidomics in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4000. [PMID: 34836252 PMCID: PMC8617762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inter-individual variation in the dietary response to a meal is known to be influenced by genetic factors, yet genes that dictate variation in postprandial lipids are not completely characterized. Genetic studies of the plasma lipidome can help to better understand postprandial metabolism by isolating lipid molecular species which are more closely related to the genome. We measured the plasma lipidome at fasting and 6 h after a standardized high-fat meal in 668 participants from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study (GOLDN) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 413 unique lipids were identified. Heritable and responsive lipid species were examined for association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. The most statistically significant SNP findings were replicated in the Amish Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study. We further followed up findings from GOLDN with a regional analysis of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) sites measured on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. A total of 132 lipids were both responsive to the meal challenge and heritable in the GOLDN study. After correction for multiple testing of 132 lipids (α = 5 × 10-8/132 = 4 × 10-10), no SNP was statistically significantly associated with any lipid response. Four SNPs in the region of a known lipid locus (fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2/FADS1 and FADS2) on chromosome 11 had p < 8.0 × 10-7 for arachidonic acid FA(20:4). Those SNPs replicated in HAPI Heart with p < 3.3 × 10-3. CpGs around the FADS1/2 region were associated with arachidonic acid and the relationship of one SNP was partially mediated by a CpG (p = 0.005). Both SNPs and CpGs from the fatty acid desaturase region on chromosome 11 contribute jointly and independently to the diet response to a high-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - May E. Montasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tobias Kind
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Sili Fan
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Rikki M. Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nicole D. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.M.T.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Kathleen A. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Steven A. Claas
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.E.M.); (K.A.R.); (J.R.O.)
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.P.); (H.K.T.)
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (S.A.C.); (D.K.A.)
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Ibi D, Noordam R, van Klinken JB, Li-Gao R, de Mutsert R, Trompet S, Christen T, Blauw LL, van Heemst D, Mook-Kanamori DO, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Dollé MET, Rensen PCN, van Dijk KW. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Postprandial Triglyceride Response Yields Common Genetic Variation in LIPC (Hepatic Lipase). CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002693. [PMID: 32603185 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations in response to a meal is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to elucidate the genetics of the postprandial TG response through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS Participants of the NEO (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity) study (n=5630) consumed a liquid mixed meal after an overnight fast. GWAS of fasting and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes were performed. To identify genetic variation of postprandial TG independent of fasting TG, we calculated the TG response at 150 minutes by the residuals of a nonlinear regression that predicted TG at 150 minutes as a function of fasting TG. Association analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and principal components in a linear regression model. Next, using the identified variants as determinants, we performed linear regression analyses on the residuals of the postprandial response of 149 nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite measures. RESULTS GWAS of fasting TG and postprandial serum TG at 150 minutes resulted in completely overlapping loci, replicating previous GWAS. From GWAS of the TG response, we identified rs7350789-A (allele frequency=0.36), mapping to hepatic lipase (LIPC), to be associated with a smaller increase in TG concentrations at 150 minutes (β=-0.11; P-value=5.1×10-8). Rs7350789-A was associated with responses of 33 metabolite measures (P-value <1.34×10-3), mainly smaller increases of the TG-component in almost all HDL (high-density lipoprotein) subparticles (HDL-TG), a smaller decrease of HDL diameter and smaller increases of most components of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) subparticles. CONCLUSIONS GWAS of the TG response identified a variant near LIPC as a main contributor to postprandial TG metabolism independent of fasting TG concentrations, resulting in smaller increases of HDL-TG and VLDL subparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ibi
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Tim Christen
- Department of Human Genetics (D.I., J.B.v.K., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Lisanne L Blauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine (R.N., D.v.H.)
| | | | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., R.d.M., D.O.M.-K., F.R.R.)
| | | | - Martijn E T Dollé
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (D.I., M.E.T.D.)
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (J.B.v.K., L.L.B., P.C.N.R., K.W.v.D.)
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4
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Love-Gregory L, Kraja AT, Allum F, Aslibekyan S, Hedman ÅK, Duan Y, Borecki IB, Arnett DK, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Ordovas JM, Hopkins PN, Grundberg E, Abumrad NA. Higher chylomicron remnants and LDL particle numbers associate with CD36 SNPs and DNA methylation sites that reduce CD36. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2176-2184. [PMID: 27729386 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) variants influence fasting lipids and risk of metabolic syndrome, but their impact on postprandial lipids, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unclear. We determined the effects of SNPs within a ∼410 kb region encompassing CD36 and its proximal and distal promoters on chylomicron (CM) remnants and LDL particles at fasting and at 3.5 and 6 h following a high-fat meal (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study, n = 1,117). Five promoter variants associated with CMs, four with delayed TG clearance and five with LDL particle number. To assess mechanisms underlying the associations, we queried expression quantitative trait loci, DNA methylation, and ChIP-seq datasets for adipose and heart tissues that function in postprandial lipid clearance. Several SNPs that associated with higher serum lipids correlated with lower adipose and heart CD36 mRNA and aligned to active motifs for PPARγ, a major CD36 regulator. The SNPs also associated with DNA methylation sites that related to reduced CD36 mRNA and higher serum lipids, but mixed-model analyses indicated that the SNPs and methylation independently influence CD36 mRNA. The findings support contributions of CD36 SNPs that reduce adipose and heart CD36 RNA expression to inter-individual variability of postprandial lipid metabolism and document changes in CD36 DNA methylation that influence both CD36 expression and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- Departments of Medical Sciences and Molecular Epidemiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JU, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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5
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Engelberg H. State-of the-Art Review : Endogenous Heparin Activity Deficiency and Atherosclerosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107602969600200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyman Engelberg
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and Thrombosis Research Institute, Loyola Medical School, Maywood, Illinois, U.S.A
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6
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Abstract
High levels of fasting circulating triglycerides (TG) represent an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In western countries, however, people spend most time in postprandial conditions, with continuous fluctuation of lipemia due to increased levels of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), including chylomicrons (CM), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and their remnants. Several factors contribute to postprandial lipid metabolism, including dietary, physiological, pathological and genetic factors. The presence of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity is associated with higher postprandial TG levels compared with healthy conditions; this association is present also in subjects with normal fasting TG levels. Increasing evidence indicates that impaired metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins contributes to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, suggesting that lifestyle modifications as well as pharmacological approaches aimed at reducing postprandial TG levels might help to decrease the cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis , Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo , Italy
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7
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Irvin MR, Zhi D, Aslibekyan S, Claas SA, Absher DM, Ordovas JM, Tiwari HK, Watkins S, Arnett DK. Genomics of post-prandial lipidomic phenotypes in the Genetics of Lipid lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99509. [PMID: 24905834 PMCID: PMC4048279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased postprandial lipid (PPL) response to dietary fat intake is a heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Variability in postprandial lipids results from the complex interplay of dietary and genetic factors. We hypothesized that detailed lipid profiles (eg, sterols and fatty acids) may help elucidate specific genetic and dietary pathways contributing to the PPL response. METHODS AND RESULTS We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry to quantify the change in plasma concentration of 35 fatty acids and 11 sterols between fasting and 3.5 hours after the consumption of a high-fat meal (PPL challenge) among 40 participants from the GOLDN study. Correlations between sterols, fatty acids and clinical measures were calculated. Mixed linear regression was used to evaluate associations between lipidomic profiles and genomic markers including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and methylation markers derived from the Affymetrix 6.0 array and the Illumina Methyl450 array, respectively. After the PPL challenge, fatty acids increased as well as sterols associated with cholesterol absorption, while sterols associated with cholesterol synthesis decreased. PPL saturated fatty acids strongly correlated with triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, and chylomicrons. Two SNPs (rs12247017 and rs12240292) in the sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 (SORBS1) gene were associated with b-Sitosterol after correction for multiple testing (P≤4.5*10(-10)). SORBS1 has been linked to obesity and insulin signaling. No other markers reached the genome-wide significance threshold, yet several other biologically relevant loci are highlighted (eg, PRIC285, a co-activator of PPARa). CONCLUSIONS Integration of lipidomic and genomic data has the potential to identify new biomarkers of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Claas
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steve Watkins
- Metabolon, Lipomics Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we discuss the postprandial pathophysiological mechanisms that promote vascular disease, the evidence for a role of postprandial lipaemia (PPL) in vascular disease and the effect of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors in PPL. RECENT FINDINGS PPL refers to the dynamic changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins (mainly in serum triglycerides) that occur after a fat load or a meal. Recent data indicate that postprandial or nonfasting triglyceride levels are better predictors of cardiovascular risk, suggesting that efficiency of postprandial handling of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins plays a role in the causation of vascular disease. SUMMARY The recent finding that postprandial serum triglyceride levels are even better than fasting serum triglyceride levels as predictors of vascular disease indicate that it is better to measure an index of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (in most cases serum triglyceride levels) in the postprandial period than in the postabsorptive fasting state. Moreover, by the time the postabsorptive state is reached, some of these proatherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes may be missed in the measurement.
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9
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Takahara M, Katakami N, Kaneto H, Noguchi M, Shimomura I. Evaluation of hypertriglyceridemia using non-fasting health checkup data in a Japanese population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:661-9. [PMID: 23604042 DOI: 10.5551/jat.17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Some employees have difficulty undergoing health checkups in the workplace in a fasting state. However, hypertriglyceridemia is usually diagnosed based on fasting triglyceride (TG) measurements. The current study investigated the performance of non-fasting health checkup data for predicting hypertriglyceridemia in a Japanese population. METHODS We recruited a total of 1,959 Japanese employees who had their fasting TG levels reexamined after undergoing initial health checkups under either a fasting (the fasting population; n= 856) or non-fasting state (the non-fasting population; n= 1103). Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a fasting TG level of ≥ 1.7 mmol/l. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the initial TG measurements for reexamination-detected hypertriglyceridemia was 0.85 in the fasting population and 0.83 in the non-fasting population. The area under the ROC curve of the initial TG measurements in the non-fasting population was not inferior to that of the multivariate model where other non-fasting health checkup data were added. The optimal non-fasting TG cutoff point was 2.0 mmol/l. The cutoff point was further lowered when the population was limited to patients undergoing health checkups four or more hours after their last meal and when the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the population was simulated to be reduced. CONCLUSIONS The non-fasting workplace TG measurements by themselves exhibited a tolerable performance for predicting hypertriglyceridemia. The optimal cutoff point in Japanese employees appears to be lower than 2.3 mmol/l, the recently proposed Western cutoff point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Uchida A, Whitsitt MC, Eustaquio T, Slipchenko MN, Leary JF, Cheng JX, Buhman KK. Reduced triglyceride secretion in response to an acute dietary fat challenge in obese compared to lean mice. Front Physiol 2012; 3:26. [PMID: 22375122 PMCID: PMC3285805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results in abnormally high levels of triglyceride (TG) storage in tissues such as liver, heart, and muscle, which disrupts their normal functions. Recently, we found that lean mice challenged with high levels of dietary fat store TGs in cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the absorptive cells of the intestine, enterocytes, and that this storage increases and then decreases over time after an acute dietary fat challenge. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on intestinal TG metabolism. More specifically we asked whether TG storage in and secretion from the intestine are altered in obesity. We investigated these questions in diet-induced obese (DIO) and leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice. We found greater levels of TG storage in the intestine of DIO mice compared to lean mice in the fed state, but similar levels of TG storage after a 6-h fast. In addition, we found similar TG storage in the intestine of lean and DIO mice at multiple time points after an acute dietary fat challenge. Surprisingly, we found remarkably lower TG secretion from both DIO and ob/ob mice compared to lean controls in response to an acute dietary fat challenge. Furthermore, we found altered mRNA levels for genes involved in regulation of intestinal TG metabolism in lean and DIO mice at 6 h fasting and in response to an acute dietary fat challenge. More specifically, we found that many of the genes related to TG synthesis, chylomicron synthesis, TG storage, and lipolysis were induced in response to an acute dietary fat challenge in lean mice, but this induction was not observed in DIO mice. In fact, we found a significant decrease in intestinal mRNA levels of genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in DIO mice in response to an acute dietary fat challenge. Our findings demonstrate altered TG handling by the small intestine of obese compared to lean mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Uchida
- Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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11
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Lee SH, Lee BW, Won HK, Moon JH, Kim KJ, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC. Postprandial Triglyceride Is Associated with Fasting Triglyceride and HOMA-IR in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35:404-10. [PMID: 21977461 PMCID: PMC3178702 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate postprandial triglyceride (TG) had a better association with cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome than fasting TG. The authors of the present study investigated the metabolic and clinical relevance of postprandial TG. METHODS In a cross-sectional retrospective study, the authors of the present study compared fasting and postprandial TG and analyzed the relationship between postprandial TG and various demographic and metabolic parameters in 639 Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D, group I, n=539) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG, group II, n=100) after ingestion of a standardized liquid meal (total 500 kcal, 17.5 g fat, 68.5 g carbohydrate, and 17.5 g protein). RESULTS Fasting and postprandial TG were significantly correlated (r=0.973, r=0.937, P<0.001) in group I and II, respectively. Of the variables, total cholesterol, waist circumference and body mass index were significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial TG in both groups. Only postprandial TG showed a significant correlation with glucose metabolic parameters (e.g., postprandial glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], and fasting C-peptide) in subjects with T2D. Multiple regression analysis showed fasting TG and HOMA-IR could be predictable variables for postprandial TG in subjects with T2D. CONCLUSION Postprandial TG was very strongly correlated with fasting TG. The authors of the present study suggest insulin resistance may be more associated with postprandial TG than fasting TG in Korean T2D patients on a low-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kwan Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, Bittner V, Criqui MH, Ginsberg HN, Goldberg AC, Howard WJ, Jacobson MS, Kris-Etherton PM, Lennie TA, Levi M, Mazzone T, Pennathur S. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:2292-333. [PMID: 21502576 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1245] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Kolovou GD, Kostakou PM, Anagnostopoulou KK. Familial hypercholesterolemia and triglyceride metabolism. Int J Cardiol 2011; 147:349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Kolovou GD, Kostakou PM, Anagnostopoulou KK, Cokkinos DV. Therapeutic effects of fibrates in postprandial lipemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2009; 8:243-55. [PMID: 18690758 DOI: 10.2165/00129784-200808040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is observed in many metabolic diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, or mixed dyslipidemia frequently leading to premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Additionally, several studies have shown that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is pronounced in patients with CHD, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and other pathologic conditions. The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants accumulating in the postprandial state seem to be involved in atherogenesis and in events leading to thrombosis. Since abnormal postprandial lipemia is associated with pathologic conditions, its treatment is of clinical importance.Fibrates are of significant help in managing hypertriglyceridemia. This review summarizes the effect of fibric acid derivatives on postprandial lipemia. Fibrates decrease the production of and enhance the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Results of clinical studies with fibrates have confirmed their action in decreasing postprandial triglyceride levels by increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, decreasing apolipoprotein CIII production, and by increasing fatty acid oxidation in the liver.It is concluded that fibrates are effective agents in lowering the postprandial increase in remnant lipoprotein particles and retinyl palmitate. Furthermore, fibrates can also affect the postprandial lipid profile by increasing hepatic lipase levels and in some cases, by reducing cholesterol ester transfer protein activity. The main target of fibrate therapy is to improve fasting hypertriglyceridemia, which is an essential component associated with improving postprandial lipemia. Fibrates are well tolerated by patients and adverse effects have been reported rarely after their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa D Kolovou
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Lekhal S, Børvik T, Nordøy A, Hansen JB. Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity and increased postprandial concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in offspring of elderly survivors of myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:700-706. [PMID: 18194851 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A family history of myocardial infarction (MI) is an independent risk factor for future coronary events. Decreased plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is associated with delayed clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and low fasting HDL cholesterol. The aim of the study was to investigate the relations between plasma LPL activity, postprandial TRL and HDL cholesterol in offspring of MI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study was performed in 17 healthy middle-aged offspring of MI patients and 13 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. Fasting blood samples were collected and each subject was given a standardized oral fat load (1g fat/kg body weight) with subsequent blood samples collected for an 8-h period. Offspring of MI patients had significantly lower postheparin LPL activity (62.9 mU/ml+/-22.8 mU/ml) (mean+/-SD) than healthy controls (93.0 mU/ml+/-21.7 mU/ml) (p=0.002). Decreased postheparin LPL activity was accompanied by significantly increased and delayed clearance of postprandial TRL and subsequent lower fasting HDL cholesterol in offspring of MI patients. Postheparin LPL activity was associated with HDL cholesterol (r=0.40, p=0.036) and trend analysis revealed a decrease in incremental area under the curve (AUCi) for chylomicrons with increasing LPL activity (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS Offspring of MI patients had decreased postheparin LPL activity accompanied by increased postprandial TRL and subsequent decreased HDL cholesterol, an unfavourable lipid profile which may contribute to their increased risk for future coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Lekhal
- Center for Atherothrombotic Research in Tromsø (CART), Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Xu T, Li X, Ma X, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Li D. Effect of Diacylglycerol on Postprandial Serum Triacylglycerol Concentration: A Meta-analysis. Lipids 2008; 44:161-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Maillot F, Baulieu F, Guilloteau D, Boirie Y, Garrigue MA, Hoinard C, Couet C. Gut emptying affects dietary fat contribution to postprandial lipemia following sequential meals in healthy subjects. Nutrition 2008; 24:682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Ordovas JM, Gao G, Province M, Straka RJ, Tsai MY, Lai CQ, Zhang K, Borecki I, Hixson JE, Allison DB, Arnett DK. The SCARB1 gene is associated with lipid response to dietary and pharmacological interventions. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:709-717. [PMID: 18542840 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) gene is a key component in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and thus plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Studies suggest that the SCARB1 gene may contribute to variation in plasma lipid levels at fasting; however, the results have been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether SCARB1 may also influence lipid response to dietary and pharmacologic interventions. In this study, we examined genetic variation in the SCARB1 gene in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study for associations with basal lipid levels, changes in lipid measures after dietary fat intake, and fenofibrate treatment. We found that the exon 1 variant SCARB1_G2S was significantly associated with postfenofibrate change for triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.004). Subjects bearing SCARB1_G2S minor allele A tend to have higher responsiveness to fenofibrate in lowering TG. In summary, our study suggested that the SCARB1 gene may serve as a useful marker that predicts variation in baseline lipid levels, postprandial lipid response, and response to fenofibrate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Province
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert J Straka
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ingrid Borecki
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 220E Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Blvd., 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
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Adachi T, Yanaka H, Kanai H, Nozaki M, Takahara Y, Tsuda M, Jonouchi T, Tsuda K, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G. Administration of Perilla Oil Coated with Calshell Increases Glucagon-Like Peptide Secretion. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1021-3. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariko Tsuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Jonouchi
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kinsuke Tsuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Lopez-Miranda J, Williams C, Lairon D. Dietary, physiological, genetic and pathological influences on postprandial lipid metabolism. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:458-73. [PMID: 17705891 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450774268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most of diurnal time is spent in a postprandial state due to successive meal intakes during the day. As long as the meals contain enough fat, a transient increase in triacylglycerolaemia and a change in lipoprotein pattern occurs. The extent and kinetics of such postprandial changes are highly variable and are modulated by numerous factors. This review focuses on factors affecting postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and genes, their variability and their relationship with intermediate phenotypes and risk of CHD. Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism is modulated by background dietary pattern as well as meal composition (fat amount and type, carbohydrate, protein, fibre, alcohol) and several lifestyle conditions (physical activity, tobacco use), physiological factors (age, gender, menopausal status) and pathological conditions (obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus). The roles of many genes have been explored in order to establish the possible implications of their variability in lipid metabolism and CHD risk. The postprandial lipid response has been shown to be modified by polymorphisms within the genes for apo A-I, A-IV, A-V, E, B, C-I and C-III, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid binding and transport proteins, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and scavenger receptor class B type I. Overall, the variability in postprandial response is important and complex, and the interactions between nutrients or dietary or meal compositions and gene variants need further investigation. The extent of present knowledge and needs for future studies are discussed in light of ongoing developments in nutrigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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22
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Rosenson RS, Wolff DA, Huskin AL, Helenowski IB, Rademaker AW. Fenofibrate therapy ameliorates fasting and postprandial lipoproteinemia, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:1945-51. [PMID: 17483155 DOI: 10.2337/dc07-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fenofibrate (160 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids, and inflammatory mediators in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-nine subjects with fasting hypertriglyceridemia (> or = 1.7 and < 6.9 mmol/l) and two or more of the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to fenofibrate (160 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind, controlled clinical trial. RESULTS Fenofibrate treatment lowered fasting triglycerides (-46.1%, P < 0.0001) and postprandial (area under the curve) triglycerides (-45.4%, P < 0.0001) due to significant reductions in postprandial levels of large (-40.8%, P < 0.0001) and medium (-49.5%, P < 0.0001) VLDL particles. The number of fasting total LDL particles was reduced in fenofibrate-treated subjects (-19.0%, P = 0.0033) primarily due to reductions in small LDL particles (-40.3%, P < 0.0001); these treatment differences persisted postprandially. Fasting and postprandial oxidized fatty acids were reduced in fenofibrate-treated subjects compared with placebo-administered subjects (-15.3%, P = 0.0013, and 31.0%, P < 0.0001, respectively), and fenofibrate therapy lowered fasting and postprandial soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (-10.9%, P = 0.0005, and -12.0%, P = 0.0001, respectively) as well as fasting and postprandial soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (-14.8%, P < 0.0001, and -15.3%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Reductions in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were correlated with reductions in fasting and postprandial large VLDL particles (P < 0.0001) as well as postprandial oxidized fatty acids (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Triglyceride-lowering therapy with fenofibrate reduced fasting and postprandial free fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory responses, and these antiatherosclerotic effects were most highly correlated with reductions in large VLDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosenson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Domino's Farms, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr., Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-0736, USA.
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Bahceci M, Aydemir M, Tuzcu A. Effects of oral fat and glucose tolerance test on serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein, and CRP concentration, and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1363-8. [PMID: 17362944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum lipid responses and insulin resistance to a high-fat content meal in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Controlled clinical study. SETTING Healthy volunteers and patients with PCOS in clincial research. PATIENT(S) Twenty women with PCOS (22.7 +/- 4 years, body mass index [BMI]: 23.5 +/- 2.6 kg/m(2)) and 20 age- and BMI-matched control women (22.8 +/- 4, BMI: 23.1 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)) were included in the study. Waist circumference, BMI, fat mass, fat percent, and fat-free mass were measured. INTERVENTION(S) A standard oral glucose tolerance test (75 g of glucose, 2 hours) was performed, and the area under the curve-glucose (AUC(glu)) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used for insulin resistance. An oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) with 500 mL standard fat meal (1493 kcal) was performed. With OFTT, both timely (at 0, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth hours) and AUC(triglyceride), AUC(total-cholesterol), AUC(VLDL-cholesterol), AUC(HDL-cholesterol), AUC(LDL-cholesterol), AUC(insulin), AUC(glucose), AUC(hs-CRP), AUC(LP(a)), AUC(ApoA1), and AUC(ApoB) responses were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Plasma lipid, insulin, and C-reactive protein levels. RESULT(S) Waist circumference, fat percent, and HOMA-IR values of PCOS patients were higher than those of control subjects. AUC(glu) values were also higher in patients with PCOS. After OFTT, AUC(triglyceride), AUC(total cholesterol), and AUC(VLDL) values were higher in patients with PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) Patients with PCOS have insulin resistance and prolonged lipid response to OFTT. These exaggerated responses may cause early atherogenesis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithat Bahceci
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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Nielsen NS, Pedersen A, Sandström B, Marckmann P, Høy CE. Different effects of diets rich in olive oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower-seed oil on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of fasting and non-fasting triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRL) as well as oxidative changes of lipoproteins may increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease. To compare the effects of different diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids on the concentrations andin vitrooxidation of fasting and postprandial lipoproteins eighteen males consumed diets enriched with rapeseed oil (RO), olive oil (OO), or sunflower-seed oil (SO) in randomised order for periods of 3 weeks followed by a RO test meal. In the postprandial state the concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) in TRL were higher after consumption of OO compared with RO and SO (P<0·04), possibly related to differences in the fasting state. The propagation rates for VLDL and LDL oxidation were higher in the postprandial compared with the fasting state irrespective of diet. In the fasting state, the propagation rates were highest after SO (P<0·001), and in the postprandial state, SO gave rise to a shorter VLDL lag time (P=0·03) and a higher propagation rate than OO consumption (P=0·04). Overall, the SO diet resulted in a higher postprandial propagation rate of LDL (P<0·001) compared with RO and OO, while there was no effect of diet on LDL oxidation lag time. Our results suggest that RO and SO diets lower the postprandial cholesterol and TAG concentrations compared with OO, while RO and OO diets result in similar and lowerin vitrosusceptibility to oxidation of lipoproteins than SO.
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25
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Keefe RSE, Young CA, Rock SL, Purdon SE, Gold JM, Breier A. One-year double-blind study of the neurocognitive efficacy of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006; 81:1-15. [PMID: 16202565 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia can reach 1 to 2 standard deviations below healthy controls. The comparative effect of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications on neurocognition is controversial, and based primarily on studies with small samples and large doses of typical comparator medications. The present study assessed neurocognitive efficacy. It was hypothesized that olanzapine treatment would improve neurocognitive deficits to a greater degree than either risperidone or haloperidol treatment. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel study with neurocognition assessed at baseline, and 8, 24, and 52 weeks. Per protocol, the haloperidol arm was discontinued. Four hundred and fourteen inpatients or outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were treated with oral olanzapine (n = 159), risperidone (n = 158), or haloperidol (n = 97). Individual domains (executive function, learning and memory, processing speed, attention/vigilance, verbal working memory, verbal fluency, motor function, and visuospatial ability) were transformed into composite scores and compared between treatment groups. At the 52-week endpoint, neurocognition significantly improved in each group (p < 0.01 for olanzapine and risperidone, p = 0.04 for haloperidol), with no significant differences between groups. Olanzapine- and risperidone-treated patients significantly (p < 0.05) improved on domains of executive function, learning/memory, processing speed, attention/vigilance, verbal working memory, and motor functions. Additionally, risperidone-treated patients improved on domains of visuospatial memory. Haloperidol-treated patients improved only on domains of learning/memory. However, patients able to remain in treatment for the entire 52 weeks benefited more from olanzapine or risperidone treatment than haloperidol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S E Keefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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26
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Mori Y, Itoh Y, Komiya H, Tajima N. Association between postprandial remnant-like particle triglyceride (RLP-TG) levels and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: assessment by meal tolerance tests (MTT). Endocrine 2005; 28:157-63. [PMID: 16388088 DOI: 10.1385/endo:28:2:157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our study evaluated the relationship between the pathologic changes associated with atherosclerosis, as primarily represented by postprandial remnant-like lipoproteins and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), in type 2 diabetic patients. Meal tolerance tests (MTT) were performed in 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided by pre-meal and 2-h postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels into the normotriglyceridemia (NTG) group; the postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) group; and the fasting hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) group. HOMA-R values were significantly higher in the FHTG group than in the NTG group, with the plasma pre-heparin LPL mass and serum adiponectin levels in the FHTG and PHTG groups significantly lower than in the NTG group. One- and two hour postprandial RLP-TG levels were significantly higher in the PHTG group than in the NTG group, while there was no significant difference in postprandial glucose levels between the two groups. The IMT values were significantly higher in both the FHTG and PHTG groups than in the NTG group. Logistics regression analysis of the 1- and 2-h RLP-TG values using IMT as an induced variable showed the odds ratio for high IMT values to be 5.17 (p < 0.05) for the 1-h RLP-TG values and 3.01 (p = 0.105) for the 2-h RLP-TG values. Our study results suggest that delayed TG metabolism leading to the retention of remnants in type 2 diabetic patients appears to be closely associated with atherosclerosis, and that postprandial hyperlipidemia is an independent risk factor for the early onset of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Utsunomiya National Hospital, Kawachi, Tochigi, Japan.
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27
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Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Pavlidis AN, Salpea KD, Iraklianou SA, Tsarpalis K, Damaskos DS, Manolis A, Cokkinos DV. Postprandial lipemia in men with metabolic syndrome, hypertensives and healthy subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2005; 4:21. [PMID: 16197542 PMCID: PMC1274342 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, is associated with coronary heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate the postprandial lipemia after oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) in subjects with MetS and compare them to hypertensive (HTN) and healthy subjects. Results OFTT was given to 33 men with MetS (defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III), 17 HTN and 14 healthy men. The MetS group was further divided according to fasting triglycerides (TG) into TG ≥ 150 [MetS+TG, (n = 22)] or <150 mg/dl [MetS-TG (n = 11)], and into those with or without hypertension [MetS+HTN (n = 24), MetS-HTN (n = 9), respectively]. TG concentrations were measured before and at 4, 6 and 8 h after OFTT and the postprandial response was quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) for TG. The postprandial response was significantly higher in MetS compared to HTN and healthy men [AUC (SD) in mg/dl/h; 2534 ± 1016 vs. 1620 ± 494 and 1019 ± 280, respectively, p ≤ 0.001]. The TG levels were increased significantly in MetS+TG compared to MetS-TG subjects at 4 (p = 0.022), 6 (p < 0.001) and 8 hours (p < 0.001). The TG were increased significantly in MetS-TG compared to healthy subjects at 4 (p = 0.011), 6 (p = 0.001) and 8 hours (p = 0.015). In linear regression analysis only fasting TG levels were a significant predictor of the AUC (Coefficient B = 8.462, p < 0.001). Conclusion Fasting TG concentration is the main determinant of postprandial lipemia. However, an exaggeration of TG postprandialy was found in normotriglyceridemic MetS and HTN compared to healthy subjects. This suggests that intervention to lower fasting TG levels should be recommended in MetS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine K Anagnostopoulou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Biology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Klelia D Salpea
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Biology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Athanasios Manolis
- Medical Department, Tzanio State Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
- Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Dennis V Cokkinos
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
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Kim HK, Choi H. Stimulation of acyl-CoA oxidase by α-linolenic acid-rich perilla oil lowers plasma triacylglycerol level in rats. Life Sci 2005; 77:1293-306. [PMID: 15894339 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on hepatic peroxisomal oxidation was investigated with respect to the postprandial triacylglycerol levels. Male Sprague--Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing either 1% (w/w) corn oil, or 10% each of beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil for 4 weeks and 4 days. Hepatic and plasma triacylglycerol levels were reduced in rats fed fish and perilla oil diets compared with corn oil and beef tallow diets. The peroxisomal beta-oxidation, catalase activity, and acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) activity were markedly increased by fish oil feeding. To a lesser extent, perilla oil elevated AOX activity in a 4-day feeding although the effect gradually decreased in a 4-week feeding. Similarly, the mRNA levels were increased in rats fed fish and perilla oils. AOX activity was negatively correlated with postprandial triacylglycerol levels. In addition, the stimulation of AOX was highly associated with the content of long chain n-3 PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in hepatic microsome. These effects were evident within 4 days of initiating feeding. Therefore, alpha-linolenic perilla oil exerts a similar effect to fish oil in stimulating hepatic activity and gene expression of AOX by enriching long chain n-3 PUFA in hepatic membrane fraction, which can partly account for the reduction of postprandial triglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Linderborg (née Yli-Jokipii) KM, Kallio HPT. Triacylglycerol Fatty Acid Positional Distribution and Postprandial Lipid Metabolism. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/fri-200061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Pilatis ND, Iraklianou S, Hoursalas IS, Liberi S, Pavlidis AN, Dritsas A, Mikhailidis DP, Cokkinos DV. Heterozygote men with familial hypercholesterolaemia may have an abnormal triglyceride response post-prandially. Evidence for another predictor of vascular risk in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59:311-7. [PMID: 15857328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Post-prandial hypertriglyceridaemia has also been associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, an abnormal post-prandial triglyceride (TG) clearance may contribute to the heterogeneity in the risk of CHD in heterozygous (h) FH. Therefore, we investigated the response of TG levels to a fatty meal in men with hFH. We studied 26 Greek men divided into two groups: the hFH group of 14 men, mean age 39 (SD = 11) years and the control group of 12 healthy men, mean age 43 (50:5) years. An increased TG response to the fatty meal was defined as a post-prandial TG concentration (at 4, 6 or 8 h) greater than the highest TG concentration in any hour in any control individual. All hFH patients had normal baseline fasting TG levels. However, seven hFH men showed an abnormal TG response after the fatty meal; these patients had higher baseline fasting TG levels than others [1.5 (0.2) vs. 1.0 (0.4) mmol/l, p = 0.005]. The hFH men constituted a heterogeneous group regarding their TG response to the fatty meal compared with healthy men because 50% with higher, but nevertheless 'normal' basal TG levels, had an abnormal post-prandial TG response. The reduced activity of low-density lipoprotein receptors in hFH together with other defects in TG handling may explain the abnormal rise of TG levels post-prandially.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece.
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31
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Maillot F, Garrigue MA, Pinault M, Objois M, Théret V, Lamisse F, Hoinard C, Antoine JM, Lairon D, Couet C. Changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations after sequential lunch and dinner in healthy subjects. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2005; 31:69-77. [PMID: 15803116 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examines the kinetic of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) after sequential ingestion of lunch and dinner as well as the contribution of dietary fat ingested at lunch to subsequent post-dinner TAG composition. METHOD Six healthy subjects were included. After standardized breakfast (7: 30AM), 2 mixed meals with fat loads composed of 44 g olive oil (rich in oleic acid) at lunch (12PM) and 44 g sunflower oil (rich in linoleic acid) at dinner (7PM) were ingested. [1-13C] palmitate was added in lunch only. Plasma TAG and chylomicron-TAG (CMTAG) levels were measured sequentially after meals. [1-13C] palmitate enrichment and concentrations of oleic acid and linoleic acid were measured in all lipid fractions. RESULT Post-dinner plasma TAG peak was delayed as compared to lunch (3 hours vs 1 hour, p=0.002) whereas the magnitude of the postprandial peaks was not significantly different between lunch and dinner (2.4+/-0.3 vs 2.0+/-0.4 mmol/L, p=0.85). [1-13C] palmitate enrichment was maximal 5 hours after lunch in all lipid fractions and decreased slowly thereafter. After dinner ingestion, the rate of decline of [1-13C] palmitate enrichment plateaued during the first 60 minutes. Oleic acid increased slightly and immediately after dinner and remained the predominant fatty acid in all lipid fractions during the first hour after dinner. A delayed peak of plasma and CM-TAG was observed after dinner as compared to lunch without difference in the magnitude of peaks. CONCLUSION The contribution of dietary fat ingested at lunch to post-dinner lipemia is confirmed despite the relatively long lasting interval between the 2 meals (7 h) and the absence of any early peak of plasma TAG after dinner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maillot
- Laboratoire de Nutrition, INSERM 0211, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, France.
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Kim HK, Choi S, Choi H. Suppression of hepatic fatty acid synthase by feeding alpha-linolenic acid rich perilla oil lowers plasma triacylglycerol level in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2004; 15:485-92. [PMID: 15302084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2003] [Revised: 02/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary perilla oil, a n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) source, on hepatic lipogenesis as a possible mechanism of lowering triacylglycerol (TG) levels. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained for a 3-hour feeding protocol and fed one of five semipurified diets as follows: 1% (w/w) corn oil control diet, or one of four diets supplemented with 10% each of beef tallow, corn oil, perilla oil, and fish oil. Two separate experiments were performed to compare the effects of feeding periods, 4 weeks and 4 days. Hepatic and plasma TG levels were decreased in rats fed perilla oil and fish oil diets, compared with corn oil and beef tallow diets. The activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme were suppressed in the fish oil, perilla oil, and corn oil-fed groups, and the effect was the most significant in the fish oil-fed group. Also, the activities of glycolytic enzymes, glucokinase, and L-pyruvate kinase showed the similar trend as that of lipogenic enzymes. The activity of FAS, the key regulatory enzyme in lipogenesis, was positively correlated with hepatic and plasma TG levels and reduced significantly in the perilla oil-fed group compared with corn oil-fed group. In addition, the FAS activity was negatively correlated with the hepatic microsomal content of EPA and DHA. In conclusion, suppression of FAS plays a significant role in the hypolipidemic effects observed in rats fed ALA rich perilla oil and these effects were associated with the increase of hepatic microsomal EPA and DHA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Korea
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Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Pilatis N, Kafaltis N, Sorodila K, Psarros E, Cokkinos DV. Low fasting low high-density lipoprotein and postprandial lipemia. Lipids Health Dis 2004; 3:18. [PMID: 15271218 PMCID: PMC497049 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-3-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and disturbed postprandial lipemia are associated with coronary heart disease. In the present study, we evaluated the variation of triglyceride (TG) postprandially in respect to serum HDL cholesterol levels. Results Fifty two Greek men were divided into 2 main groups: a) the low HDL group (HDL < 40 mg/dl), and b) the control group. Both groups were further matched according to fasting TG (matched-low HDL, and matched-control groups). The fasting TG concentrations were higher in the low HDL group compared to controls (p = 0.002). The low HDL group had significantly higher TG at 4, 6 and 8 h postprandially compared to the controls (p = 0.006, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). The matched-low HDL group revealed higher TG only at 8 h postprandially (p = 0.017) compared to the matched-control group. ROC analysis showed that fasting TG ≥ 121 mg/dl have 100% sensitivity and 81% specificity for an abnormal TG response (auc = 0.962, p < 0.001). Conclusions The delayed TG clearance postprandially seems to result in low HDL cholesterol even in subjects with low fasting TG. The fasting TG > 121 mg/dl are predictable for abnormal response to fatty meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa D Kolovou
- 1Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nektarios Pilatis
- 1Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kafaltis
- 1Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Psarros
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674, Athens, Greece
| | - Dennis V Cokkinos
- 1Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674, Athens, Greece
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Yli-Jokipii KM, Schwab US, Tahvonen RL, Kurvinen JP, Mykkänen HM, Kallio HPT. Chylomicron and VLDL TAG structures and postprandial lipid response induced by lard and modified lard. Lipids 2004; 38:693-703. [PMID: 14506832 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in chylomicron and VLDL TAG and the magnitude of postprandial lipemia were studied in healthy volunteers after two meals of equal FA composition but different TAG FA positional distribution. Molecular level information of individual lipoprotein TAG regioisomers was obtained with a tandem MS method. The incremental area under the response curve of VLDL TAG was larger (P = 0.021) after modified lard than after lard. In plasma TAG, the difference did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.086). In general, there were less TAG with palmitic acid in the sn-2 position and more TAG with oleic acid in the sn-2 position in chylomicrons than in fat ingested. From 1.5 to 8 h postprandially, the proportion of individual chylomicron TAG was constant or influenced by TAG M.W. VLDL TAG regioisomerism was similar regardless of the positional distribution of fat ingested. Significant alterations were seen in VLDL TAG FA, in M.W. fractions, and in individual regioisomers with respect to time. The TAG sn-14:0-18:1-18:1 + sn-18:1-18:1-14:0, sn-16:0-16:1-18:1 + sn-18:1-16:1-16:0, and sn-16:1-18:1-18:1 + sn-18:1-18:1-16:1 decreased (P < 0.05); and sn-16:0-16:0-18:2 + sn-18:2-16:0-16:0, sn-16:0-16:0-18:1 + sn-18:1-16:0-16:0, sn-16:0-18:1-16:0, and sn-16:0-18:1-18:2 + sn-18:2-18:1-16:0 increased (P < 0.05) after both meals. In conclusion, positional distribution of TAG FA was found to affect postprandial lipid metabolism in healthy normolipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Yli-Jokipii
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
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Geluk CA, Halkes CJM, De Jaegere PPT, Plokker TWM, Cabezas MC. Daytime triglyceridemia in normocholesterolemic patients with premature atherosclerosis and in their first-degree relatives. Metabolism 2004; 53:49-53. [PMID: 14681841 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia tested under metabolic ward conditions with unphysiological high fat loads has been reported in CAD patients and their relatives even in the presence of normal fasting lipids. It is unclear whether this also occurs in the daytime situation. Twenty-seven normocholesterolemic, non-obese and nondiabetic patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and 56 first-degree relatives without CAD measured daytime capillary triglyceride profiles (TGc-AUC) as an estimate of postprandial lipemia. Fasting capillary triglycerides (TGc) were not significantly different between CAD index patients and their relatives (1.68 +/- 0.63 and 1.54 +/- 0.71 mmol/L, respectively). In contrast, daytime triglyceridemia was significantly higher in CAD patients (30.7 +/- 13.6 mmol. h/L) compared to their relatives (24.4 +/- 9.4 mmol. h/L) and this was also the case after correction for fasting TGc (7.24 +/- 7.41 and 2.79 +/- 6.89 mmol. h/L; P <.05). The best predictors of TGc-AUC by multiple regression analysis in CAD families were fasting TGc, systolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which are all components of the metabolic syndrome, explaining 65% of the variation. Since there were no major differences in nutritional intake between index patients and their relatives, this could not explain the differences Daytime triglyceridemia, measured under physiological conditions, is increased in patients with premature atherosclerosis and normal fasting TG levels, when compared to their non-CAD relatives. This study confirms previous observations using standardized oral fat loading tests and underlines the importance of postprandial hyperlipidemia in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Geluk
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Postprandial lipemia, characterized by a rise in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins after eating, is a dynamic, nonsteady-state condition in which humans spend the majority of time. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that postprandial lipemia increases risk of atherogenesis. Clinical data show a correlation between postprandial lipoproteins and the presence/progression of coronary artery disease and carotid intimal thickness. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants may have adverse effects on endothelium and can penetrate into the subendothelial space. Exchange of core lipids between postprandial lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is increased during prolonged lipemia, resulting in small, dense LDL particles and reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Hemostatic variables, including clotting factors, platelet reactivity, and monocyte cytokine expression, may be increased during postprandial lipemia. Collectively, these data suggest that assessment and treatment of atherosclerosis should include parameters related to postprandial lipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Hyson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite G400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Onat A, Hergenç G, Sansoy V, Fobker M, Ceyhan K, Toprak S, Assmann G. Apolipoprotein C-III, a strong discriminant of coronary risk in men and a determinant of the metabolic syndrome in both genders. Atherosclerosis 2003; 168:81-9. [PMID: 12732390 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(03)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) has been recognized as a useful marker of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) metabolism and proposed as an indicator of prognosis for coronary risk in healthy subjects. We studied cross-sectionally in a population having low cholesterol levels, but a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, whether serum levels of total apoC-III or its sub-fractions were independent markers of prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD) or were related to variables reflecting the metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS In 857 unselected participants of the representative population sample of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Survey in 2001, apoC-III as well as other risk variables were evaluated, and CHD was diagnosed based on clinical findings and Minnesota coding of resting electrocardiograms. The sample consisted of men and women, aged 33-82 years, having a mean waist circumference of 89.4 and 92.9 cm, respectively, 42% of whom had the metabolic syndrome identified by criteria of the ATP III. ApoC-III values were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. Mean concentrations for non-high-density lipoprotein (nonHDL) apoC-III in men and women were 6.4 and 6.2 mg/dl, respectively, and for apoC-III in HDL were 6.2 and 6.3 mg/dl, respectively. NonHDL apoC-III was similar to, and apoC-III in HDL was higher than that in Western populations. Both fractions of apoC-III were significantly correlated with lipids, lipoproteins, apoB, anthropometric measures, and blood pressures in both genders. Correlations for both were high with serum triglycerides (r(s)=around 0.70) and apoB (r(p)=around 0.37). Total apoC-III as well as both fractions were significantly correlated in women also with levels of inflammatory risk markers: strongly (r=0.40-0.45, P<0.001) with complement C3, and weakly (r(s)=around 0.20, P<0.001) with C-reactive protein. A cutoff of >7.0 mg/dl as opposed to lower levels of nonHDL apoC-III indicated the presence of hypertriglyceridemic hyperapo B with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 13.8; it indicated the presence of metabolic syndrome with 4.66-fold likelihood. Total apoC-III and nonHDL apoC-III proved to be significantly (P-trend <0.05 and 0.002) and strongly associated with prevalent CHD in men even after adjustment for age, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C): OR gradients across upper and lower quartiles were 3.88-fold (CI: 1.3; 11.4) and 8.8-fold (CI: 2.6; 29.8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a population among whom the metabolic syndrome prevails, total- and nonHDL apoC-III are each a determinant in both genders of the metabolic syndrome and of hypertriglyceridemic hyperapo B. Each is a powerful significant marker of prevalent CHD in men independent of LDL- and HDL-C levels. In women, despite being correlated with inflammatory risk markers, the significant association of elevated levels of apoC-III with CHD did not prove to be independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Onat
- Turkish Society of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Nisbetiye cad. 37/24, Etiler, Turkey.
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Ito M, Takamatsu J, Matsuo T, Kameoka K, Kubota S, Fukata S, Tamai H, Miyauchi A, Kuma K, Hanafusa T. Serum concentrations of remnant-like particles in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroxine replacement. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 58:621-6. [PMID: 12699445 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remnant-like particles (RLPs) reflect chylomicron remnants and very-low-density lipoprotein remnants, which are most likely to be atherogenic particles. To investigate the effect of thyroxine replacement on the metabolism of RLPs in hypothyroidism, we measured serum concentrations of RLPs during an oral fat-loading test in patients with hypothyroidism before and after thyroxine replacement. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirteen patients with hypothyroidism, having serum-free thyroxine (FT4) of 4.25 +/- 2.23 pmol/l (mean +/- SD) and TSH of 72.5 +/- 27.7 mU/l, participated in the study. Two-hundred grams of cream containing 32.9% of fat were given to each patient followed by blood draws every 2 h for 8 h. The patients became euthyroid after 3 months of T4 replacement, and the fat-loading tests were then repeated. RESULTS Fasting levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were remarkably decreased after T4 therapy (P < 0.0005). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were also decreased by T4 therapy, not so remarkably but significantly (P < 0.05). Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) increased 52% and 85%, respectively, from the pretreatment values. Serum concentrations of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) and remnant-like particle triglyceride (RLP-TG), measured by immunoseparation assays, significantly decreased from 0.14 +/- 0.03 to 0.09 +/- 0.03 mmol/l (P < 0.0005) and from 0.19 +/- 0.11-0.11 +/- 0.07 mmol/l (P < 0.01), respectively. In the fat-loading test, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not changed, while serum RLPs concentrations were increased and remained high throughout the test, with the peak value at 6 h in a hypothyroid condition. In an euthyroid condition after T4 therapy, the peak values of RLPs were obtained at 4 h, and the concentrations were decreased rapidly. As the result, areas under the curve of serum RLPs were decreased remarkably after T4 therapy. CONCLUSIONS Hypothyroidism seems to be associated with a decrease in metabolism of serum RLPs. Such altered metabolism of RLPs may be related to the decreased activities of LPL and HTGL and can be corrected by T4 replacement therapy.
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Gatto LM, Sullivan DR, Samman S. Postprandial effects of dietary trans fatty acids on apolipoprotein(a) and cholesteryl ester transfer. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:1119-24. [PMID: 12716661 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of trans fatty acids adversely affects fasting plasma lipoprotein concentrations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether postprandial lipoprotein metabolism is affected by the consumption of trans fatty acids. DESIGN In a randomized crossover study, 19 healthy men consumed fatty meals that were identical except that 10% of energy was provided as trans 18:1 acids in the trans meal and as oleic acid in the cis meal. RESULTS The meals induced similar responses in plasma lipids. Cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) was activated after consumption of both meals (P < 0.0001); however, it was 28% higher after the trans meal than after the cis meal (280 +/- 129 compared with 219 +/- 116 nmol cholesteryl ester/mL plasma * 6 h; time x diet interaction: P < 0.0001). Plasma apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] concentrations remained constant; however, triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins formed 4 h after ingestion of the trans meal contained a higher concentration of apo(a) than did those formed after ingestion of the cis meal (48.9 +/- 6.6 compared with 39.6 +/- 5.4 U/L; P < 0.02). The change in CET and in the proportion of plasma apo(a) in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fractions correlated with indexes of alimentary lipemia. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of meals high in trans fatty acids results in higher CET and postprandial lipoprotein concentrations enriched in apo(a) than does consumption of meals free of trans fatty acids. This study highlights the importance of double-bond configuration in determining postprandial lipoprotein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissa M Gatto
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Orth M, Dierkes J, Luley C. Chylomicron remnant concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:652-62. [PMID: 12812263 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Persisting chylomicron remnants have been linked to premature atherosclerosis. The analysis of chylomicron remnant concentrations by an oral triglyceride tolerance test, however, is time-consuming for the study subjects and requires large resources in the laboratory. Therefore, only small numbers of subjects have been studied in the past. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of elevated chylomicron remnants, to identify effectors of chylomicron remnant clearance and to compare chylomicron remnants in the prediction of coronary artery disease with other risk factors. We applied a novel oral triglyceride tolerance test to 423 patients (368 males, 55 females) with a confirmed diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to 390 control subjects (295 males, 95 females) in a case-control setting. This study revealed that elevated chylomicron remnant concentrations (retinyl esters > 1.5 micromol/l) are present in 20% of all subjects. Male gender, the apolipoprotein E2 isoform, and higher body mass index were associated with increased chylomicron remnant concentrations. However, chylomicron remnants were lower and plasma triglycerides higher in patients with CAD. We conclude that screening for a delayed clearance of chylomicron remnants is of little clinical value in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Orth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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41
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Sdringola S, Nakagawa K, Nakagawa Y, Yusuf SW, Boccalandro F, Mullani N, Haynie M, Hess MJ, Gould KL. Combined intense lifestyle and pharmacologic lipid treatment further reduce coronary events and myocardial perfusion abnormalities compared with usual-care cholesterol-lowering drugs in coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41:263-72. [PMID: 12535820 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if combined intense lifestyle and pharmacologic lipid treatment reduce myocardial perfusion abnormalities and coronary events in comparison to usual-care cholesterol-lowering drugs and whether perfusion changes predict outcomes. BACKGROUND Lifestyle and lipid drugs separately benefit patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS A total of 409 patients with CAD, who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging by dipyridamole positron emission tomography at baseline and after 2.6 years, had quantitative size/severity of perfusion defects measured objectively by automated software with follow-up for five additional years for coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, myocardial infarction, or cardiac death. Patients were categorized blindly according to prospective, predefined criteria as "poor" treatment without diet or lipid drugs, or smoking; "moderate" treatment on American Heart Association diet and lipid-lowering drugs or on strict low-fat diet (<10% of calories) without lipid drugs; and "maximal" treatment with diet <10% of calories as fat, regular exercise, and lipid active drugs dosed to target goals of low-density lipoproteins <2.3 mmol/l (90 mg/dl), high-density lipoproteins >1.2 mmol/l (45 mg/dl), and triglycerides <1.1 mmol/l (100 mg/dl). RESULTS Over five years, coronary events occurred in 6.6%, 20.3%, and 30.6% of patients on maximal, moderate, and poor treatment, respectively (p = 0.001). Size/severity of perfusion abnormalities significantly decreased for patients receiving maximal treatment and increased for patients undergoing moderate and poor treatment (p = 0.003 and 0.0001, respectively). Combined intense lifestyle change plus lipid active drugs and severity/change of perfusion abnormalities independently predicted cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS Intense lifestyle and pharmacologic lipid treatment reduce size/severity of myocardial perfusion abnormalities and cardiac events compared with usual-care cholesterol-lowering drugs. Perfusion changes parallel treatment intensity and predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sdringola
- Weatherhead P.E.T. Center for Preventing and Reversing Atherosclerosis, Houston, Texas, USA
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42
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Igarashi M, Hirata A, Yamauchi T, Yamaguchi H, Tsuchiya H, Ohnuma H, Jimbu Y, Okuyama Y, Shirata T, Otsu N, Fukuyama H, Takahashi S, Tominaga M, Kato T. Clinical Utility and Approach to Estimate Postprandial Hypertriglycemia by A Newly Designed Oral Fat-loading Test. J Atheroscler Thromb 2003; 10:314-20. [PMID: 14718749 DOI: 10.5551/jat.10.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate postprandial hypertriglycemia by a newly designed oral fat-loading test. Twenty-three healthy normolipidemic volunteers were orally administered a test meal consisting of a mixture of Telmeal 2.0 and 20 g of salt-free butter after fasting for 12 h. To measure the levels of total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C), lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], free fatty acid, apolipoproteins (Apos), plasma glucose (PG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), venous blood samples were collected before the meal and at each hour until 9 h after fat-loading. The levels of both TG and RLP-C were drastically elevated at 2 h after fat-loading and these levels remained high until 4 h (p < 0.01). A significant correlation between TG and RLP-C was also observed at 2, 3 and 4 h, and the values of the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.837, 0.838, and 0.908, respectively. In contrast, the levels of T-Cho, HDL-C, Lp (a), Apos, PG, and hs-CRP did not change. Furthermore, there were no gastrointestinal symptoms during or after the study. These results strongly suggested that this newly designed fat-loading test was very useful for evaluating postprandial hypertriglycemia, including remnant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Igarashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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43
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Marín C, López-Miranda J, Gómez P, Paz E, Pérez-Martínez P, Fuentes F, Jiménez-Perepérez JA, Ordovás JM, Pérez-Jiménez F. Effects of the human apolipoprotein A-I promoter G-A mutation on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:319-25. [PMID: 12145001 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable interindividual variability in the postprandial lipid response to a fat-rich meal, and genetic factors have been considered to account for some of these effects. We previously showed that the G-A mutation 5' to the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene was significantly associated with the LDL-cholesterol response to diet. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether this effect is mediated by mechanisms involving postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. DESIGN Twenty-eight G/G and 23 G/A healthy male subjects, homozygotes for the apo E3 allele, were subjected to a vitamin A fat-loading test. Blood was drawn at time 0 and every hour for 11 h. RESULTS There was a significant postprandial decrease in plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B in G/G subjects but not in G/A subjects. A greater postprandial response in large triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and a smaller postprandial response in large TRL apo A-IV was observed in G/A than in G/G subjects. Retinyl palmitate in large and small TRL concentrations was similar for both genotypes. No significant genotype effects were detected for triacylglycerol concentrations in plasma, small TRL fraction, and apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the G-A mutation affects the LDL-cholesterol response to diet by mechanisms involving postprandial lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marín
- Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
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44
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Yli-Jokipii KM, Schwab US, Tahvonen RL, Kurvinen JP, Mykkänen HM, Kallio HPT. Triacylglycerol molecular weight and to a lesser extent, fatty acid positional distribution, affect chylomicron triacylglycerol composition in women. J Nutr 2002; 132:924-9. [PMID: 11983815 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.5.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial composition of chylomicron triacylglycerols (TAG) and their clearance may be affected by the molecular weight of TAG, their fatty acid (FA) combinations and the positional distribution of FA in TAG. Delayed postprandial TAG clearance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, due to the complexity of traditional analysis methods, the composition of individual TAG molecules is frequently overlooked. In this study, chylomicron TAG molecular weight distribution and regioisomerism were followed in 10 healthy female volunteers after two fat loads with identical FA composition but different positional distributions (palm oil and transesterified palm oil). An efficient tandem mass spectrometric method of analysis was applied. During the 6-h observation period, the relative concentrations of TAG with 48:2 [48 acyl carbons and 2 double bonds (ACN:DB)], 50:3 and 50:2 decreased, whereas the proportions of 48:0 (tripalmitin), 52:3 and 54:4 remained constant and the proportion of 54:3 (triolein) increased (P < 0.05). The existence of seven regioisomers containing palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in different sn-positions was studied. The amount of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol was less (P < 0.05) 1.5 h postprandially than at 2-5 h after palm oil, and less (P < 0.05) at 1.5 h than at 2-6 h after transesterified palm oil. This may be an indication of a loss of palmitic acid in the gut. Taken together, TAG molecular weight composition and to a lesser extent, positional distribution, seem to affect the rates of chylomicron TAG clearance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa M Yli-Jokipii
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Hyson DA, Paglieroni TG, Wun T, Rutledge JC. Postprandial lipemia is associated with platelet and monocyte activation and increased monocyte cytokine expression in normolipemic men. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2002; 8:147-55. [PMID: 12121056 DOI: 10.1177/107602960200800211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of platelets and monocytes has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We asked the question if postprandial lipemia following a fat- containing meal is associated with platelet and monocyte activation and increased platelet-monocyte interaction. Thirteen healthy, normal weight, normolipemic males, 20 to 49 years, consumed a 40% fat meal of whole foods. Blood samples were obtained at fasting and 3 1/2 and 6 hours after ingestion. Triglyceride levels increased to 48% over baseline at 3 1/2 hours postconsumption and returned to fasting levels by 6 hours. Multiparameter flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies showed that the percentage of platelets expressing surface P-selectin and the activated conformation the GPIIb-IIa receptor was significantly higher at 3 1/2 hours compared to fasting. The percentage of platelet-monocyte aggregates increased by 36% at 3 1/2 hours and 43% at 6 hours postconsumption. The percentage of monocytes expressing intracellular tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increased seven and eightfold at 3 1/2 and 6 hours, respectively. The expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta increased in a similar manner. These data suggest activation of platelets and monocytes after a moderate fat meal. Repetitive activation of platelets and monocytes could be an early event in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne A Hyson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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46
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Lundahl B, Hamsten A, Karpe F. Postprandial plasma ApoB-48 levels are influenced by a polymorphism in the promoter of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:289-93. [PMID: 11834530 DOI: 10.1161/hq0202.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) plays a key role in the secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. The rare variant of a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the MTP gene has been associated with elevated transcriptional activity of the gene in vitro (MTP-493G/T). With use of a "recruit-by-genotype" approach, we investigated one of the potentially complex phenotypes of this polymorphism, the appearance in plasma of apoB-48 after a meal intake. A total of 12 homozygous carriers of the rare MTP-493T variant were identified from a population-based screening of 50-year-old healthy white men. All subjects were of the apoE3/3 genotype. Along with 48 baseline well-matched heterozygotes (n=24) plus homozygotes (n=24) for the common variant, they were given a standardized oral fat meal. Postprandial plasma concentrations of apoB-48 were determined by the combination of density gradient ultracentrifugation and analytical SDS-PAGE. The postprandial plasma concentrations of triglycerides did not differ between the groups, but homozygous carriers of the rare MTP-493T variant showed a >100% greater increase in apoB-48 in the smallest (Svedberg flotation rate constant 20 to 60) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction (P=0.005). These data support the notion that elevated transcriptional activity of MTP leads to an increased generation of the smallest triglyceride-rich lipoprotein from the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Lundahl
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustaf V Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Kim HK, Choi H. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid lowers postprandial lipid levels with increase of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents in rat hepatic membrane. Lipids 2001; 36:1331-6. [PMID: 11834085 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on postprandial lipid levels and fatty acid composition of hepatic membranes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained for a 3-h feeding protocol and fed one of five semipurified diets: one fat-free diet or one of four diets supplemented with 10% (by weight) each of corn oil, beef tallow, perilla oil, and fish oil. Two separate experiments were performed, 4-wk long-term and 4-d short-term feeding models, to compare the effects of feeding periods. Postprandial plasma lipid was affected by dietary fats. Triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol levels were decreased in rats fed perilla oil and fish oil diets compared with corn oil and beef tallow diets. Hepatic TG and total cholesterol levels were also reduced by fish oil and perilla oil diets. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsomal fraction reflected dietary fatty acids and their metabolic conversion. The major fatty acids of rats fed the beef tallow diet were palmitic, stearic, and oleic. Similarly, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid in the corn oil group, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the perilla oil group, and palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fish oil group were detected in high proportions. Both long- and short-term feeding experiments showed similar results. In addition, microsomal DHA content was negatively correlated with plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipid levels were also negatively correlated with EPA and DHA contents. These results suggest that n-3 ALA has more of a hypolipidemic effect than n-6 LA and that the hypolipidemic effect of n-3 PUFA may be partly related to the increase of EPA and DHA in hepatic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Korea
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48
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Abstract
This hypothesis paper aims to illustrate the role of fatty meal ingestion has on the vascular endothelium and coagulation system. In particular highlighting the potential risk of fatty meal ingestion both as a trigger to an adverse factor in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We propose that as a result of ingesting fatty meals as a part of daily living, there occurs a constellation of changes in the vasculature that results in both a hypercoagulable and a provasoconstrictor state. These acute changes in response to a fatty meal on endothelial function, prothrombosis, and platelet activation can potentially trigger, facilitate and propagate the forces that drive acute coronary syndromes. In type 2 diabetes, adverse postprandial phenomena are exaggerated and prolonged and may therefore be expected to contribute significantly to the excess risk of acute coronary syndromes and atherosclerotic development in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales, Heath Park, Wales CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
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49
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Effects of palm oil and transesterified palm oil on chylomicron and VLDL triacylglycerol structures and postprandial lipid response. J Lipid Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Mattes RD. Oral exposure to butter, but not fat replacers elevates postprandial triacylglycerol concentration in humans. J Nutr 2001; 131:1491-6. [PMID: 11340105 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.5.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral exposure to dietary fat augments the postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration. We investigated the TAG response after oral exposure to butter and selected fat replacers. At 2200 h, 17 healthy adults consumed 80 g of almonds and fasted until 0700 h. Safflower oil (50 g in 1-g capsules) was then consumed. Oral stimulation was provided periodically for 2 h as potatoes, potatoes containing butter or one of three fat replacers or no oral stimulation in random order at weekly intervals. Blood was collected at stipulated intervals for 8 h. Oral exposure to butter led to a significantly longer postprandial TAG elevation than the other treatments. The results could not be explained by differential stimulus ingestion, palatability or perceived fat content. There was no significant treatment effect on concentrations of serum oleic acid, apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 or apoB-100, suggesting any oral exposure influence on release of dietary lipid stored in the lacteals or chylomicron and VLDL particle number contributed little to the postprandial TAG rise. In summary, oral exposure to butter elicited a greater postprandial TAG elevation than the tested fat replacers, possibly due to reduced TAG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Mattes
- Purdue University, Department of Foods and Nutrition, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1264, USA
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