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Concetti C, Viskaitis P, Grujic N, Duss SN, Privitera M, Bohacek J, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Exploratory Rearing Is Governed by Hypothalamic Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons According to Locus Ceruleus. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0015242024. [PMID: 38575343 PMCID: PMC11112542 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0015-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Information seeking, such as standing on tiptoes to look around in humans, is observed across animals and helps survival. Its rodent analog-unsupported rearing on hind legs-was a classic model in deciphering neural signals of cognition and is of intense renewed interest in preclinical modeling of neuropsychiatric states. Neural signals and circuits controlling this dedicated decision to seek information remain largely unknown. While studying subsecond timing of spontaneous behavioral acts and activity of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons (MNs) in behaving male and female mice, we observed large MN activity spikes that aligned to unsupported rears. Complementary causal, loss and gain of function, analyses revealed specific control of rear frequency and duration by MNs and MCHR1 receptors. Activity in a key stress center of the brain-the locus ceruleus noradrenaline cells-rapidly inhibited MNs and required functional MCH receptors for its endogenous modulation of rearing. By defining a neural module that both tracks and controls rearing, these findings may facilitate further insights into biology of information seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Concetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Grujic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sian N Duss
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Privitera
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bohacek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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2
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Ibeas K, Griñán‐Ferré C, del Mar Romero M, Sebastián D, Bastías‐Pérez M, Gómez R, Soler‐Vázquez MC, Zagmutt S, Pallás M, Castell M, Belsham DD, Mera P, Herrero L, Serra D. Cpt1a silencing in AgRP neurons improves cognitive and physical capacity and promotes healthy aging in male mice. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14047. [PMID: 37994388 PMCID: PMC10861206 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexigenic neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are activated in response to dynamic variations in the metabolic state, including exercise. We previously observed that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A), a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, is a key factor in AgRP neurons, modulating whole-body energy balance and fluid homeostasis. However, the effect of CPT1A in AgRP neurons in aged mice and during exercise has not been explored yet. We have evaluated the physical and cognitive capacity of adult and aged mutant male mice lacking Cpt1a in AgRP neurons (Cpt1a KO). Adult Cpt1a KO male mice exhibited enhanced endurance performance, motor coordination, locomotion, and exploration compared with control mice. No changes were observed in anxiety-related behavior, cognition, and muscle strength. Adult Cpt1a KO mice showed a reduction in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of these muscles were smaller than those of control mice displaying a myofiber remodeling from type II to type I fibers. In aged mice, changes in myofiber remodeling were maintained in Cpt1a KO mice, avoiding loss of physical capacity during aging progression. Additionally, aged Cpt1a KO mice revealed better cognitive skills, reduced inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In conclusion, CPT1A in AgRP neurons appears to modulate health and protects against aging. Future studies are required to clarify whether CPT1A is a potential antiaging candidate for treating diseases affecting memory and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Christian Griñán‐Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Maria del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - David Sebastián
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Marianela Bastías‐Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Facultad de Salud y Ciencias SocialesUniversidad de las AméricasSantiago de ChileChile
| | - Roberto Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Carmen Soler‐Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Pallás
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA‐UB), Universitat de BarcelonaSanta Coloma de GramenetSpain
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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3
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Concetti C, Peleg-Raibstein D, Burdakov D. Hypothalamic MCH Neurons: From Feeding to Cognitive Control. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad059. [PMID: 38020069 PMCID: PMC10667013 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience is progressively elucidating that the classic view positing distinct brain regions responsible for survival, emotion, and cognitive functions is outdated. The hypothalamus demonstrates the interdependence of these roles, as it is traditionally known for fundamental survival functions like energy and electrolyte balance, but is now recognized to also play a crucial role in emotional and cognitive processes. This review focuses on lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, producing the neuropeptide MCH-a relatively understudied neuronal population with integrative functions related to homeostatic regulation and motivated behaviors, with widespread inputs and outputs throughout the entire central nervous system. Here, we review early findings and recent literature outlining their role in the regulation of energy balance, sleep, learning, and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Concetti
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse 16, Schwerzenbach 8603, Switzerland
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4
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Rossi MA. Control of energy homeostasis by the lateral hypothalamic area. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:738-749. [PMID: 37353461 PMCID: PMC10524917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a subcortical brain region that exerts control over motivated behavior, feeding, and energy balance across species. Recent single-cell sequencing studies have defined at least 30 distinct LHA neuron types. Some of these influence specific aspects of energy homeostasis; however, the functions of many LHA cell types remain unclear. This review addresses the rapidly emerging evidence from cell-type-specific investigations that the LHA leverages distinct neuron populations to regulate energy balance through complex connections with other brain regions. It will highlight recent findings demonstrating that LHA control of energy balance extends beyond mere food intake and propose outstanding questions to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Rossi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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5
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Jin R, Sun S, Hu Y, Zhang H, Sun X. Neuropeptides Modulate Feeding via the Dopamine Reward Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03954-4. [PMID: 37233918 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system. It participates in various physiological functions, such as feeding, anxiety, fear, sleeping and arousal. The regulation of feeding is exceptionally complex, involving energy homeostasis and reward motivation. The reward system comprises the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, and limbic system. This paper illustrates the detailed mechanisms of eight typical orexigenic and anorexic neuropeptides that regulate food intake through the reward system. According to recent literature, neuropeptides released from the hypothalamus and other brain regions regulate reward feeding predominantly through dopaminergic neurons projecting from the VTA to the NAc. In addition, their effect on the dopaminergic system is mediated by the prefrontal cortex, paraventricular thalamus, laterodorsal tegmental area, amygdala, and complex neural circuits. Research on neuropeptides involved in reward feeding can help identify more targets to treat diseases with metabolic disorders, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbin Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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6
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Ratković D, Knežević V, Dickov A, Fedrigolli E, Čomić M. Comparison of binge-eating disorder and food addiction. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231171016. [PMID: 37115520 PMCID: PMC10155018 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231171016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, binge-eating disorder (BED) is classified as episodes of binge eating while not being hungry, eating too fast until feeling uncomfortably full, or eating in solitude with feelings of shame and disgust after eating, without compensatory mechanisms. The controversial disorder food addiction (FA) is characterized by overconsumption, cravings, failure to cut down on amounts of food, and withdrawal and tolerance to overeating. In this narrative review, we aimed to comprehensively characterize and compare BED and FA. We searched PubMed using the keywords "binge-eating disorder" and "food addiction." We finally included 51 publications according to topic specificity, credibility, the authors' reputation, and non-bias criteria. BED is characterized by concerns about dietary issues, body shape, and weight as well as depressive symptoms and brooding rumination. FA can be divided into substance addiction and behavioral addiction, which can be differentiated using a list of criteria including hunger, taste, pleasure, function of food, loss of social connections, weight concerns, and awareness about the disorder. Further research is needed to further characterize and distinguish BED and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Ratković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vladimir Knežević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Dickov
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Elsa Fedrigolli
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maša Čomić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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7
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Subramanian KS, Lauer LT, Hayes AMR, Décarie-Spain L, McBurnett K, Nourbash AC, Donohue KN, Kao AE, Bashaw AG, Burdakov D, Noble EE, Schier LA, Kanoski SE. Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone neurons integrate food-motivated appetitive and consummatory processes in rats. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1755. [PMID: 36990984 PMCID: PMC10060386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) integrates homeostatic processes and reward-motivated behaviors. Here we show that LHA neurons that produce melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are dynamically responsive to both food-directed appetitive and consummatory processes in male rats. Specifically, results reveal that MCH neuron Ca2+ activity increases in response to both discrete and contextual food-predictive cues and is correlated with food-motivated responses. MCH neuron activity also increases during eating, and this response is highly predictive of caloric consumption and declines throughout a meal, thus supporting a role for MCH neurons in the positive feedback consummatory process known as appetition. These physiological MCH neural responses are functionally relevant as chemogenetic MCH neuron activation promotes appetitive behavioral responses to food-predictive cues and increases meal size. Finally, MCH neuron activation enhances preference for a noncaloric flavor paired with intragastric glucose. Collectively, these data identify a hypothalamic neural population that orchestrates both food-motivated appetitive and intake-promoting consummatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav S Subramanian
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kara McBurnett
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna C Nourbash
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristen N Donohue
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alicia E Kao
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander G Bashaw
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Lindsey A Schier
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Guo R, Wang Y, Yan R, Chen B, Ding W, Gorczyca MT, Ozsoy S, Cai L, Hines RL, Tseng GC, Allocca G, Dong Y, Fang J, Huang YH. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Engages Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons to Reduce Cocaine Seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:880-894. [PMID: 35953320 PMCID: PMC9872495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent sleep disruptions following withdrawal from abused drugs may hold keys to battle drug relapse. It is posited that there may be sleep signatures that predict relapse propensity, identifying which may open new avenues for treating substance use disorders. METHODS We trained male rats (approximately postnatal day 56) to self-administer cocaine. After long-term drug withdrawal (approximately postnatal day 100), we examined the correlations between the intensity of cocaine seeking and key sleep features. To test for causal relationships, we then used behavioral, chemogenetic, or optogenetic methods to selectively increase rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and measured behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes to probe for cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying REMS-mediated regulation of cocaine seeking. RESULTS A selective set of REMS features was preferentially associated with the intensity of cue-induced cocaine seeking after drug withdrawal. Moreover, selectively increasing REMS time and continuity by environmental warming attenuated a withdrawal time-dependent intensification of cocaine seeking, or incubation of cocaine craving, suggesting that REMS may benefit withdrawal. Warming increased the activity of lateral hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons selectively during prolonged REMS episodes and counteracted cocaine-induced synaptic accumulation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens-a critical substrate for incubation. Finally, the warming effects were partly mimicked by chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulations of MCH neurons during sleep, or intra-accumbens infusions of MCH peptide during the rat's inactive phase. CONCLUSIONS REMS may encode individual vulnerability to relapse, and MCH neuron activities can be selectively targeted during REMS to reduce drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wanqiao Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael T Gorczyca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sahin Ozsoy
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel L Hines
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Giancarlo Allocca
- Somnivore Pty. Ltd., Bacchus Marsh, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jidong Fang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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9
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Potter LE, Burgess CR. The melanin-concentrating hormone system as a target for the treatment of sleep disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952275. [PMID: 36177357 PMCID: PMC9513178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on health, it is critical that researchers continue to identify and evaluate novel avenues of treatment. Recently the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system has attracted commercial and scientific interest as a potential target of pharmacotherapy for sleep disorders. This interest emerges from basic scientific research demonstrating a role for MCH in regulating sleep, and particularly REM sleep. In addition to this role in sleep regulation, the MCH system and the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) have been implicated in a wide variety of other physiological functions and behaviors, including feeding/metabolism, reward, anxiety, depression, and learning. The basic research literature on sleep and the MCH system, and the history of MCH drug development, provide cause for both skepticism and cautious optimism about the prospects of MCH-targeting drugs in sleep disorders. Extensive efforts have focused on developing MCHR1 antagonists for use in obesity, however, few of these drugs have advanced to clinical trials, and none have gained regulatory approval. Additional basic research will be needed to fully characterize the MCH system’s role in sleep regulation, for example, to fully differentiate between MCH-neuron and peptide/receptor-mediated functions. Additionally, a number of issues relating to drug design will continue to pose a practical challenge for novel pharmacotherapies targeting the MCH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam E. Potter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Liam E. Potter,
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Christian R. Burgess,
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10
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Pandey A, Madan R, Singh S. Immunology to Immunotherapeutics of SARS-CoV-2: Identification of Immunogenic Epitopes for Vaccine Development. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:306. [PMID: 36064873 PMCID: PMC9444117 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has created a global public health and socio-economic crisis. Immunoinformatics-based approaches to investigate the potential antigens is the fastest way to move towards a multiepitope-based vaccine development. This review encompasses the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis, innate and adaptive immune signaling along with evasion pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, it compiles the promiscuous peptides from in silico studies which are subjected to prediction of cytokine milieu using web-based servers. Out of the 434 peptides retrieved from all studies, we have identified 33 most promising T cell vaccine candidates. This review presents a list of the most potential epitopes from several proteins of the virus based on their immunogenicity, homology, conservancy and population coverage studies. These epitopes can form a basis of second generation of vaccine development as the first generation vaccines in various stages of trials mostly focus only on Spike protein. We therefore, propose them as most potential candidates which can be taken up immediately for confirmation by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Pandey
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Riya Madan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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11
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Dunigan AI, Roseberry AG. Actions of feeding-related peptides on the mesolimbic dopamine system in regulation of natural and drug rewards. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 37220637 PMCID: PMC10201992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary neural circuit mediating motivation, reinforcement, and reward-related behavior. The activity of this system and multiple behaviors controlled by it are affected by changes in feeding and body weight, such as fasting, food restriction, or the development of obesity. Multiple different peptides and hormones that have been implicated in the control of feeding and body weight interact with the mesolimbic dopamine system to regulate many different dopamine-dependent, reward-related behaviors. In this review, we summarize the effects of a selected set of feeding-related peptides and hormones acting within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to alter feeding, as well as food, drug, and social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Dunigan
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aaron G. Roseberry
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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12
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Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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13
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Characterization of Hypothalamic MCH Neuron Development in a 3D Differentiation System of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0442-21.2022. [PMID: 35437265 PMCID: PMC9047030 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0442-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons are important regulators of multiple physiological processes, such as sleep, feeding, and memory. Despite the increasing interest in their neuronal functions, the molecular mechanism underlying MCH neuron development remains poorly understood. We report that a three-dimensional culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can generate hypothalamic-like tissues containing MCH-positive neurons, which reproduce morphologic maturation, neuronal connectivity, and neuropeptide/neurotransmitter phenotype of native MCH neurons. Using this in vitro system, we demonstrate that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling serves to produce major neurochemical subtypes of MCH neurons characterized by the presence or absence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Without exogenous Hh signals, mESCs initially differentiated into dorsal hypothalamic/prethalamic progenitors and finally into MCH+CART+ neurons through a specific intermediate progenitor state. Conversely, activation of the Hh pathway specified ventral hypothalamic progenitors that generate both MCH+CART− and MCH+CART+ neurons. These results suggest that in vivo MCH neurons may originate from multiple cell lineages that arise through early dorsoventral patterning of the hypothalamus. Additionally, we found that Hh signaling supports the differentiation of mESCs into orexin/hypocretin neurons, a well-defined cell group intermingled with MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The present study highlights and improves the utility of mESC culture in the analysis of the developmental programs of specific hypothalamic cell types.
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14
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Buchanan KL, Rupprecht LE, Kaelberer MM, Sahasrabudhe A, Klein ME, Villalobos JA, Liu WW, Yang A, Gelman J, Park S, Anikeeva P, Bohórquez DV. The preference for sugar over sweetener depends on a gut sensor cell. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:191-200. [PMID: 35027761 PMCID: PMC8825280 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Guided by gut sensory cues, humans and animals prefer nutritive sugars over non-caloric sweeteners, but how the gut steers such preferences remains unknown. In the intestine, neuropod cells synapse with vagal neurons to convey sugar stimuli to the brain within seconds. Here, we found that cholecystokinin (CCK)-labeled duodenal neuropod cells differentiate and transduce luminal stimuli from sweeteners and sugars to the vagus nerve using sweet taste receptors and sodium glucose transporters. The two stimulus types elicited distinct neural pathways: while sweetener stimulated purinergic neurotransmission, sugar stimulated glutamatergic neurotransmission. To probe the contribution of these cells to behavior, we developed optogenetics for the gut lumen by engineering a flexible fiberoptic. We showed that preference for sugar over sweetener in mice depends on neuropod cell glutamatergic signaling. By swiftly discerning the precise identity of nutrient stimuli, gut neuropod cells serve as the entry point to guide nutritive choices. Buchanan, Rupprecht, Kaelberer and colleagues show that the preference for sugar over sweetener in mice depends on gut neuropod cells. Akin to other sensor cells, neuropod cells swiftly communicate the precise identity of stimuli to drive food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Buchanan
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Maya Kaelberer
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marguerita E Klein
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jorge A Villalobos
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Winston W Liu
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annabelle Yang
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin Gelman
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seongjun Park
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego V Bohórquez
- Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,MSRB-I, room 221A, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone regulates hippocampus-dorsolateral septum activity. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:61-71. [PMID: 34980924 PMCID: PMC8741735 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) polypeptide contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, sleep, and memory, though the mechanistic bases of its effects are unknown. Here, in mice, we uncover the physiological mechanism underlying the functional role of MCH signaling in projections to the dorsolateral septum (dLS), a region involved in routing hippocampal firing rhythms and encoding spatial memory based on such rhythms. Firing activity within the dLS in response to dorsal CA3 (dCA3) excitation is limited by strong feed-forward inhibition (FFI). We find that MCH synchronizes dLS neuronal firing with its dCA3 inputs by enhancing GABA release, which subsequently reduces the FFI and augments dCA3 excitatory input strength, both via presynaptic mechanisms. At the functional level, our data reveal a role for MCH signaling in the dLS in facilitating spatial memory. These findings support a model in which peptidergic signaling within the dLS modulates dorsal hippocampal output and supports memory encoding.
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16
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Li ZF, Chometton S, Guèvremont G, Timofeeva E, Timofeev I. Compulsive Eating in a Rat Model of Binge Eating Disorder Under Conditioned Fear and Exploration of Neural Mechanisms With c-fos mRNA Expression. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:777572. [PMID: 34912190 PMCID: PMC8666959 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.777572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compulsive eating is the most obstinate feature of binge eating disorder. In this study, we observed the compulsive eating in our stress-induced binge-like eating rat model using a conflicting test, where sucrose and an aversively conditioned stimulus were presented at the same time. In this conflicting situation, the binge-like eating prone rats (BEPs), compared to the binge-like eating resistant rats (BERs), showed persistent high sucrose intake and inhibited fear response, respectively, indicating a deficit in palatability devaluation and stronger anxiolytic response to sucrose in the BEPs. We further analyzed the neuronal activation with c-fos mRNA in situ hybridization. Surprisingly, the sucrose access under conditioned fear did not inhibit the activity of amygdala; instead, it activated the central amygdala. In the BEPs, sucrose reduced the response of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), while enhancing activities in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the CS. The resistance to devaluating the palatable food in the BEPs could be a result of persistent Acb response to sucrose intake and attenuated recruitment of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We interpret this finding as that the reward system of the BEPs overcame the homeostasis system and the stress-responding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche CERVO, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sandrine Chometton
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Guèvremont
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Timofeeva
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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17
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Al-Massadi O, Dieguez C, Schneeberger M, López M, Schwaninger M, Prevot V, Nogueiras R. Multifaceted actions of melanin-concentrating hormone on mammalian energy homeostasis. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:745-755. [PMID: 34608277 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a small cyclic peptide expressed in all mammals, mainly in the hypothalamus. MCH acts as a robust integrator of several physiological functions and has crucial roles in the regulation of sleep-wake rhythms, feeding behaviour and metabolism. MCH signalling has a very broad endocrine context and is involved in physiological functions and emotional states associated with metabolism, such as reproduction, anxiety, depression, sleep and circadian rhythms. MCH mediates its functions through two receptors (MCHR1 and MCHR2), of which only MCHR1 is common to all mammals. Owing to the wide variety of MCH downstream signalling pathways, MCHR1 agonists and antagonists have great potential as tools for the directed management of energy balance disorders and associated metabolic complications, and translational strategies using these compounds hold promise for the development of novel treatments for obesity. This Review provides an overview of the numerous roles of MCH in energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as in regulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuits that encode the hedonic component of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Massadi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, UMR-S1172, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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18
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Koekkoek LL, Slomp M, Castel J, Mutersbaugh M, Linville I, Serlie MJ, Luquet SH, la Fleur SE. Disruption of lateral hypothalamic calorie detection by a free choice high fat diet. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21804. [PMID: 34383974 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades, the consumption of low-calorie sweeteners, as a substitute for caloric sweeteners, has sharply increased. Although research shows that caloric versus low-calorie sweeteners can have differential effects on the brain, it is unknown which neuronal populations are responsible for detecting the difference between the two types of sweeteners. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we investigated how drinking sucrose or sucralose (a low-calorie sweetener) affects the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Furthermore, we explored the consequences of consuming a free-choice high fat diet on the calorie detection abilities of these glutamatergic neurons. We found that glutamatergic neurons indeed can discriminate sucrose from water and sucralose, and that consumption of a free-choice high fat diet shifts the glutamatergic neuronal response from sucrose-specific to sucralose-specific, thereby disrupting calorie detection. These results highlight the disruptive effects of a diet high in saturated fat on calorie detection in the lateral hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Koekkoek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margo Slomp
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Castel
- BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michael Mutersbaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ian Linville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Mitra S, Basu S, Singh O, Lechan RM, Singru PS. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide- and dopamine-containing systems interact in the ventral tegmental area of the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, during dynamic changes in energy status. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2537-2559. [PMID: 34392422 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine (DA)-pathway regulates food-reward, feeding-related behaviour and energy balance. Evidence underscores the importance of feeding-related neuropeptides in modulating activity of these DA neurons. The neuropeptide, CART, a crucial regulator of energy balance, modulates DA-release, and influences the activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DAergic neurons in the mammalian brain. Whether CART- and DA-containing systems interact at the level of VTA to regulate energy balance, however, is poorly understood. We explored the interaction between CART- and DA-containing systems in midbrain of the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, an interesting model to study dynamic changes in energy balance due to higher BMR/daytime body temperature, and rapid responsiveness of the feeding-related neuropeptides to changes in energy state. Further, its midbrain DA-neurons share similarities with those in mammals. In the midbrain, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-i) neurons were seen in the substantia nigra (SN) and VTA [anterior (VTAa), mid (VTAm) and caudal (VTAc)]; those in VTA were smaller. In the VTA, CART-immunoreactive (CART-i)-fibers densely innervated TH-i neurons, and both CART-immunoreactivity (CART-ir) and TH-immunoreactivity (TH-ir) responded to energy status-dependent changes. Compared to fed and fasted birds, refeeding dramatically enhanced TH-ir and the percentage of TH-i neurons co-expressing FOS in the VTA. Increased prepro-CART-mRNA, CART-ir and a transient appearance of CART-i neurons was observed in VTAa of fasted, but not fed birds. To test the functional interaction between CART- and DA-containing systems, ex-vivo superfused midbrain-slices were treated with CART-peptide and changes in TH-ir analysed. Compared to control tissues, CART-treatment increased TH-ir in VTA but not SN. We propose that CART is a potential regulator of VTA DA-neurons and energy balance in T. guttata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarsi Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sumela Basu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Omprakash Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Ronald M Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Praful S Singru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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20
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Ren JN, Yin KJ, Fan G, Li X, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang LL, Xie DY, Yuan F, Pan SY. Effect of short-term intake of four sweeteners on feed intake, solution consumption and neurotransmitters release on mice. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:2227-2236. [PMID: 33967319 PMCID: PMC8076381 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of short-term intake of sweeteners on feed intake, solution consumption and neurotransmitters release on mice. The results showed that the free drinking of 10 mM sucralose solution, 100 mM maltose solution, 3 mM saccharin solution and 3 g/L stevioside solution for 32 days will not affect the normal development of the body weight and feed intake of the mice. The consumption of maltose solution was significantly higher than that of the other sweeteners. The leptin and insulin levels increased significantly after the short-term intake of these four sweeteners. The dopamine (DA) content in the whole brain of the mice increased significantly only in the maltose group. These results indicate that the short-term intake of the preferred concentrations of maltose, stevioside, sucralose and saccharin will not affect the body weight and feed intake of the mice. Mice prefer maltose solution to other sweeteners solutions. The 100 mM maltose solution and 3 mM saccharin solution could result in the oxidative stress on mice after 32 days' short-term intake. Compared with other sweeteners, only sugars that could be broken down into small molecules of glucose might have a positive effect on dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Kai-Jing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 102200 China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ding-Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 China
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21
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The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
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Lord MN, Subramanian K, Kanoski SE, Noble EE. Melanin-concentrating hormone and food intake control: Sites of action, peptide interactions, and appetition. Peptides 2021; 137:170476. [PMID: 33370567 PMCID: PMC8025943 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given the increased prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities, understanding the mechanisms through which the brain regulates energy balance is of critical importance. The neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is produced in the lateral hypothalamic area and the adjacent incerto-hypothalamic area and promotes both food intake and energy conservation, overall contributing to body weight gain. Decades of research into this system has provided insight into the neural pathways and mechanisms (behavioral and neurobiological) through which MCH stimulates food intake. Recent technological advancements that allow for selective manipulation of MCH neuron activity have elucidated novel mechanisms of action for the hyperphagic effects of MCH, implicating neural "volume" transmission in the cerebrospinal fluid and sex-specific effects of MCH on food intake control as understudied areas for future investigation. Highlighted here are historical and recent findings that illuminate the neurobiological mechanisms through which MCH promotes food intake, including the identification of various specific neural signaling pathways and interactions with other peptide systems. We conclude with a framework that the hyperphagic effects of MCH signaling are predominantly mediated through enhancement of an "appetition" process in which early postoral prandial signals promote further caloric consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magen N Lord
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Keshav Subramanian
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA.
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Terrill SJ, Subramanian KS, Lan R, Liu CM, Cortella AM, Noble EE, Kanoski SE. Nucleus accumbens melanin-concentrating hormone signaling promotes feeding in a sex-specific manner. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108270. [PMID: 32795460 PMCID: PMC7544677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta that increases food intake. The neuronal pathways and behavioral mechanisms mediating the orexigenic effects of MCH are poorly understood, as is the extent to which MCH-mediated feeding outcomes are sex-dependent. Here we investigate the hypothesis that MCH-producing neurons act in the nucleus accumbens shell (ACBsh) to promote feeding behavior and motivation for palatable food in a sex-dependent manner. We utilized ACBsh MCH receptor (MCH1R)-directed pharmacology as well as a dual virus chemogenetic approach to selectively activate MCH neurons that project to the ACBsh. Results reveal that both ACBsh MCH1R activation and activating ACBsh-projecting MCH neurons increase consumption of standard chow and palatable sucrose in male rats without affecting motivated operant responding for sucrose, general activity levels, or anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, food intake was not affected in female rats by either ACBsh MCH1R activation or ACBsh-projecting MCH neuron activation. To determine a mechanism for this sexual dimorphism, we investigated whether the orexigenic effect of ACBsh MCH1R activation is reduced by endogenous estradiol signaling. In ovariectomized female rats on a cyclic regimen of either estradiol (EB) or oil vehicle, ACBsh MCH1R activation increased feeding only in oil-treated rats, suggesting that EB attenuates the ability of ACBsh MCH signaling to promote food intake. Collective results show that MCH ACBsh signaling promotes feeding in an estrogen- and sex-dependent manner, thus identifying novel neurobiological mechanisms through which MCH and female sex hormones interact to influence food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Terrill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Keshav S Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Rae Lan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Clarissa M Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Alyssa M Cortella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 129 Barrow Hall, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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24
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Lee J, Raycraft L, Johnson AW. The dynamic regulation of appetitive behavior through lateral hypothalamic orexin and melanin concentrating hormone expressing cells. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113234. [PMID: 33130035 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a heterogeneous brain structure extensively studied for its potent role in regulating energy balance. The anatomical and molecular diversity of the LHA permits the orchestration of responses to energy sensing cues from the brain and periphery. Two of the primary cell populations within the LHA associated with integration of this information are Orexin (ORX) and Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH). While both of these non-overlapping populations exhibit orexigenic properties, the activities of these two systems support feeding behavior through contrasting mechanisms. We describe the anatomical and functional properties as well as interaction with other neuropeptides and brain reward and hedonic systems. Specific outputs relating to arousal, food seeking, feeding, and metabolism are coordinated through these mechanisms. We then discuss how both the ORX and MCH systems harmonize in a divergent yet overall cooperative manner to orchestrate feeding behavior through transitions between various appetitive states, and thus offer novel insights into LHA allostatic control of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander W Johnson
- Department of Psychology; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
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25
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Burdakov D, Peleg-Raibstein D. The hypothalamus as a primary coordinator of memory updating. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Dore R, Krotenko R, Reising JP, Murru L, Sundaram SM, Di Spiezio A, Müller-Fielitz H, Schwaninger M, Jöhren O, Mittag J, Passafaro M, Shanabrough M, Horvath TL, Schulz C, Lehnert H. Nesfatin-1 decreases the motivational and rewarding value of food. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1645-1655. [PMID: 32353862 PMCID: PMC7419560 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic and hedonic pathways distinctly interact to control food intake. Dysregulations of circuitries controlling hedonic feeding may disrupt homeostatic mechanisms and lead to eating disorders. The anorexigenic peptides nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)/nesfatin-1 may be involved in the interaction of these pathways. The endogenous levels of this peptide are regulated by the feeding state, with reduced levels following fasting and normalized by refeeding. The fasting state is associated with biochemical and behavioral adaptations ultimately leading to enhanced sensitization of reward circuitries towards food reward. Although NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is expressed in reward-related brain areas, its role in regulating motivation and preference for nutrients has not yet been investigated. We here report that both dopamine and GABA neurons express NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the VTA. Ex vivo electrophysiological recordings show that nesfatin-1 hyperpolarizes dopamine, but not GABA, neurons of the VTA by inducing an outward potassium current. In vivo, central administration of nesfatin-1 reduces motivation for food reward in a high-effort condition, sucrose intake and preference. We next adopted a 2-bottle choice procedure, whereby the reward value of sucrose was compared with that of a reference stimulus (sucralose + optogenetic stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons) and found that nesfatin-1 fully abolishes the fasting-induced increase in the reward value of sucrose. These findings indicate that nesfatin-1 reduces energy intake by negatively modulating dopaminergic neuron activity and, in turn, hedonic aspects of food intake. Since nesfatin-1´s actions are preserved in conditions of leptin resistance, the present findings render the NUCB2/nesfatin-1 system an appealing target for the development of novel therapeutical treatments towards obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Regina Krotenko
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Reising
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Present Address: Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Murru
- grid.418879.b0000 0004 1758 9800CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Sivaraj Mohana Sundaram
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandro Di Spiezio
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Passafaro
- grid.418879.b0000 0004 1758 9800CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Comparative Medicine, Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Comparative Medicine, Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.483037.b0000 0001 2226 5083Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, H-1078 Hungary
| | - Carla Schulz
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Moriconi E, Feraco A, Marzolla V, Infante M, Lombardo M, Fabbri A, Caprio M. Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32765425 PMCID: PMC7378387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since excessive sugar consumption has been related to the development of chronic metabolic diseases prevalent in the western world, the use of sweeteners has gradually increased worldwide over the last few years. Although low- and non-calorie sweeteners may represent a valuable tool to reduce calorie intake and prevent weight gain, studies investigating the safety and efficacy of these compounds in the short- and long-term period are scarce and controversial. Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the impact of different sweeteners on central nervous system, gut hormones and gut microbiota is important, given the strong implications that changes in such systems may have for human health. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence for the neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of sweeteners, as well as their impact on gut microbiota. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of the use of sweeteners in the context of very-low calorie ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
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28
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Diniz GB, Battagello DS, Klein MO, Bono BSM, Ferreira JGP, Motta‐Teixeira LC, Duarte JCG, Presse F, Nahon J, Adamantidis A, Chee MJ, Sita LV, Bittencourt JC. Ciliary melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) is widely distributed in the murine CNS in a sex‐independent manner. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2045-2071. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne B. Diniz
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Daniella S. Battagello
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Marianne O. Klein
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Jozélia G. P. Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Livia C. Motta‐Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jessica C. G. Duarte
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Françoise Presse
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) Université Côte d’AzurCNRS Valbonne France
| | - Jean‐Louis Nahon
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC) Université Côte d’AzurCNRS Valbonne France
| | | | - Melissa J. Chee
- Department of Neuroscience Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Luciane V. Sita
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jackson C. Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Institute of Psychology University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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29
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30
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Vasquez JH, Borniger JC. Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Consequences of Hyperglycemia in Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5810322. [PMID: 32193527 PMCID: PMC7174055 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the disruption of cellular metabolism during the course of malignant growth. Major focus is now on how these cell-autonomous processes propagate to the tumor microenvironment and, more generally, to the entire host system. This chain of events can have major consequences for a patient's health and wellbeing. For example, metabolic "waste" produced by cancer cells activates systemic inflammatory responses, which can interfere with hepatic insulin receptor signaling and glucose homeostasis. Research is just now beginning to understand how these processes occur, and how they contribute to systemic symptoms prevalent across cancers, including hyperglycemia, fatigue, pain, and sleep disruption. Indeed, it is only recently that we have begun to appreciate that the brain does not play a passive role in responding to cancer-induced changes in physiology. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of how oncogene-directed metabolic reprogramming disrupts host metabolism, with a specific emphasis on cancer-induced hyperglycemia. We further discuss how the brain senses circulating glucose concentrations and how this process goes awry as a response to distant neoplastic growth. Finally, as glucose-sensing neurons control diverse aspects of physiology and behavior, we link cancer-induced changes in energy balance to neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences for the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan H Vasquez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Correspondence: Jeremy C. Borniger, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. E-mail:
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31
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Li P, Shan H, Nie B, Liu H, Dong G, Guo Y, Du J, Gao H, Ma L, Li D, Shan B. Sleeve Gastrectomy Rescuing the Altered Functional Connectivity of Lateral but Not Medial Hypothalamus in Subjects with Obesity. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2191-2199. [PMID: 30895508 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral and medial hypothalamus (LH and MH) play important roles in energy balance. Changed hypothalamic function has been found in subjects with obesity. However, the effect of bariatric surgery on the function of the two sub-regions has been poorly investigated. METHODS Thirty-eight subjects with obesity and 34 age- and sex-matched normal-weight controls were included. Seventeen of the 38 subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data and metabolic parameters were collected to investigate functional connectivity networks of the two hypothalamic sub-regions as well as the influence of sleeve gastrectomy on the two networks in subjects with obesity. RESULTS Compared to normal-weight controls, pre-surgical subjects had increased functional connectivity (FC) in the reward region (putamen) within the LH network, and increased FC in somatosensory cortical area (insula), as well as decreased FC in the cognitive control regions (prefrontal regions) within the MH network. After the surgery, post-surgical FC of the putamen within the LH network changed towards the patterns found in the control group. Furthermore, the changes in fasting glucose before and after the surgery were associated with the changes in FC of the putamen within the LH network. CONCLUSIONS The FC within the LH and MH networks were changed in subjects with obesity. Part of these altered FC was rescued after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlong Li
- Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Shan
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Izawa S, Chowdhury S, Miyazaki T, Mukai Y, Ono D, Inoue R, Ohmura Y, Mizoguchi H, Kimura K, Yoshioka M, Terao A, Kilduff TS, Yamanaka A. REM sleep-active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories. Science 2020; 365:1308-1313. [PMID: 31604241 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying memory regulation during sleep are not yet fully understood. We found that melanin concentrating hormone-producing neurons (MCH neurons) in the hypothalamus actively contribute to forgetting in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Hypothalamic MCH neurons densely innervated the dorsal hippocampus. Activation or inhibition of MCH neurons impaired or improved hippocampus-dependent memory, respectively. Activation of MCH nerve terminals in vitro reduced firing of hippocampal pyramidal neurons by increasing inhibitory inputs. Wake- and REM sleep-active MCH neurons were distinct populations that were randomly distributed in the hypothalamus. REM sleep state-dependent inhibition of MCH neurons impaired hippocampus-dependent memory without affecting sleep architecture or quality. REM sleep-active MCH neurons in the hypothalamus are thus involved in active forgetting in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Izawa
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Srikanta Chowdhury
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toh Miyazaki
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mukai
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Ohmura
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Research Center for Next-Generation Drug Development, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akira Terao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.,School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan
| | - Thomas S Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. .,Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,CREST, JST, Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Linehan V, Fang LZ, Parsons MP, Hirasawa M. High-fat diet induces time-dependent synaptic plasticity of the lateral hypothalamus. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100977. [PMID: 32277924 PMCID: PMC7170999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Orexin (ORX) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus are critical regulators of energy homeostasis and are thought to differentially contribute to diet-induced obesity. However, it is unclear whether the synaptic properties of these cells are altered by obesogenic diets over time. Methods Rats and mice were fed a control chow or palatable high-fat diet (HFD) for various durations and then synaptic properties of ORX and MCH neurons were examined using exvivo whole-cell patch clamp recording. Confocal imaging was performed to assess the number of excitatory synaptic contacts to these neurons. Results ORX neurons exhibited a transient increase in spontaneous excitatory transmission as early as 1 day up to 1 week of HFD, which returned to control levels with prolonged feeding. Conversely, HFD induced a delayed increase in excitatory synaptic transmission to MCH neurons, which progressively increased as HFD became chronic. This increase occurred before the onset of significant weight gain. These synaptic changes appeared to be due to altered postsynaptic sensitivity or the number of active synaptic contacts depending on cell type and feeding duration. However, HFD induced no change in inhibitory transmission in either cell type at any time point. Conclusions These results suggest that the effects of HFD on feeding-related neurons are cell type-specific and dynamic. This highlights the importance of considering the feeding duration for research and weight loss interventions. ORX neurons may contribute to early hyperphagia, whereas MCH neurons may play a role in the onset and long-term maintenance of diet-induced obesity. High-fat diet increases excitatory transmission to orexin and MCH neurons. Increased excitatory drive to orexin neurons occurs within the first week but is transient. Excitatory synapses to MCH neurons increase with prolonged high-fat diet. Excitatory changes in MCH neurons are delayed but precede significant weight gain. These synaptic changes may contribute to the development and the maintenance of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Linehan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Lisa Z Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Matthew P Parsons
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Michiru Hirasawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Plaisier F, Hume C, Menzies J. Neural connectivity between the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus and appetite- and motivation-related regions of the rat brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12829. [PMID: 31925973 PMCID: PMC7065010 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has an emerging role in appetite control. We have shown that the rat SuM is activated during hunger or food anticipation, or by ghrelin administration. In the present study, we characterised the connectivity between the SuM and key appetite- and motivation-related nuclei in the rat. In adult wild-type rats, or rats expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter (TH-Cre rats), we used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to visualise and correlate the activation of medial SuM (SuMM) with activation in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH), the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA) after voluntary consumption of a high-sugar, high-fat food. To determine neuroanatomical connectivity, we used retrograde and anterograde tracing methods to specifically investigate the neuronal inputs and outputs of the SuMM. After consumption of the food there were positive correlations between c-Fos expression in the SuMM and the LH, DMH and VTA (P = 0.0001, 0.01 and 0.004). Using Fluoro-Ruby as a retrograde tracer, we demonstrate the existence of inputs from the LH, DMH, VTA and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) to the SuMM. The SuMM showed reciprocal inputs to the LH and DMH, and we identified a TH-positive output from SuMM to DMH. We co-labelled retrogradely-labelled sections for TH in the VMH, or for TH, orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone in the LH and DMH. However, we did not observe any colocalisation of immunoreactivity with any retrogradely-labelled cells. Viral mapping in TH-Cre rats confirms the existence of a reciprocal SuMM-DMH connection and shows that TH-positive cells project from the SuMM and VTA to the lateral septal area and cingulate cortex, respectively. These data provide evidence for the connectivity of the SuMM to brain regions involved in appetite control, and form the foundation for functional and behavioural studies aiming to further characterise the brain circuitry controlling eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Plaisier
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Catherine Hume
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - John Menzies
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- ZJU‐UoE InstituteZhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University International CampusHainingZhejiangChina
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Dilsiz P, Aklan I, Sayar Atasoy N, Yavuz Y, Filiz G, Koksalar F, Ates T, Oncul M, Coban I, Ates Oz E, Cebecioglu U, Alp MI, Yilmaz B, Atasoy D. MCH Neuron Activity Is Sufficient for Reward and Reinforces Feeding. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:258-270. [PMID: 31154452 DOI: 10.1159/000501234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing neurons have been implicated in regulation of energy homeostasis and reward, yet the role of their electrical activity in short-term appetite and reward modulation has not been fully understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated short-term behavioral and physiological effects of MCH neuron activity manipulations. METHODS We used optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches in Pmch-cre transgenic mice to acutely stimulate/inhibit MCH neuronal activity while probing feeding, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors, glucose homeostasis, and reward. RESULTS MCH neuron activity is neither required nor sufficient for short-term appetite unless stimulation is temporally paired with consumption. MCH neuronal activation does not affect short-term locomotor activity, but inhibition improves glucose tolerance and is mildly anxiolytic. Finally, using two different operant tasks, we showed that activation of MCH neurons alone is sufficient to induce reward. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm diverse behavioral/physiological functions of MCH neurons and suggest a direct role in reward function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Dilsiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nilufer Sayar Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Filiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Koksalar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ates
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Oncul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Coban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edanur Ates Oz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Cebecioglu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Alp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey,
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA,
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Al-Massadi O, Quiñones M, Clasadonte J, Hernandez-Bautista R, Romero-Picó A, Folgueira C, Morgan DA, Kalló I, Heras V, Senra A, Funderburk SC, Krashes MJ, Souto Y, Fidalgo M, Luquet S, Chee MJ, Imbernon M, Beiroa D, García-Caballero L, Gallego R, Lam BYH, Yeo G, Lopez M, Liposits Z, Rahmouni K, Prevot V, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. MCH Regulates SIRT1/FoxO1 and Reduces POMC Neuronal Activity to Induce Hyperphagia, Adiposity, and Glucose Intolerance. Diabetes 2019; 68:2210-2222. [PMID: 31530579 PMCID: PMC6868473 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an important regulator of food intake, glucose metabolism, and adiposity. However, the mechanisms mediating these actions remain largely unknown. We used pharmacological and genetic approaches to show that the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/FoxO1 signaling pathway in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) mediates MCH-induced feeding, adiposity, and glucose intolerance. MCH reduces proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal activity, and the SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway regulates the inhibitory effect of MCH on POMC expression. Remarkably, the metabolic actions of MCH are compromised in mice lacking SIRT1 specifically in POMC neurons. Of note, the actions of MCH are independent of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons because inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in the ARC did not prevent the orexigenic action of MCH, and the hypophagic effect of MCH silencing was maintained after chemogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons. Central SIRT1 is required for MCH-induced weight gain through its actions on the sympathetic nervous system. The central MCH knockdown causes hypophagia and weight loss in diet-induced obese wild-type mice; however, these effects were abolished in mice overexpressing SIRT1 fed a high-fat diet. These data reveal the neuronal basis for the effects of MCH on food intake, body weight, and glucose metabolism and highlight the relevance of SIRT1/FoxO1 pathway in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al-Massadi
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Clasadonte
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - René Hernandez-Bautista
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Romero-Picó
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
| | - Imre Kalló
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Samuel C Funderburk
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yara Souto
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Serge Luquet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Melissa J Chee
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalia Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giles Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Miguel Lopez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vincent Prevot
- INSERM, U1172, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chee MJ, Hebert AJ, Briançon N, Flaherty SE, Pissios P, Maratos-Flier E. Conditional deletion of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 from GABAergic neurons increases locomotor activity. Mol Metab 2019; 29:114-123. [PMID: 31668382 PMCID: PMC6745487 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) plays a key role in regulating energy balance. MCH acts via its receptor MCHR1, and MCHR1 deletion increases energy expenditure and locomotor activity, which is associated with a hyperdopaminergic state. Since MCHR1 expression is widespread, the neurons supporting the effects of MCH on energy expenditure are not clearly defined. There is a high density of MCHR1 neurons in the striatum, and these neurons are known to be GABAergic. We thus determined if MCH acts via this GABAergic neurocircuit to mediate energy balance. Methods We generated a Mchr1-flox mouse and crossed it with the Vgat-cre mouse to assess if MCHR1 deletion from GABAergic neurons expressing the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) in female Vgat-Mchr1-KO mice resulted in lower body weights or increased energy expenditure. Additionally, we determined if MCHR1-expressing neurons within the accumbens form part of the neural circuit underlying MCH-mediated energy balance by delivering an adeno-associated virus expressing Cre recombinase to the accumbens nucleus of Mchr1-flox mice. To evaluate if a dysregulated dopaminergic tone leads to their hyperactivity, we determined if the dopamine reuptake blocker GBR12909 prolonged the drug-induced locomotor activity in Vgat-Mchr1-KO mice. Furthermore, we also performed amperometry recordings to test whether MCHR1 deletion increases dopamine output within the accumbens and whether MCH can suppress dopamine release. Results Vgat-Mchr1-KO mice have lower body weight, increased energy expenditure, and increased locomotor activity. Similarly, restricting MCHR1 deletion to the accumbens nucleus also increased locomotor activity. Vgat-Mchr1-KO mice show increased and prolonged sensitivity to GBR12909-induced locomotor activity, and amperometry recordings revealed that GBR12909 elevated accumbens dopamine levels to twice that of controls, thus MCHR1 deletion may lead to a hyperdopaminergic state that mediates their observed hyperactivity. Consistent with the inhibitory effect of MCH, we found that MCH acutely suppresses dopamine release within the accumbens. Conclusions As with established models of systemic MCH or MCHR1 deletion, we found that MCHR1 deletion from GABAergic neurons, specifically those within the accumbens nucleus, also led to increased locomotor activity. A hyperdopaminergic state underlies this increased locomotor activity, and is consistent with our finding that MCH signaling within the accumbens nucleus suppresses dopamine release. In effect, MCHR1 deletion may disinhibit dopamine release leading to the observed hyperactivity. Generation of Mchr1-flox mouse enabled cre-mediated deletion of Mchr1. Mchr1 deletion at GABAergic neurons decreased body weight. Mchr1 deletion at GABAergic neurons increased locomotor activity. Mchr1 deletion increased dopaminergic tone in the mesolimbic accumbens circuitry. MCH suppressed dopamine release in the accumbens nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alex J Hebert
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadege Briançon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen E Flaherty
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:178-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Diniz GB, Battagello DS, Cherubini PM, Reyes-Mendoza JD, Luna-Illades C, Klein MO, Motta-Teixeira LC, Sita LV, Miranda-Anaya M, Morales T, Bittencourt JC. Melanin-concentrating hormone peptidergic system: Comparative morphology between muroid species. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2973-3001. [PMID: 31152440 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a conserved neuropeptide, predominantly located in the diencephalon of vertebrates, and associated with a wide range of functions. While functional studies have focused on the use of the traditional mouse laboratory model, critical gaps exist in our understanding of the morphology of the MCH system in this species. Even less is known about the nontraditional animal model Neotomodon alstoni (Mexican volcano mouse). A comparative morphological study among these rodents may, therefore, contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the MCH peptidergic system. To this end, we employed diverse immunohistochemical protocols to identify key aspects of the MCH system, including its spatial relationship to another neurochemical population of the tuberal hypothalamus, the orexins. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions were also employed to convey a better sense of spatial distribution to these neurons. Our results show that the distribution of MCH neurons in all rodents studied follows a basic plan, but individual characteristics are found for each species, such as the preeminence of a periventricular group only in the rat, the lack of posterior groups in the mouse, and the extensive presence of MCH neurons in the anterior hypothalamic area of Neotomodon. Taken together, these data suggest a strong anatomical substrate for previously described functions of the MCH system, and that particular neurochemical and morphological features may have been determinant to species-specific phenotypes in rodent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanne B Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniella S Battagello
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Pedro M Cherubini
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio D Reyes-Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Cesar Luna-Illades
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Marianne O Klein
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Motta-Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Sita
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Teresa Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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A Role of Drd2 Hippocampal Neurons in Context-Dependent Food Intake. Neuron 2019; 102:873-886.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Gu S, Wang F, Patel NP, Bourgeois JA, Huang JH. A Model for Basic Emotions Using Observations of Behavior in Drosophila. Front Psychol 2019; 10:781. [PMID: 31068849 PMCID: PMC6491740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses. Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to scientifically studying emotional phenomena limits our current understanding and thereby calls for the development of novel methodologies, such us the study of illustrative animal models. Analysis of Drosophila and other insects has unlocked new opportunities to elucidate the behavioral phenotypes of fundamentally emotional phenomena. Here we propose an integrative model of basic emotions based on observations of this animal model. The basic emotions are internal states that are modulated by neuromodulators, and these internal states are externally expressed as certain stereotypical behaviors, such as instinct, which is proposed as ancient mechanisms of survival. There are four kinds of basic emotions: happiness, sadness, fear, and anger, which are differentially associated with three core affects: reward (happiness), punishment (sadness), and stress (fear and anger). These core affects are analogous to the three primary colors (red, yellow, and blue) in that they are combined in various proportions to result in more complex “higher order” emotions, such as love and aesthetic emotion. We refer to our proposed model of emotions as called the “Three Primary Color Model of Basic Emotions.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nitesh P Patel
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - James A Bourgeois
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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42
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Arrigoni E, Chee MJS, Fuller PM. To eat or to sleep: That is a lateral hypothalamic question. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:34-49. [PMID: 30503993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region that is involved in the regulation of many behavioral and physiological processes including feeding, arousal, energy balance, stress, reward and motivated behaviors, pain perception, body temperature regulation, digestive functions and blood pressure. Despite noteworthy experimental efforts over the past decades, the circuit, cellular and synaptic bases by which these different processes are regulated by the LH remains incompletely understood. This knowledge gap links in large part to the high cellular heterogeneity of the LH. Fortunately, the rapid evolution of newer genetic and electrophysiological tools is now permitting the selective manipulation, typically genetically-driven, of discrete LH cell populations. This, in turn, permits not only assignment of function to discrete cell groups, but also reveals that considerable synergistic and antagonistic interactions exist between key LH cell populations that regulate feeding and arousal. For example, we now know that while LH melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin neurons both function as sensors of the internal metabolic environment, their roles regulating sleep and arousal are actually opposing. Additional studies have uncovered similarly important roles for subpopulations of LH GABAergic cells in the regulation of both feeding and arousal. Herein we review the role of LH MCH, orexin/hypocretin and GABAergic cell populations in the regulation of energy homeostasis (including feeding) and sleep-wake and discuss how these three cell populations, and their subpopulations, may interact to optimize and coordinate metabolism, sleep and arousal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Melissa J S Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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43
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Crossley M, Staras K, Kemenes G. A central control circuit for encoding perceived food value. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau9180. [PMID: 30474061 PMCID: PMC6248929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hunger state can substantially alter the perceived value of a stimulus, even to the extent that the same sensory cue can trigger antagonistic behaviors. How the nervous system uses these graded perceptual shifts to select between opposed motor patterns remains enigmatic. Here, we challenged food-deprived and satiated Lymnaea to choose between two mutually exclusive behaviors, ingestion or egestion, produced by the same feeding central pattern generator. Decoding the underlying neural circuit reveals that the activity of central dopaminergic interneurons defines hunger state and drives network reconfiguration, biasing satiated animals toward the rejection of stimuli deemed palatable by food-deprived ones. By blocking the action of these neurons, satiated animals can be reconfigured to exhibit a hungry animal phenotype. This centralized mechanism occurs in the complete absence of sensory retuning and generalizes across different sensory modalities, allowing food-deprived animals to increase their perception of food value in a stimulus-independent manner to maximize potential calorific intake.
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44
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Baader-Pagler T, Eckhardt M, Himmelsbach F, Sauer A, Stierstorfer BE, Hamilton BS. SGLT6 - A pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity? Adipocyte 2018; 7:277-284. [PMID: 30161013 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1516098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increased knowledge of nutrient intake regulation and energy homeostasis, treatment options for obesity remain limited. Food reward consists of two branches: gustatory and post-ingestive nutritive information. Drosophila lacking dSLC5A11 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 6-SGLT6) prefer L-glucose over D-glucose independently of their state of satiety. Human SGLT6 is an active transporter of myo-inositol and D-glucose. We investigated expression of SGLT6 in human tissue and found a significant expression in the small intestine and brain. The preference between a metabolizable and a non-metabolizable sugar was tested in 3 mouse models with a selective and potent SGLT6 inhibitor. No influence on sugar preference was seen with SGLT6 inhibition. These studies suggest that SGLT6 does not play a significant role in nutrient sensing in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Baader-Pagler
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Himmelsbach
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Achim Sauer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Birgit E. Stierstorfer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bradford S. Hamilton
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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45
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:551-568. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta G. Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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46
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Kurt G, Woodworth HL, Fowler S, Bugescu R, Leinninger GM. Activation of lateral hypothalamic area neurotensin-expressing neurons promotes drinking. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:13-21. [PMID: 30266601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animals must ingest water via drinking to maintain fluid homeostasis, yet the neurons that specifically promote drinking behavior are incompletely characterized. The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) as a whole is essential for drinking behavior but most LHA neurons indiscriminately promote drinking and feeding. By contrast, activating neurotensin (Nts)-expressing LHA neurons (termed LHA Nts neurons) causes mice to immediately drink water with a delayed suppression of feeding. We therefore hypothesized that LHA Nts neurons are sufficient to induce drinking behavior and that these neurons specifically bias for fluid intake over food intake. To test this hypothesis we used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to selectively activate LHA Nts neurons and studied the impact on fluid intake, fluid preference and feeding. Activation of LHA Nts neurons stimulated drinking in water-replete and dehydrated mice, indicating that these neurons are sufficient to promote water intake regardless of homeostatic need. Interestingly, mice with activated LHA Nts neurons drank any fluid that was provided regardless of its palatability, but if given a choice they preferred water or palatable solutions over unpalatable (quinine) or dehydrating (hypertonic saline) solutions. Notably, acute activation of LHA Nts neurons robustly promoted fluid but not food intake. Overall, our study confirms that activation of LHA Nts neurons is sufficient to induce drinking behavior and biases for fluid intake. Hence, LHA Nts neurons may be important targets for orchestrating the appropriate ingestive behavior necessary to maintain fluid homeostasis. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48114, USA
| | - Hillary L Woodworth
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48114, USA
| | - Sabrina Fowler
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48114, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48114, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48114, USA.
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47
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Alvarsson A, Stanley SA. Remote control of glucose-sensing neurons to analyze glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E327-E339. [PMID: 29812985 PMCID: PMC6171010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00469.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system relies on a continual supply of glucose, and must be able to detect glucose levels and regulate peripheral organ functions to ensure that its energy requirements are met. Specialized glucose-sensing neurons, first described half a century ago, use glucose as a signal and modulate their firing rates as glucose levels change. Glucose-excited neurons are activated by increasing glucose concentrations, while glucose-inhibited neurons increase their firing rate as glucose concentrations fall and decrease their firing rate as glucose concentrations rise. Glucose-sensing neurons are present in multiple brain regions and are highly expressed in hypothalamic regions, where they are involved in functions related to glucose homeostasis. However, the roles of glucose-sensing neurons in healthy and disease states remain poorly understood. Technologies that can rapidly and reversibly activate or inhibit defined neural populations provide invaluable tools to investigate how specific neural populations regulate metabolism and other physiological roles. Optogenetics has high temporal and spatial resolutions, requires implants for neural stimulation, and is suitable for modulating local neural populations. Chemogenetics, which requires injection of a synthetic ligand, can target both local and widespread populations. Radio- and magnetogenetics offer rapid neural activation in localized or widespread neural populations without the need for implants or injections. These tools will allow us to better understand glucose-sensing neurons and their metabolism-regulating circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
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48
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Schneeberger M, Tan K, Nectow AR, Parolari L, Caglar C, Azevedo E, Li Z, Domingos A, Friedman JM. Functional analysis reveals differential effects of glutamate and MCH neuropeptide in MCH neurons. Mol Metab 2018; 13:83-89. [PMID: 29843980 PMCID: PMC6026325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) regulate food intake and body weight, glucose metabolism and convey the reward value of sucrose. In this report, we set out to establish the respective roles of MCH and conventional neurotransmitters in these neurons. METHODS MCH neurons were profiled using Cre-dependent molecular profiling technologies (vTRAP). MCHCre mice crossed to Vglut2fl/flmice or to DTRfl/flwere used to identify the role of glutamate in MCH neurons. We assessed metabolic parameters such as body composition, glucose tolerance, or sucrose preference. RESULTS We found that nearly all MCH neurons in the LH are glutamatergic and that a loss of glutamatergic signaling from MCH neurons from a glutamate transporter (VGlut2) knockout leads to a reduced weight, hypophagia and hyperkinetic behavior with improved glucose tolerance and a loss of sucrose preference. These effects are indistinguishable from those seen after ablation of MCH neurons. These findings are in contrast to those seen in mice with a knockout of the MCH neuropeptide, which show normal glucose preference and do not have improved glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data show that the vast majority of MCH neurons are glutamatergic, and that glutamate and MCH signaling mediate partially overlapping functions by these neurons, presumably by activating partially overlapping postsynaptic populations. The diverse functional effects of MCH neurons are thus mediated by a composite of glutamate and MCH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Keith Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; A*Star Institute of Medical Biology, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #20-10 Connexis North Tower, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Alexander R Nectow
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Princeton Neuroscience institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544-2098, USA
| | - Luca Parolari
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Caner Caglar
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Estefania Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhiying Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ana Domingos
- Obesity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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49
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Clarke RE, Verdejo-Garcia A, Andrews ZB. The role of corticostriatal-hypothalamic neural circuits in feeding behaviour: implications for obesity. J Neurochem 2018; 147:715-729. [PMID: 29704424 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence from human imaging studies suggests that obese individuals have altered connectivity between the hypothalamus, the key brain region controlling energy homeostasis, and cortical regions involved in decision-making and reward processing. Historically, animal studies have demonstrated that the lateral hypothalamus is the key hypothalamic region involved in feeding and reward. The lateral hypothalamus is a heterogeneous structure comprised of several distinct types of neurons which are scattered throughout. In addition, the lateral hypothalamus receives inputs from a number of cortical brain regions suggesting that it is uniquely positioned to be a key integrator of cortical information and metabolic feedback. In this review, we summarize how human brain imaging can inform detailed animal studies to investigate neural pathways connecting cortical regions and the hypothalamus. Here, we discuss key cortical brain regions that are reciprocally connected to the lateral hypothalamus and are implicated in decision-making processes surrounding food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Clarke
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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50
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López-Gambero AJ, Martínez F, Salazar K, Cifuentes M, Nualart F. Brain Glucose-Sensing Mechanism and Energy Homeostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:769-796. [PMID: 29796992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic and energy state of the organism depends largely on the availability of substrates, such as glucose for ATP production, necessary for maintaining physiological functions. Deregulation in glucose levels leads to the appearance of pathological signs that result in failures in the cardiovascular system and various diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Particularly, the brain relies on glucose as fuel for the normal development of neuronal activity. Regions adjacent to the cerebral ventricles, such as the hypothalamus and brainstem, exercise central control in energy homeostasis. These centers house nuclei of neurons whose excitatory activity is sensitive to changes in glucose levels. Determining the different detection mechanisms, the phenotype of neurosecretion, and neural connections involving glucose-sensitive neurons is essential to understanding the response to hypoglycemia through modulation of food intake, thermogenesis, and activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, inducing glucagon and epinephrine secretion and other hypothalamic-pituitary axis-dependent counterregulatory hormones, such as glucocorticoids and growth hormone. The aim of this review focuses on integrating the current understanding of various glucose-sensing mechanisms described in the brain, thereby establishing a relationship between neuroanatomy and control of physiological processes involved in both metabolic and energy balance. This will advance the understanding of increasingly prevalent diseases in the modern world, especially diabetes, and emphasize patterns that regulate and stimulate intake, thermogenesis, and the overall synergistic effect of the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J López-Gambero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - K Salazar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - M Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Málaga, Spain.
| | - F Nualart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells NeuroCellT, Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Advanced Microscopy CMA BIO BIO, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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