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Zheng Y, Han F, Wu Z, Wang B, Chen X, Boulouis C, Jiang Y, Ho A, He D, Sia WR, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Wang LF, Sandberg JK, Lobie PE, Ma S, Leeansyah E. MAIT cell activation and recruitment in inflammation and tissue damage in acute appendicitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6331. [PMID: 38865451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antimicrobial T cells abundant in the gut, but mechanisms for their migration into tissues during inflammation are poorly understood. Here, we used acute pediatric appendicitis (APA), a model of acute intestinal inflammation, to examine these migration mechanisms. MAIT cells were lower in numbers in circulation of patients with APA but were enriched in the inflamed appendix with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the patient-derived appendix organoid (PDAO) model, we found that circulating MAIT cells treated with inflammatory cytokines elevated in APA up-regulated chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR3, and CCR4. They exhibited enhanced infiltration of Escherichia coli-pulsed PDAO in a CCR1-, CCR2-, and CCR4-dependent manner. Close interactions of MAIT cells with infected organoids led to the PDAO structural destruction and death. These findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism of MAIT cell tissue homing, their participation in tissue damage in APA, and their intricate relationship with mucosal tissues during acute intestinal inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Caroline Boulouis
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuebin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Amanda Ho
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan K Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Precision Medicine and Healthcare Research Centre, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Bugaut H, El Morr Y, Mestdagh M, Darbois A, Paiva RA, Salou M, Perrin L, Fürstenheim M, du Halgouet A, Bilonda-Mutala L, Le Gac AL, Arnaud M, El Marjou A, Guerin C, Chaiyasitdhi A, Piquet J, Smadja DM, Cieslak A, Ryffel B, Maciulyte V, Turner JM, Bernardeau K, Montagutelli X, Lantz O, Legoux F. A conserved transcriptional program for MAIT cells across mammalian evolution. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231487. [PMID: 38117256 PMCID: PMC10733631 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells harbor evolutionarily conserved TCRs, suggesting important functions. As human and mouse MAIT functional programs appear distinct, the evolutionarily conserved MAIT functional features remain unidentified. Using species-specific tetramers coupled to single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized MAIT cell development in six species spanning 110 million years of evolution. Cross-species analyses revealed conserved transcriptional events underlying MAIT cell maturation, marked by ZBTB16 induction in all species. MAIT cells in human, sheep, cattle, and opossum acquired a shared type-1/17 transcriptional program, reflecting ancestral features. This program was also acquired by human iNKT cells, indicating common differentiation for innate-like T cells. Distinct type-1 and type-17 MAIT subsets developed in rodents, including pet mice and genetically diverse mouse strains. However, MAIT cells further matured in mouse intestines to acquire a remarkably conserved program characterized by concomitant expression of type-1, type-17, cytotoxicity, and tissue-repair genes. Altogether, the study provides a unifying view of the transcriptional features of innate-like T cells across evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bugaut
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yara El Morr
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Martin Mestdagh
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Rafael A. Paiva
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marion Salou
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Perrin
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mariela Fürstenheim
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia du Halgouet
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Linda Bilonda-Mutala
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Le Gac
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Manon Arnaud
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Coralie Guerin
- Cytometry Platform, CurieCoreTech, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Atitheb Chaiyasitdhi
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR168, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julie Piquet
- Biosurgical Research Laboratory, Carpentier Foundation, Paris, France
| | - David M. Smadja
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Agata Cieslak
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Université D’Orléans, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR7355, Orléans, France
| | - Valdone Maciulyte
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James M.A. Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Karine Bernardeau
- Nantes Université, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, BioCore, US16, Plateforme P2R, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre D’investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Legoux
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale ERL1305, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR6290, Rennes, France
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Loh L, Carcy S, Krovi HS, Domenico J, Spengler A, Lin Y, Torres J, Palmer W, Norman PJ, Stone M, Brunetti T, Meyer HV, Gapin L. Unraveling the Phenotypic States of Human innate-like T Cells: Comparative Insights with Conventional T Cells and Mouse Models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570707. [PMID: 38105962 PMCID: PMC10723458 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The "innate-like" T cell compartment, known as Tinn, represents a diverse group of T cells that straddle the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, having the ability to mount rapid responses following activation. In mice, this ability is acquired during thymic development. We explored the transcriptional landscape of Tinn compared to conventional T cells (Tconv) in the human thymus and blood using single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. We reveal that in human blood, the majority of Tinn cells, including iNKT, MAIT, and Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells, share an effector program characterized by the expression of unique chemokine and cytokine receptors, and cytotoxic molecules. This program is driven by specific transcription factors, distinct from those governing Tconv cells. Conversely, only a fraction of thymic Tinn cells displays an effector phenotype, while others share transcriptional features with developing Tconv cells, indicating potential divergent developmental pathways. Unlike the mouse, human Tinn cells do not differentiate into multiple effector subsets but develop a mixed type I/type III effector potential. To conduct a comprehensive cross-species analysis, we constructed a murine Tinn developmental atlas and uncovered additional species-specific distinctions, including the absence of type II Tinn cells in humans, which implies distinct immune regulatory mechanisms across species. The study provides insights into the development and functionality of Tinn cells, emphasizing their role in immune responses and their potential as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen Loh
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Salomé Carcy
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yong Lin
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Torres
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - William Palmer
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Paul J. Norman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Hannah V. Meyer
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
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Purohit SK, Corbett AJ, Slobedman B, Abendroth A. Varicella Zoster Virus infects mucosal associated Invariant T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121714. [PMID: 37006246 PMCID: PMC10063790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that respond to conserved pathogen-derived vitamin B metabolites presented by the MHC class I related-1 molecule (MR1) antigen presentation pathway. Whilst viruses do not synthesize these metabolites, we have reported that varicella zoster virus (VZV) profoundly suppresses MR1 expression, implicating this virus in manipulation of the MR1:MAIT cell axis. During primary infection, the lymphotropism of VZV is likely to be instrumental in hematogenous dissemination of virus to gain access to cutaneous sites where it clinically manifests as varicella (chickenpox). However, MAIT cells, which are found in the blood and at mucosal and other organ sites, have yet to be examined in the context of VZV infection. The goal of this study was to examine any direct impact of VZV on MAIT cells.MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we interrogated whether primary blood derived MAIT cells are permissive to infection by VZV whilst further analysing differential levels of infection between various MAIT cell subpopulations. Changes in cell surface extravasation, skin homing, activation and proliferation markers after VZV infection of MAIT cells was also assessed via flow cytometry. Finally the capacity of MAIT cells to transfer infectious virus was tested through an infectious center assay and imaged via fluorescence microscopy.ResultsWe identify primary blood-derived MAIT cells as being permissive to VZV infection. A consequence of VZV infection of MAIT cells was their capacity to transfer infectious virus to other permissive cells, consistent with MAIT cells supporting productive infection. When subgrouping MAIT cells by their co- expression of a variety cell surface markers, there was a higher proportion of VZV infected MAIT cells co-expressing CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ MAIT cells compared to the more phenotypically dominant CD8+ MAIT cells, whereas infection was not associated with differences in co-expression of CD56 (MAIT cell subset with enhanced responsiveness to innate cytokine stimulation), CD27 (co-stimulatory) or PD-1 (immune checkpoint). Infected MAIT cells retained high expression of CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CLA and CCR4, indicating a potentially intact capacity for transendothelial migration, extravasation and trafficking to skin sites. Infected MAIT cells also displayed increased expression of CD69 (early activation) and CD71 (proliferation) markers.DiscussionThese data identify MAIT cells as being permissive to VZV infection and identify impacts of such infection on co- expressed functional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam K. Purohit
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Allison Abendroth, ; Barry Slobedman,
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Allison Abendroth, ; Barry Slobedman,
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5
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Jabeen MF, Hinks TSC. MAIT cells and the microbiome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127588. [PMID: 36911683 PMCID: PMC9995591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes, strikingly enriched at mucosal surfaces and characterized by a semi-invariant αβ T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial derived intermediates of riboflavin synthesis presented by the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. At barrier sites MAIT cells occupy a prime position for interaction with commensal microorganisms, comprising the microbiota. The microbiota is a rich source of riboflavin derived antigens required in early life to promote intra-thymic MAIT cell development and sustain a life-long population of tissue resident cells. A symbiotic relationship is thought to be maintained in health whereby microbes promote maturation and homeostasis, and in turn MAIT cells can engage a TCR-dependent "tissue repair" program in the presence of commensal organisms conducive to sustaining barrier function and integrity of the microbial community. MAIT cell activation can be induced in a MR1-TCR dependent manner or through MR1-TCR independent mechanisms via pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon. MAIT cells provide immunity against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. However, MAIT cells may have deleterious effects through insufficient or exacerbated effector activity and have been implicated in autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic conditions in which microbial dysbiosis is a shared feature. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the microbiota in the development and maintenance of circulating and tissue resident MAIT cells. We also explore how microbial dysbiosis, alongside changes in intestinal permeability and imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory components of the immune response are together involved in the potential pathogenicity of MAIT cells. Whilst there have been significant improvements in our understanding of how the microbiota shapes MAIT cell function, human data are relatively lacking, and it remains unknown if MAIT cells can conversely influence the composition of the microbiota. We speculate whether, in a human population, differences in microbiomes might account for the heterogeneity observed in MAIT cell frequency across mucosal sites or between individuals, and response to therapies targeting T cells. Moreover, we speculate whether manipulation of the microbiota, or harnessing MAIT cell ligands within the gut or disease-specific sites could offer novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisha F. Jabeen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. C. Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Parween F, Singh SP, Zhang HH, Kathuria N, Otaizo-Carrasquero FA, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lorenzi HA, Myers TG, Farber JM. Chemokine positioning determines mutually exclusive roles for their receptors in extravasation of pathogenic human T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525561. [PMID: 36789428 PMCID: PMC9928044 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory T cells co-express multiple chemokine receptors, but the distinct functions of individual receptors on these cells are largely unknown. Human Th17 cells uniformly express the chemokine receptor CCR6, and we discovered that the subgroup of CD4+CCR6+ cells that co-express CCR2 possess a pathogenic Th17 signature, can produce inflammatory cytokines independent of TCR activation, and are unusually efficient at transendothelial migration (TEM). The ligand for CCR6, CCL20, was capable of binding to activated endothelial cells (ECs) and inducing firm arrest of CCR6+CCR2+ cells under conditions of flow - but CCR6 could not mediate TEM. By contrast, CCL2 and other ligands for CCR2, despite being secreted from both luminal and basal sides of ECs, failed to bind to the EC surfaces - and CCR2 could not mediate arrest. Nonetheless, CCR2 was required for TEM. To understand if CCR2's inability to mediate arrest was due solely to an absence of EC-bound ligands, we generated a CCL2-CXCL9 chimeric chemokine that could bind to the EC surface. Although display of CCL2 on the ECs did indeed lead to CCR2-mediated arrest of CCR6+CCR2+ cells, activating CCR2 with surface-bound CCL2 blocked TEM. We conclude that mediating arrest and TEM are mutually exclusive activities of chemokine receptors and/or their ligands that depend, respectively, on chemokines that bind to the EC luminal surfaces versus non-binding chemokines that form transendothelial gradients under conditions of flow. Our findings provide fundamental insights into mechanisms of lymphocyte extravasation and may lead to novel strategies to block or enhance their migration into tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Parween
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Nausheen Kathuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Francisco A. Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Amirhossein Shamsaddini
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul J. Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Research Technologies Branch, Biological Imaging, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technologies Branch, Biological Imaging, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Hernan A. Lorenzi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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7
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Meermeier EW, Zheng CL, Tran JG, Soma S, Worley AH, Weiss DI, Modlin RL, Swarbrick G, Karamooz E, Khuzwayo S, Wong EB, Gold MC, Lewinsohn DM. Human lung-resident mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant, express antimicrobial proteins, and are cytokine responsive. Commun Biol 2022; 5:942. [PMID: 36085311 PMCID: PMC9463188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset that recognize a broad array of microbial pathogens, including respiratory pathogens. Here we investigate the transcriptional profile of MAIT cells localized to the human lung, and postulate that MAIT cells may play a role in maintaining homeostasis at this mucosal barrier. Using the MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer, we identified MAIT cells and non-MAIT CD8+ T cells in lung tissue not suitable for transplant from human donors. We used RNA-sequencing of MAIT cells compared to non-MAIT CD8+ T cells to define the transcriptome of MAIT cells in the human lung. We show that, as a population, lung MAIT cells are polycytotoxic, secrete the directly antimicrobial molecule IL-26, express genes associated with persistence, and selectively express cytokine and chemokine- related molecules distinct from other lung-resident CD8+ T cells, such as interferon-γ- and IL-12- receptors. These data highlight MAIT cells' predisposition to rapid pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and antimicrobial mechanisms in human lung tissue, concordant with findings of blood-derived counterparts, and support a function for MAIT cells as early sensors in the defense of respiratory barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica G Tran
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shogo Soma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aneta H Worley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David I Weiss
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elham Karamooz
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sharon Khuzwayo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle C Gold
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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8
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Mehta H, Lett MJ, Klenerman P, Filipowicz Sinnreich M. MAIT cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:429-444. [PMID: 35641678 PMCID: PMC9256577 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells or MAIT cells are an abundant cell type in humans and especially so in the liver. MAIT cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that sit at a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, so-called innate-like or "unconventional" T cells. The specificity of their antigen receptor (T cell receptor or TCR) is for the conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related molecule MR1, which presents a modified bacterial metabolite from the vitamin B2 biosynthesis pathway - this allows them to respond in the presence of many bacteria or yeast. MAIT cells also possess an array of cytokine receptors, which allows triggering independently of the TCR. The combination of such signals drives their functionality - this means they can respond to a range of stimuli and likely play a role not only in infection or inflammation, but also under homeostatic conditions.In this review, we will look at the question of what MAIT cells are doing in the normal liver and how they behave in the setting of disease. These questions are of relevance because MAIT cells are such a distinctive cell type enriched in the liver under normal conditions, and their modulation could be of therapeutic benefit. The recent discovery that they appear to be involved in liver fibrosis is particularly of interest in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Mehta
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Martin Joseph Lett
- Liver Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Magdalena Filipowicz Sinnreich
- Liver Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Basel University Medical Clinic, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
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9
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McMurray JL, von Borstel A, Taher TE, Syrimi E, Taylor GS, Sharif M, Rossjohn J, Remmerswaal EBM, Bemelman FJ, Vieira Braga FA, Chen X, Teichmann SA, Mohammed F, Berry AA, Lyke KE, Williamson KC, Stubbington MJT, Davey MS, Willcox CR, Willcox BE. Transcriptional profiling of human Vδ1 T cells reveals a pathogen-driven adaptive differentiation program. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110858. [PMID: 35613583 PMCID: PMC9533230 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are generally considered innate-like lymphocytes, however, an ‘‘adaptive-like’’ γδ compartment has now emerged. To understand transcriptional regulation of adaptive γδ T cell immunobiology, we combined single-cell transcriptomics, T cell receptor (TCR)-clonotype assignment, ATAC-seq, and immunophenotyping. We show that adult Vδ1+ T cells segregate into TCF7+LEF1+Granzyme Bneg (Tnaive) or T-bet+Eomes+ BLIMP-1+Granzyme B+ (Teffector) transcriptional subtypes, with clonotypically expanded TCRs detected exclusively in Teffector cells. Transcriptional reprogramming mirrors changes within CD8+ αβ T cells following antigen-specific maturation and involves chromatin remodeling, enhancing cytokine production and cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, in vitro TCR engagement induces comparable BLIMP-1, Eomes, and T-bet expression in naive Vδ1+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, both human cytomegalovirus and Plasmodium falciparum infection in vivo drive adaptive Vδ1 T cell differentiation from Tnaive to Teffector transcriptional status, alongside clonotypic expansion. Contrastingly, semi-invariant Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells exhibit a distinct ‘‘innate-effector’’ transcriptional program established by early childhood. In summary, adaptive-like γδ subsets undergo a pathogen-driven differentiation process analogous to conventional CD8+ T cells. Using single-cell transcriptomics, TCR repertoire analysis, ATAC-seq, and immunophenotyping, McMurray et al. show naive Vδ1+ T cells can undergo transcriptional reprogramming to an effector state extremely similar to CD8 TEMRA cells. Infections, including CMV and malaria, drive both clonotypic Vδ1+ T cell expansion and differentiation to this highly conserved effector program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L McMurray
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Taher E Taher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eleni Syrimi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Sharif
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xi Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim C Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Martin S Davey
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Ascension AM, Arauzo-Bravo MJ. BigMPI4py: Python Module for Parallelization of Big Data Objects Discloses Germ Layer Specific DNA Demethylation Motifs. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:1507-1522. [PMID: 33301409 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3043979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parallelization in Python integrates Message Passing Interface via the mpi4py module. Since mpi4py does not support parallelization of objects greater than 231 bytes, we developed BigMPI4py, a Python module that wraps mpi4py, supporting object sizes beyond this boundary. BigMPI4py automatically determines the optimal object distribution strategy, and uses vectorized methods, achieving higher parallelization efficiency. BigMPI4py facilitates the implementation of Python for Big Data applications in multicore workstations and High Performance Computer systems. We use BigMPI4py to speed-up the search for germ line specific de novo DNA methylated/unmethylated motifs from the 59 whole genome bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation samples from 27 human tissues of the ENCODE project. We developed a parallel implementation of the Kruskall-Wallis test to find CpGs with differential methylation across germ layers. The parallel evaluation of the significance of 55 million CpG achieved a 22x speedup with 25 cores allowing us an efficient identification of a set of hypermethylated genes in ectoderm and mesoderm-related tissues, and another set in endoderm-related tissues and finally, the discovery of germ layer specific DNA demethylation motifs. Our results point out that DNA methylation signal provide a higher degree of information for the demethylated state than for the methylated state. BigMPI4py is available at https://https://www.arauzolab.org/tools/bigmpi4py and https://gitlab.com/alexmascension/bigmpi4py and the Jupyter Notebook with WGBS analysis at https://gitlab.com/alexmascension/wgbs-analysis.
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11
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Li L, Kamal MA, Stumpf BH, Thibaudau F, Sengupta K, Smith AS. Biomechanics as driver of aggregation of tethers in adherent membranes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10101-10107. [PMID: 34723306 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is an important cellular process and is mediated by adhesion proteins residing on the cell membrane. Sometimes, two types of linker proteins are involved in adhesion, and they can segregate to form domains through a poorly understood size-exclusion process. We present an experimental and theoretical study of adhesion via linkers of two different sizes, realised in a mimetic model-system, based on giant unilamellar vesicles interacting with supported lipid bilayers. Here, adhesion is mediated by DNA linkers with two different lengths, but with the same binding enthalpy. We study the organisation of these linkers into domains as a function of relative fraction of long and short DNA constructs. Experimentally, we find that, irrespective of the composition, the adhesion domains are uniform with coexisting DNA bridge types, despite their relative difference in length of 9 nm. However, simulations suggest formation of nanodomains of the minority fraction at short length scales, which is below the optical resolution of the microscope. The nano-aggregation is more significant for long bridges, which are also more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- PULS Group, Institut for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Mohammad Arif Kamal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Bernd Henning Stumpf
- PULS Group, Institut for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
| | - Franck Thibaudau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institut for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Non-Tumor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Delta Potentiates Tumor Cell Extravasation and Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis Formation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081079. [PMID: 34439745 PMCID: PMC8391339 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ) is a transcription factor involved in apoptosis and proliferation, which is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Loss of nuclear C/EBPδ in PDAC cells is associated with decreased patient survival and pro-tumorigenic properties in vitro. Interestingly however, next to C/EBPδ expression in tumor cells, C/EBPδ is also expressed by cells constituting the tumor microenvironment and by cells comprising the organs and parenchyma. However, the functional relevance of systemic C/EBPδ in carcinogenesis remains elusive. Here, we consequently assessed the potential importance of C/EBPδ in somatic tissues by utilizing an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. In doing so, we show that genetic ablation of C/EBPδ does not significantly affect primary tumor growth but has a strong impact on metastases; wildtype mice developed metastases at multiple sites, whilst this was not the case in C/EBPδ-/- mice. In line with reduced metastasis formation in C/EBPδ-/- mice, C/EBPδ-deficiency also limited tumor cell dissemination in a specific extravasation model. Tumor cell extravasation was dependent on the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) as a PAFR antagonist inhibited tumor cell extravasation in wildtype mice but not in C/EBPδ-/- mice. Overall, we show that systemic C/EBPδ facilitates pancreatic cancer metastasis, and we suggest this is due to C/EBPδ-PAFR-dependent tumor cell extravasation.
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13
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Legoux F, Salou M, Lantz O. MAIT Cell Development and Functions: the Microbial Connection. Immunity 2021; 53:710-723. [PMID: 33053329 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an evolutionarily conserved T cell subset, which reacts to most bacteria through T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of metabolites derived from the vitamin B2 biosynthetic pathway. Microbiota-derived signals affect all stages of MAIT cell biology including intra-thymic development, peripheral expansion, and functions in specific organs. In tissues, MAIT cells can integrate multiple signals and display effector functions involved in the defense against infectious pathogens. In addition to anti-bacterial activity, MAIT cells improve wound healing in the skin, suggesting a role in epithelium homeostasis through bi-directional interactions with the local microbiota. In humans, blood MAIT cell frequency is modified during several auto-immune diseases, which are often associated with microbiota dysbiosis, further emphasizing the potential interplay of MAIT cells with the microbiota. Here, we will review how microbes interact with MAIT cells, from initial intra-thymic development to tissue colonization and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Legoux
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marion Salou
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France; Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France; Centre d'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Paris, 75005, France.
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14
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Lamichhane R, Munro F, Harrop TWR, de la Harpe SM, Dearden PK, Vernall AJ, McCall JL, Ussher JE. Human liver-derived MAIT cells differ from blood MAIT cells in their metabolism and response to TCR-independent activation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:879-892. [PMID: 33368232 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are anti-microbial innate-like T cells that are abundant in blood and liver. MAIT cells express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes a pyrimidine ligand, derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis, bound to MR1. Both blood and liver derived (ld)-MAIT cells can be robustly stimulated via TCR or by cytokines produced during bacterial or viral infection. In this study, we compared the functional and transcriptomic response of human blood and ld-MAIT cells to TCR signals (Escherichia coli or the pyrimidine ligand) and cytokines (IL-12 + IL-18). While the response of blood and ld-MAIT cells to TCR signals were comparable, following cytokine stimulation ld-MAIT cells were more polyfunctional than blood MAIT cells. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated different effector programmes of ld-MAIT cells with the two modes of activation, including the enrichment of a tissue repair signature in TCR-stimulated MAIT cells. Interestingly, we observed enhancement of IL-12 signaling and fatty acid metabolism in untreated ld-MAIT cells compared with blood MAIT cells. Additionally, MAIT cells from blood and liver were modulated similarly by TCR and cytokine signals. Therefore, we report that blood and ld-MAIT cells are fundamentally different but undergo conserved changes following activation via TCR or by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Lamichhane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Fran Munro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Thomas W R Harrop
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Andrea J Vernall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - John L McCall
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.,Southern Community Laboratories, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
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15
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A Flow Chamber Assay for Studying MAIT Cell Trafficking. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 31792823 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0207-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Human MAIT cells show little expression of the selectin CD62L and the chemokine receptor CCR7, which are important for entering lymph nodes, and high expression of selectin ligands and chemokine receptors that mediate trafficking into inflamed tissue. Extravasation of leukocytes into tissue requires sequential steps including rolling, firm arrest, crawling, and transendothelial migration, and can be modeled using endothelial cell monolayers in flow chambers that approximate the sheer stress found in post-capillary venules. Using MAIT cells purified from elutriated lymphocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we have used flow chambers to demonstrate roles for individual chemokine receptors in specific steps required for extravasation. These methods provide a general way to study the molecular mechanisms underlying MAIT cell trafficking from blood into tissue.
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16
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Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been attracting increasing attention over the last few years as a potent unconventional T cell subset. Three factors largely account for this emerging interest. Firstly, these cells are abundant in humans, both in circulation and especially in some tissues such as the liver. Secondly is the discovery of a ligand that has uncovered their microbial targets, and also allowed for the development of tools to accurately track the cells in both humans and mice. Finally, it appears that the cells not only have a diverse range of functions but also are sensitive to a range of inflammatory triggers that can enhance or even bypass T cell receptor–mediated signals—substantially broadening their likely impact in health and disease. In this review we discuss how MAIT cells display antimicrobial, homeostatic, and amplifier roles in vivo, and how this may lead to protection and potentially pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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17
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Schneider M, Hannaway RF, Lamichhane R, de la Harpe SM, Tyndall JDA, Vernall AJ, Kettle AJ, Ussher JE. Neutrophils suppress mucosal-associated invariant T cells in humans. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:643-655. [PMID: 31944287 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that are abundant in mucosal tissues and the liver where they can respond rapidly to a broad range of riboflavin producing bacterial and fungal pathogens. Neutrophils, which are recruited early to sites of infection, play a nonredundant role in pathogen clearance and are crucial for controlling infection. The interaction of these two cell types is poorly studied. Here, we investigated both the effect of neutrophils on MAIT cell activation and the effect of activated MAIT cells on neutrophils. We show that neutrophils suppress the activation of MAIT cells by a cell-contact and hydrogen peroxide dependent mechanism. Moreover, highly activated MAIT cells were able to produce high levels of TNF-α that induced neutrophil death. We therefore provide evidence for a negative regulatory feedback mechanism in which neutrophils prevent overactivation of MAIT cells and, in turn, MAIT cells limit neutrophil survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel F Hannaway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Lamichhane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James E Ussher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Koay HF, Su S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Daley SR, Comerford I, Miosge L, Whyte CE, Konstantinov IE, d'Udekem Y, Baldwin T, Hickey PF, Berzins SP, Mak JYW, Sontani Y, Roots CM, Sidwell T, Kallies A, Chen Z, Nüssing S, Kedzierska K, Mackay LK, McColl SR, Deenick EK, Fairlie DP, McCluskey J, Goodnow CC, Ritchie ME, Belz GT, Naik SH, Pellicci DG, Godfrey DI. A divergent transcriptional landscape underpins the development and functional branching of MAIT cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaay6039. [PMID: 31757835 PMCID: PMC10627559 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play a unique role in the immune system. These cells develop intrathymically through a three-stage process, but the events that regulate this are largely unknown. Here, using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis in mice and humans, we studied the changing transcriptional landscape that accompanies transition through each stage. Many transcripts were sharply modulated during MAIT cell development, including SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) family members, chemokine receptors, and transcription factors. We also demonstrate that stage 3 "mature" MAIT cells comprise distinct subpopulations including newly arrived transitional stage 3 cells, interferon-γ-producing MAIT1 cells and interleukin-17-producing MAIT17 cells. Moreover, the validity and importance of several transcripts detected in this study are directly demonstrated using specific mutant mice. For example, MAIT cell intrathymic maturation was found to be halted in SLAM-associated protein (SAP)-deficient and CXCR6-deficient mouse models, providing clear evidence for their role in modulating MAIT cell development. These data underpin a model that maps the changing transcriptional landscape and identifies key factors that regulate the process of MAIT cell differentiation, with many parallels between mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-F Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S Su
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - D Amann-Zalcenstein
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S R Daley
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - I Comerford
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - L Miosge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - C E Whyte
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - I E Konstantinov
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Y d'Udekem
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - T Baldwin
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P F Hickey
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - J Y W Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Y Sontani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - C M Roots
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - T Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - A Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S Nüssing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - K Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - L K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - D P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - J McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - C C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - M E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G T Belz
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S H Naik
- Single Cell Open Research Endeavour (SCORE), Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - D I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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19
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Godfrey DI, Koay HF, McCluskey J, Gherardin NA. The biology and functional importance of MAIT cells. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1110-1128. [PMID: 31406380 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a population of unconventional T cells called 'mucosal-associated invariant T cells' (MAIT cells) has captured the attention of immunologists and clinicians due to their abundance in humans, their involvement in a broad range of infectious and non-infectious diseases and their unusual specificity for microbial riboflavin-derivative antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein MR1. MAIT cells use a limited T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire with public antigen specificities that are conserved across species. They can be activated by TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms and exhibit rapid, innate-like effector responses. Here we review evidence showing that MAIT cells are a key component of the immune system and discuss their basic biology, development, role in disease and immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Differences in the molecular signatures of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and conventional T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7094. [PMID: 31068647 PMCID: PMC6506535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exhibit different characteristics from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells. They play important roles in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. MAIT cells express a single T cell receptor alpha chain, TCRα7.2 segment associated with Jα33 and CDR3 with fixed length, which recognizes bacteria-derived vitamin B metabolites. However, the characteristics of MAIT cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells have never been compared. Here, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the properties of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. Genome-wide transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells, and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells were compared and analyzed using causal network analysis. This is the first report comparing the transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. We also identified the predominant signaling pathways of MAIT cells, which differed from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells, through a gene set enrichment test and upstream regulator analysis and identified the genes responsible for the characteristic MAIT cell phenotypes. Our study advances the complete understanding of MAIT biology.
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21
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Sundström P, Szeponik L, Ahlmanner F, Sundquist M, Wong JSB, Lindskog EB, Gustafsson B, Quiding-Järbrink M. Tumor-infiltrating mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells retain expression of cytotoxic effector molecules. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2810-2823. [PMID: 31073372 PMCID: PMC6497460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells all express a semi-invariable T cell receptor recognizing microbial metabolites presented on the MHC class I-like molecule MR1. Upon activation, they rapidly secrete cytokines and increase their cytotoxic potential. We showed recently that MAIT cells with Th1 phenotype accumulate in human colon adenocarcinomas. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of tumor-infiltrating MAIT cells in colon adenocarcinomas, and to what extent it may be affected by the tumor microenvironment. Activation of MAIT cells from tumors induced increased Granzyme B, and to a lesser extent, perforin expression. Degranulation was assessed by surface expression of CD107a, and was also seen in response to cognate antigen recognition. The cytotoxic potential of tumor-associated MAIT cells was very similar to that of MAIT cells from unaffected colon. MAIT cells were also identified by immunofluorescence in direct contact with tumor cells in sections from colon cancer specimens. To summarize, tumor-associated MAIT cells from colon tumors have strong cytotoxic potential and are not compromised in this regard compared to MAIT cells from the unaffected colon. We conclude that MAIT cells may contribute significantly to the protective immune response to tumors, both by secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and by direct killing of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Filip Ahlmanner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Malin Sundquist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Justin S B Wong
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore and Department of Microbiology, National, University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elinor Bexe Lindskog
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustafsson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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22
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Salou M, Legoux F, Gilet J, Darbois A, du Halgouet A, Alonso R, Richer W, Goubet AG, Daviaud C, Menger L, Procopio E, Premel V, Lantz O. A common transcriptomic program acquired in the thymus defines tissue residency of MAIT and NKT subsets. J Exp Med 2018; 216:133-151. [PMID: 30518599 PMCID: PMC6314520 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Salou et al. wondered what could differentiate MAIT and NKT cells, if not for TCR specificity. Once split according to RORγt and T-bet–expressing subsets, MAIT and NKT share almost identical transcriptional programs acquired in the thymus, which result in specific tissue residency patterns. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant T cells with unique specificity for microbial metabolites. MAIT conservation along evolution indicates important functions, but their low frequency in mice has hampered their detailed characterization. Here, we performed the first transcriptomic analysis of murine MAIT cells. MAIT1 (RORγtneg) and MAIT17 (RORγt+) subsets were markedly distinct from mainstream T cells, but quasi-identical to NKT1 and NKT17 subsets. The expression of similar programs was further supported by strong correlations of MAIT and NKT frequencies in various organs. In both mice and humans, MAIT subsets expressed gene signatures associated with tissue residency. Accordingly, parabiosis experiments demonstrated that MAIT and NKT cells are resident in the spleen, liver, and lungs, with LFA1/ICAM1 interactions controlling MAIT1 and NKT1 retention in spleen and liver. The transcriptional program associated with tissue residency was already expressed in thymus, as confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments. Altogether, shared thymic differentiation processes generate “preset” NKT and MAIT subsets with defined effector functions, associated with specific positioning into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Salou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Legoux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jules Gilet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia du Halgouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ruby Alonso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurie Menger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Procopio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Premel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France .,Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428) Institut Curie, Paris, France
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