1
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Matuskova H, Porschen LT, Matthes F, Lindgren AG, Petzold GC, Meissner A. Spatiotemporal sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 expression within the cerebral vasculature after ischemic stroke. iScience 2024; 27:110031. [PMID: 38868192 PMCID: PMC11167442 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are promising therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease, including ischemic stroke. However, important spatiotemporal information for alterations of S1PR expression is lacking. Here, we investigated the role of S1PR3 in ischemic stroke in rodent models and patient samples. We show that S1PR3 is acutely upregulated in perilesional reactive astrocytes after stroke, and that stroke volume and behavioral deficits are improved in mice lacking S1PR3. Further, we find that administration of an S1PR3 antagonist at 4-h post-stroke, but not at later timepoints, improves stroke outcome. Lastly, we observed higher plasma S1PR3 concentrations in experimental stroke and in patients with ischemic stroke. Together, our results establish S1PR3 as a potential drug target and biomarker in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Matuskova
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Vascular Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa T. Porschen
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Frank Matthes
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Arne G. Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabor C. Petzold
- Division of Vascular Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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2
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Ritson M, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Stolp HB. Endothelial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease: Is endothelial inflammation an overlooked druggable target? J Neuroimmunol 2024; 391:578363. [PMID: 38728929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases with a neurodegenerative component have been associated with alterations in the cerebrovasculature. At the anatomical level, these are centred around changes in cerebral blood flow and vessel organisation. At the molecular level, there is extensive expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Together, these has been found to negatively impact blood-brain barrier integrity. Systemic inflammation has been found to accelerate and exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and degeneration. Here, we review the role of cerebrovasculature dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease and discuss the potential contribution of intermittent pro-inflammatory systemic disease in causing endothelial pathology, highlighting a possible mechanism that may allow broad-spectrum therapeutic targeting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ritson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | | | - Helen B Stolp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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3
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Akhter MZ, Yazbeck P, Tauseef M, Anwar M, Hossen F, Datta S, Vellingiri V, Chandra Joshi J, Toth PT, Srivastava N, Lenzini S, Zhou G, Lee J, Jain MK, Shin JW, Mehta D. FAK regulates tension transmission to the nucleus and endothelial transcriptome independent of kinase activity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114297. [PMID: 38824643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment generated through the adhesive interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with the matrix controls nuclear tension, preventing aberrant gene synthesis and the transition from restrictive to leaky endothelium, a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanisms controlling tension transmission to the nucleus and EC-restrictive fate remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that, in a kinase-independent manner, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) safeguards tension transmission to the nucleus to maintain EC-restrictive fate. In FAK-depleted ECs, robust activation of the RhoA-Rho-kinase pathway increased EC tension and phosphorylation of the nuclear envelope protein, emerin, activating DNMT3a. Activated DNMT3a methylates the KLF2 promoter, impairing the synthesis of KLF2 and its target S1PR1 to induce the leaky EC transcriptome. Repleting FAK (wild type or kinase dead) or inhibiting RhoA-emerin-DNMT3a activities in damaged lung ECs restored KLF2 transcription of the restrictive EC transcriptome. Thus, FAK sensing and control of tension transmission to the nucleus govern restrictive endothelium to maintain lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahid Akhter
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pascal Yazbeck
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Faruk Hossen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sayanti Datta
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vigneshwaran Vellingiri
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jagdish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA; Research Resources Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Millar JK, Salmon M, Nasser E, Malik S, Kolli P, Lu G, Pinteaux E, Hawkins RB, Ailawadi G. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition in the interleukin-1 pathway during aortic aneurysm formation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:e146-e158. [PMID: 37951532 PMCID: PMC11029391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial to mesenchymal transition may represent a key link between inflammatory stress and endothelial dysfunction seen in aortic aneurysm disease. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is regulated by interleukin-1β, and previous work has demonstrated an essential role of interleukin-1 signaling in experimental aortic aneurysm models. We hypothesize that endothelial to mesenchymal transition is present in murine aortic aneurysms, and loss of interleukin-1 signaling attenuates this process. METHODS Murine aortic aneurysms were created in novel CDH5-Cre lineage tracking mice by treating the intact aorta with peri-adventitial elastase. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factors as well as endothelial and mesenchymal cell markers were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (n = 10/group). To determine the role of interleukin-1 signaling, endothelial-specific interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout and wild-type mice (n = 10/group) were treated with elastase. Additionally, C57/BL6 mice were treated with the interleukin-1 receptor 1 antagonist Anakinra (n = 7) or vehicle (n = 8). RESULTS Elastase treatment yielded greater aortic dilation compared with controls (elastase 97.0% ± 34.0%; control 5.3% ± 4.8%; P < .001). Genetic deletion of interleukin-1 receptor 1 attenuated aortic dilation (control 126.7% ± 38.7%; interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout 35.2% ± 14.7%; P < .001), as did pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor 1 with Anakinra (vehicle 146.3% ± 30.1%; Anakinra 63.5% ± 23.3%; P < .001). Elastase treatment resulted in upregulation of endothelial to mesenchymal transition transcription factors (Snail, Slug, Twist, ZNF) and mesenchymal cell markers (S100, alpha smooth muscle actin) and loss of endothelial cell markers (vascular endothelial cadherin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, von Willebrand factor). These changes were attenuated by interleukin-1 receptor 1 knockout and Anakinra treatment. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial to mesenchymal transition occurs in aortic aneurysm disease and is attenuated by loss of interleukin-1 signaling. Endothelial dysfunction through endothelial to mesenchymal transition represents a new and novel pathway in understanding aortic aneurysm disease and may be a potential target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Millar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | | | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Hawkins
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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Pearson AC, Shrestha K, Curry TE, Duffy DM. Neurotensin modulates ovarian vascular permeability via adherens junctions. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23602. [PMID: 38581236 PMCID: PMC11034770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302652rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13-amino acid peptide which is highly expressed in the mammalian ovary in response to the luteinizing hormone surge. Antibody neutralization of NTS in the ovulatory follicle of the cynomolgus macaque impairs ovulation and induces follicular vascular dysregulation, with excessive pooling of red blood cells in the follicle antrum. We hypothesize that NTS is an essential intrafollicular regulator of vascular permeability. In the present study, follicle injection of the NTS receptor antagonist SR142948 also resulted in vascular dysregulation. To measure vascular permeability changes in vitro, primary macaque ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from follicle aspirates and studied in vitro. When treated with NTS, permeability of mOMECs decreased. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of mOMECs revealed high mRNA expression of the permeability-regulating adherens junction proteins N-cadherin (CDH2) and K-cadherin (CDH6). Immunofluorescent detection of CDH2 and CDH6 confirmed expression and localized these cadherins to the cell-cell boundaries, consistent with function as components of adherens junctions. mOMECs did not express detectable levels of the typical vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin (CDH5) as determined by RNA-Seq, qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Knockdown of CDH2 or CDH6 via siRNA abrogated the NTS effect on mOMEC permeability. Collectively, these data suggest that NTS plays an ovulation-critical role in vascular permeability maintenance, and that CDH2 and CDH6 are involved in the permeability modulating effect of NTS on the ovarian microvasculature. NTS can be added to a growing number of angiogenic regulators which are critical for successful ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA, 23507
| | - Ketan Shrestha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 40536
| | - Thomas E. Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 40536
| | - Diane M. Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA, 23507
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6
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Zhang L, Wu X, Hong L. Endothelial Reprogramming in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:325. [PMID: 38671747 PMCID: PMC11048243 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a severe vascular disease that results in millions of cases of mortality each year. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with vascular structural lesions, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, lipids, and an extracellular matrix at the intimal resulting in the formation of an atheromatous plaque. AS involves complex interactions among various cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of AS. Endothelial dysfunction can encompass a constellation of various non-adaptive dynamic alterations of biology and function, termed "endothelial reprogramming". This phenomenon involves transitioning from a quiescent, anti-inflammatory state to a pro-inflammatory and proatherogenic state and alterations in endothelial cell identity, such as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition (EndIT). Targeting these processes to restore endothelial balance and prevent cell identity shifts, alongside modulating epigenetic factors, can attenuate atherosclerosis progression. In the present review, we discuss the role of endothelial cells in AS and summarize studies in endothelial reprogramming associated with the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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7
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Brash JT, Diez-Pinel G, Colletto C, Castellan RF, Fantin A, Ruhrberg C. The BulkECexplorer compiles endothelial bulk transcriptomes to predict functional versus leaky transcription. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:460-473. [PMID: 38708406 PMCID: PMC7615926 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptomic data can be mined to understand the molecular activity of cell types. Yet, functional genes may remain undetected in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments for technical reasons, such as insufficient read depth or gene dropout. Conversely, RNA-seq experiments may detect lowly expressed mRNAs thought to be biologically irrelevant products of leaky transcription. To represent a cell type's functional transcriptome more accurately, we propose compiling many bulk RNA-seq datasets into a compendium and applying established classification models to predict whether detected transcripts are likely products of active or leaky transcription. Here, we present the BulkECexplorer (bulk RNA-seq endothelial cell explorer) compendium of 240 bulk RNA-seq datasets from five vascular endothelial cell subtypes. This resource reports transcript counts for genes of interest and predicts whether detected transcripts are likely the products of active or leaky gene expression. Beyond its usefulness for vascular biology research, this resource provides a blueprint for developing analogous tools for other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brash
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chiara Colletto
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Fantin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Lin A, Ramaswamy Y, Misra A. Developmental heterogeneity of vascular cells: Insights into cellular plasticity in atherosclerosis? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-15. [PMID: 37316416 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages display remarkable heterogeneity within the healthy vasculature and under pathological conditions. During development, these cells arise from numerous embryological origins, which confound with different microenvironments to generate postnatal vascular cell diversity. In the atherosclerotic plaque milieu, all these cell types exhibit astonishing plasticity, generating a variety of plaque burdening or plaque stabilizing phenotypes. And yet how developmental origin influences intraplaque cell plasticity remains largely unexplored despite evidence suggesting this may be the case. Uncovering the diversity and plasticity of vascular cells is being revolutionized by unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques that will likely continue to pave the way for therapeutic research. Cellular plasticity is only just emerging as a target for future therapeutics, and uncovering how intraplaque plasticity differs across vascular beds may provide key insights into why different plaques behave differently and may confer different risks of subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Shin YJ, Lee JH. Exploring the Molecular and Developmental Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Differentiation. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:15-29. [PMID: 37879853 PMCID: PMC10899884 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor-specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Perez CM, Gong Z, Yoo C, Roy D, Deoraj A, Felty Q. Inhibitor of DNA Binding Protein 3 (ID3) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) Mediated Transcriptional Gene Signatures are Associated with the Severity of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:835-882. [PMID: 37668961 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy. We have previously shown that transcription regulating proteins- inhibitor of DNA binding protein 3 (ID3) and the nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) contribute to vascular dysregulation. In this study, we have identified sex specific ID3 and NRF1-mediated gene networks in CAA patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). High expression of ID3 mRNA coupled with low NRF1 mRNA levels was observed in the temporal cortex of men and women CAA patients. Low NRF1 mRNA expression in the temporal cortex was found in men with severe CAA. High ID3 expression was found in women with the genetic risk factor APOE4. Low NRF1 expression was also associated with APOE4 in women with CAA. Genome wide transcriptional activity of both ID3 and NRF1 paralleled their mRNA expression levels. Sex specific differences in transcriptional gene signatures of both ID3 and NRF1 were observed. These findings were further corroborated by Bayesian machine learning and the GeNIe simulation models. Dynamic machine learning using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) gene ordering approach revealed that ID3 was associated with disease severity in women. NRF1 was associated with CAA and severity of this disease in men. These findings suggest that aberrant ID3 and NRF1 activity presumably plays a major role in the pathogenesis and severity of CAA. Further analyses of ID3- and NRF1-regulated molecular drivers of CAA may provide new targets for personalized medicine and/or prevention strategies against CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Michael Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhenghua Gong
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Changwon Yoo
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alok Deoraj
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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11
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Chanez-Paredes SD, Abtahi S, Zha J, Li E, Marsischky G, Zuo L, Grey MJ, He W, Turner JR. Mechanisms underlying distinct subcellular localization and regulation of epithelial long myosin light-chain kinase splice variants. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105643. [PMID: 38199574 PMCID: PMC10862019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia express two long myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) splice variants, MLCK1 and MLCK2, which differ by the absence of a complete immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 3 within MLCK2. MLCK1 is preferentially associated with the perijunctional actomyosin ring at steady state, and this localization is enhanced by inflammatory stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we sought to identify MLCK1 domains that direct perijunctional MLCK1 localization and their relevance to disease. Ileal biopsies from Crohn's disease patients demonstrated preferential increases in MLCK1 expression and perijunctional localization relative to healthy controls. In contrast to MLCK1, MLCK2 expressed in intestinal epithelia is predominantly associated with basal stress fibers, and the two isoforms have distinct effects on epithelial migration and barrier regulation. MLCK1(Ig1-4) and MLCK1(Ig1-3), but not MLCK2(Ig1-4) or MLCK1(Ig3), directly bind to F-actin in vitro and direct perijunctional recruitment in intestinal epithelial cells. Further study showed that Ig1 is unnecessary, but that, like Ig3, the unstructured linker between Ig1 and Ig2 (Ig1/2us) is essential for recruitment. Despite being unable to bind F-actin or direct recruitment independently, Ig3 does have dominant negative functions that allow it to displace perijunctional MLCK1, increase steady-state barrier function, prevent TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment, and attenuate TNF-induced barrier loss. These data define the minimal domain required for MLCK1 localization and provide mechanistic insight into the MLCK1 recruitment process. Overall, the results create a foundation for development of molecularly targeted therapies that target key domains to prevent MLCK1 recruitment, restore barrier function, and limit inflammatory bowel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Enkai Li
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald Marsischky
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michael J Grey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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12
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Chai YC, To SK, Simorgh S, Zaunz S, Zhu Y, Ahuja K, Lemaitre A, Ramezankhani R, van der Veer BK, Wierda K, Verhulst S, van Grunsven LA, Pasque V, Verfaillie C. Spatially Self-Organized Three-Dimensional Neural Concentroid as a Novel Reductionist Humanized Model to Study Neurovascular Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304421. [PMID: 38037510 PMCID: PMC10837345 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived brain organoids have enabled researchers to gain insight into human brain development and disease, these organoids contain solely ectodermal cells and are not vascularized as occurs during brain development. Here it is created less complex and more homogenous large neural constructs starting from PSC-derived neuroprogenitor cells (NPC), by fusing small NPC spheroids into so-called concentroids. Such concentroids consisted of a pro-angiogenic core, containing neuronal and outer radial glia cells, surrounded by an astroglia-dense outer layer. Incorporating PSC-derived endothelial cells (EC) around and/or in the concentroids promoted vascularization, accompanied by differential outgrowth and differentiation of neuronal and astroglia cells, as well as the development of ectodermal-derived pericyte-like mural cells co-localizing with EC networks. Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed an enhanced neural cell subtype maturation and diversity in EC-containing concentroids, which better resemble the fetal human brain compared to classical organoids or NPC-only concentroids. This PSC-derived "vascularized" concentroid brain model will facilitate the study of neurovascular/blood-brain barrier development, neural cell migration, and the development of effective in vitro vascularization strategies of brain mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Chin Chai
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - San Kit To
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationLeuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Susan Simorgh
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Samantha Zaunz
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - YingLi Zhu
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Karan Ahuja
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Alix Lemaitre
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Roya Ramezankhani
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Bernard K. van der Veer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Developmental EpigeneticsDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expert UnitVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuven3000Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Research GroupVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Brussels1090Belgium
| | - Leo A. van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research GroupVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Brussels1090Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationLeuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU Leuven, O&N4, Herestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
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13
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Bronson R, Lyu J, Xiong J. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular signature and cell-type difference of Homo sapiens endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad243. [PMID: 37857450 PMCID: PMC10700110 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drives a growing number of human (Homo sapiens) pathological conditions. This emerging knowledge opens a path to discovering novel therapeutic targets for many EndoMT-associated disorders. Here, we constructed an atlas of the endothelial-cell transcriptome and demonstrated EndoMT-induced global changes in transcriptional gene expression. Our gene ontology analyses showed that EndoMT could be a specific checkpoint for leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion, and transendothelial migration. We also identified distinct gene expression signatures underlying EndoMT across arterial, venous, and microvascular endothelial cells. We performed protein-protein interaction network analyses, identifying a class of highly connected hub genes in endothelial cells from different vascular beds. Moreover, we found that the short-chain fatty acid acetate strongly inhibits the transcriptional program of EndoMT in endothelial cells from different vascular beds across tissues. Our results reveal the molecular signature and cell-type difference of EndoMT across distinct tissue- and vascular-bed-specific endothelial cells, providing a powerful discovery tool and resource value. These results suggest that therapeutically manipulating the endothelial transcriptome could treat an increasing number of EndoMT-associated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bronson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Junfang Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St.Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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14
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Yu M, Nie Y, Yang J, Yang S, Li R, Rao V, Hu X, Fang C, Li S, Song D, Guo F, Snyder MP, Chang HY, Kuo CJ, Xu J, Chang J. Integrative multi-omic profiling of adult mouse brain endothelial cells and potential implications in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113392. [PMID: 37925638 PMCID: PMC10843806 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily manifested by a variety of physiological properties of brain endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular foundation for these properties remains incompletely clear. Here, we generate a comprehensive molecular atlas of adult brain ECs using acutely purified mouse ECs and integrated multi-omics. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomics, we identify the transcripts and proteins selectively enriched in brain ECs and demonstrate that they are partially correlated. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we dissect the molecular basis of functional heterogeneity of brain ECs. Using integrative epigenomics and transcriptomics, we determine that TCF/LEF, SOX, and ETS families are top-ranked transcription factors regulating the BBB. We then validate the identified brain-EC-enriched proteins and transcription factors in normal mouse and human brain tissue and assess their expression changes in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Overall, we present a valuable resource with broad implications for regulation of the BBB and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yage Nie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilun Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Varsha Rao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengpan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Cleuren A, Molema G. Organotypic heterogeneity in microvascular endothelial cell responses in sepsis-a molecular treasure trove and pharmacological Gordian knot. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252021. [PMID: 38020105 PMCID: PMC10665520 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has become evident that endothelial cells (ECs) in the microvasculature play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Studies on how ECs orchestrate leukocyte recruitment, control microvascular integrity and permeability, and regulate the haemostatic balance have provided a wealth of knowledge and potential molecular targets that could be considered for pharmacological intervention in sepsis. Yet, this information has not been translated into effective treatments. As MODS affects specific vascular beds, (organotypic) endothelial heterogeneity may be an important contributing factor to this lack of success. On the other hand, given the involvement of ECs in sepsis, this heterogeneity could also be leveraged for therapeutic gain to target specific sites of the vasculature given its full accessibility to drugs. In this review, we describe current knowledge that defines heterogeneity of organ-specific microvascular ECs at the molecular level and elaborate on studies that have reported EC responses across organ systems in sepsis patients and animal models of sepsis. We discuss hypothesis-driven, single-molecule studies that have formed the basis of our understanding of endothelial cell engagement in sepsis pathophysiology, and include recent studies employing high-throughput technologies. The latter deliver comprehensive data sets to describe molecular signatures for organotypic ECs that could lead to new hypotheses and form the foundation for rational pharmacological intervention and biomarker panel development. Particularly results from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics studies are eagerly awaited as they are expected to unveil the full spatiotemporal signature of EC responses to sepsis. With increasing awareness of the existence of distinct sepsis subphenotypes, and the need to develop new drug regimen and companion diagnostics, a better understanding of the molecular pathways exploited by ECs in sepsis pathophysiology will be a cornerstone to halt the detrimental processes that lead to MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cleuren
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Chakraborty S, Singh A, Wang L, Wang X, Sanborn MA, Ye Z, Maienschein-Cline M, Mukhopadhyay A, Ganesh BB, Malik AB, Rehman J. Trained immunity of alveolar macrophages enhances injury resolution via KLF4-MERTK-mediated efferocytosis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221388. [PMID: 37615937 PMCID: PMC10450795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that training of innate immune cells such as tissue-resident macrophages by repeated noxious stimuli can heighten host defense responses. However, it remains unclear whether trained immunity of tissue-resident macrophages also enhances injury resolution to counterbalance the heightened inflammatory responses. Here, we studied lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) prechallenged with either the bacterial endotoxin or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and observed that these trained AMs showed greater resilience to pathogen-induced cell death. Transcriptomic analysis and functional assays showed greater capacity of trained AMs for efferocytosis of cellular debris and injury resolution. Single-cell high-dimensional mass cytometry analysis and lineage tracing demonstrated that training induces an expansion of a MERTKhiMarcohiCD163+F4/80low lung-resident AM subset with a proresolving phenotype. Reprogrammed AMs upregulated expression of the efferocytosis receptor MERTK mediated by the transcription factor KLF4. Adoptive transfer of these trained AMs restricted inflammatory lung injury in recipient mice exposed to lethal P. aeruginosa. Thus, our study has identified a subset of tissue-resident trained macrophages that prevent hyperinflammation and restore tissue homeostasis following repeated pathogen challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhalaxmi Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinge Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A. Sanborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zijing Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Balaji B. Ganesh
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asrar B. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Randi AM, Jones D, Peghaire C, Arachchillage DJ. Mechanisms regulating heterogeneity of hemostatic gene expression in endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3056-3066. [PMID: 37393001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The hemostatic system involves an array of circulating coagulation factors that work in concert with platelets and the vascular endothelium to promote clotting in a space- and time-defined manner. Despite equal systemic exposure to circulating factors, bleeding and thrombotic diseases tend to prefer specific sites, suggesting an important role for local factors. This may be provided by endothelial heterogeneity. Endothelial cells differ not only between arteries, veins, and capillaries but also between microvascular beds from different organs, which present unique organotypic morphology and functional and molecular profiles. Accordingly, regulators of hemostasis are not uniformly distributed in the vasculature. The establishment and maintenance of endothelial diversity are orchestrated at the transcriptional level. Recent transcriptomic and epigenomic studies have provided a global picture of endothelial cell heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the organotypic differences in the hemostatic profile of endothelial cells; we focus on 2 major endothelial regulators of hemostasis, namely von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin, to provide examples of transcriptional mechanisms that control heterogeneity; finally, we consider some of the methodological challenges and opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Daisy Jones
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Peghaire
- University of Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche-1034 INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Deepa J Arachchillage
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. https://twitter.com/DeepaArachchil1
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18
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Lee Q, Chan WC, Qu X, Sun Y, Abdelkarim H, Le J, Saqib U, Sun MY, Kruse K, Banerjee A, Hitchinson B, Geyer M, Huang F, Guaiquil V, Mutso AA, Sanders M, Rosenblatt MI, Maienschein-Cline M, Lawrence MS, Gaponenko V, Malik AB, Komarova YA. End binding-3 inhibitor activates regenerative program in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101223. [PMID: 37794584 PMCID: PMC10591057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by leaky neovessels emanating from the choroid, is a main cause of blindness. As current treatments for wet AMD require regular intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biologics, there is a need for the development of less invasive treatments. Here, we designed an allosteric inhibitor of end binding-3 (EB3) protein, termed EBIN, which reduces the effects of environmental stresses on endothelial cells by limiting pathological calcium signaling. Delivery of EBIN via eye drops in mouse and non-human primate (NHP) models of wet AMD prevents both neovascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization. EBIN reverses the epigenetic changes induced by environmental stresses, allowing an activation of a regenerative program within metabolic-active endothelial cells comprising choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of EBIN in preventing the degenerative processes underlying wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amelia A Mutso
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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19
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Frolov A, Lobov A, Kabilov M, Zainullina B, Tupikin A, Shishkova D, Markova V, Sinitskaya A, Grigoriev E, Markova Y, Kutikhin A. Multi-Omics Profiling of Human Endothelial Cells from the Coronary Artery and Internal Thoracic Artery Reveals Molecular but Not Functional Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15032. [PMID: 37834480 PMCID: PMC10573276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major adverse cardiovascular events occurring upon coronary artery bypass graft surgery are typically accompanied by endothelial dysfunction. Total arterial revascularisation, which employs both left and right internal thoracic arteries instead of the saphenous vein to create a bypass, is associated with better mid- and long-term outcomes. We suggested that molecular profiles of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and human internal mammary artery endothelial cells (HITAECs) are coherent in terms of transcriptomic and proteomic signatures, which were then investigated by RNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Both HCAECs and HITAECs overexpressed molecules responsible for the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, basement membrane assembly, cell-ECM adhesion, organisation of intercellular junctions, and secretion of extracellular vesicles. HCAECs were characterised by higher enrichment with molecular signatures of basement membrane construction, collagen biosynthesis and folding, and formation of intercellular junctions, whilst HITAECs were notable for augmented pro-inflammatory signaling, intensive synthesis of proteins and nitrogen compounds, and enhanced ribosome biogenesis. Despite HCAECs and HITAECs showing a certain degree of molecular heterogeneity, no specific markers at the protein level have been identified. Coherence of differentially expressed molecular categories in HCAECs and HITAECs suggests synergistic interactions between these ECs in a bypass surgery scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Frolov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biomedicine, Research Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretskiy Prospekt, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
| | - Marsel Kabilov
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (M.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Alexey Tupikin
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (M.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Daria Shishkova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Victoria Markova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Anna Sinitskaya
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Evgeny Grigoriev
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yulia Markova
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Anton Kutikhin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo 650002, Russia; (A.F.); (D.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (Y.M.)
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20
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Chovatiya G, Li KN, Li J, Ghuwalewala S, Tumbar T. Alk1 acts in non-endothelial VE-cadherin + perineurial cells to maintain nerve branching during hair homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5623. [PMID: 37699906 PMCID: PMC10497554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is a well-recognized endothelial cell marker. One of its interacting partners, the TGF-β receptor Alk1, is essential in endothelial cells for adult skin vasculature remodeling during hair homeostasis. Using single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing and gene targeting in mice, we characterize the cellular and molecular dynamics of skin VE-cadherin+ cells during hair homeostasis. We describe dynamic changes of VE-cadherin+ endothelial cells specific to blood and lymphatic vessels and uncover an atypical VE-cadherin+ cell population. The latter is not a predicted adult endovascular progenitor, but rather a non-endothelial mesenchymal perineurial cell type, which forms nerve encapsulating tubular structures that undergo remodeling during hair homeostasis. Alk1 acts in the VE-cadherin+ perineurial cells to maintain proper homeostatic nerve branching by enforcing basement membrane and extracellular matrix molecular signatures. Our work implicates the VE-cadherin/Alk1 duo, classically known as endothelial-vascular specific, in perineurial-nerve homeostasis. This has broad implications in vascular and nerve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Chovatiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta Ghuwalewala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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21
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Li J, Wang H. Selective organ targeting nanoparticles: from design to clinical translation. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1155-1173. [PMID: 37427677 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00145h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticle is a very promising therapeutic approach that can precisely target specific sites to treat diseases. Research on nanoscale drug delivery systems has made great progress in the past few years, making targeting nanoparticles a promising prospect. However, selective targeting nanoparticles designed for specific organs still face several challenges, one of which is the unknown fate of nanoparticles in vivo. This review starts with the in vivo journey of nanoparticles and describes the biological barriers and some targeting strategies for nanoparticles to target specific organs. Then, through the collection of literature in recent years, the design of selective targeting nanoparticles for various organs is illustrated, which provides a reference strategy for people to study the design of selective organ targeting nanoparticles. Ultimately, the prospect and challenge of selective organ targeting nanoparticles are discussed by collecting the data of clinical trials and marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang D, Li M, Zhang Q, Pan C, Lin Y, Luo Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Insights gained from single-cell RNA analysis of murine endothelial cells in aging hearts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18324. [PMID: 37554834 PMCID: PMC10404962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with progressive decline in the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with age. Systematic analyses of the effects of aging on different cardiac EC types remain limited. Here, we constructed a scRNA atlas of EC transcriptomes in young and old mouse hearts. We identified 10 EC subclusters. The multidimensionally differential genes (DEGs) analysis across different EC clusters shows molecular changes with aging, showing the increase in the overall inflammatory microenvironment and the decrease in angiogenesis and cytoskeletal support capacity of aged ECs. And we performed an in-depth analysis of 3 special ECs, Immunology, Proliferating and Angiogenic. The Immunology EC seems highly associated with some immune regulatory functions, which decline with aging at different degrees. Analysis of two types of neovascular ECs, Proliferating, Angiogenic, implied that Angiogenic ECs can differentiate into multiple EC directions after initially originating from proliferating ECs. And aging leads to a decrease in the ability of vascular angiogenesis and differentiation. Finally, we summarized the effects of aging on cell signaling communication between different EC clusters. This cardiac EC atlas offers comprehensive insights into the molecular regulations of cardiovascular aging, and provides new directions for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caineng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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23
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Caporarello N, Ligresti G. Vascular Contribution to Lung Repair and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:135-146. [PMID: 37126595 PMCID: PMC10399144 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0431tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs are constantly exposed to environmental perturbations and therefore have remarkable capacity to regenerate in response to injury. Sustained lung injuries, aging, and increased genomic instability, however, make lungs particularly susceptible to disrepair and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis constitutes a major cause of morbidity and is often relentlessly progressive, leading to death from respiratory failure. The pulmonary vasculature, which is critical for gas exchanges and plays a key role during lung development, repair, and regeneration, becomes aberrantly remodeled in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Although capillary rarefaction and increased vascular permeability are recognized as distinctive features of fibrotic lungs, the role of vasculature dysfunction in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has only recently emerged as an important contributor to the progression of this disease. This review summarizes current findings related to lung vascular repair and regeneration and provides recent insights into the vascular abnormalities associated with the development of persistent lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Luu RJ, Hoefler BC, Gard AL, Ritenour CR, Rogers MT, Kim ES, Coppeta JR, Cain BP, Isenberg BC, Azizgolshani H, Fajardo-Ramirez OR, García-Cardeña G, Lech MP, Tomlinson L, Charest JL, Williams C. Fibroblast activation in response to TGFβ1 is modulated by co-culture with endothelial cells in a vascular organ-on-chip platform. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160851. [PMID: 37577751 PMCID: PMC10421749 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tissue fibrosis is a major healthcare burden that affects various organs in the body for which no effective treatments exist. An underlying, emerging theme across organs and tissue types at early stages of fibrosis is the activation of pericytes and/or fibroblasts in the perivascular space. In hepatic tissue, it is well known that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (EC) help maintain the quiescence of stellate cells, but whether this phenomenon holds true for other endothelial and perivascular cell types is not well studied. Methods: The goal of this work was to develop an organ-on-chip microvascular model to study the effect of EC co-culture on the activation of perivascular cells perturbed by the pro-fibrotic factor TGFβ1. A high-throughput microfluidic platform, PREDICT96, that was capable of imparting physiologically relevant fluid shear stress on the cultured endothelium was utilized. Results: We first studied the activation response of several perivascular cell types and selected a cell source, human dermal fibroblasts, that exhibited medium-level activation in response to TGFβ1. We also demonstrated that the PREDICT96 high flow pump triggered changes in select shear-responsive factors in human EC. We then found that the activation response of fibroblasts was significantly blunted in co-culture with EC compared to fibroblast mono-cultures. Subsequent studies with conditioned media demonstrated that EC-secreted factors play at least a partial role in suppressing the activation response. A Luminex panel and single cell RNA-sequencing study provided additional insight into potential EC-derived factors that could influence fibroblast activation. Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed that EC can reduce myofibroblast activation of perivascular cells in response to TGFβ1. Further exploration of EC-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets in fibrosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah J. Luu
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - B. Christopher Hoefler
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ashley L. Gard
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Miles T. Rogers
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ernest S. Kim
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Coppeta
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brian P. Cain
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hesham Azizgolshani
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Oscar R. Fajardo-Ramirez
- Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph L. Charest
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Corin Williams
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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25
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Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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McNamara ME, Loyfer N, Kiliti AJ, Schmidt MO, Shabi-Porat S, Jain SS, Martinez Roth S, McDeed AP, Shahrour N, Ballew E, Lin YT, Li HH, Deslattes Mays A, Rudra S, Riegel AT, Unger K, Kaplan T, Wellstein A. Circulating cell-free methylated DNA reveals tissue-specific, cellular damage from radiation treatment. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e156529. [PMID: 37318863 PMCID: PMC10443812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an effective cancer treatment, although damage to healthy tissues is common. Here we analyzed cell-free, methylated DNA released from dying cells into the circulation to evaluate radiation-induced cellular damage in different tissues. To map the circulating DNA fragments to human and mouse tissues, we established sequencing-based, cell-type-specific reference DNA methylation atlases. We found that cell-type-specific DNA blocks were mostly hypomethylated and located within signature genes of cellular identity. Cell-free DNA fragments were captured from serum samples by hybridization to CpG-rich DNA panels and mapped to the DNA methylation atlases. In a mouse model, thoracic radiation-induced tissue damage was reflected by dose-dependent increases in lung endothelial and cardiomyocyte methylated DNA in serum. The analysis of serum samples from patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation treatment revealed distinct dose-dependent and tissue-specific epithelial and endothelial responses to radiation across multiple organs. Strikingly, patients treated for right-sided breast cancers also showed increased hepatocyte and liver endothelial DNA in the circulation, indicating the impact on liver tissues. Thus, changes in cell-free methylated DNA can uncover cell-type-specific effects of radiation and provide a readout of the biologically effective radiation dose received by healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. McNamara
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Netanel Loyfer
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amber J. Kiliti
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Marcel O. Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sapir Shabi-Porat
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sidharth S. Jain
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sarah Martinez Roth
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - A. Patrick McDeed
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Nesreen Shahrour
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Yun-Tien Lin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Sonali Rudra
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Keith Unger
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
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27
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Zwiers PJ, Lucas JPFE, Jongman RM, van Meurs M, Popa ER, Molema G. Reduced Tie2 in Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Organ-Specific Adhesion Molecule Expression in Murine Health and Endotoxemia. Cells 2023; 12:1850. [PMID: 37508516 PMCID: PMC10378325 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) in the microvasculature in organs are active participants in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Tyrosine protein kinase receptor Tie2 (Tek; Tunica interna Endothelial cell Kinase) is thought to play a role in their inflammatory response, yet data are inconclusive. We investigated acute endotoxemia-induced changes in the expression of Tie2 and inflammation-associated endothelial adhesion molecules E-selectin and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in kidneys and lungs in inducible, EC-specific Tie2 knockout mice. The extent of Tie2 knockout in healthy mice differed between microvascular beds, with low to absent expression in arterioles in kidneys and in capillaries in lungs. In kidneys, Tie2 mRNA dropped more than 70% upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both genotypes, with no change in protein. In renal arterioles, tamoxifen-induced Tie2 knockout was associated with higher VCAM-1 protein expression in healthy conditions. This did not increase further upon challenge of mice with LPS, in contrast to the increased expression occurring in control mice. Also, in lungs, Tie2 mRNA levels dropped within 4 h after LPS challenge in both genotypes, while Tie2 protein levels did not change. In alveolar capillaries, where tamoxifen-induced Tie2 knockout did not affect the basal expression of either adhesion molecule, a 4-fold higher E-selectin protein expression was observed after exposure to LPS compared to controls. The here-revealed heterogeneous effects of absence of Tie2 in ECs in kidney and lung microvasculature in health and in response to acute inflammatory activation calls for further in vivo investigations into the role of Tie2 in EC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Zwiers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline P F E Lucas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Jongman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eliane R Popa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Barrett L, Curry N, Abu-Hanna J. Experimental Models of Traumatic Injuries: Do They Capture the Coagulopathy and Underlying Endotheliopathy Induced by Human Trauma? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11174. [PMID: 37446351 PMCID: PMC10343021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with traumatic injury. It describes the spectrum of coagulation abnormalities that occur because of the trauma itself and the body's response to the trauma. These coagulation abnormalities range from hypocoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis, resulting in potentially fatal bleeding, in the early stages of trauma to hypercoagulability, leading to widespread clot formation, in the later stages. Pathological changes in the vascular endothelium and its regulation of haemostasis, a phenomenon known as the endotheliopathy of trauma (EoT), are thought to underlie TIC. Our understanding of EoT and its contribution to TIC remains in its infancy largely due to the scarcity of experimental research. This review discusses the mechanisms employed by the vascular endothelium to regulate haemostasis and their dysregulation following traumatic injury before providing an overview of the available experimental in vitro and in vivo models of trauma and their applicability for the study of the EoT and its contribution to TIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Barrett
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
- Emergency Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicola Curry
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
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29
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Fließer E, Lins T, Berg JL, Kolb M, Kwapiszewska G. The endothelium in lung fibrosis: a core signaling hub in disease pathogenesis? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C2-C16. [PMID: 37184232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00097.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive chronic lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural destruction, associated with a severe 5-year mortality rate. The onset of the disease is thought to be triggered by chronic damage to the alveolar epithelium. Since the pulmonary endothelium is an important component of the alveolar-capillary niche, it is also affected by the initial injury. In addition to ensuring proper gas exchange, the endothelium has critical functional properties, including regulation of vascular tone, inflammatory responses, coagulation, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis and integrity. Recent single-cell analyses have shown that shifts in endothelial cell (EC) subtypes occur in PF. Furthermore, the increased vascular remodeling associated with PF leads to deteriorated outcomes for patients, underscoring the importance of the vascular bed in PF. To date, the causes and consequences of endothelial and vascular involvement in lung fibrosis are poorly understood. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the involvement of EC and the vascular system in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we will outline the current knowledge on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in PF, in terms of abnormal cellular interactions, hyperinflammation, vascular barrier disorders, and an altered basement membrane composition. Finally, we will summarize recent advances in extensive therapeutic research and discuss the significant value of novel therapies targeting the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fließer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Lins
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Lorenz Berg
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
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30
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Bishop D, Schwarz Q, Wiszniak S. Endothelial-derived angiocrine factors as instructors of embryonic development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172114. [PMID: 37457293 PMCID: PMC10339107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are well-known to play roles in organ development and repair, primarily owing to their fundamental function in delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues to promote their growth and homeostasis. Endothelial cells however are not merely passive conduits for carrying blood. There is now evidence that endothelial cells of the vasculature actively regulate tissue-specific development, morphogenesis and organ function, as well as playing roles in disease and cancer. Angiocrine factors are growth factors, cytokines, signaling molecules or other regulators produced directly from endothelial cells to instruct a diverse range of signaling outcomes in the cellular microenvironment, and are critical mediators of the vascular control of organ function. The roles of angiocrine signaling are only beginning to be uncovered in diverse fields such as homeostasis, regeneration, organogenesis, stem-cell maintenance, cell differentiation and tumour growth. While in some cases the specific angiocrine factor involved in these processes has been identified, in many cases the molecular identity of the angiocrine factor(s) remain to be discovered, even though the importance of angiocrine signaling has been implicated. In this review, we will specifically focus on roles for endothelial-derived angiocrine signaling in instructing tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during embryonic and perinatal development.
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Ji L, Waduge P, Wu Y, Huang C, Kaur A, Oliveira P, Tian H, Zhang J, Stout JT, Weng CY, Webster KA, Li W. Secretogranin III Selectively Promotes Vascular Leakage in the Deep Vascular Plexus of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10531. [PMID: 37445707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults, induces mosaic patterns of vasculopathy that may be associated with spatial heterogeneity of intraretinal endothelial cells. We recently reported that secretogranin III (Scg3), a neuron-derived angiogenic and vascular leakage factor, selectively binds retinal vessels of diabetic but not healthy mice. Here, we investigated endothelial heterogeneity of three retinal vascular plexuses in DR pathogenesis and the therapeutic implications. Our unique in vivo ligand binding assay detected a 22.7-fold increase in Scg3 binding to retinal vessels of diabetic mice relative to healthy mice. Functional immunohistochemistry revealed that Scg3 predominantly binds to the DR-stressed CD31- deep retinal vascular plexus but not to the relatively healthy CD31+ superficial and intermediate plexuses within the same diabetic retina. In contrast, VEGF bound to healthy and diabetic retinal vessels indiscriminately with low activity. FITC-dextran assays indicated that selectively increased retinal vascular leakage coincides with Scg3 binding in diabetic mice that was independent of VEGF, whereas VEGF-induced leakage did not distinguish between diabetic and healthy mice. Dose-response curves showed that the anti-Scg3 humanized antibody (hAb) and anti-VEGF aflibercept alleviated DR leakage with equivalent efficacies, and that the combination acted synergistically. These findings suggest: (i) the deep plexus is highly sensitive to DR; (ii) Scg3 binding to the DR deep plexus coincides with the loss of CD31 and compromised endothelial junctions; (iii) anti-Scg3 hAb alleviates vascular leakage by selectively targeting the DR-stressed deep plexus within the same diabetic retina; (iv) combined anti-Scg3 and anti-VEGF treatments synergistically ameliorate DR through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Ji
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Prabuddha Waduge
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chengchi Huang
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Avinash Kaur
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Oliveira
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Everglades Biopharma, LLC, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - J Timothy Stout
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christina Y Weng
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith A Webster
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Everglades Biopharma, LLC, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jayant G, Kuperberg S, Somnay K, Wadgaonkar R. The Role of Sphingolipids in Regulating Vascular Permeability in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1728. [PMID: 37371823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease that causes scarring and fibrotic transformation of the lung parenchyma, resulting in the progressive loss of respiratory function and, often, death. Current treatments that target profibrotic factors can slow the rate of progression but are unable to ultimately stop it. In the past decade, many studies have shown that increased vascular permeability may be both a predictive and perpetuating factor in fibrogenesis. Consequently, there is a search for therapeutic targets to try and modulate vascular permeability in fibrotic lungs. One such class of targets that show great promise is sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are common in cell membranes and are increasingly recognized as critical to many cell signaling pathways, including those that affect the integrity of the vascular endothelial barrier. In this focused review we look at sphingolipids, particularly the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) axis and its effects on vascular permeability, and how those effects may affect the pathogenesis of IPF. We further examine existing S1P modulators and their potential efficacy as therapeutics for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Jayant
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | - Kaumudi Somnay
- NY Presbyterian Hospital Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Raj Wadgaonkar
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Yoo H, La H, Park C, Yoo S, Lee H, Song H, Do JT, Choi Y, Hong K. Common and distinct functions of mouse Dot1l in the regulation of endothelial transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1176115. [PMID: 37397258 PMCID: PMC10311421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1176115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are mandatory for endothelial called lymphangioblasts during cardiovascular development. Dot1l-mediated gene transcription in mice is essential for the development and function of lymphatic ECs (LECs). The role of Dot1l in the development and function of blood ECs blood endothelial cells is unclear. RNA-seq datasets from Dot1l-depleted or -overexpressing BECs and LECs were used to comprehensively analyze regulatory networks of gene transcription and pathways. Dot1l depletion in BECs changed the expression of genes involved in cell-to-cell adhesion and immunity-related biological processes. Dot1l overexpression modified the expression of genes involved in different types of cell-to-cell adhesion and angiogenesis-related biological processes. Genes involved in specific tissue development-related biological pathways were altered in Dot1l-depleted BECs and LECs. Dot1l overexpression altered ion transportation-related genes in BECs and immune response regulation-related genes in LECs. Importantly, Dot1l overexpression in BECs led to the expression of genes related to the angiogenesis and increased expression of MAPK signaling pathways related was found in both Dot1l-overexpressing BECs and LECs. Therefore, our integrated analyses of transcriptomics in Dot1l-depleted and Dot1l-overexpressed ECs demonstrate the unique transcriptomic program of ECs and the differential functions of Dot1l in the regulation of gene transcription in BECs and LECs.
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Qiu D, Xu K, Chung N, Robbins J, Luo R, Lawrence M, He A, Yu F, Alt A, Miller MM, Hangeland J, Feder JN, Seiffert D, Arey BJ. Identification and validation of G protein-coupled receptors modulating flow-dependent signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1198079. [PMID: 37363403 PMCID: PMC10285409 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1198079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells are exposed to mechanical forces due to their presence at the interface between the vessel wall and flowing blood. The patterns of these mechanical forces (laminar vs. turbulent) regulate endothelial cell function and play an important role in determining endothelial phenotype and ultimately cardiovascular health. One of the key transcriptional mediators of the positive effects of laminar flow patterns on endothelial cell phenotype is the zinc-finger transcription factor, krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Given its importance in maintaining a healthy endothelium, we sought to identify endothelial regulators of the KLF2 transcriptional program as potential new therapeutic approaches to treating cardiovascular disease. Using an approach that utilized both bioinformatics and targeted gene knockdown, we identified endothelial GPCRs capable of modulating KLF2 expression. Genetic screening using siRNAs directed to these GPCRs identified 12 potential GPCR targets that could modulate the KLF2 program, including a subset capable of regulating flow-induced KLF2 expression in primary endothelial cells. Among these targets, we describe the ability of several GPCRs (GPR116, SSTR3, GPR101, LGR4) to affect KLF2 transcriptional activation. We also identify these targets as potential validated targets for the development of novel treatments targeting the endothelium. Finally, we highlight the initiation of drug discovery efforts for LGR4 and report the identification of the first known synthetic ligands to this receptor as a proof-of-concept for pathway-directed phenotypic screening to identify novel drug targets.
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Fang Y, Chen L, Imoukhuede PI. Toward Blood-Based Precision Medicine: Identifying Age-Sex-Specific Vascular Biomarker Quantities on Circulating Vascular Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:189-204. [PMID: 37456786 PMCID: PMC10338416 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal angiogenesis is central to vascular disease and cancer, and noninvasive biomarkers of vascular origin are needed to evaluate patients and therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are often dysregulated in these diseases, making them promising biomarkers, but the need for an invasive biopsy has limited biomarker research on VEGFRs. Here, we pioneer a blood biopsy approach to quantify VEGFR plasma membrane localization on two circulating vascular proxies: circulating endothelial cells (cECs) and circulating progenitor cells (cPCs). Methods Using quantitative flow cytometry, we examined VEGFR expression on cECs and cPCs in four age-sex groups: peri/premenopausal females (aged < 50 years), menopausal/postmenopausal females (≥ 50 years), and younger and older males with the same age cut-off (50 years). Results cECs in peri/premenopausal females consisted of two VEGFR populations: VEGFR-low (~ 55% of population: population medians ~ 3000 VEGFR1 and 3000 VEGFR2/cell) and VEGFR-high (~ 45%: 138,000 VEGFR1 and 39,000-236,000 VEGFR2/cell), while the menopausal/postmenopausal group only possessed the VEGFR-low cEC population; and 27% of cECs in males exhibited high plasma membrane VEGFR expression (206,000 VEGFR1 and 155,000 VEGFR2/cell). The absence of VEGFR-high cEC subpopulations in menopausal/postmenopausal females suggests that their high-VEGFR cECs are associated with menstruation and could be noninvasive proxies for studying the intersection of age-sex in angiogenesis. VEGFR1 plasma membrane localization in cPCs was detected only in menopausal/postmenopausal females, suggesting a menopause-specific regenerative mechanism. Conclusions Overall, our quantitative, noninvasive approach targeting cECs and cPCs has provided the first insights into how sex and age influence VEGFR plasma membrane localization in vascular cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-023-00771-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - P. I. Imoukhuede
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Barabutis N. Activating transcription factor 6 in the endothelial context. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 80:102216. [PMID: 37121466 PMCID: PMC10155510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA.
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Adetunji JA, Fasae KD, Awe AI, Paimo OK, Adegoke AM, Akintunde JK, Sekhoacha MP. The protective roles of citrus flavonoids, naringenin, and naringin on endothelial cell dysfunction in diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17166. [PMID: 37484296 PMCID: PMC10361329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (ECs) make up the inner lining of blood vessels, acting as a barrier separating the blood and the tissues in several organs. ECs maintain endothelium integrity by controlling the constriction and relaxation of the vasculature, blood fluidity, adhesion, and migration. These actions of ECs are efficiently coordinated via an intricate signaling network connecting receptors, and a wide range of cellular macromolecules. ECs are naturally quiescent i.e.; they are not stimulated and do not proliferate. Upon infection or disease, ECs become activated, and this alteration is pivotal in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of human neurological, cardiovascular, diabetic, cancerous, and viral diseases. Considering the central position that ECs play in disease pathogenesis, therapeutic options have been targeted at improving ECs integrity, assembly, functioning, and health. The dietary intake of flavonoids present in citrus fruits has been associated with a reduced risk of endothelium dysfunction. Naringenin (NGN) and Naringin (NAR), major flavonoids in grapefruit, tomatoes, and oranges possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and cell survival potentials, which improve the health of the vascular endothelium. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and present the advances in understanding of the mechanisms through which NGN and NAR modulate the biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and protect the endothelium against unresolved inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. We also provide perspectives and suggest further studies that will help assess the efficacy of citrus flavonoids in the therapeutics of human vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Adetunji
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde D. Fasae
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Ayobami I. Awe
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA
| | - Oluwatomiwa K. Paimo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji M. Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. Akintunde
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mamello P. Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Laakmann K, Eckersberg JM, Hapke M, Wiegand M, Bierwagen J, Beinborn I, Preußer C, Pogge von Strandmann E, Heimerl T, Schmeck B, Jung AL. Bacterial extracellular vesicles repress the vascular protective factor RNase1 in human lung endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:111. [PMID: 37189117 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and characterized by blood stream infections associated with a dysregulated host response and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Ribonuclease 1 (RNase1) acts as a protective factor of vascular homeostasis and is known to be repressed by massive and persistent inflammation, associated to the development of vascular pathologies. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are released upon infection and may interact with ECs to mediate EC barrier dysfunction. Here, we investigated the impact of bEVs of sepsis-related pathogens on human EC RNase1 regulation. METHODS bEVs from sepsis-associated bacteria were isolated via ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography and used for stimulation of human lung microvascular ECs combined with and without signaling pathway inhibitor treatments. RESULTS bEVs from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium significantly reduced RNase1 mRNA and protein expression and activated ECs, while TLR2-inducing bEVs from Streptococcus pneumoniae did not. These effects were mediated via LPS-dependent TLR4 signaling cascades as they could be blocked by Polymyxin B. Additionally, LPS-free ClearColi™ had no impact on RNase1. Further characterization of TLR4 downstream pathways involving NF-кB and p38, as well as JAK1/STAT1 signaling, revealed that RNase1 mRNA regulation is mediated via a p38-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION Blood stream bEVs from gram-negative, sepsis-associated bacteria reduce the vascular protective factor RNase1, opening new avenues for therapeutical intervention of EC dysfunction via promotion of RNase1 integrity. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Laakmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorina Mona Eckersberg
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hapke
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Wiegand
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeff Bierwagen
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Beinborn
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Preußer
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology and Core Facility - Extracellular Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heimerl
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Nguyen HT, Peirsman A, Tirpakova Z, Mandal K, Vanlauwe F, Maity S, Kawakita S, Khorsandi D, Herculano R, Umemura C, Yilgor C, Bell R, Hanson A, Li S, Nanda HS, Zhu Y, Najafabadi AH, Jucaud V, Barros N, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Engineered Vasculature for Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:978. [PMID: 37241602 PMCID: PMC10221678 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Engineered human tissues created by three-dimensional cell culture of human cells in a hydrogel are becoming emerging model systems for cancer drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Complex functional engineered tissues can also assist in the regeneration, repair, or replacement of human tissues. However, one of the main hurdles for tissue engineering, three-dimensional cell culture, and regenerative medicine is the capability of delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells through the vasculatures. Several studies have investigated different strategies to create a functional vascular system in engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chips. Engineered vasculatures have been used for the studies of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as drug and cell transports across the endothelium. Moreover, vascular engineering allows the creation of large functional vascular conduits for regenerative medicine purposes. However, there are still many challenges in the creation of vascularized tissue constructs and their biological applications. This review will summarize the latest efforts to create vasculatures and vascularized tissues for cancer research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zuzana Tirpakova
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Florian Vanlauwe
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Rondinelli Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
- Bioengineering & Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Christian Umemura
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Can Yilgor
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Remy Bell
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Adrian Hanson
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Shaopei Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Laboratory, PDPM—Indian Institute of Information Technology Design Manufacturing, Jabalpur 482005, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | | | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Natan Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
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Garduno A, Cusack R, Leone M, Einav S, Martin-Loeches I. Multi-Omics Endotypes in ICU Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1119. [PMID: 37317092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is evident that the admission of some patients with sepsis and septic shock to hospitals is occurring late in their illness, which has contributed to the increase in poor outcomes and high fatalities worldwide across age groups. The current diagnostic and monitoring procedure relies on an inaccurate and often delayed identification by the clinician, who then decides the treatment upon interaction with the patient. Initiation of sepsis is accompanied by immune system paralysis following "cytokine storm". The unique immunological response of each patient is important to define in terms of subtyping for therapy. The immune system becomes activated in sepsis to produce interleukins, and endothelial cells express higher levels of adhesion molecules. The proportions of circulating immune cells change, reducing regulatory cells and increasing memory cells and killer cells, having long-term effects on the phenotype of CD8 T cells, HLA-DR, and dysregulation of microRNA. The current narrative review seeks to highlight the potential application of multi-omics data integration and immunological profiling at the single-cell level to define endotypes in sepsis and septic shock. The review will consider the parallels and immunoregulatory axis between cancer and immunosuppression, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and endothelial damage. Second, the added value of transcriptomic-driven endotypes will be assessed through inferring regulatory interactions in recent clinical trials and studies reporting gene modular features that inform continuous metrics measuring clinical response in ICU, which can support the use of immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Garduno
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachael Cusack
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Leone
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Trauma Center, Nord University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Sharon Einav
- General Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 23456, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 23456, Israel
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
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Parab S, Setten E, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. The tissue-specific transcriptional landscape underlines the involvement of endothelial cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108418. [PMID: 37088448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line vascular and lymphatic vessels are being increasingly recognized as important to organ function in health and disease. ECs participate not only in the trafficking of gases, metabolites, and cells between the bloodstream and tissues but also in the angiocrine-based induction of heterogeneous parenchymal cells, which are unique to their specific tissue functions. The molecular mechanisms regulating EC heterogeneity between and within different tissues are modeled during embryogenesis and become fully established in adults. Any changes in adult tissue homeostasis induced by aging, stress conditions, and various noxae may reshape EC heterogeneity and induce specific transcriptional features that condition a functional phenotype. Heterogeneity is sustained via specific genetic programs organized through the combinatory effects of a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that, at the single tissue-level, constitute dynamic networks that are post-transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated. This review is focused on outlining the TF-based networks involved in EC specialization and physiological and pathological stressors thought to modify their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
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Alnaqbi N, Mohammad MG, Hamoudi R, Mabondzo A, Harati R. Molecular Heterogeneity of the Brain Endothelium. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3462-3478. [PMID: 37185751 PMCID: PMC10136751 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is part of a neurovascular structure located in the brain's micro vessels, that is essential to maintain brain homeostasis, but prevents the brain uptake of most drugs. Because of its importance in neuro-pharmacotherapy, the BBB has been the subject of extensive research since its discovery over 100 years ago. Major advances in understanding the structure and function of the barrier have been made. Drugs are re-designed to cross the BBB. However, despite these efforts, overcoming the BBB efficiently to treat brain diseases safely remains challenging. The majority of BBB research studies focus on the BBB as a homogenous structure throughout the different brain regions. However, this simplification may lead to an inadequate understanding of the BBB function with significant therapeutic consequences. From this perspective, we analyzed the gene and protein expression profiles of the BBB in the micro vessels from the brains of mice that were isolated from two different brain regions, namely the cortex and the hippocampus. The expression profile of the inter-endothelial junctional protein (claudin-5), three ABC transporters (P-glycoprotein, Bcrp and Mrp-1), and three BBB receptors (lrp-1, TRF and GLUT-1) were analyzed. Our gene and protein analysis showed that the brain endothelium in the hippocampus exhibits different expression profiles compared to the brain cortex. Specifically, brain endothelial cells (BECs) of the hippocampus express higher gene levels of abcb1, abcg2, lrp1, and slc2a1 compared to the BECs of the cortex regions with a trend of increase for claudin-5, while BECs of the cortex express higher gene levels of abcc1 and trf compared to the hippocampus. At the protein levels, the P-gp expression was found to be significantly higher in the hippocampus compared to the cortex, while TRF was found to be up-regulated in the cortex. These data suggest that the structure and function of the BBB are not homogeneous, and imply that drugs are not delivered similarly among the different brain regions. Appreciation of the BBB heterogeneity by future research programs is thus critical for efficient drug delivery and the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Alnaqbi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Department of Medicines and Healthcare Technologies, Paris-Saclay University, The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Anderson JR, Morin EE, Brayer KJ, Salbato S, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Kanagy NL, Naik JS. Single-cell transcriptomic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance mesenteric arteries in rats. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:179-193. [PMID: 36912534 PMCID: PMC10085562 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium contains morphologically similar cells throughout the vasculature, but individual cells along the length of a single vascular tree or in different regional circulations function dissimilarly. When observations made in large arteries are extrapolated to explain the function of endothelial cells (ECs) in the resistance vasculature, only a fraction of these observations are consistent between artery sizes. To what extent endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from different arteriolar segments of the same tissue differ phenotypically at the single-cell level remains unknown. Therefore, single-cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics) was performed using a 10X Genomics Chromium system. Cells were enzymatically digested from large (>300 µm) and small (<150 µm) mesenteric arteries from nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, pooled to create six samples (3 rats/sample, 3 samples/group). After normalized integration, the dataset was scaled before unsupervised cell clustering and cluster visualization using UMAP plots. Differential gene expression analysis allowed us to infer the biological identity of different clusters. Our analysis revealed 630 and 641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between conduit and resistance arteries for ECs and VSMCs, respectively. Gene ontology analysis (GO-Biological Processes, GOBP) of scRNA-seq data discovered 562 and 270 pathways for ECs and VSMCs, respectively, that differed between large and small arteries. We identified eight and seven unique ECs and VSMCs subpopulations, respectively, with DEGs and pathways identified for each cluster. These results and this dataset allow the discovery and support of novel hypotheses needed to identify mechanisms that determine the phenotypic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kathryn J Brayer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Sophia Salbato
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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Afshar Y, Ma F, Quach A, Jeong A, Sunshine HL, Freitas V, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Helaers R, Li X, Pellegrini M, Wohlschlegel JA, Romanoski CE, Vikkula M, Iruela-Arispe ML. Transcriptional drifts associated with environmental changes in endothelial cells. eLife 2023; 12:e81370. [PMID: 36971339 PMCID: PMC10168696 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues, such as physical forces and heterotypic cell interactions play a critical role in cell function, yet their collective contributions to transcriptional changes are unclear. Focusing on human endothelial cells, we performed broad individual sample analysis to identify transcriptional drifts associated with environmental changes that were independent of genetic background. Global gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing and protein expression by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry directed proteomics distinguished endothelial cells in vivo from genetically matched culture (in vitro) samples. Over 43% of the transcriptome was significantly changed by the in vitro environment. Subjecting cultured cells to long-term shear stress significantly rescued the expression of approximately 17% of genes. Inclusion of heterotypic interactions by co-culture of endothelial cells with smooth muscle cells normalized approximately 9% of the original in vivo signature. We also identified novel flow dependent genes, as well as genes that necessitate heterotypic cell interactions to mimic the in vivo transcriptome. Our findings highlight specific genes and pathways that rely on contextual information for adequate expression from those that are agnostic of such environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Afshar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Feyiang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Austin Quach
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Anhyo Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hannah L Sunshine
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Vanessa Freitas
- Departament of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao PauloLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Raphael Helaers
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of LouvainBrusselsBelgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research InstituteWavreBelgium
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
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Chovatiya G, Li KN, Ghuwalewala S, Tumbar T. Single-cell transcriptomics of adult skin VE-cadherin expressing lineages during hair cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533784. [PMID: 36993228 PMCID: PMC10055414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adult skin homeostasis involves global reorganization of dermal lineages at different stages of the mouse hair growth cycle. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin encoded by Cdh5 ) expressing cells from blood and lymphatic vasculature structures are known to remodel during the adult hair cycle. Here we employ single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) 10x-genomics analysis of FACS-sorted VE-cadherin expressing cells marked via Cdh5-CreER genetic labeling at resting (telogen) and growth (anagen) stage of hair cycle. Our comparative analysis between the two stages uncovers a persistent Ki67 + proliferative EC population and documents changes in EC population distribution and gene expression. Global gene expression changes in all the analyzed populations revealed bioenergetic metabolic changes that may drive vascular remodeling during HF growth phase, alongside a few highly restricted cluster-specific gene expression differences. This study uncovers active cellular and molecular dynamics of adult skin endothelial lineages during hair cycle that may have broad implications in adult tissue regeneration and for understanding vascular disease.
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Pan J, Liu B, Dai Z. The Role of a Lung Vascular Endothelium Enriched Gene TMEM100. Biomedicines 2023; 11:937. [PMID: 36979916 PMCID: PMC10045937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of the vascular system. The protein is involved in several processes such as angiogenesis, vascular morphogenesis, and integrity. Furthermore, TMEM100 is a downstream target of the BMP9/10 and BMPR2/ALK1 signaling pathways, which are key regulators of vascular development. Our recent studies have shown that TMEM100 is a lung endothelium enriched gene and plays a significant role in lung vascular repair and regeneration. The importance of TMEM100 in endothelial cells' regeneration was demonstrated when Tmem100 was specifically deleted in endothelial cells, causing an impairment in their regenerative ability. However, the role of TMEM100 in various conditions and diseases is still largely unknown, making it an interesting area of research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TMEM100, including its expression pattern, function, molecular signaling, and clinical implications, which could be valuable in the development of novel therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Pan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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48
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Haywood NJ, Kearney MT. Emerging paracrine functions of the endothelium in the setting of Diabetes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Diebel LN, Liberati DM, Carge M. Effect of albumin solutions on endothelial oxidant injury: A microfluidic study. Surgery 2023; 173:876-882. [PMID: 36372576 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested a beneficial effect of early plasma-based resuscitation in patients following trauma-hemorrhagic shock. The underlying mechanism(s) are unknown but may be owing to protective effects of plasma components on the endothelium and its glycocalyx layer. Albumin, the major protein in plasma, influences vascular integrity and has antioxidant properties in vivo. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a bioactive sphingolipid with diverse signaling functions, which include endothelial barrier protection in part owing to preservation of the glycocalyx. Sphingosine 1-phosphate is bound mainly to albumin and high-density lipids in the plasma. Debate continues about the beneficial effect of albumin solutions in shock resuscitation. Pharmacologic preparations may modify constituents of albumin solutions for clinical use. We examined the relative effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate concentrations in albumin solutions on the endothelial-glycocalyx barrier in an in vitro microfluidic platform. METHODS Endothelial cell monolayers were established in microfluidic perfusion devices and exposed to control or biomimetic shock conditions followed by 5% plasma or different albumin solutions ± exogenous sphingosine 1-phosphate perfusion. Biomarkers of endothelial and glycocalyx activation, damage, and oxidant injury were then determined. RESULTS Endothelial cell and glycocalyx barriers were damaged after biomimetic shock conditions. Plasma and sphingosine 1-phosphate loaded albumin solutions protected against barrier injury. Modest protective effects were noted with albumin alone; the efficacy varied with sphingosine 1-phosphate content of the albumin solution. CONCLUSION The protective effect of albumin on the endothelia-glycocalyx barrier against oxidant injury was dependent on its sphingosine 1-phosphate concentration. Our data may help explain the discrepancies regarding the effectiveness of albumin solutions in shock resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Diebel
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - David M Liberati
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Michael Carge
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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50
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Sweet DR, Padmanabhan R, Liao X, Dashora HR, Tang X, Nayak L, Jain R, De Val S, Vinayachandran V, Jain MK. Krüppel-Like Factors Orchestrate Endothelial Gene Expression Through Redundant and Non-Redundant Enhancer Networks. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e024303. [PMID: 36789992 PMCID: PMC10111506 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Proper function of endothelial cells is critical for vascular integrity and organismal survival. Studies over the past 2 decades have identified 2 members of the KLF (Krüppel-like factor) family of proteins, KLF2 and KLF4, as nodal regulators of endothelial function. Strikingly, inducible postnatal deletion of both KLF2 and KLF4 resulted in widespread vascular leak, coagulopathy, and rapid death. Importantly, while transcriptomic studies revealed profound alterations in gene expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we seek to determine mechanisms of KLF2 and KLF4 transcriptional control in multiple vascular beds to further understand their roles as critical endothelial regulators. Methods and Results We integrate chromatin occupancy and transcription studies from multiple transgenic mouse models to demonstrate that KLF2 and KLF4 have overlapping yet distinct binding patterns and transcriptional targets in heart and lung endothelium. Mechanistically, KLFs use open chromatin regions in promoters and enhancers and bind in context-specific patterns that govern transcription in microvasculature. Importantly, this occurs during homeostasis in vivo without additional exogenous stimuli. Conclusions Together, this work provides mechanistic insight behind the well-described transcriptional and functional heterogeneity seen in vascular populations, while also establishing tools into exploring microvascular endothelial dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH.,Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Himanshu R Dashora
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Xinmiao Tang
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford UK
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH.,Division of Biology and Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI
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